DE1265722B - Electrolyzer for generating chlorine or hypochlorite - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. Cl .:

COIb

German class: 12 i- 7/02

Number: 1265 722

File number: E 20240IV a / 12 i

Filing date: November 25, 1960

Open date: April 11, 1968

The invention relates to an electrolyzer for generating chlorine or hypochlorite, in which two-pole electrodes are stacked without diaphragms at a mutual distance and inclined at an angle to the vertical in a closed vessel which has at least one inlet and one outlet opening for the liquid to be electrolyzed . The device is suitable for small businesses for sterilization purposes and also for large businesses with seawater, e.g. B. Condenser cooling water.

Electrolyzers are already known in which the two-pole electrodes are spaced apart are arranged inclined at an angle to the vertical to form a stack. The ones in an electrolyzer The electrodes used are usually made of graphite, which erodes with normal use, may act irregularly and even be destroyed.

Platinum and titanium are known to be far more resistant to chemical effects than graphite. Therefore, titanium plates already covered with platinum are used as electrodes.

The invention relates to an electrolyzer for generating chlorine or hypochlorite, in which the Two-pole electrodes stacked without diaphragms with mutual spacing and at an angle to the vertical are arranged inclined in a closed vessel, the at least one inlet and one Has drain opening for the liquid to be electrolyzed.

According to the invention, the electrodes are aligned with the flow of the liquid and those with Platinum-covered surfaces of the electrodes made of titanium are arranged as the tops, so that the Gaseous products formed by the electrolysis rise with the electrolyte and the solid products like hydrates fall out downwards.

The inlet port for the liquid to be electrolyzed is below the one from the electrodes formed stack arranged. The leakage of the electrolyzing liquid from the electrode stack is then conveniently located above the plates and the outlet nozzle for the electrolyte above the stack of plates.

The electrodes can be flat plates in parallel grooves at any angle to the vertical be arranged. But they can also be used as bowl-shaped or conical discs that have central openings have, be slipped onto a central tube with spacer disks in between that a cooling liquid can be passed through.

Electrolyzer for generating chlorine
or hypochlorite

Applicant:

David J. Evans (Research) Ltd., London

Representative:

Dr. P. Junius, patent attorney,

3000 Hannover-Waldhausen, Kärntner Platz 6

Named as inventor:

David Johnson Evans, London

The invention is described below with reference to the drawing. It shows

Fig. 1 is a view of a device, partially in Section, with flat, rectangular electrode plates,

F i g. 2 a half section along line 2-2 of Fig.l,

F i g. 3 another embodiment in section with disk-shaped electrodes,

F i g. 4 shows a section at right angles to FIG. 3.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 1 and 2 the electrodes consist of flat, rectangular plates 10 made of titanium with a platinum coating. These plates are attached between two retaining plates 11, which on their parallel and vertical inner surfaces are provided with grooves 12 which are at an angle of are inclined approximately 45 ° to the vertical. The plates inserted in the opposite grooves thus form a sloping stack with approximately 2 mm spaces between their faces. Her The top and bottom edges are preferably covered with a suitable insulating material. At every of the two end electrodes is a back plate 13 with countersunk screws 14 on one beveled Block 15 attached, through which a power supply rod 16 attached to the back pane passes.

The structure of the electrodes 10, the holding plates 11 and the tapered blocks 15 is shown in FIG a cylindrical housing inserted. For this purpose, the outer surfaces of the retaining plates 11 has the same inclination as the inner surface of the housing, the two blocks 15 with their power supply rods 16 are above the housing axis by strips or rollers 18 on the inner surfaces the holding plates 11 held. The in these

809 538505

brought grooves 12 end at the same level. Two rings 19 sit on the ends of the cylindrical Housing 17, which is made of polyvinyl chloride or a similar plastic material. The rings work as it were as connecting flanges. They are either screwed onto the housing as at 20 or on the outside attached to it elsewhere. The housing is surrounded by the metal shell 21 between the end rings 19, which consists of two half-shells. They are held together by screws that are attached by lugs or flanges 22 are screwed through on the longitudinal edges of the half-shells. Circular cover plates, which are preferably made of plastic material, are on the end rings with screws or the like attached. A metallic clamping plate 24 is on the outside of each cover plate for receiving the screws or the like attached. This clamping plate also makes it easier to attach end sleeves, e.g. B. the inlet spout 25 for the electrolyte at one end of the housing, from where it enters the space below the electrodes 12, and the attachment of the outlet spout 26 to the other end of the housing, the from the space above the electrodes 12, as well as the attachment of junction boxes 27 in which the Power supply rods are connected to the connecting cables.

