DE1468159B - - Google Patents

Description

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© Int. Cl .:

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

German class

j Authority owned

around

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12 o, 19/01

12 o, 1/01 12 i, 1/16

Interpretation document 1468159

Exhibition priority: -

File number: P 14 68 159.5-42 (K 53671) Date of filing: August 5, 1964

Disclosure date: May 8, 1969. Disclosure date: June 11, 1970

Union priority date-country:
File number:

Designation:

Addition to: Elimination from: Applicant:

Process (and device) for splitting hydrocarbons into acetylene, ethylene, methane and hydrogen with the help of im electric arc heated hydrogen

Knäpsäck AG, 5030 HürüV ^>^; ^ ¹ =

Representative:

Named as inventor: Sennewald, Dipl.-Chem. Dr. Kurt; Gehrmann, Dipl.-Chem. Dr. Klaus; .. ■, ·. ·. ■, .- "". ■■. ".,.,. ·: '■ .. Strie, Dipl.-ing.'Lothar; 5033 Knapsack;.

Bender, Dipl.-Ing. Ludwig, 5040 Brühl;

Schallus, Erich; Stephan, Dipl.-Ing. Hans-Werner; 5000 Cologne

Publications considered for the assessment of patentability:

U.S. Patent 3,114,691

OE-PS 222 625 J.

1 2

The present invention relates to a gas and, consequently, to its entry

Process (and a device) for the cleavage of in the reaction space not in the vaporous

Hydrocarbons need to be converted to acetylene, ethylene, methane state,

and hydrogen with the help of in the electric light

arc heated hydrogen. 5 3 114 691 is hydrogen only available at one

There are a number of methods of cleavage zigen place, namely along the electrode in the of hydrocarbons with the help of the electric arc combustion chamber. Already known about two arcs at a distance. So z. ß. Injection points arranged from one another are introduced radially into the reaction chamber in the German patent 806 455. The method described and 871 001 liquid outlet io second inflow point for the methane is direct hydrocarbon through the arc path bar above the quenching chamber, so that the driven here, with hydrogen introduced into this at the same time, methane is hardly inflated enough or a hydrogen-containing or a inert can be heated, since it immediately flows through the quenching space to maintain the atmosphere in the reaction space. Quenching the reaction will. In this case, however, large amounts of the mixture are created due to the by-products cooled from the outside, which reduce the yield, in front of the wall of the quenching chamber,
in particular, the amount of soot is considerable. Finally, the German patent

Also mentioned in the procedure under German Patents 1,175,224 and 1,168,419. After the initial writing 597 129 if one lets the arc in said becomes a rotating, thinner, itself steadily a renewing film of the starting liquid carbon atmosphere consisting essentially of hydrogen burn, but wash the inner wall of hydrogen at the same time as the action of im the reaction chamber with the liquid output electric arc heated hydrogen and hydrocarbon. exposed to radiation from the same arc.

According to the German patent specification 1,064,945, the second named patent specification the inner wall of the reaction chamber through a 25 is the heated in the arc burning zone water continuous stream of water or heavy oil in the following reaction zone with the flushed while carrying out the endo- gaseous or vaporous starting hydrocarbon thermal cleavage reaction brought together the amounts of heat required at the far end introduced tangentially by partial combustion of the starting carbon and the reaction zone in one Hydrogen is generated in the reaction space or through a screw movement on the wall of the reaction heated gases are supplied from the outside. zone along the heated hydrogen

Furthermore, the flow is countercurrent to the prior art, followed by the reaction at the other end Patent specification 160 519, Reichspatentamt, branch zone the reaction mixture its movement point Austria, which reverses the better utilization of in the direction and along the central axis of the Reaction space available excess heat 35 rotationally symmetrical reaction zone with increasing amounts for purposes of cleavage, and that of the flow rate in the Nachreaktionsbelgische Patent 544 124 cited, which flows into the zone and is finally quenched, Flow-related guidance of the starting carbon - The hydrogen is hereby hydrogenated in the way and the gaseous used brings that a first partial flow at the top Heat transfer medium in the reaction chamber to the object 4 ° of the arc burning zone tangentially in this and has. further partial currents that evenly circulate the electrodes

