DE1297561B - Method and device for sorting or classifying grainy solids in flowing liquid - Google Patents

Description

Difficulties in such separations often arise from the fact that mixtures of granular Solids particles of different densities, however

Difficulties arise e.g. B. in the separation of mixtures of fine aggregates, such as Sand or coal or tungsten and cassiterite.

The present invention is based on the observation that rock grains, which are in a liquid stream be taken, hike at speeds proportional to their weights

contain approximately the same size, so that an effective mixture of the particles to be separated is in the same separation by sieving is impossible. Such a flow of water initiated so as to be a standing one

To create a zone of turbulence in which the separation takes place. The lighter particles are entrained downstream and the heavier particles are 15 taken along on the moving floor of the line. A separation takes place in this known Device only incomplete.

The invention consists in that the solid-liquid mixture free and laminar on one

are, and that they flow out to the bottom of the stream in an absent-flat, essentially horizontal surface where it can be lowered onto the surface of the form and then a lateral, if possible laminak, in which the current is located, let it be a natural one, the speed of which is adjustable river or an artificial canal, a channel exposes a flow of liquid, whereby a multiplication or a line. Once they have settled, the vertebral zones that are formed in standing vertebral zones expand the grains form transverse ribs, as solid dunes beyond a certain number each of which forms a small dune of grains, and the solid dunes either which are continuously superimposed. Sometimes played intermittently or continuously the grains move in a salto-like motion.

further, in which a grain over a short distance prevents the multiplication of the dunes

voltage jumps, drops temporarily and then again 30 can be achieved in one of the two following ways

will:

1. by slowing down or stopping the flow of liquid or

2. by uninterrupted movement of the surface in its own plane.

continues.

An observation of this phenomenon reveals that
Particles of the same size but different
Weight, moving at different speeds
move, the lighter particles move 35
faster than the heavier ones, and that changes in
the current to different dune shapes
to lead. A gradual or intermittent one

It can further be shown that a water process for processing successive filling flows high speed vertically on 40 lungs of mixtures of heavy and light grades meets flat, horizontal surface, near the nulate can control the dune multiplication, and Point of impact a fast moving film either using option 1, or a layer of water that forms radially during a continuous process from the spreads over the surface and then in a zir- possibility 2 can make use of how that further collapses in a zone of turbulence, which is to be described in greater detail below, standing vortex zone, standing wave or as hydraulic while the particles are exiting the lateral stream Jump is known. Outside this zone, the one located upstream can be placed the water spreads more calmly. Is granules in dune by perpetual or recurring Contained in the stream, it forms a ring-shaped stir, destroying all particles lightly To expose rib or dune of solids in the range of 50 material that are in bulk of heavy standing wave. If this material is a mixture of particles that have been embedded, of particles with different densities, so that in the embodiment of the invention one leaves

that those of greater density are left behind, while the mixture is in the center of the area than vertically those of lesser density across it - downward jet of water or a raise and flow out a second annular dune in stream 55 other suitable liquid so that it direction behind the first dune. Depending on which extends radially over the surface, initially in a lamina kind of the materials contained in the mixture ren flow. This radial laminar flow can the separation will be complete, or the degree mung will then break in a concentric, circular, the separation can change. Usually it has standing vortex zone together and creates one the heavy part has a concentration of 100%, while the inner or upstream circumferential dune rend the less dense part from a part from heavy particles and an outer or stream-mud and small particles of the heavy part downhill annular dune consists of light par. articles. The current can move without a fixed

The present invention makes parts of this to continue through to the inner ring of easy descriptors Phenomenon use to light of 65 constituents is free, then the two dunes in heavy particles of approximately the same size are passed by two receptacles to be separated by interrupting a dune from both below the vertical ray and the dunes generated conditions. The first or in opposite directions by means of a vertical

3 4

len, ring-shaped curtain of clean liquid then from a part of the lighter particles, and washed with it that on the area between the inner dunes consist of a part heavier meets both dunes. Particles. The respective pairs of dunes can

Recombined for a given flow rate.

of the water are the diameters of the rings con- ^{5 The} nature of the surface, which the parti-

stant, but they depend to a certain extent, which no one carries during the separation process, is not

Type of area. The flow speed is significant. Changes in the coefficient of friction of the

depends on the diameter of the nozzle line, but on the area lead to changes in the spatial

the water level and the gap between the mouth lent separation of the dunes.

the nozzle line and the surface. Too little «The invention also relates to device

Gap creates a valve effect, which lines the flow to carry out the invention

decreased. As long as the gap is larger than a certain classifying or sorting process,

is the minimum value, the diameters of the ring-shaped

Migen dunes essentially independent of the gene are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