In another embodiment of the invention, the titanium electrodes, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 show, made of bowl-shaped or conical disks 30, which are pushed onto a central tube 31 and separated from one another by spacer disks 32 made of insulating material. The central tube is arranged essentially vertically. The disks 30 are covered with platinum only on their upper side. The advantage of the position and the shape of the cathode surface is used to remove the hydrates from this surface if the polarity of the cell is briefly reversed from time to time. Then the hydrates fall down from the cathode surfaces and from the edges of the disks below. The stack with the discs 30 is carried by a sleeve 33 which sits on the sole 34, a second sleeve 35 sits on top of the stack, both sleeves are made of suitable plastic material. The entire structure is located in a housing 36 made of suitable insulating material with a cover 37 and a base plate 34, which are fastened, ^{for example, with the clamping plates 38 and the screw bolts 38 1.}

The shape of the discs 30 is suitable for insulation the edges through. Immersion in a suitable plastic material. The top of the electrodes 30 can be completely covered with this plastic insulating material on its anode side. the Power supply 39 to this electrode (Fig. 4) is also covered with insulating material and you outer end goes through the lid 37 on top of the cell through a hole 40. The bottom electrode of the stack has its power supply 41, which is covered with insulating material and which is connected through a gland in the Bottom 34 is introduced. The central pipe 31 is preferably for the circulation of a coolant furnished and therefore made of quartz glass or other heat-resistant material; if a cooling is required, the tube can be made of suitable plastic material, it can also be perforated to serve as an outlet for the hydrogen and the electrolytic product. The upper sleeve 35 can be punched in accordance with the holes in the tube.

Each electrode preferably remains between the tube 31 and the edge of the central opening an annular gap so that the hydrogen can escape and the electrolyte can circulate. The pipe can too be ribbed on the outside, and there can be gaps in the annular disks 32 that separate the electrodes from one another be allowed to separate so that the hydrogen and electrolyte can emerge from under the sleeve 35. The electrolyte then flows out through a tube 42, which preferably protrudes under the cover 37, while the hydrogen collects above the inner end of the pipe and through a special one Pipe escapes, the inner end of which is flush with the inside of the lid.

In some cases, the bottom 34 can be conically hollowed out to receive the hydrates therein, if they fall off the electrodes. A suitable outlet is then located close to the bottom to drain this precipitate from time to time. The drain valve can be operated automatically be with the reversal of polarity. Preferably, however, the inlet 44 for the electrolyte protrudes through the bottom 34 out far enough for the hydrates to collect without falling into the inlet will. A drain pipe 45 is provided for the removal of the hydrates, the inner end of which corresponds to the inner surface of the bottom 34 is aligned.

This embodiment allows the number of electrodes to be changed in a very simple manner. That Tube 36 can easily be replaced by another with a different length. The cell can be composed of standard parts for different voltage and yield requirements will.

An automatic discharge of the hydrogen can be provided that the central pipe 31, on which the electrodes 30 are mounted, as a normal liquid outlet for a relatively long time is done above. The bottom of this pipe is closed under the bottom 34, its upper part and the sleeve 35 are pierced over the electrodes to allow the hydrogen to penetrate the can then escape at the upper end of the tube 31. This version is especially for treatment suitable for seawater, which normally does not need cooling, but does so through the central pipe can flow out together with the hydrogen and the electrolytic product.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated and described exemplary embodiments, it can also be modified by reversing the relative position of the conical electrodes.

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Electrolyser for the production of chlorine or hypochlorite, with the two-pole electrodes Stacked without diaphragms with mutual spacing and inclined at an angle to the vertical in a closed vessel are arranged, the at least one inlet and one outlet opening for the liquid to be electrolyzed, characterized in that the inlet port (25 or 44) for the liquid to be electrolyzed underneath and the drainage nozzle (26 or 42) is arranged above the stack formed from the electrodes (10 or 30) and that the electrodes (10 or 30) made of titanium with a platinum-covered top face with the flow are in the same direction as the liquid. 2. Electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes as a shell or conical disks (30) are formed, have central openings and alternate are fitted with radially grooved insulating rings (32) onto a central tube (31). 3. Electrolyzer according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that the central tube (31) is connected to a cooling line. 4. Elektrolysiergeräfnach claim 1, characterized characterized in that the plate stack consists of flat plates (10) between two opposite Holders (11) are attached, which have a circular segment-shaped cross section and on their facing straight surfaces with grooves (12) for receiving the plates (10) and that the stack of plates is supported by a beveled block at each end (15) and is inserted with this into a cylindrical insulating housing (17) which is closed at its opposite ends and the inlet port at one end (25) for the electrolyte and at the other end the drain connection (26). 5. Electrolyzer according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the central tube (31) closed at the lower end and its wall is perforated and at the upper end of the Drain port for the electrolyte is attached. 6. Electrolyzer according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the inlet port (44) is passed through the floor and ends above the floor, as well as a special one Outlet pipe (45) is provided in alignment with the floor. Considered publications:
German Patent No. 514 171;
German interpretative document No. 1105 395. 1 sheet of drawings 809 538/505 4.68 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin