DE1205385B - Photographic apparatus with a device for common aperture and distance adjustment - Google Patents

Description

Photographic apparatus with a device for common aperture and distance adjustment Patent supplement: 1083 647 and patent supplement: 1087 900 The present invention relates to a photographic apparatus with a device according to patent 1083 647 and its supplementary patent 1087900.

The subject of the main patent and the additional patent are facilities on photographic equipment to facilitate camera adjustment when taking pictures with artificial light sources, in particular flash sources where the artificial Light source together with the apparatus opposite the subject in the desired Distance is brought. This must ensure a constant exposure of the recording material at all settings to ensure different distances, respectively the aperture setting can be changed accordingly. Subject of the older patents are so-called guide number clutches, in which the aperture when focusing the camera is automatically and inevitably adjusted so that the known guide number condition is fulfilled.

The subject of the main patent 1083 647 is in detail such a device on a photographic apparatus for the common aperture and distance setting for flash photography, the means provided between the outer distance setting element and the lens, which cause the feed movement for focusing the lens when the distance setting element is actuated, as follows are designed that a logarithmic sequence of focussing distances or a logarithmic distance scale on the distance setting element results with respect to the angular positions of the distance setting element, and the distance setting element with the diaphragm setting element also designed with a logarithmic scale can be set directly or by means of a linear coupling gear in several different guide numbers corresponding relative positions , in such a way that when changing the distance setting, the aperture setting is forcibly changed so that the be knew Leitzahlbedingung L = B - E is satisfied for each case set guide number.

The subject of the additional patent 1087 900 is a particularly advantageous embodiment of such a device for use on photographic apparatus, in which the lens advance is effected by means of a pin engaging in a helical guide slot or by means of a cam acting on the frame carrying the lens, whereby according to the invention the first additional patent, the guide slot is cut differently from the usual helical shape or the cam disc is shaped differently from the usual shape of an Archimedean spiral so that the logarithmic distance scale results on the distance setting element, which enables the simpler coupling option according to the main patent.

By the devices according to the main patent and the first additional patent, the camera operation for flash photos at night is simplified in an optimal way. If, in fact, flash exposures are carried out at night, the exposure time can be set permanently from the outset and does not need to be changed when selecting the distance and aperture immediately before the exposure. However, it is different with daylight recordings, in particular color recordings in which flash light is used as an additional light source. Here it is z. * B. often necessary to brighten the shadow side of a close object facing the photographer and thus to reduce the difference in brightness between this shadow side and the rest of the image (contrast range), since it is well known that with the usual color film emulsions a contrast range that exceeds the ratio 1: 4 is not can be mastered. Without such Auffiellung the lights are watered down and the shadows appear tinged in color, so that color photographs in sunlight without additional brightening, especially with side or even back light, are unsatisfactory, if not unusable, for printing purposes.

The best results are achieved with a contrast ratio of 1: 2 or 1: 3 . Then, despite their very limited exposure range, all image parts of the usual (color) recording materials are well drawn. However, such a contrast ratio can only be achieved with certainty by flashing the shadows.

In the device according to the main patent and the additional patent, the aperture is inevitably changed with the distance setting. In the case of daylight flash exposures, the exposure time must therefore be adapted to the resulting aperture setting before taking the photograph, since otherwise all parts of the image except the foreground part that is flashed on would be over- or under-exposed. It is clear that the need to readjust the exposure time before each exposure makes the advantage achieved by coupling the aperture and distance scale again illusory.

By means of the present invention, the principle of one-button operation realized by the earlier patents mentioned for night flash photography is intended for the important application of so-called "mixed" recordings, which is constantly increasing in importance, ie. H. Daylight shots with additional flash light can be expanded.

For this purpose it is provided according to the invention that for use in the case of daylight photos with additional flash illumination, the in trained in a manner known per se with a logarithmic exposure time scale Exposure time setting element which can be coupled to one another with one of the other two Adjusting members for the distance or for the diaphragm can be coupled, such that after making the coupling with setting a shorter distance and accordingly a smaller aperture (larger f-number) the exposure time setting element inevitably adjusts to a correspondingly longer exposure time, and vice versa. The coupling can take place directly or indirectly; it can also be frictional or be form-fitting.

By including the exposure time setting in the clutch the adjusting elements according to the earlier patents ensures that on the one hand the flashlight component that comes into effect through the distance aperture coupling the older patents according to the respective set conductance determined and according to successful coupling is kept constant regardless of the distance adjustment, while the amount of daylight that comes into effect is correspondingly due to the inevitable Adjustment of the exposure time setting element is regulated in such a way that optimally illuminated, printable recordings can be achieved with regard to their contrast range.