Gap size, however, the flow is at smaller »5 Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a

Gap sizes more even. Will the feeding of first embodiment;

solid parts interrupted, the water jet with the F i g. 1A is a top plan view of a portion of FIG

same flow speed, however, upright machine according to FIG. 1;

received, the ring-shaped dunes reach the F i g. 2 clarifies the function of the machine

Solid body has a maximum diameter, the 20 according to FIG. 1;

Separation between the rings depending on Fig. 3 is a cross section along a through

the nature of the solid is variable. knife of a second embodiment;

By selective reduction or by decrement. 4 is a perspective view of the ma

close parts of the annular gap between the machine according to FIG. 3, with parts broken away

the mouth of the nozzle line and the surface can be ^a 5, and in which the parts are shown in a different position, the geometrical arrangement of the dunes changed * '^J;

will. In the same way, a change in FIG. Fig. 5 is a schematic, perspective angle a third embodiment of the machine sees between the axis of the nozzle and the surface, to a corresponding change in the geometrical In the F i g. 1 and 1A is the area through a see arrangement lead. A nozzle line, whose 3 ° upper horizontal strand 10 is an endless trans-axis formed with an angle different from 90 ° to the portbandes, that with constant speed surface runs, but whose mouth surface is driven evenly and moves in the direction of an arrow Everyone! to the parting surface, creates an egg-shaped 11 moves. The upper run 10 is from a flat Dune pattern, while a nozzle cross-section, underlie the support plate 12, essentially is not round, a standing vortex zone or wave 35 over the entire length of this strand. The support plate forms, which in relation to the shape of the nozzle opening 12 is held by a frame 13 which consists of tion stands. These conditions result in additional longitudinal and transverse, rectangular tubes Possibilities for the control of the separation process exist, their cavities in connection with each other process. stand and thus form a continuous chamber. at

In another embodiment of the invention, in each connection of a pair of tubes, the mixture to be classified is welded onto a continuous bearing plate 14, partly in order to be guided while moving tape which reinforces the separating connection, however mainly, represents area over which at least one perpendicular to anchor points for the support plate 12 to bil-fluid jet is built, which when it hits. A hole 15 is drilled into each bearing plate 14, and an initially laminar flow 45 which is aligned with a hole 16 in the support plate 12 is generated on the belt surface. This beam creates two essentially parallel dunes which open into the hollow frameworks 13 and can be separated by a flexible conduit 18 in one way. not shown air source with relatively low

In a further embodiment of the invention, pressure is connected.

the mixture to be classified is continuously as 50 or turbidity due to a vertical or struc- ture is the following:

inclined nozzle fed in, which creates a jet of the sludge The conveyor belt is moved in the desired position

on the tape. The mixture is driven so in the speed, so that the upper strand

The resulting initial radial laminar flow 10 runs over the surface of the support plate 12. Above

The air supplied via the surface of the conveyor belt to the connection 17 fills the hollow

keep. Frame 13 with low pressure and escapes

It is advantageous, two or more successively through the holes 15 on the bearing plates 14 and the Lowering rays close to each other above the aligned holes 16 in the support plate 12, Tape surface to provide both the spatial and eventually it escapes between the plate and as well as the qualitative separation of the particles to 60 the underside of the upper run 10, so that an air freshener. Each dune can then continue to have a camp over at least the greater part of the district speaking, perpendicular beam from the support plate 12 is formed. That way will that is between the two dunes due to the friction of the conveyor belt on the support plate Meets belt surface. On the contrary, the rays are very diminished.

set directions directed to both the other 65 The conveyor belt runs over a drive roller

to increase spatial separation of the main dune than 20, a guide roller 21 and an air roller 22

also further to subdivide each dune, so to two below the drive roller 20. drive wheels and

Dunes will. The two outer dunes consist of belts 23 drive the shaft of the

5 6

Drive roller 20. A belt 24 runs under a water washed away from the conveyor belt returning strand 25 of the conveyor belt and is. Fine, light particles, usually called »recaptures Liquid and everything that stands up from it are identified in the collecting strand drains and leads it into a drain 26. The trough 60 is collected, and the larger and heavier ones total of the parts 12, 13, 14 arranged particles, which are usually referred to as "medium good" tion, the conveyor belt assembly with the parts are collected in the collecting trough 61, 10, 20 to 26 and the one to be described above where they are required for subsequent use or requirements Arrangement will be available in the form of an arm from a foot.