According to the one in the Austrian patent specification. enveloping and along it, into the arc-torch 222 625, the hydrogen zone will be introduced. From this kind of heating At high speed durph an arc - the hydrogen is also at the present burn zone driven and made use of in a way of finding light.

arc combustion zone subsequent reaction zone with This invention consists in that at the inflow

Mixed hydrocarbons. The hydrogen ends up in the reaction zone in which it flows through

heats the hydrocarbons, which causes the heated hydrogen in the direction of its flow *

Split occurs. The deterrent of the reactive. Starting hydrocarbon in vapor form

mixture takes place in that the latter blow a partial 50 and the flow rate of the reac-

wise quenching chamber filled with water until it leaves the reaction zone

flows through below upwards. Which increases steadily at the reac- ting, whereupon at the inflow end of the

The water column adjoining the reaction zone must be different from that immediately adjoining the reaction zone

Reaction mixture are carried so that the post-reaction zone of further starting hydrocarbon

Fahr is that with pressure or speed 55 substance in vapor form in the now essentially

fall of the reaction mixture as a result of any borrowed constant Velocity flowing

Disturbances in the gas supply systems cooling water hot reaction mixture across its flow

introduced in the direction of the reaction and arc combustion chamber and the reaction mixture or

can take a long time, leading to the interruption of the vorbekann- cleavage product after leaving the reaction zone

th procedure. 60 is quenched in a manner known per se.

The hydrogen is only available at a single point. The method can also be modified in this way namely along the electrode in the arc, that the flowing hot reaction mixture burn zone directed. Likewise, only one of the first reaction zone is in an immediate and unique one Feed point for the hydrocarbons bar to this adjoining second reaction zone intended. The problem of the most intimate relationship possible is transferred to the inflowing end of which he is in Mixing the hydrocarbons with the heated direction of its flow of further starting carbon-hydrogen is not given here, since this is supplied as hydrogen in vapor form and the strögang hydrocarbon the methane used is steadily increasing anyway,

Claims (1)

