DE1281966B - Device for guiding shuttles in the shed - Google Patents

Description

Apparatus for guiding arrows in the shed. The invention relates to a device for guiding healers in the shed, in which the at least partly made of ferromagnetic material, exclusively through a pulse conveyed by a shooting device can be shot through the shed and magnetically effective guide means are arranged along the rifle track.

It is known (German patent specification 813 830) to generate a traveling magnetic field by means of devices arranged along the shuttle path, for example by switchable electromagnets, to generate a traveling magnetic field and thereby the shuttle, who may have been given an initial impulse by a mechanical shooting device to drive its path, guide it through the compartment and control its movement. In order to reduce the frictional forces between the shuttle and the warp threads or reed, the shuttle is usually provided with rollers or cogs that run over the underlying warp threads supported by a flat running surface (German Patent 813 830).

Furthermore, an arrangement is known (British patent specification 696 457) in which a carriage is moved back and forth in the direction of the weft path outside the shed. The carriage is connected to the shuttle passing through the shed by a magnetic field, which is generated by permanent magnets or electromagnets that can be installed either on the carriage or in the shuttle. As a result, the shuttle is pulled along by the sledge and guided back and forth on its path. Here, too, the mostly relatively heavy and large healers, who carry a weft thread bobbin in addition to the magnets or magnet armatures, run on rollers over the chain threads mechanically supported by a smooth running surface or by counter rollers.

In another known arrangement (US Pat. No. 2,647,542) the shuttle carries one or more strong permanent magnets in addition to the weft bobbin, whose magnetic field sends the shuttle to the ferromagnetic material Weaving reed exerts a force of attraction acting transversely to the direction of movement. To support the archer against the reed and to reduce the frictional resistance, the gunman is mounted on rollers that are inserted in the interior of the shed when the weft is inserted run over the almost vertical, comb-shaped weaving reed and from this be guided. The shooter body slides over the lower compartment below it lying chain threads supported by a flat running surface. The web shooter is shot through the shed by a shooting device.

In the likewise known weaving machines with rapier shuttles (US Pat. No. 2,538,630), which pull the weft thread from a fixed bobbin and only bring it in in one and the same direction, whereupon the weft thread is cut, the weft thread slides through the shed by a weft device Shot shuttle gates usually in an alley formed from mechanical guide elements inside the compartment, which prevents the grab guard from breaking out of its path. The guide elements can be made of metal or another material and are usually attached in a comb-like manner to the sash, between the reed and the shed point, so that they penetrate the shed between the warp threads before and during the weft insertion and provide a firm guide to the gripper offer its path. After the weft insertion and during the reel lay-up, the guide elements are each pivoted out of the compartment again by the movement of the drawer. During the entry, the gripper comes into contact only with the guide elements, but not with the chain threads forming the shed. Gripper shuttles have an approximately 10 to 20 times smaller mass and a correspondingly smaller space requirement compared to the shuttles with weft yarn bobbins mentioned above, so that such weaving machines can be operated with a higher picking speed and faster weft sequence than those with heavy, bobbin-carrying shuttles.

The above-mentioned known arrangements for guiding riflemen have a number of disadvantages.

The arrangement with an electromagnetic traveling field is required for safety reasons a fixed, mechanical lateral guide. Rolling over the chain threads through the heavy web shuttle harbors the risk of chain thread damage. If irregularities occur in the warp threads, for example knots, can cause interference as a result of unwanted deflection of the web guard out of its path occur because the warp threads are supported and cannot yield elastically. Such a traveling field also requires a relatively high electrical level for operation Performance with low overall efficiency, as the main force direction of the magnetic field does not coincide with the direction of movement of the shuttle. As a result of the great moving masses, the friction losses and the vibrations of the machine are considerable.