27 held. F i g. 2 shows a schematic representation only

The remaining arrangement mentioned consists of an essential part of the machine of FIG. 1. The main feed device 30 for the solids mixture M to be separated is placed in the hopper 41 for the solids mixture and for water or another time at the same time as water from the tank 37, processing liquid (the following for the sake of reasons - here for reasons of Convenience as line 37a, which is always shown as water for the sake of simplicity, is supplied, so that a turbidity is removed), and it also consists of a Unteranord- 15. The feed quantity of the solid components and voltage 31 from separating nozzles. The main input device for water is preferably set so that at tion has a water tank 32 with an initially condensed outlet line 43, a turbidity is generated which has a constant storage height and which, with inlets 33 and approximately 17 to 20 ^fl / o, contains solid constituents . There filling hoppers 34 with adjustable overflows 35 round, however, other parts can also be used. around the edges of their conical containers. 20 When the pulp touches the surface of the upper run outlets 36 at the bottom of the water tank 32 with the 10 con of the conveyor belt, it spreads radially constant water level supply separate, flow in all directions, like the tank 37 and stabilizing by the arrows L 38. Each hopper 34 is indicated, namely the slurry initially feeds a common overflow line 39. The Hch in a laminar flow of water to tanks 32, 37 and 38 are on a common 25 outside. In the zone R , this laminar flow breaks the lower frame 40, which collapses at the foot 27, and a turbulent flow is formed. formation in the form of a standing vortex zone. the

The tank 37 has a filling funnel 41, in the radial velocity of the water the solid mixture to be separated suddenly decreases at the same time, and the water accumulates to a wave profile of the water flow from the tank 37 via a 30 and spreads is then entered further over the turbulent adjustable overflow 42 similar to the overflows 35 zone R addition with a slow and decreasing rate. The opening of an outlet pipe 43 increases the speed. If that of the strand 10 from the hopper 41 were to be stationary just above the area formed, the turbu surface of the upper strand 10 of the transport lente zone R would be circular and of constant radius band. 35 as long as the task conditions remain constant

The tank 38 contains a filling funnel 41. However, since the conveyor belt moves into speaking funnel 44, which moves with an adjustable direction of arrow 11, the circular overflow 45 and an outlet line 46 is provided, pattern disturbed, and only short circular arcs at the opening with a small gap over the ends of the transverse diameter D , the surface of the upper run of the conveyor belt 40 remains essentially circular. Before (relative to the Beweliegt. This funnel 44 leads processing water supply of the strand 10) the outlet line 43 is to, as will be described in more detail below. Shape of the standing wave jR over a large

The position of the two outlet lines 43 and 46 is flattened circular arc, which is symmetrical to the co-fixed in relation to the center line of the upper run 10, tell line C of the moving parting surface of the and it is fixed in relation to one another, but is a 45 run 10. Further downstream of this, fine adjustments are made to elongate the contours by means of adjusting screws 47 and 48, these distortions being made impossible, which are held in end flanges 49 and 50 on the essentially trigonometric functions of the subframes 40. These adjusting screw conveyor belt speeds are, ben press on the respective tanks 37 and 38, and In the turbulent zone .R are heavy particles

to accommodate the necessary fine adjustment movement 50 deposited in the form of a dune, while less gen is each outlet 36 with a flexible part 51 heavy particles jump over this dune Mistake. and in a similarly contoured

The sub-assembly 31 of nozzles consists of th dune settling. Since the surface of the run has two pairs of nozzles 52 and 53, each moving to 10, these dunes form into tracks, cross bars 54 and 55 are held. These in turn, which extend parallel to the axis C of the strand 10 from the um, are fastened to a longitudinal rod 56 which, with ends of the transverse diameter D ₁ , extend one end to the subframe 40 and with it. A larger arc further away from its other end at an end frame 57 at the outlet line 43, however, the dunes are fortified. The nozzles are compressed for processing and the turbulence is increased, which supplies water to be served via hoses 58 and 60 leading to a lateral separation of the solids to the ends with respect to position and angle at their respective of diameter D ₁ . Adjustable crossbars are formed. lent uniform conditions imposed by the

Along each side of the frame 13 are the collection velocity of the laminar radial flow, the troughs 60 and 61 (in Fig. 1 only one of them is seen - composition of the mixture and the wanderbar) attached, the open mouths of sections 65 speed of the strand surface 10 determined of the strand 10 of the conveyor belt cover to are.

so to absorb material from the outlet behind the outlet pipe 43 the dunes remain in

let line 46 or the nozzles 52 and 53 flow out - largely unseparated, because of the distance