whereupon the hydrocarbon exiting from this second reaction zone is quenched all the way through the reaction mixture or cleavage product in a known manner directed towards the reaction space towards the axis of rotation. The executives are generated that can reverse the flow of a post-reaction zone with a rear cross-section with a corresponding increase in the flow. Interconnection of two or more reaction rates up to the exit of the reaction zone is not required. tion mixture from the reaction zone steadily decreasing The steady increase in flow velocities. Each volumetric element of the reaction mixture within the reaction mixture moves essentially on a merition zone by exerting a guiding force in the reaction space. ^; th on the same, which caused a reduction in the flow ισ To cause a particularly uniform distribution of the flow cross-section. vaporous starting hydrocarbon via the It can be used to heat the wall of the reaction chamber, which is supplied in partial flows Hydrogen in the electric arc will, however, be useful when it emerges from it Nm ³ hydrogen 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 5, KiIo- the ring slot, for example by means of guide vanes, ' Watt hours expended. · ■ .-. ····; · ■■ 15 to give a direction around one between O mul ■ ·. The flow rate of the heated water 3O off ⁹ lying angle of the meridian lines serstdffes softens on entry into the first reaction zone. is expediently in the range from about 40 to the outlet opening of the reaction space 400 m / sec laid. It is preferably about a smaller diameter than the following: 60 m / sec,. · · 20 post-reaction space, its diameter in turn The initial carbon, which is brought into vapor form, is smaller than that of the adjoining waste hydrogen and becomes a shock space with a flow velocity. · From about 20 to 400 m / sec into the reaction zone. For hydrocarbons of small size according to the present invention, the first Reäklekulargewicht, such as z. B. methane, one chooses one or more reaction chambers before the speed range from about 100 up to the quenching chamber. Here, from -400 m / sec and for gasoline hydrocarbons, the composition C ₆ H _14, which is immediately in the middle of the quenching chamber, is the reaction chamber preceding the velocity, from the surface line the speed range between about 50 and 150 m / sec. in each case only the part concave to the axis of rotation The device .to carry out the invention applies. According to the method consists of an equiaxed To the introduction of the vaporous output stringing a hydrocarbon in a manner known per se, each reaction space is at its designed arc burner arm, a rotational entry opening with a rotationally symmetrical reaction space, the larger axis of which is perpendicular to the plane, running all around. Diameter of the arc chamber and 35 provided the annular slot. On the wall of the smaller diameter of the subsequent ring slit, which is facing from the flowing hydrogen post-reaction space, and a quenching device that is connected to or from the flowing reaction mixture, there is an in of the cleavage product towards the reaction space. Direction of the flow, also all around ¹ The arc chamber is in its single 4 ° running lip to deflect the beam of the already mentioned in the German patent specification of vaporous starting hydrocarbons 419 and is classified in their essentials. This forces the out of the ring slot Parts adopted unchanged. It is made up of hydrocarbons for dense application from a circular cylindrical, cooled chamber, the wall of the reaction chamber, which thereby open at the bottom and closed at the top by a cover 45 against the formation of carbon deposits, in which the passage openings are protected. Incorporated electrodes and holders for these when two or more are connected in series are arranged. At its upper edge are one-reaction spaces that can respond to a post-reaction flow openings for hydrogen provided, which are dispensed with in space, so that the last re- the arc chamber is to be heated. The 5 ° action room immediately follows the deterrent room. Electrodes are guided through special sleeves, the post-reaction chamber and the quenching chamber the supply of further partial flows of hydrogen are at their inlet openings with a ring enable along the electrodes. slot that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation At the upper edge of the reaction chamber and the plane is provided. Through this one becomes The post-reaction space consists of specially designed traps of additional vaporized initial hydrocarbon ring slits for the introduction of the vaporous substance into the flowing, hot reaction mixture and turned starting hydrocarbon provided. in the other case, the detergent in the flowing The hot fission product resulting from the meridional section in the plane of the ring The surface line of the reaction space is introduced radially into its upper slot. Part concave to the axis of rotation and can after 60 Die to carry out the invention Going through a turning point in their lower process developed device is in the drawing Partly be convex. In the borderline case, i. H. shown schematically at openings, infinitely large radii of curvature, it goes into the. Fig. 1 is a meridional section through one of ' Generating line of a circular truncated cone over. Through the arc chamber, reaction chamber, post-reaction this shape is achieved that on the existing at 65 tion room and quenching room Vorrichoberen Edge of the reaction space from a ring :. tung; slot tangential to the lateral surface of the reaction F i g. 2 is a meridional section through one out space introduced vaporous output ^ arc combustion chamber, a first and a ^; second reaction space as well as a subsequent incorporated circular cylindrical quenching chamber Quenching room existing device. 23, on the entrance side of which the all-round The arc combustion chamber 1 in FIG. 1 is in the ring slot 24 for the introduction of the quenchant essentially limited by the cylindrical drilling in the radial direction into the inflowing hot gap tion of the intermediate product, for example made of copper, is arranged. interchangeable piece 9, with an annular channel 10 for the quenched fission product occurs in the direction Passing through a coolant, for example from the arrow 27 from the device and is now Water, as well as with a supply line 11 and an outlet worked up in a manner known per se,