The disadvantages of the arrangement with the sled moving along the shooter's track and dragging the shooter by magnetic force (British patent specification 696 457) are even more pronounced, since the moving masses are necessarily much larger and the power requirement, the vibrations and the noise generation increase accordingly. The drawer must also be made stronger, the rate of fire and the rate of fire must be reduced further.

When the shuttle unwinding on the ferromagnetic reed (USA.Patent 2,647,542) the moving masses are somewhat lower, but still the same Order of magnitude as that of the arrangement with the traveling magnetic field, because the heavy permanent magnet must necessarily be placed on the shuttle, because, for technological reasons, the reed is not made from permanent magnet material can be. Furthermore, there is the mechanical stress on the reed there is a certain risk of damage and eyebrows when unrolling the weaving protection on the individual lamellae of the reed, which in turn affects the warp threads can pull. These disadvantages persist even when using this arrangement with a Hook protection is carried out, since in this case only the weft bobbin, but not the permanent magnets and the guide rollers for the moving parts come. The shooting speed that can be achieved with this arrangement remains as a result limited by the high shooter weight. When irregularities or Knots in the warp threads can be because the warp threads are on a firm surface rest, disturbances arise as a result of deflections of the web shuttle from his straight track.

Although in the known loom with rapier shuttles (US Pat. No. 2,538,630) compared to the other designs mentioned, significantly smaller moving masses are involved and higher weft speeds can be achieved, the introduction of the guide elements between the warp threads into the interior of the shed offer in front of everyone Weft insertion and the resulting potential for disruptions have a certain disadvantage. The invention is based on the object of avoiding the disadvantages of the known systems described in the prior art by not only guiding the shuttle through the reed, but also dispensing with further mechanical guide elements for guiding the shuttle which penetrate through the warp threads.

To solve this problem, the invention is based on a device of the type mentioned at the outset, d. b. from a device according to the US Pat. No. 2,647,542 cited above using a known weaving shuttle (e.g. according to German Pat. No. 813 830) which is at least partly made of ferromagnetic material Form a magnetic field, which exerts a force of attraction directed transversely to its direction of movement and towards this chain of threads on the shuttles sliding over the warp thread array closer to the guide means, and that for supporting this warp thread array along the guide means support rails are arranged in such a way that this chain thread array passes through the shuttle can be curved concave or convex according to the design of the support rails and thus forms a guide for the shuttle. In this way, no further guide means reaching through between the warp threads are required.

The subject matter of the invention is particularly simple the warp threads are used to form an elastic guide for the shuttle. If any irregularities occur, e.g. B. of knots in the warp threads, can such thickening thanks to the flexibility of the warp threads when passing through of the shuttle without affecting the shuttle's movements. The weaving reed is not touched by the archer, so that it is not damaged by him either or can be worn out. Since the shuttle does not have any moving parts, such as guide rollers etc., but slides over the warp threads on a smooth surface, all additional inertia and mass effects disappear and be less Frictional resistance on the elastic warp threads can be accepted. The shooting speed and the shooting sequence can be compared to the known designs can be increased again.

Permanent magnets can preferably be used as magnetically acting guide means used that have at least a higher remanence and coercive force than steel exhibit. Of course, electromagnets can also be used instead of permanent magnets Find.

The support rails for supporting the warp thread sheet can for example from one or two rails arranged along the guide means or from one the only ones that run over the poles of the magnets, are themselves non-magnetic, curved Part exist. In another embodiment, the support rails are from the appropriately shaped poles of horseshoe-shaped magnets, or what in relation to the course of the field it comes out to the even magnetic poles applied soft iron pole pieces. To prevent the web shuttle from sticking can prevent the magnetic poles or the pole shoes on the one facing the shuttle Side with a magnetically permeable, itself magnetically ineffective layer, for example from Light metal, bronze or plastic, covered be.

The measures characterized in the subclaims only enjoy in the context of real subclaims patent protection.

The device according to the invention is by no means suitable for use tied by bobbin-carrying weaving shuttles, gripper shuttles can just as well can be used.