7 8

The very light particles remaining under the influence of the deposited particles are more concentrated in the laminar flow before they become uniform, but the concentration of the web ^ 4 ₂ is possible. This is unaffected, since the less dense constituents are in separate material in FIG. 2 denoted by S. A train ₁ is pushed in toward the center

The funnel 44 will be 5 with water from the tank 38 and thus reunite with the single central path (indicated in FIG. 2 by the line 38a) A _2.

fed and directs water through its outlet pipe As shown in FIG. 1 can be seen more than one

46 on the surface and thus forms a distorted, turbu- pair of opposing separating rays can be used lente zone T with a pattern identical in the plane. A second one such as that generated by the outlet line 43 can also or additionally be used. As soon as the filling funnel is arranged behind the funnel 44, the first particles deposited in zone 5 are subjected to them, so that the paths A ₁ and B _{1 reach} a further turbulent zone T , they begin to be subjected to a separation effect. The heap least, and it forms a same lateral compacting, particles migrate the density port tape as the α by arrows 60 and 61a are in ren particles less than the less dense over the edge of Trans pitch as behind the outlet 43. 15 F i g. 1 is indicated, and then moved into the collecting troughs 60 particles so that they reinforce the dense dune path and 61 (see Fig. 1) for medium and residue, which is formed from the dense particles at the ends of the transverse is that formed from the dense particles material

Diameter D ₁ begins. The less dense par- still too strongly interspersed with less dense particles begin to congregate in this path too, so the path can return again or mine, as soon as it is passed through another similar machine progressively under the input Flow coming out of the outlet line 46 will,
they are led to the outer limit of the path. From the preceding description it follows that

If in the course of time the first deposits that it is with a single, according to F i g. 1 construction of particles in the unseparated zone S by the th machine is possible to produce three types or fractions of a common effect of the flow from the outlet 25 from an initial mixture. An instruction 46 and the movement of the strand 10 to the enrichment of each product can further be carried out by the rear outer ends of the transverse diameter guide of the same alone, if necessary, D ₂ of the laminar produced by the outlet line 46 with a change in the conveyor belt speed, flow patterns have been transported, so granular storage height at the funnels 41 and 44 or men the partially formed dune tracks under the 30 change of the gap between the outlet line 43 full influence of the effect of the standing vortex zone or the outlet line 46 and the strand surface or wave, so that the separation of the particles 10 or by changing any combination. The result is two different and this parameter.

concentrated dune tracks of dense particles A and The angle between the axis of the outlet duct

less dense particles B ₁ out, the degree 35 43 or the outlet line 46 or between both of the physical separation varies from zero to one and the area of the strand 10 can be made variably finite distance, which can be varied by different, resulting in changes in the pattern which leads to factors including the surface dune layout. It has already been indicated, the nature of the strand 10 and the properties that the flow from the orifices through adjusters of the components of the mixture, including density 40 development of the gap between each of them and the crystal form. Strand surface 10 is controllable. It is therefore advantageous

If the dune tracks of the particles A ₁ and stick, if each outlet line 43 or 46 both in B ₁ with the conveyor belt away from the influence of the axial direction and with respect to the angular radial flow from the outlet line 46 moves to the perpendicular to the Strand surface 10 conditions, they come under the influence of the flow 45 is adjustable. The manner in which each funnel is held from the nozzles 52. These are adjusted so that they and the adjustment of the outlet conduit can be done in up or near the dividing line between the conventional ways.

dunes formed by the particles A ₁ and B _1. In addition, one or both of the funnels 41

Direct on the conveyor belt and the same flow and 44 are replaced by pipes that create the Mischunmungsbilder as those that are built up by the 50 gene of centrifugal pumps with constant head discharge line 43 and a radial flow or other constant pressure feeder-generating outlet line 46 will. When delivering services. The tank 32 and its associated dune tracks, the standing waves from the each hopper 34 can then be omitted. Reach such a temporary nozzle, they are divided, so that a modified embodiment allows the particles A ₁ to move towards the center of the transport 55 greater speed range of the laminar belt and the less dense particles B ₁ of flow.

move away from the center. The separation process is extremely quick and easy

The setting of the nozzles 52 in the transverse plane allows the dense particles A ₁ to be centered in a small fraction of a second. The particle density per unit area of the len web A _{2 are brought} together while the 60 conveyor belt is an important factor that both webs B _{1 are} moved outwards towards the edges of the conveyor belt speed and of the conveyor belt, so that they are at the feed speed is affected. If the wide spaced webs B ₂ from less accumulation is too dense, the lateral separation of the dense particles will form. At this stage of the process, components are not made sufficiently. There is also a slight further separation of the parti- 65 because an optimal setting for different values does not occur in each dune path. If that is the case, working conditions. Once set so that the webs B _{2 are} with the less dense, these conditions can very easily be maintained because of the loss of any particles.