line 12 is provided for the same. The in Fig. 2 shown embodiment of the : The upper limit is determined by the cover direction and differs from that in FIG. 1 shown Kung 2 formed, through which the electrodes 3 were positioned due to the lack of the post-reaction space carried out and in which they are held (see. The and the use of a further reaction chamber German patent specification 1 168 419). To each elec- 25, which is incorporated in a reactor body 26 and around trode3 remains an annular one, likewise with an annular slot 14 for the tangential one Flow channel 4, through the hydrogen, the electrode 15 feed of vaporized starting carbon enveloping, in the arc combustion chamber 1, provided with hydrogen. In the reaction space 25 will lead. is only the: part of the concave to the axis of rotation : Exploited between cover 2 and the intermediate meridional section. ^: ' Piece 9 is a distributor ring 5 for the introduction of white In this embodiment shown in Fi g. ^ 2 Further hydrogen quantities arranged: the one with a 20 of the device is used in the reaction chamber 25 Ring channel 6 is provided. This is placed first by an introduced ·. "·; Starting hydrocarbon line 7 with a hydrogen source and: by line to protect the wall of the same while outflow openings 8 evenly distributed in a circle, the intimate mixing of vaporous discharge the tangential into the arc chamber 1 single-even hydrocarbons and hot hydrogen first flow out with this in connection. ,. ... _a5 with the entry of the mixture into the second 'The arc chamber 1 follows in the action room 16 begins. The reaction spaces 25 and Direction of flow of the heated hydrogen parts - 16 therefore have slightly different tasks, First, the ring slot arrangement 13 flows, which Es'hat "has proven to be useful in this arrangement for the introduction of the vaporized starting carbon - proved to be about with the starting hydrocarbon Hydrogen in the reaction chamber 16 is used. The 30 of the same flow velocity in the reactor First, to allow the flowing heated hydrogen to enter the eruption space 25 like the hot one the wall 14 of the ring slot arrangement 13 was hydrogen. carries on the side facing the reaction chamber 16 In the drawings, FIGS. 1 and 2 are in place an all-round lip 15> which consists of three electrodes, as is usually the case for this Ring slot 13 emerging stream of the vaporized 35 three-phase system used are required, the The starting hydrocarbon 17 deflects so that, for the sake of clarity, only two electrodes are shown. is placed in a thin layer on the inner wall of the Rea-: The arrangement can, however, if tion room 16 sets. Due to the other power supply conditions already described, also with a Shaping of this inner wall is ensured, other number of electrodes can be carried out "without that this thin layer up to the exit of the reaction 40 that 'thereby on the' method according to the invention tion mixture in the subsequent post-something would change. :. : '■ ::.: reaction chamber 20, minus the chemical conversion ■ / ■ ': ten shares, is essentially retained. : · ■: '. :: - Example ; In the event that the direction of flow of the in '. .-:: .. 45 flowing into the reaction chamber 16 of FIG. 1 in a high-current electric arc, the Starting hydrocarbon not parallel to those in: the water-cooled arc combustion chamber 1 Meridian lines should be in the associated (Fig. 1) ^: between three graphite electrodes 3 burns Ring slot 13 correspondingly inclined control and an electrical power of 5280 kW converts * blades 28 inserted; -. ■■: '· - · -: ·. ■ · :. 1350 Nm ^{3 of} hydrogen are heated up every hour. The reaction chamber 16 is in the, for example 50. The hydrogen is divided into several partial flows consisting of graphite and cooled from the outside, one of which is incorporated along the electrodes 3 of the actuator body 18. > through the inflow channels 4 and 'the remaining portion r, the same applies to the post-reaction space 20 incorporated in the reactor body 19 through the hydrogen feed line 7 into the ring channel 6, the circular distributor ring 5 and from this formed by the cylindrical shape and on the : The inlet side is provided with 55 flow openings 8 in the arc chamber 1 and an all-round annular slot 21, flow: The flow rate of the heated through the further vaporous starting carbon - and partially dissociated hydrogen upon entry of hydrogen, essentially in the radial direction, into: the The average reaction space 16 is approximately 60 m / sec flowing through in the direction of the axis of rotation. ^By: cooled ring slitter hot reaction mixture is retracted. It is 60 13 are: now: Hourly: auch.einer as a starting hydrocarbon But tangential introduction of a vaporous substance 2000 kg vaporous ^gasoline: the Siedeförmigen starting hydrocarbon are nothing limits at 40 and 130 ° C, with a Strö-way. Instead of the ring slot 21, an arrangement can be used in this case of about 80 m / sec substance by means of parts 5, 6, 7 and 8 is described. running lip 15 in connection with the form Following the post-reaction chamber 20, the reaction chamber 16 is followed by the gasoline Direction of flow in the quenching line 22 steam 17 forced to be equal to the hydrogen