The device according to the invention is particularly advantageous in Reports in which the camera is ready for work particularly quickly have to be. The invention enables the reporter for the first time to be unhindered through ongoing calculation and readjustment of the light value in question correct exposure time to take safe snapshots at the right moment, which are ready for printing in terms of their color quality.

When using a device designed according to the invention, the reporter only needs to worry about the sharpness correction in the sun - regardless of whether it is side or back light - if he knows the couplings determined by the prevailing light conditions, the recording material and the type of artificial light used (guide number - and exposure value coupling).

Another advantage arises for the production of clichés in general and for the illustrated press in particular. With the inventive Establishing achievable quality and uniformity of the color templates is the production the different color separations made much easier, the working hours significantly reduced and the quantity of pressure-ready material that will accumulate in the future is significantly reduced can be increased.

Finally, the invention also enables the amateur offset, effortlessly flawless color photos in daylight with artificial light close.

The idea of providing the two types of coupling known per se (so-called guide number coupling between distance and diaphragm setting element on the one hand, so-called light value coupling between diaphragms and exposure time setting element on the other hand) together on one device and relating them to one another is known. A publication in this regard, on the one hand, only contains one problem, insofar as no teaching corresponding to the subject matter and the first additional patent is conveyed for the implementation of a guide number coupling that works for any guide number; on the other hand, the possibility of a simultaneous actuation of both clutches is provided in the mentioned publication for a different purpose, namely to control the distance depending on the aperture (in turn or certain parts of the image are emphasized by focusing against the foreground and background. The use of the three-way coupling for the purpose of one-button operation of the camera for "mixed" recordings, i. H. in the case of daylight photographs with additional flashlight incidence, this publication does not provide information.

The invention is explained in the following description with reference to drawings. F i g. 1 shows a schematic representation of the setting dials of a photographic apparatus designed according to the invention, FIG . 2, J and 4 three different embodiments of the coupling between aperture, distance and exposure time scale in a schematic representation, FIG. 5 and 6 - section and in plan view a device for coupling two concentric rotary parts, F i g. 7 and 8 show a further embodiment of the invention.

F i g. 1 gives an overview of the mutual arrangement of the adjuster used to adjust the lens and the division of their scales. It means: E the distance scale, L the guide number scale, which can be rigidly coupled to this, B the aperture scale and Z the exposure time scale. All four scales are logarithmically divided, with scales E, L and B having the same base length, while scale Z has only half the base length compared to the other scales.

The mutual setting of the scales B and E corresponds to the guide number 32 in the example shown. The dashed line 1 shows the setting of these two scales to the value pair “4 at distance” and “aperture 8” . In this example, the time scale is set in relation to the distance and aperture scale in such a way that the exposure time "1 / .30 sec" is assigned to the pair of values mentioned. If the scales E, B and Z are now coupled to one another in the relative positions shown and the photographer will determine the distance z. B. changed from 4 to 2 in, so the settings of the apertures and the exposure time scale inevitably change so that the device is finally set to the new value triple "2 in, aperture 16, 1 /" sec "indicated by the dashed line 2 is.

How to get from Fig. 1 , the scales are arranged and subdivided in such a way that when they rotate together, the aperture ratio (derived from the focal length divided by the aperture diameter) changes inversely proportional to the distance. Furthermore, the exposure time changes proportionally to the square of the aperture ratio and therefore proportionally to the reciprocal square of the distance.

In the symbolic representations of FIG. 2, 3 and 4 mean the three circular disks Z, E, B which are the ones in FIG. 1 linearly represented logarithmic scales corresponding setting rings for the photographic apparatus. In this embodiment of the invention, the setting rings carrying the scales cannot be coupled to one another directly, but indirectly via special coupling devices 3, 4, 5, which will be described in more detail below. This embodiment of the invention with indirect coupling is preferably used in those apparatuses in which the setting means (setting rings) assigned to the three setting values are spatially separated from one another, for example on different wall surfaces of the camera case. The couplings 3, 4, 5 are each indicated schematically by two concentrically arranged parts a, b , each of which is rigidly coupled to one of the two setting rings assigned to this coupling (shown by connecting lines) and which can be coupled to one another in different positions relative to one another in a rotationally fixed manner .

With regard to the coupling of the logarithmic exposure time scale with the logarithmic distance scale provided according to the invention, there are various possibilities, some of which are shown in the explanations according to FIG. 2 to F i g. 4 are shown by way of example.

In the case of the in FIG. 2, two independent coupling devices 3 and 4 are provided, the inner parts b of which are rigidly coupled to the distance adjustment axis. The coupling 3 connecting the distance ring to the diaphragm setting ring serves as a guide number preselection device.

According to the earlier patents mentioned at the beginning, only the coupling 3 is used for flash photography at night. The guide number corresponding to the relative position of the two parts a, b in which they are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner can for example be read on a guide number scale attached to the outer part a opposite a mark c arranged on the inner part. (The arrangement of the scale and brand could also be selected vice versa.) For day shooting with flash illumination of the invention, according except the clutch 3 nor the clutch 4 is required, namely the Leitzahlkupplung 3 is adjusted according to the relevant for the BlitzlichtaufhelIung the foreground games guide number. For this purpose, the exposure time is set for an arbitrarily selected aperture value so that it corresponds to the exposure value given by the respective recording conditions. Now the coupling 4 is produced in such a relative position of its parts a, b . With regard to the exposure, the camera would now be ready for use, but the photographer still has to take care of the focus setting, whereby the exposure time and aperture setting are inevitably guided by the coupling described, depending on the distance setting, in such a way that the guide number preselected on the coupling 3 and the by actuating the clutch 4 in the manner described, certain exposure values are retained for all settings. However, the exposure value is not displayed, so it cannot be read.

In the case of the in FIG. 3 , two couplings 3 and S ', 5 "are also provided, the inner parts of which are all rigidly coupled to the distance adjustment axis.

The clutch 3 corresponds to the clutch 3 in FIG. 2. It is operated alone for flash photography at night and serves as a guide number preselection device.

The coupling 3 remains uncoupled for daylight exposures with flashlight illumination. The coupling 5, which consists of two interdependent components 5 ' and 5 " , the inner parts of which are both connected to the distance adjustment axis, is used for daylight exposures with flashlight incidence, be it that both are rigidly connected to the distance adjustment axis. that only the inner part of one component is rigidly connected to the distance setting axis and the inner parts of both components are connected to one another. The clutch 5 ' serves as an exposure value preselection device, while the clutch 5 "is actuated in such a relative position of its two parts a, b that one can set aperture value corresponds to the distance setting assigned for the desired guide number. The exposure value preselected on clutch 5 ' and the guide number determined by actuating clutch b are then retained for all distance settings. The guide number is not displayed here and therefore cannot be read.

A particularly advantageous embodiment, in which both the guide number and the exposure value can be preselected and read, is shown in FIG. 4 shown. In this embodiment, the time scale is indirectly connected to the distance scale, via the aperture scale. The guide number can be preselected on clutch 3 and the exposure value on clutch 5. After these couplings have been carried out, the exposure time and the aperture setting are inevitably guided as a function of the distance setting in such a way that the preselected guide number and the preselected exposure value are always retained for any distance setting . This means that as the distance between the camera and the object becomes shorter, the aperture becomes smaller, but the time becomes longer, and vice versa, if the lens is brightened with a flash in daylight photographs.

If only the clutch 3 is actuated, the guide number clutch according to the older patents, which is useful for flash photography at night, is available.

If only the clutch 5 is actuated, the known exposure value clutch between aperture and time setting is obtained.

Of course, in all of the exemplary embodiments described, the camera can be used in the usual way after all the couplings have been released, i. H. with separate adjustment of the three sizes.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, two of the above-mentioned scales can be adjusted by the in FIG . 5 and 6 shown device are coupled to each other in any relative position. On the outside of a wall 6 of a camera housing, two coaxial disks 7 and 8 that can be rotated relative to one another are arranged. The disc 7 is rigidly connected to a shaft 9 which is used to adjust one of the variables of the apparatus, e.g. B. the distance, and the associated scale is used.

The disk 8 , which is rotatable with respect to the disk 7 , is held in its axial position by a grub screw 10. By means of a toothed ring 11 , it engages another toothed ring 12, which is used to set another variable of the apparatus, e.g. B. the aperture is used. The scale corresponding to this variable can either be arranged on the disk 8 and read against a mark 13 or be arranged on the ring gear 12 or one of the parts set by this.

In a recess of the inner disk 7 , a slide 14 is arranged so as to be radially displaceable and has a semicylindrical or spike-like extension 15 . A plurality of recesses or bores 16 that match the shape of the extension are provided in the outer ring 8 . With the aid of a button 17 , the carriage 14 can be moved from its indifferent to its (according to FIG. 5 upper) coupling position, in which it connects the disks 7 and 8 to one another in a rotationally fixed manner.

The carriage can be held in its JE weiligen position 18 by either sufficient friction or by a special ball and existing spring detent device.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 7 shown; Here the setting rings assigned to the three setting variables are arranged concentrically around the lens (not shown), namely the logarithmically divided distance setting ring E on the inside, the diaphragm setting ring B with a logarithmic aperture scale in the middle and the time setting ring Z on the outside, the scale of which is also logarithmically divided. The angular ranges of the individual scales are matched to one another, i. H. The distance and aperture scales have the same base length (in degrees), while the base length of the time scale is only half as large. The scales are in agreement with the one in FIG. 1 , arranged so that, for example, clockwise on the distance scale correspond to increasing distances, on the diaphragm scale to decrease aperture values and to decrease exposure times on the time scale. - Of course, the distance, aperture and time setting rings could also be arranged in a different radial order.

The three rings can be rotated against each other and can be in different Relative positions are releasably coupled to one another.

For this purpose, the distance ring has, for example, a tongue-like projection 26 which is designed so that when the distance scale is rotated against the diaphragm scale it grinds over the latter. A coupling device 27 is guided in this extension 26 , for example a bolt, which can engage in corresponding openings in the diaphragm ring below to produce the coupling and can be pulled out of the latching position against spring tension to release the coupling. By means of a corresponding coupling device 28 , the aperture ring and the time setting ring can be detachably coupled to one another in different relative positions. For this purpose, the aperture setting ring carries a tongue 29 which slips over the time setting ring and in which a bolt is guided which can snap into corresponding holes in the time setting ring.

The respective settings, i. H. the value triple set by the respective position of the three scales can be read from a common mark 30.

In the completely decoupled state (27 and 28 released ), the three settings can be made independently of one another, as with a normal camera.

To produce the guide number coupling between distance and diaphragm setting, which is already protected in the earlier patents, the distance scale is, however, coupled to the diaphragm scale by means of coupling 27. The guide number corresponding to the respective relative position in which the coupling is carried out can be read off directly below the coupling 27 on the diaphragm ring. This guide number scale arranged in the lower half of the diaphragm ring along the locking openings for the coupling pin is in turn necessarily also logarithmic. After this coupling has been carried out, when the focus is set to a certain distance, the diaphragm is necessarily set so that the guide number in question is retained, i.e. That is, the conditions for flash photography at night are met. In Fig. 7 shows the distance-diaphragm coupling for the guide number "24"; the distance setting shown on 3 in corresponds to the aperture »8«; if the distance setting is changed by turning the distance adjustment ring, the aperture adjustment ring is carried along so that, for example, when the distance is set to 6 m, the aperture »4« is automatically set, which corresponds to the guide number »24 " is equivalent to. If, on the other hand, the aperture setting ring is coupled to the time setting ring with the clutch 27 released by actuation of the clutch 28 , depending on the relative position in which the two rings are coupled to one another, the associated exposure value is on an exposure value scale attached to the time setting ring along the locking openings for the clutch 28 read off. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 , the clutch 28 is designed for such an exposure value that the aperture "8" corresponds to an exposure time 1/1 "sec Exposure value is automatically retained.

In order to use this device according to the invention for daylight exposures with artificial light illumination, both clutches 27 and 28 are made effective for the relevant guide number and the relevant exposure value. It is then ensured that the correct values of exposure time and aperture are set for each distance setting. This means that the guide number condition for the artificial light illumination of the foreground areas and the exposure value condition for the daylight illumination of the entire picture and in particular the background areas is fulfilled automatically when taking pictures with a flashlight to maintain a certain contrast ratio in daylight.

Preferably, both the locking portions on the Blendeneinstellrina as are also the ones, which is essential for color photography f arranged on the bezel in small enough intervals to a setting accuracy of V or to allow even 1/4 stops.

In order to achieve the greatest possible setting accuracy, it is desirable to choose the angular range of the scales as large as possible. On the other hand, the basic lengths (in degrees of angle) of the scales must, as already mentioned, be coordinated with one another. In general, the angular range of the scales is limited upwards by the diaphragm scale, since diaphragms can only be controlled over a range of more than 90 ' in rare cases with direct transmission from the setting ring. According to a further embodiment of the invention it is therefore provided to increase the angular range of the diaphragm setting scale by means of a reduction gear.