In the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is shown schematically on the basis of several examples. It shows F i g. 1 shows a cross section through a shed with the arrangement of shafts with heddles, sash, reed and spreaders, FIG . 2 shows a plan view of the shooting range, FIG. 3 and 4 show a cross-section on a larger scale through the rifle track and support body with guide means installed as a permanent magnet and two support rails, FIG . 5 shows a use of a curved rifle track, FIG. 6 shows an arrangement of the rifle track at the level of the professional tip, FIG . 7 shows a longitudinal section of the rifle track in a further exemplary embodiment having support rollers, FIG . 8 arranged in the longitudinal direction of the shuttle track below the shed, current-carrying conductors as magnetically effective guide means, FIG. 9 shows an arrangement with a vertical compartment, FIG. 10 to 17 magnetic fields with different arrangements of the magnetically acting guide means. A shed 10 ( FIG. 1) is formed by means of heddles 11 in a known manner by chain threads 13, 14 forming chain threads 13, 14 running through the heddle eyes 12 through shafts, not shown, which are controlled in a known manner by the shaft drive in a change corresponding to the weave , be transferred from the upper to the lower subject or from the lower to the upper subject. Weft threads 15 are entered into the shed 10 by means of weaving shuttles 16 and beaten up by the weaving reed 17 .

The reed 17 is inserted in a groove 18 of a drawer 19 and is clamped in place by means of screws 21. To strike, the drawer 19 pivots out of the rest position shown about a pivot point located below the compartment in the direction of arrow 22 to the left. The reed 17 presses the weft thread 15 into the tip 23 of the shed 10 against the fabric 24, the edges of which are guided over spreader rollers 25.

Carrying bodies 26 are fastened to the drawer 19 by means of screws 27. Permanent magnets 28 designed as magnetically acting guide means are inserted into this support body 26 , which rest on an exchangeable base 29 for the purpose of adjusting the height and are covered by a non-magnetic plate 31 . On both sides of the plate 31 or the shuttle track, support rails 32 are provided for the lower warp thread sheet 13 , which threads freely support the shuttle 16 shot through the shed depending on the magnitude of the chain tension and the magnitude of the tensile force of the magnetic field. If necessary, only one support rail 32 is sufficient, for. B. the right one, since the warp thread sheet 13 rises from the shuttle 16 to the shed tip 23. From the top view of the Schützenbahn, F i g. 2, it can be seen that the permanent magnets 28 are arranged one behind the other with respect to their north-south poles given axis and that a gap 33 is provided between the individual permanent magnets, which causes the magnetic field not only to be formed between opposite poles, but that the field from the north to the south pole of one and the same permanent magnet 28 is maintained at a certain strength so that the holding force required for the shuttle 16 is also present along the permanent magnet 28 by which the shuttle 16 is held against sideways deviating from its path if he is in a known manner, for. B. driven by the baton, is shot freely through the shed 10 .

The permanent magnets 28 can not only be arranged at different heights along the rifle track or with the help of inserts 29 of different heights, but they can also have different magnetic pulling forces. The gap 33 along the rifle track can also be larger on one part than on another part. The differences in height, strength and distance serve to be able to adapt the field in relation to the shuttle to the various requirements at the entrance and exit.

These changes in the magnetic effect on the shuttle 16 along the shuttle path can take place continuously or intermittently; in the case of the magnetic guide means through which current flows, for example, current strength and voltage are changed.

In Fig. 3 is the height of the shuttle 16 when it is weak, in FIG. 4 with a strong tensile force of the permanent magnets 28 , the same chain tension being assumed in both cases. In Fig. 3 , the magnetic field essentially takes over the lateral guidance of the shuttle 16, in FIG. 4, the support rails 32 are also used for this purpose.