9 10

The small lateral spacing of the tracks A ₁ and runs radially outwards in an extremely thin B ₁ with low and high density makes it very flow over the entire angular range of difficult to spread it further with a water jet to 360 °. The flow breaks at a disconnect. If a flow of water meets a flat surface, at the correct radial distance from the discharge nozzle, there is always a flow of water backwards from the 5 together and forms an annular standing point of impingement. As a result, a large wave of which the denser particles in the form of a jet is used to deposit the light minerals to the annular dune 91. If the sides of the conveyor belt are to be washed, there is a risk in the machine according to FIGS. 1 and 2 that this backflow will stir up deposited minerals, continuing the heavy radial flow beyond the standing wave. This difficulty is the flow in the area of the ring 71. is reduced by the use of a very large transfer belt and decreases, the less dense attachment belt speed to reduce the number of parts in one or more further concentric article density being avoided, whereby the Set down a depression between dunes, as it is scanned, for example, with 92 two paths, possibly with one drawn. The water and any photocell devices working fast in it. These 15 contained particles flow on until they reach the sensing device an extremely fine water outer edge of the ring 71, where they lead into the jet, the very low flow of which is sufficient to move trough 80 together with the entrained particles to move the light particles and to enlarge the distance from normally undesirably light material sufficiently so that (sludge) fall, in the large collecting plate 86, a larger jet of water is collected a little further in the direction of the conveyor belt and is introduced from there through the outlet 87 in the direction of travel of the conveyor belt will. The machine is adjusted so that it can be. the heavy goods dune 91 just inside the estuary

The F i g. 3 and 4 of the drawings show an inter- nal annular grommet 90 is formed. centrally operating machine, in which the horizontal While the heavy material dune 91 is formed

tale surface from a central disc 70 and a 25 expediently by hand or mechanically concentric ring 71 is constructed. The disc is stirred up with the help of a squeegee, which is placed on a ring and the ring usually lie in a common-shaped path that wanders. Such a squeegee is in the seed plane and form a continuous surface F i g. 4 and 5 and consists of one arm 72 on which the separation takes place, however, is the 93 which is above and parallel to. the surface 72 central disc 70 lies vertically on a rod 73 30 and carries a number of prongs'94 which easily Coaxially displaceably supported in a guide sleeve 74 over the surface of the cutting disc. It's at the bottom of a limp. The arm is held by a sleeve 95 which and a reciprocating mechanism which sits concentrically on the feed pipe 88 and long one Lever 75 consists, which by means of a pivot bearing sam by any suitable, not shown 76 is mounted on a solid support. The central 35 mechanism is rotated. Is sufficient Disk 70 slides in a cylindrical wall 77, the amount of mixture introduced into the ring conveyor shape the inner edge of the concentric ring 71, dunes 91 and formed from the particles carries and is open at its lower end and separated with a 92, the task of the turbidity is via the Outlet line 78 is connected for the heavy cargo. Feed pipe 88 interrupted and the arm 93 connected abutting edges of the disc 70 40 hold. The central disc 70 is then on their and the ring 71 are beveled, lowered around a fixed rod 73 (Fig. 4) and a water curtain Seat and uniform flatness of the discs are supplied via the double-walled grommet 90. water Ensure surfaces 72 when the disc 70 hits in the zone between the dunes 91 and 92 is fully raised. the surface 72, which is essentially free of par-

The outer edge of the ring 71 is of a 45 article, and spreads evenly radially conical inner wall 79 of a ring-shaped outside and inside. The radially outward directed Trough 80 held, the outer wall 81 of which flow has a sufficient speed, is cylindrical. The trough 80 has a narrow flat around the less dense particles to the outside Base 83, which at intervals of holes through the outer edge of the fixed ring 11 in the trough broke is. Each hole can be carried by a pin 84 50 20, where it is over the holes (controlled by (Fig. 3) are closed. The trough is in turn derived from the possibly provided pins 24) surrounded by a wall 85, which can be on one end. The radially inwardly directed baffle plate 86 sits, which with an outlet 87 for the mung takes the heavy particles inside slight proportion is provided. the inner edge of the solid ring 71 into the wall

Coaxially above the disk 70 is with a small 55 training 77 with. Some particles will be down on it stood from the surface 72 a feed tube 88 to the withdrawn disc 70 washed while Suspended initiation of the solid pulp. The other on the floor of the chamber through the free feed tube 88 carries a certain amount of the slurry gap between the wall 77 and the outer one will fall onto the disk 70 in a radial laminar flow edge of the disk. To the establishment mung. Concentric to this outlet nozzle is a 60 to clean, a water flow can over the on-ring main 89 arranged vertically above the zone, transfer tube 88 can be introduced, or it can also be the which the dune tracks with the heavy and the disc 70 on their rod 73 are rotated. All light share separates. Their flexible, double-walled heavy material particles are discharged via the separate spout 90 and open close to the surface 72.