In Fig. 8 is shown as an example an embodiment as a priori of such an improved diaphragm setting device.

31 denotes the normal diaphragm control ring directly connected to the means for adjusting the diaphragm blades, while 32 represents the ge, compared to 31 stocky diaphragm setting ring, which carries the logarithmic diaphragm scale and is used for setting.

A transmission is arranged between the two, which in FIG. Concentric arrangement of the two rings shown 8 31 and 32 preferably consists of three 120 "staggered tooth pairs of wheels 33, 34, 35th The externally toothed aperture control ring 31 stands in engagement with the smaller gears of the transmission 33 to 35, while the internal gear provided aperture ring 32 corresponding to the larger gear wheels of the gearbox which are angellanscht to the smaller, engages. the three transmission gear pairs 33 to 35 are fixed to the lens housing, for example by screws, respectively. in this way it can be achieved that a rotational range of the inner diaphragm ring of less than 90 ', as is usual in normal aperture control rings, corresponding to the diaphragm setting a correspondingly larger angular range. the aperture scale located on the aperture 32 is thus spread over 31 by appropriate selection of the distance and time scales can be so high. One time achieve accuracy.

Of course, in the apparatus according to the invention, in particular for night flash photography, the aperture scale with the distance scale alone couple. Furthermore, in the case of normal daylight recordings, it can also be known per se Way, the aperture scale can only be coupled with the exposure time scale.

Claims (2)

Claims: 1. Photographic apparatus with a device according to the main patent 1083 647 and its additional patent 1087 900 for common aperture and distance setting for flash photography, the means provided between the outer distance setting element and the lens which, when the distance setting element is actuated, the feed movement for focusing the Effect objective, are designed so that there is a logarithmic sequence of focusing distances or a logarithmic distance scale on the distance setting element with respect to the angular positions of the distance setting element, and the distance setting element with the diaphragm setting element also formed with a logarithmic scale directly or through a linear gear in several Relative positions corresponding to different guide numbers can be coupled in such a way that when the distance setting is changed, the aperture setting is inevitably also changed It is confirmed that the known guide number condition L = B - E is fulfilled for the respectively set guide number, characterized in that the exposure time setting element (Z), which is designed in a known manner with a logarithmic exposure time scale, with one of the two other coupling elements for the distance (E) or for the diaphragm (B) can be coupled in such a way that after the coupling has been established when a shorter distance and, accordingly, a smaller diaphragm opening have been set, the exposure time setting element inevitably sets itself to a correspondingly longer exposure time, and vice versa. 2. Photographic apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the exposure time setting element (Z) can be coupled to the diaphragm setting element (B). 3. Photographic apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the exposure time scale and the aperture scale are arranged in opposite directions so that after coupling of distance, aperture and time when setting a shorter distance and a corresponding to the guide number coupling smaller aperture, the exposure time setting member inevitably aui a correspondingly longer exposure time is set. 4. Photographic apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the base length of the logarithmic time scale is half as large as the base length of the logarithmic aperture scale. 5. Photographic apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the exposure time setting member (Z) can be coupled to the other setting member in question to be connected to it for distance or for the diaphragm in different relative positions which each correspond to different exposure value settings. 6. Photographic apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the respective relative position in which the exposure time setting member is coupled to the relevant other setting member, on two concentric, mutually rotatable parts (a, b) of the coupling device (4; S '; 5) is displayed. 7. Photographic apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the exposure value corresponding to the respective relative stillings is displayed on the coupling device (4, 5 ', 5). 8. Photographic apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that coupling devices are provided for coupling the adjusting members, which have two concentric rotatable parts (a, b; 7, 8) which are rotatably connected to the adjusting members via gear parts or directly in the Are engaged, wherein in the coupled state of the coupling device a radially projecting extension (15) of a slide (14) which is radially movable in one part (7 ) engages in one of several recesses (16) in the other part (8) , each of these recesses corresponds to a certain relative position of the coupled adjustment members. 9. Photographic apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a reduction gear is provided in a known manner for spreading the adjustment range available on the outer diaphragm setting member between the outer diaphragm setting member (32) and the inner diaphragm control ring (31) controlling the diaphragm blades. Printed publications under consideration: Deutsche Ausglegeschrift Z48991X / 57a (published on March 8, 1956). Older patents considered: German Patent No. 1098 354.