Instead of the lateral support rails 32 , FIG. 5, the cover 35 of the support body 26 is designed as a support for the warp thread sheet 13 in the lower shed with a convexly curved upper surface 36 . Correspondingly, the shuttle 37 has concave surfaces 38, 39 which are adapted to the curvature of the surface 36. This training also supports the lateral guidance of the shuttle 37 through the field of the permanent magnet 28. The concave surface 39 on the shuttle 37 is only required when, for. 37 is in each case rotated by the catch box to shot box 37 to the shuttle 180 'at a return transport the shuttle example when using Greiferwebschützen.

While until now the center of the shuttle 16 or 37 has been placed in the horizontal axis 41 of the shed 10 extending from the shed tip 23 , FIG. 6 the surface 42 of the shuttle 16 facing the shuttle track on the horizontal axis 41. This ensures that the warp thread sheet 13 in the lower shed also rests firmly on the support rail 32 and the lateral guidance of the shuttle 16 is improved by the left support rail 32.

The permanent magnets 43 in FIG. 7 have a horseshoe shape. The space 44 between two permanent magnets 43 is dimensioned so that the field between the north and south poles of the same permanent magnet 43 is almost the same as the field between the north and south poles of two adjacent permanent magnets 43 with regard to the tensile force. The permanent magnets 43 are covered by a plate 45 made of magnetically permeable material. When the shuttle 16 slides on the plates 45, such material prevents the shuttle 16 from sticking.

In Fig. 7 , rollers 46 are also provided in troughs 47, which are rotatably mounted in the support body 26 and protect the warp thread sheet 13 . The length of the rollers 46 corresponds approximately to the width of the shuttle 16, and the troughs 47 are longer only by the amount of play required for the rollers 46 to run smoothly. The support body 26 therefore closes the troughs 47 outside the rollers 46 and is provided with support rails 32 , unless the warp threads 13 are inclined downward on both sides of the support body 26 when the compartment 10 is open.

The support body 26 in FIG. 8 extends over the entire length of the drawer 19 and is provided with a continuous channel 48 which is closed at the top with a cover 48a. As magnetically effective guide means, lines 49 are provided, through which electrical current flows, generate a magnetic field which has a circular or oval cross-section for each line 49. Amperage and voltage are selected so that the weaving guard 16 is held with a sufficient tensile force which, since it acts in the same direction as the force of gravity, is only intended to supplement the latter and therefore less force is required.

If the compartment 10 is vertical, the result is an arrangement according to FIG. 9, in which the support bodies 26 are in turn provided with the permanent magnets 28. A support rail 32 is provided on the lower side alone, since the shuttle frames 16 can only be guided on this side.

The rod-shaped permanent magnets 28 have the advantage that the scattering is a maximum and the field is greatest, while the horseshoe magnets 43 have the advantage that the field (FIG. 7) is directed more upwards than downwards, so that the same Effect on the web shuttle the permanent magnets can be chosen smaller.

The in F i g. 10 designated 50, the rod-shaped permanent magnets follow each other a small distance 51, wherein the north and south poles of each permanent magnet 50 are arranged along the Schützenbahn in the same manner 52nd The shooter track 52 cuts through upper magnetic fields 53 which keep the web shooters 16 on the shooter track 52 . As a result of the small distance 51, a magnetic field 54 arises between the mutually facing poles of adjacent permanent magnets 50 , which is quite strong at the expense of the magnetic fields 53. The magnetic fields 54, on the other hand, do not contribute to holding the shuttle 16 on the shuttle track 52 .

If every second permanent magnet 50 is rotated through 180 ' , poles of the same name are opposite one another in neighboring permanent magnets ( FIG. 11). A magnetic field 54 between the end poles of adjacent permanent magnets 50 cannot form in this case. On the contrary, because the opposite end poles of two permanent magnets 50 have the same name, the magnetic fields repel each other, so that they form only two magnetic fields 55 and 56 which, since the permanent magnets 50 are rod-shaped, have the same shape. The rifle track 52 crosses the upper magnetic fields 55, which are now significantly stronger than the magnetic fields 53 in FIG. 10, assuming that the permanent magnets 50 in FIG. 10 and in FIG. 11 have the same coercive force with the same remanence.

In Fig. 12 and 13 , permanent magnets 57 designed in the shape of a hulk-iron are arranged below the rifle track 52 , with the north and south poles facing up. The sequence of poles in FIG. 12 corresponds to that in FIG. 10, those in FIG. 13 of those in FIG. 11 in FIG. 12, a strong magnetic field 58 is formed between the adjacent north and south poles of two permanent magnets 57. The magnetic field 59 between the north and south poles of the permanent magnet 57 is somewhat weaker. The same also applies to the magnetic fields 61 and 62 below the permanent magnets 57. The magnetic field 61 from one permanent magnet 57 to the adjacent permanent magnet 57 is stronger than the magnetic field 62 that forms along the underside of each permanent magnet 57. In contrast, due to the horseshoe shape, the magnetic fields 61, 62 on the underside are weaker than the magnetic fields 58, 59 on the upper side.

In Fig. 13 again no magnetic field is formed between opposing poles of two adjacent permanent land 57. The magnetic fields 63 on the upper side and the magnetic fields 64 on the lower side are significantly stronger than the corresponding magnetic fields in FIG. 12th

It goes without saying that the stronger magnetic fields 55 ( FIG. 11) and 63 ( FIG. 13) offer more security against lateral deviation of the shuttle from the straight shuttle path. Another advantage of the magnetic fields 55 and 63 is that their force of attraction acts at a greater height above the shooter track 52 than with the weaker magnetic fields 53 ( FIG. 10), 58 and 59 ( FIG. 12), and that they are therefore able to hold on even with a greater distance between the contactor track 52 and the permanent magnets 5G or 57.

Instead of arranging the poles of horseshoe-shaped permanent magnets 66 and 68 one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the shooting track 52 , they can also be provided on both sides of the shooting track 52 . The magnetic fields 65 that are formed in the process are then transverse to the rifle track ( FIGS. 14 to 16, in particular FIG. 15). The poles of these horseshoe magnets 66 are smoothed and rounded on the upper side, so that they also serve as support rails for the warp thread sheet 13 . It is only necessary that the poles of the permanent magnets 66 are provided with permeable magnetic layers 67 at those points with which the shuttle 16 come into contact. The same poles of the permanent magnets 66 are shown in FIG. 14 always on the same side of the rifle track 52. Therefore, no magnetic field can arise between two adjacent permanent magnets 66. Each permanent magnet 66 can, as shown in FIG. 14 shows on the right, are divided into parts, which then all form a closed support for the warp thread sheet 13, lined up without gaps. This has the advantage that the length of the permanent magnets 66 can be changed more easily according to the requirements of the operation than if they form a rod.

In Fig. 16 , the poles of two adjacent permanent magnets 68 are interchanged. The magnetic fields that are formed are now different from the field in FIG. 14. A magnetic field 69 is created between the permanent magnets 68 and a magnetic field 71 on the upper side. The cross section corresponds to FIG. 15th

The electrical lines 49 in FIG. 8 would each generate a cylindrical magnetic field on its own, the cross-section of which is circular. If, however, several lines 49 are arranged next to one another and the radius of the outer limit of these magnetic fields is greater than half the distance between two lines 49, then as can be seen from FIG. 17 shows a deformation of the circular shape to oval shape in the intermediate lines 49. The resulting magnetic fields 72 of the central line 49 are higher, however, narrower than the resulting magnetic fringing fields 73. This has the advantage that the shuttle, the center of which moves on the shuttle race 52 which extends at a distance 74 above a channel 48 , is well detected by the higher magnetic fields 72.

The support body 26 can be made of one piece or, as in FIG. 2, be made from individual elements, each with a permanent magnet 28 . For the support rails 32 is not magnetic, sintered material, such Hartnietall, or sintered ceramic is used. If they are not made of one piece, they should abut one another, expediently with a joint that is inclined to the longitudinal axis.

The shuttle can be made to reduce eddy currents of ferromagnetic material with a higher specific line resistance, which z. B. that of soft steel of 0.002 ohms per 1 mm2 cross-section and 1 mm in length. The running surface of the shooters can be made of non-magnetic material. In order to avoid losses due to the respective reversal of magnetization of the material of the shuttle 16 as a result of a pole change during its run on the shuttle track 52 , the shuttle 16 can be made of soft iron. The permanent magnets can be made of material which has at least a higher remanence than steel, possibly also a higher coercive force than steel.

Along the rifle track, the spaces between the magnetically acting guide means can be different, e.g. To achieve as to end up with smaller spacings braking the shuttle.

Claims (2)

Claims: 1 .. Device for guiding healers in the shed, in which the healers consisting at least partly of ferromagnetic material can be shot through the shed exclusively by an impulse conveyed by a shooting device and are arranged along the shuttle path magnetically effective guide means, characterized in that the Guide means (28; 43; 49; 50; 57; 66; 68) form a static magnetic field which is applied to the shuttles sliding over the warp thread sheet (13) closer to the guide means (28; 43; 49; 50; 57; 66; 68) (16, 37) exerts a force of attraction directed transversely to its direction of movement and towards this chain of threads (13) , and that support rails are used to support this chain of threads (13) along the guide means (28; 43; 49; 50, 57; 66; 68) (32; 35) are arranged in such a way that this warp thread sheet (13) concealed by the shuttle (16; 37) according to the design of the support rails (32; 35; 66) av or convex can be arched and thus a guide for the shuttle (16; 37) forms. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide means (28; 43; 50; 57; 66; 68) are permanent magnets and have at least a higher remanence than steel. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the permanent magnets (28, 43; 50; 57; 66; 68) have a higher coercive force than steel. 4. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the permanent magnets (28; 43; 50; 57) are arranged with respect to their axis given by the north-south poles in the longitudinal direction of the drawer (19) . 5. Device according to. Claim 2, characterized in that the permanent magnets (28; 50) are rod-shaped. 6. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the permanent magnets (43, 57; 66; 68) are horseshoe-shaped. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the horseshoe-shaped permanent magnets (43; 57) are arranged with respect to their axis given by the north-south poles in the longitudinal direction of the drawer (19) . 8. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the horseshoe-shaped permanent magnets (66; 68) with respect to their axis given by the north-south poles are arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the drawer (19) and the distance between the two poles is greater is than the width of the shuttle (16). 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support rails (32; 35) consist of non-magnetic, sintered material. 10. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the permanent magnets (28; 43) are covered on the contactor (16) facing side with a magnetically permeable layer (31; 45). 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the running surface of the contactor (16; 37) consists of non-magnetic material. 12. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one support roller (46) for the shuttle (16) is provided between two permanent magnets (43). 13. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the permanent magnets (28; 43; 50; 57; 66; 68) are arranged along the rifle track (52) with differently large spaces (33) . 14. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the distance between the permanent magnets (28; 43; 50; 57; 66; 68) to the shooter track (52) is different along the same. 15. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ferromagnetic material of the shuttle has a higher specific line resistance than soft steel. 16. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the free pole ends of the horseshoe-shaped permanent magnets (66, 68) are rounded and these curves serve as support rails for the chain of threads (13) . 17. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that at least the points of the poles of the permanent magnets (66; 68 ) which come into contact with the shuttle (16) are provided with a magnetically permeable layer (67) in order to ensure that the shuttle (16 ) to avoid. Considered publications: German Patent Documents Nos. 803 707, 813 830, 896 179; British Patent Papers Nos. 483,816, 696,457 ; U.S. Patent Nos. 2,538,630, 2,647,542.