In operation, the disc 70 is in its upper position. 65 If the surface 72 is cleaned, the raised position in which it is aligned with the ring 71, disc 70 in its upper position (FIG. 3) and the turbidity will be in the center of the surface, and the process described will be repeated. directed. The turbidity hits the surface and

Correct amounts of particles from mixed materials processed and the heavy cargo portion of that lighter fraction, regardless of actual or relative particle size.

The amount and degree of separation achieved can be determined by the amount of separation through the feed pipe 88 introduced turbidity are set, and all particles carried along, which are lighter than the less dense portion that forms the outer dune 92 can be completely separated by removing it from the lateral Electricity can be taken into the trough 80. It can thus be a three-part separation of the initial Mixture can be achieved.

The machine shown in Fig. 5 is a progressive cutting device which essentially same as the machine according to FIG. 1 is apart from the fact that the mixture of particles is dry - e.g. B. not as a slurry - on the upper run 10 of the horizontal conveyor belt 100 in the form of a dune track 101 is given near a side edge of the conveyor belt. The starting mixture has thus the consistency of a paste made up of liquid and the ground individual mineral components exists and via a pipe, e.g. B. via a cyclone, a flushing device or a drainage device, is given. Next to and parallel to this edge is a feed line 102 for water or another processing liquid, and three separation nozzle lines 103, 104 and 105 extend horizontally in the direction onto the conveyor belt, with their mouths reaching different distances on the strand surface 10 of the conveyor belt, with increasing length in the direction of movement 11 of the conveyor belt, protrude. In each separating nozzle line are valves 103 α, 104 a and 105 a to adjust the strength of the side Current that is passed from each pipe to the strand 10 transversely to the direction of movement.

After the primary orifice lines are secondary orifice lines 106 and 107 and a concentration nozzle line 108, each set by valves 106 a, 107 α and 108 a will.

The same feed line (not shown) as the feed line 102 runs parallel to the opposite one Edge of the conveyor belt 100 and feeds the secondary separation nozzle lines 109 and

110 in opposite directions to lines 106 and 107, and a concentration nozzle line 111 in opposite directions line 108. All are controlled by respective valves 109a, HOa and purple.

Behind the concentration nozzle lines 108 and

111 unloads the conveyor belt 100 onto two subsequent conveyor belts 112 and 113, from which the conveyor belt 112 is relatively narrow and symmetrical to and in the same direction with the The conveyor belt 100 lies, while the conveyor belt 113 runs transversely to the direction of the conveyor belt 100. The strand surface 10 of the conveyor belt 100 must at least in the area of the zone between the primary separation nozzle line 103 and the concentration nozzle lines 108 and 111 as planar Surface, and this zone can advantageously be provided by a smooth friction surface (not shown) or carried on jets of air or liquid. However, the level can be total are curved. Behind the concentration nozzle lines 108 and 111, however, the conveyor belt rise or fall, as is the case for the transport of the separated material to the subsequent ones Conveyor belts 112 and 113 is cheap. Although the flatness of the strand surface 10 of is of primary importance, the quality and general inclination are no less important Meaning. So z. B. the surface of the strand 10 be smooth and polished or smooth and unpolished. the Surface can be rough or with corrugations or grooves

ίο or provided with sharp incisions of a size and type that favor the desired formation of standing waves and the deposition of particles.
In operation, the conveyor belt 100 runs continuously at a regulated speed and the mixture is continuously fed onto the conveyor belt as a wet or dry dune 100. The various valves 103 α. When the web 101 enters the standing wave formed by the first primary separating nozzle line 103 at point 104, separate dunes 121 and 122 begin to form. If the material migrates past the second and third primary separation nozzle lines 104 and 105, further separation - and lateral movement - of the dune tracks occurs at points 115 and 116. In either case, the process can be repeated as often as the machine allows until the desired degree of particle separation is achieved. In the meantime, excess water is drained over the opposite edge of the conveyor belt 100, either with or between the dunes of the solids.

At point 117 the light material dune 122 enters the outlet area of the first secondary separating nozzle line 106, so that a further separation into two dune tracks 122 a and 121 b takes place, the first of which contains the less dense particles that were initially excreted by the primary separating jets and the latter of which contains all of the dense particles that may have been entrained at the primary separation stages. Since these dense particles usually consist predominantly of particles that are close to the value at which the separation occurs.

go occurs, a different jet velocity and / or mass flow rate may be required at that point, different from that used in the primary separation stages. In the same way, the dense particles in the path 121 arrive at 117 α in the outlet area of the first opposite, secondary separating nozzle line 109, and this outlet area is set in the same way as that of the separating nozzle line 106 in order to separate the heavier fraction from the light fraction of the To effect particles or to excrete those particles of the light fraction which have remained embedded in the web 121 of the heavy particles. These precipitated particles form a web 121 b of the secondary light particles.

The rest of the heavy particles remain in the path 121 α with the heavy particles.

Another secondary separation may occur at points 118 and 118 a, where the two dune

Paths 122fl and 122 & with the slight share in the outflow area of the separating nozzle lines 107 and 110 . The separation resulting in this way will normally be insignificant, and the main effect of this cross flow will usually be a lateral displacement of the tracks 122a and 122 & in the direction of the respective edges of the conveyor belt 100 .

Finally, the webs 121 'and 121 engage with the dense particles at 119 and 119' in the outflow region of the concentration of nozzle lines 108 and Ul. The particles are moved laterally and brought together in a single dune track 121c made of heavy particles. This eventually resulting sheet is then discharged onto the running in the same direetion narrow conveyor belt 112th

In the meantime, the two tracks 122 a and 122 b formed from the less dense particles, added to both sides of the Schwergutdüne 121c on the transverse conveyor belt 113th

As already noted, the speed of the conveyor belt 100 can be adjusted depending on the requirements in a specific mode of operation, as is also the case for the throughput rates for the individual nozzle lines. The nozzle lines can be formed by flexible hoses which, in an optimal position along the conveyor belt 100 at an optimal height and with an optimal inclination, machine according to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing performed.

1. Sand-coal mixture

A sample of sand containing approximately 2% coal was placed in the hopper 41 of the machine filled; the sample was analyzed as follows:

Particle size Permitted Percentage Amount product Sand (%) task Coal (»/ ο) 100 (mm) (%) 100 99.5 4.8 100 92 98.8 2.4 99.5 62 95.0 1.2 98.8 39 86.5 0.6 94.4 32 73.3 0.42 87.7 27 55.0 0.35 76.1 23 24.8 0.30 63.0 18th 9.9 0.21 35.9 12th 3.1 0.15 16.5 6th 1.0 0.10 8.4 2 0.5 0.06 5.2 1 0.05 4.4

The coal concentration in the remaining sand was found to be less than

can be clamped. The nozzles of the Leltun-30 was reduced by 0.053%. A separation of these bridges consist of preferably long, narrow components with the above-mentioned initial conformation, which is a transverse, oval, laminar
Generate flow patterns.

Instead of the concentration nozzle lines 108

35 centering of the input material proved to be impossible with other methods.

and 111 (or possibly also the separating nozzle lines 107 and 110) , solid metal sheets can also be used in order to separate or merge the webs, as required in each case. In addition, a set of fixed teeth can be hung over strand 10 to mechanically stir webs between any pair of separation nozzles.

The conveyor belt 100 can be placed in a tank and submerged for part of its way where it is exposed to a transverse current of water that removes fine debris or serves some other treatment purposes.

The degree of graduation of the nozzles on the various lines varies from mixture to mixture to be different. By using the flexible hoses the setting of the machine is depending on the fed-in material.

Heavy fraction large grains come first

2. Diamond bearing sand

A sample of diamond bearing sand was passed through the machine once and a separation performed. All diamonds were found in the concentrate, none in the residues.

3. Rutile-silica mixture

Rutile (titanium ore) is difficult to separate hydraulically from silica because of its high Smoothness of the particles, which makes them behave like silica. Samples of rutile a strong one Concentrations of about 30% in silica were passed through the machine. After the first Throughout the run, the concentration of rutile in the dense component was found to be approximately 85%.

4. Tungsten concentrate

A sample of tungsten concentrate was taken from a tin mine in Cornwall. A white

come to rest and can be diverted from the conveyor belt after the first 55 tere reduction in the tin content was with the in beam. Large equipment used in the pit and applied grains of light material will then not make procedures impossible. The sample contained 38% agitation, since the depth of the water is insufficient, WO ₃ and 1 (Wo Sn, moreover deaf rock materials to cover them, and they can advantageously be separated from materials such as silicates, rock mica and arsenic pyrite (Femechanically, while the smaller 60 Component 25%).
Grains are washed out between them. During a series of tests, a product

Small grain sizes of both types are usually sufficiently small to be without settling Conveyor belt being washed away, and yet

65 which contained 68.78% WO ₃ and 2.99% Sn.

If the currents are sufficiently different, they can be washed off separately and transported to different drains.
The following experiments were carried out at a further experimental data were obtained by measuring and further processing the <0.15 mm portion. A concentrate, a medium and residues were removed; the medium was returned to the separator and the four products sieved at 0.10 mm and analyzed. Which he-

The results, based on the increase in the proportion of tungsten, are:

mm

<0.10
> 0.10

<0.10
> 0.10
<0.10
> 0.10

<0.10
> 0.10

Tungsten,
° / o WHEREs

66.78
66.20

62.67
54.70
48.30
45.20

38.17
35.50

Pewter stone,
% Sn

Primary concentrate

Mittelgut Mittelgut residues

Primary residues

These figures show that there is a trend in tungsten towards the finer constituents and in tinstone too the coarser components is present. To explore this further, a sample of the <0.15mm ~ material divided at 0.10 and 0.06mm. The processing result was:

%> Tungsten ° / o pewter stone concentrate <0.06 mm 67.46 4.82 <0.10 mm 65.22 3.05 <0.15mm 56.62 10.00 Medium good <0.06mm 33.18 16.14 <0.10 mm 44.00 4.65 <0.15 mm 32.97 17.58

resulting in a decrease in the fine content in the fraction from 0.10 to 0.06 mm and an increase for the other shares.

5. Niobium ore concentration

The machine was charged with a mixture of Nb ₂ O ₅ , magnetite and pyrite in approximately equal proportions. One run gave excellent separation of the ore from the dead rock and the ore concentration had increased to 65%.

Claims (13)

Patent claims: 1. Process for sorting or classifying granular solids in flowing liquid by deposition by means of a standing vortex movement of a liquid flow, characterized in that the Solid-liquid mixture free and laminar on a flat, essentially horizontal Surface can flow out and then a lateral, if possible laminar, in its flow velocity exposing adjustable liquid flow, with a multiplication of the solid dunes forming in standing vortex zones beyond a certain number is prevented and the solid dunes either intermittently or be discharged continuously. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting material is several is exposed to successive laminar flows of liquid. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the bulk of the denser particles is agitated, while that of the lateral are exposed to laminar fluid flow. 4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the starting material is on a moving surface is given which is below successive rays of Liquid moved away. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the surface is established and the solid mixture is periodically added and separated. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that an annular curtain of liquid down onto the surface in the area the boundary between the zones of light and dense parts of the particles behind the end of the called, radially outward flow is directed. 7. Device for performing the method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized by an essentially horizontal flat surface, by an arrangement of nozzles, at an angle to this surface on these jets of a processing liquid with constant Direct pressure, and a feed device for the Solid-liquid mixture. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the surface is a strand (10) of a endless conveyor belt is. 9. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the surface (72) of a fixed Table (70, 71) is formed, the central part of which consists of a vertical in a discharge chamber for dense particles movable disc (70) is formed, on which an application tube centrally (88) is directed for the solid-liquid mixture. 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that just above the surface (72) of the table (70, 71) concentric to the application tube (88) radially outside the heavy material dune (91) an annular spout (90) for supplying water opens. 11. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that over the surface a mechanical doctor blade is movably arranged. 12. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the solid-liquid mixture passed through an outlet line (43) onto the strand (10) of the endless conveyor belt and that a further outlet conduit (46) is downstream of the first-mentioned outlet conduit (43) constant supply of pure liquid, such that two parallel ribs of particles are formed, on each of which a jet of pure liquid is directed through nozzles (52), the nozzles (52) being equiangularly but opposite with respect to the plane of the strand (10) of the conveyor belt are inclined. 13. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that a plurality of separating nozzle lines (103,104,105) which are arranged at a distance from one another along the strand (10), processing liquid at an angle transversely to 909525/66 the length of the strand (10) on this guide, so that a first separation of the particles into two Ribs (121, 122) takes place, and that equal and oppositely directed groups of separating nozzle lines (106-108 and 109-111) transverse jets of processing liquid point at the ribs for the purpose of further separating the particles into classes. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings