DE1115721B - Process for the production of an electrode with a titanium core and a porous cover layer made of noble metal - Google Patents
Process for the production of an electrode with a titanium core and a porous cover layer made of noble metalInfo
- Publication number
- DE1115721B DE1115721B DEA33857A DEA0033857A DE1115721B DE 1115721 B DE1115721 B DE 1115721B DE A33857 A DEA33857 A DE A33857A DE A0033857 A DEA0033857 A DE A0033857A DE 1115721 B DE1115721 B DE 1115721B
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- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- top layer
- noble metal
- electrode
- cover layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
- C23C18/44—Coating with noble metals using reducing agents
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
- C23F13/12—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C23F13/14—Material for sacrificial anodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
- C25B11/061—Metal or alloy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
- C25B11/061—Metal or alloy
- C25B11/063—Valve metal, e.g. titanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
- C25B11/081—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound the element being a noble metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/26—Anodisation of refractory metals or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/58—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F2213/30—Anodic or cathodic protection specially adapted for a specific object
- C23F2213/31—Immersed structures, e.g. submarine structures
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Description
Es ist eine Anode bekannt, die einen Kern aus Titan und eine poröse Deckschicht aus einem Edelmetall oder einem anderen elektrisch leitenden, resistenten Material aufweist. An den Stellen, an denen die Deckschicht porös ist, ist auf elektrolytischem Wege eine Sperrhaut aus Titanoxyd aufgebracht. Die Sperrhaut wird dort nach Überziehen des Kernes mit der Deckschicht aufgetragen.An anode is known which has a core made of titanium and a porous cover layer made of a noble metal or another electrically conductive, resistant material. In the places where the If the cover layer is porous, a barrier skin made of titanium oxide is applied electrolytically. The barrier skin is applied there after covering the core with the top layer.
Nach einem weiteren Vorschlag wird die Sperrhaut gleichfalls aufgetragen, nachdem der Kern mit einer porösen Deckschicht aus einem Edelmetall oder einem anderen elektrisch leitenden Material versehen ist. Die Bildung der Sperrhaut erfolgt jedoch durch eine chemische und/oder thermische Behandlung, wodurch die Sperrhaut in einer stabilen, chemisch praktisch inerten Form erhalten wird.According to a further suggestion, the barrier skin is also applied after the core with a porous cover layer made of a noble metal or another electrically conductive material is provided. the However, the barrier skin is formed by a chemical and / or thermal treatment, as a result of which the barrier skin is obtained in a stable, chemically practically inert form.
Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, daß es bei der Herstellung einer Elektrode des vorgemeinten Typus, nämlich einer, die aus einem Titankern und einer porösen Deckschicht eines Edelmetalles besteht, Vorteile bietet, die Sperrhaut aus Titanoxyd entstehen zu lassen, bevor die Deckschicht aufgebracht wird.The invention is based on the knowledge that it is in the manufacture of an electrode of the pre-intended Type, namely one that consists of a titanium core and a porous cover layer of a noble metal, There are advantages in having the barrier skin made of titanium oxide before the top layer is applied.
Es hat sich nämlich gezeigt, daß von allen sogenannten filmbildenden Metallen nur Titan die besondere Eigenschaft hat, den elektronischen Stromdurchgang nicht zu stören, wenn es ganz mit einer Schicht des Oxyds bedeckt ist und später mit einer Deckschicht aus Edelmetall versehen wird.It has been shown that of all the so-called film-forming metals, only titanium is the special one Has the property of not interfering with the passage of electrical current when it is completely covered with a layer of the oxide is covered and is later provided with a top layer of noble metal.
Es zeigt sich, daß die filmbildenden Metalle, d. h. die Metalle, die an der Luft leicht an ihrer Oberfläche oxydiert werden, im allgemeinen durch die Gegenwart einer Oxydhaut dem Stromdurchgang großen Widerstand leisten, sowohl ionogen, z. B. als Elektrode in einem Elektrolysebad, als auch elektronisch, z. B. bei Kontakt von Metall—Metall. So weist eine Elektrode mit einem Aluminiumkern, der an der Luft oxydiert oder zielbewußt mit einer Oxydschicht (z. B. durch Anodisieren) versehen ist, und einer Deckschicht aus einem Edelmetall einen großen Widerstand gegen elektrischen Strom auf.It is found that the film-forming metals, i.e. H. the metals that are in the air easily on their surface are oxidized, generally by the presence of an oxide skin to the passage of current great resistance perform, both ionogenic, z. B. as an electrode in an electrolytic bath, as well as electronically, e.g. B. at Metal-metal contact. So shows an electrode with an aluminum core that oxidizes in the air or purposefully with an oxide layer (e.g. through Anodizing) is provided, and a top layer made of a noble metal offers great resistance to electric current on.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich somit auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Elektrode, bestehend aus einem Titankern und einer Deckschicht aus einem Edelmetall, und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den Titankern, bevor die Deckschicht darauf aufgetragen wird, auf elektrolytischem bzw. thermischem und/oder chemischem Wege mit einer Titanoxydschicht versieht.The invention thus relates to a method for producing an electrode consisting of a Titanium core and a cover layer made of a noble metal, and is characterized in that the titanium core, before the top layer is applied to it, electrolytically or thermally and / or chemically provided with a titanium oxide layer.
Es ist bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung nicht erforderlich und sogar völlig überflüssig, vor Auftragen der Deckschicht aus einem Edelmetall die Oberfläche des Titans durch Beizen, z. B. in einer Fluorwasserstoff enthaltenden Lösung,It is not necessary and even completely superfluous when carrying out the method according to the invention, before applying the top layer of a noble metal, the surface of the titanium by pickling, z. B. in a solution containing hydrogen fluoride,
mit einem Titankern und einer porösenwith a titanium core and a porous one
Deckschicht aus EdelmetallTop layer made of precious metal
Anmelder:Applicant:
Amalgamated Curagao
Patents Company N. V.,Amalgamated Curagao
Patents Company NV,
Willemstad, Curagao
(Niederländisch -Westindien)Willemstad, Curagao
(Dutch West Indies)
Vertreter: Dr. G. W. LotterhosRepresentative: Dr. G. W. Lotterhos
und Dr.-Ing. H. W. Lotterhos, Patentanwälte,and Dr.-Ing. H. W. Lotterhos, patent attorneys,
Frankfurt/M., Lichtensteinstr. 3Frankfurt / M., Lichtensteinstr. 3
Beanspruchte Priorität:
Niederlande vom 6. Februar 1959 (Nr. 235 848)Claimed priority:
The Netherlands of February 6, 1959 (no.235 848)
Henri Bernard Beer, Den Haag,
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenHenri Bernard Beer, The Hague,
has been named as the inventor
von der anhaftenden Oxydschicht zu befreien und auf die gebeizte Oberfläche sobald wie möglich die Deckschicht anzuordnen, um zu vermeiden, daß sich an der Luft wieder eine neue Oxydschicht bildet.Remove the adhering oxide layer and apply the top layer to the stained surface as soon as possible to be arranged in order to avoid that a new oxide layer forms again in the air.
Weil es ja beabsichtigt wird, das Titan, überall wo es mit dem Elektrolyten in Berührung kommen wird, mit einer Sperrhaut des Titanoxyds zu versehen, kann man, ohne die naturgemäß vorhandene Oxydschicht abzubeizen, die Sperrhaut auftragen. Dies kann sowohl auf elektrolytischem Wege als auch durch eine chemische und/oder thermische Behandlung erfolgen. Bei der elektrolytischen Methode empfiehlt es sich, die Sperrschicht bei einer höheren Voltzahl zu bilden, als die Voltzahl bei der Normalanwendung als Anode betragen wird. Die chemische und/oder thermische Behandlung erfolgt vorzugsweise dadurch, daß das Metall in einer oxydierenden Atmosphäre auf eine Temperatur bis etwa 700° C erhitzt wird.Because it is intended that the titanium, wherever it comes into contact with the electrolyte, Providing a barrier skin of titanium oxide can be done without the naturally existing oxide layer stripping, apply the barrier skin. This can be done both electrolytically and chemically and / or thermal treatment take place. In the case of the electrolytic method, it is recommended that the To form a barrier layer at a higher voltage than the voltage in normal use as an anode will amount. The chemical and / or thermal treatment is preferably carried out in that the Metal is heated in an oxidizing atmosphere to a temperature of up to about 700 ° C.
Beim Auftragen der Deckschicht eines Edelmetalls ist dafür zu sorgen, daß die dazu erforderlichen Reduktionsbedingungen nicht solcher Art sind, daß die gebildete Sperrhaut aus Titanoxyd beeinträchtigtWhen applying the top layer of a precious metal, care must be taken to ensure that the necessary Reduction conditions are not of such a kind that the formed titanium oxide barrier skin is impaired
109 710/449109 710/449
wird. Wenn die Deckschicht auf galvanischem Wege abgelagert wird, muß die Elektrolyse bei niedriger Voltzahl vor sich gehen, damit an der Kathode nicht zuviel Wasserstoff frei wird. Auch bei chemischer oder halbelektrolytischer Ablagerung, z. B. bei Reduktion von Edelmetallsalzen bzw. dem sogenannten »Pinselverfahren«, wird man die erforderlichen Vorkehrungen treffen, um schädliche Reduktion der Titanoxydsperrhaut zu vermeiden. Das wird in den Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. will. If the top layer is deposited by electroplating, the electrolysis must be at a lower level Go ahead with voltage so that too much hydrogen is not released at the cathode. Even with chemical or semi-electrolytic deposition, e.g. B. with the reduction of precious metal salts or the so-called »brush method«, one will take the necessary precautions to avoid damaging reduction of the titanium oxide barrier to avoid. This is explained in more detail in the exemplary embodiments.
Ein Vorteil der mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Elektrode ist, daß man nunmehr dessen sicher ist, daß an allen Stellen der Oberfläche, an denen die Deckschicht fehlt, also sowohl an den Stellen, an denen die Deckschicht porös ist, wie auch dort, wokeineDeckschicht aufgetragen ist, eine leitende resistente Titanoxydsperrhaut vorhanden ist. Auch stößt man bei Beschädigung der Deckschicht nicht auf Schwierigkeiten. Weiter kann die Elektrode praktisch in unbeschränkter Weise aufs neue mit einer frischen Deckschicht versehen werden, wenn dies erforderlich wird. Dabei bleibt die einmal gebildete Sperrhaut unberührt. Bisher wurde eine solche Elektrode nach einer bestimmten Anzahl Betriebsstunden abgebeizt, wodurch Materialverluste entstanden.One advantage of the electrode produced by the method according to the invention is that one can now it is certain that at all points on the surface where the top layer is missing, both at the Places where the top layer is porous, just as there where no top layer is applied, a conductive one resistant titanium oxide barrier skin is present. In addition, if the top layer is damaged, there is no impact Trouble. Furthermore, the electrode can be renewed with a fresh one in practically unlimited ways A top layer can be provided if this is necessary. The barrier skin, once formed, remains untouched. So far, such an electrode was stripped after a certain number of operating hours, which resulted in material losses.
Ein zusätzlicher Vorteil des vorliegenden Verfahrens ist, daß man leicht Legierungen von Edelmetallen ablagern kann. Auch zeigt sich, daß die Haftung der Edelmetalldeckschicht am Titanoxyd durch die Rauheit und die besondere Struktur dieses Oxyds fester ist als an der glatten Oberfläche nicht oxydierten Titanmetalls.An additional advantage of the present process is that it can easily be made of alloys of precious metals can deposit. It also shows that the adhesion of the noble metal cover layer to the titanium oxide due to the roughness and the special structure of this oxide is stronger than on the smooth surface oxidized titanium metal.
3535
Ein Titanmetallplättchen wird gründlich entfettet, indem man es z. B. mit Benzin oder Tetrachlorkohlenstoff abspült. Das Plättchen wird getrocknet und als Anode zwischen zwei Graphitkathoden in eine Lösung von 95 Volumteilen konzentrierter Phosphorsäure (98°/oig oder höher) und 5 Volumteilen konzentrierter Salpetersäure eingebracht. Die Spannung zwischen der Titananode und den Graphitkathoden wird allmählich bis zu 100 Volt gesteigert, wobei eine Sperrschicht aus Titanoxyd entsteht, die auch nach Beendigung der Elektrolyse von vorzüglicher Qualität bleibt.A titanium metal plate is thoroughly degreased by e.g. B. rinsed with gasoline or carbon tetrachloride. The wafer is introduced as anode and dried between two graphite cathode in a solution of 95 parts by volume of concentrated phosphoric acid (98 ° / o or higher strength) and 5 parts by volume of concentrated nitric acid. The voltage between the titanium anode and the graphite cathodes is gradually increased up to 100 volts, creating a barrier layer of titanium oxide, which remains of excellent quality even after the electrolysis has ended.
Auf das mit dieser auf elektrolytischen Wege gebildeten Sperrschicht versehene Titanplättchen wird ein homogenes Gemisch zerstäubt, das wie folgt zusammengesetzt ist:On the titanium plate provided with this electrolytically formed barrier layer is a homogeneous mixture is atomized, which is composed as follows:
100 Volumteile absolutes Äthanol,
10 Gewichtsteile Rhodiumtrichlorid,
2 Volumteile gefärbtes venezianisches Terpentin, 5 Volumteile Hydrazinmonohydrochlorid.100 parts by volume of absolute ethanol,
10 parts by weight of rhodium trichloride,
2 parts by volume of colored Venetian turpentine, 5 parts by volume of hydrazine monohydrochloride.
5555
Wenn man an Hand der Farbe feststellt, daß die ganze Platte mit dem Gemisch bedeckt ist, trocknet man sie und erhitzt das Ganze mit freier Flamme auf eine Temperatur von höchstens 7000C. Es entsteht eine Rhodiumdeckschicht von etwa 2 Mikron.When one detects with reference to the color that the entire plate is covered with the mixture, drying it, and the whole was heated with an open flame to a temperature of at most 700 0 C. The result is a Rhodiumdeckschicht of about 2 microns.
Die so hergestellte Elektrode bewährt sich sehr gut als Anode zur Durchführung von Elektrolysen von allerlei Elektrolyten, insbesondere auch von chloridhaltigen Bädern, mit Ausnahme von Elektrolysen, bei welchen Fluor entwickelt wird. Die zulässige Stromdichte ist 70 Amp./dm2 und höher.The electrode produced in this way has proven itself very well as an anode for carrying out electrolyses of all kinds of electrolytes, in particular also of chloride-containing baths, with the exception of electrolyses in which fluorine is developed. The permissible current density is 70 Amp./dm 2 and higher.
Anstatt des vorstehenden Gemisches kann man mit dem Pinsel auch ein Gemisch auftragen, das aus olgenden Bestandteilen zusammengesetzt ist:Instead of the above mixture, you can use a brush to apply a mixture that consists of is composed of the following components:
100 Volumteile absolutes Äthanol,
10 Gewichtsteile Platintetrajodid,100 parts by volume of absolute ethanol,
10 parts by weight of platinum tetraiodide,
2 Gewichtsteile Rhodiumtrichlorid,
1 Volumteil Lavendelöl,2 parts by weight of rhodium trichloride,
1 part by volume of lavender oil,
3 Volumteile Colophoniumharz,
5 Volumteile Hydrazin.3 parts by volume rosin resin,
5 parts by volume of hydrazine.
Durch vorsichtiges Erhitzen entsteht auf der Oberfläche der Titanplatte oben auf der Sperrhaut eine Legierung aus Platin und Rhodium, die sich gleich gut bewährt wie eine Deckschicht aus Rhodium allein. Außerdem ist das Überpotential dieser Elektrode bedeutend niedriger als bei einer Elektrode mit einer Rhodiumdeckschicht, was Strom erspart.Careful heating creates a on the surface of the titanium plate on top of the barrier skin Alloy made from platinum and rhodium, which is just as effective as a top layer made from rhodium alone. In addition, the overpotential of this electrode is significantly lower than that of an electrode with a Rhodium top layer, which saves electricity.
Ein Titanstäbchen wird in der im Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Weise entfettet und einige Stunden in einer wäßrigen, 30 % Salpetersäure enthaltenden Lösung belassen, um gegebenenfalls an der Oberfläche befindliche Fremdmetallteile zu entfernen.A titanium rod is degreased in the manner described in Example 1 and a few hours in a aqueous solution containing 30% nitric acid to remove any on the surface Remove foreign metal parts.
Das Stäbchen wird darauf 2 Stunden in einem Luftoder Sauerstoffstrom auf 525 0C erhitzt, worauf es langsam abgekühlt wird.The rod is heated to 2 hours in an air or oxygen stream at 525 0 C, after which it is cooled slowly.
Das in dieser Weise mit einer Titanoxydsperrhaut versehene Stäbchen wird unter Anwendung des sogenannten elektrolytischen Pinselverfahrens mit einer äußerst dünnen Rhodiumschicht bedeckt.The rod, which is provided with a titanium oxide barrier skin in this way, is made using the so-called electrolytic brush process covered with an extremely thin layer of rhodium.
Dazu wird das Titanstäbchen an den negativen Pol einer Gleichstromquelle angeschlossen. Der positive Pol besteht aus einem Kohlenkern, der mit porösem Material, wie Wolle oder Watte, umwickelt ist. Dieses Material ist mit einer alkoholischen Lösung einer komplexen organischen Rhodiumverbindung durchtränkt; die Lösung enthält auch ein kräftiges Reduktionsmittel, z. B. Hydrazin. Drückt man diese feuchte Anode an das Titanstäbchen, so schlägt sich darauf Rhodiummetall nieder. Das ist teilweise die Folge der normalen Elektrolyse; außerdem wird nämlich bei dem Stromdurchgang durch die alkoholische Lösung infolge des großen Widerstands Wärme frei, wodurch die flüchtigen Bestandteile verdampfen und das Hydrazin seine reduzierende Wirkung ausüben kann.To do this, the titanium rod is connected to the negative pole of a direct current source. The positive one Pol consists of a carbon core that is wrapped in a porous material such as wool or wadding. This Material is impregnated with an alcoholic solution of a complex organic rhodium compound; the solution also contains a powerful reducing agent, e.g. B. hydrazine. If you press this damp Anode to the titanium rod, then rhodium metal is deposited on it. That is partly the result of normal electrolysis; in addition, when the current passes through the alcoholic solution heat is released due to the great resistance, whereby the volatile constituents evaporate and the Hydrazine can exert its reducing effect.
Das niedergeschlagene Rhodium haftet in besonders starkem Maße an der Titanoxydsperrhaut, welche durch die bei dem beschriebenen Verfahren herrschenden Bedingungen nicht beeinträchtigt wird.The precipitated rhodium adheres particularly strongly to the titanium oxide barrier, which is not affected by the conditions prevailing in the process described.
Dadurch, daß man die Anode dem Teil des Stäbchens zubewegt, wo man die Rhodiumdeckschicht zu erhalten wünscht, hat man es z. B. in der Hand, das Stäbchen z. B. zu drei Viertem mit Rhodium zu bedecken. Der übrige Teil braucht nicht mit einer Deckschicht versehen zu werden, weil er bei Anwendung als Anode ja doch nicht in den Elektrolyten eintaucht. Da auch dieser Teil an der Oberfläche eine Sperrhaut aus Titanoxyd aufweist, kann dort das Titan durch aufspritzende Tropfen u. dgl. nicht beschädigt werden.By moving the anode to the part of the rod where the rhodium top layer is to be wishes to receive, you have it z. B. in hand, the chopsticks z. B. to cover three fourths with rhodium. The remaining part does not need to be provided with a top layer, because when used as a The anode is not immersed in the electrolyte after all. Because this part also has a barrier skin on the surface of titanium oxide, the titanium cannot be damaged there by splashing drops and the like.
Das so bearbeitete Titanstäbchen bewährt sich vorzüglich als Anode für die Elektrolyse von Alkalichloridlösungen, zur Oxydation von Aldosen usw.The titanium rod processed in this way has proven to be an excellent anode for the electrolysis of alkali chloride solutions, for the oxidation of aldoses etc.
Titandrahtgewebe wird entfettet und in der im Beispiel 2 beschriebenen Weise gereinigt. Darauf wirdTitanium wire mesh is degreased and cleaned in the manner described in Example 2. On it will
das Drahtgewebe 3 Stunden in Argonatmosphäre auf 11000C erhitzt. Es zeigt sich, daß durch diese Behandlung das Titanoxyd, das sich immer an der Oberfläche von Titanmetall befindet, in eine chemisch resistentere Schicht umgewandelt wird, welche das darunterliegende Titan ausgezeichnet schützt, während der Strom elektronisch leicht geleitet wird, so daß eine Edelmetallschicht auf ihm abgelagert werden kann.the wire mesh is heated to 1100 ° C. in an argon atmosphere for 3 hours. It turns out that this treatment converts the titanium oxide, which is always on the surface of titanium metal, into a more chemically resistant layer, which protects the underlying titanium excellently, while the current is easily conducted electronically, so that a noble metal layer on it can be deposited.
Dazu wird das Drahtgewebe in ein Bad gestellt, das aus einer wäßrigen Lösung von H2PtCl6 · 6H2O besteht. Das Drahtgewebe wird an den negativen Pol einer Gleichstromquelle angeschlossen, während ein Platinplättchen als Anode dient. Um zu vermeiden, daß die Titanoxydsperrhaut auf dem Titandrahtgewebe durch eine kräftige Wasserstoffentwicklung beschädigt wird, wird die Elektrolyse bei einer möglichst niedrigen Voltzahl durchgeführt. Eine geeignete Voltzahl ist etwa 1,73 Volt bei einem Abstand von 3 cm zwischen den Elektroden. Nach 6 Stunden hat sich eine äußerst dünne, gut haftende Platinschicht abgelagert.For this purpose, the wire mesh is placed in a bath consisting of an aqueous solution of H 2 PtCl 6 · 6H 2 O. The wire mesh is connected to the negative pole of a direct current source, while a platinum plate serves as an anode. In order to avoid that the titanium oxide barrier on the titanium wire mesh is damaged by a strong evolution of hydrogen, the electrolysis is carried out at the lowest possible voltage. A suitable voltage is about 1.73 volts with 3 cm between electrodes. After 6 hours an extremely thin, well-adhering layer of platinum has deposited.
Die in dieser Weise hergestellte Elektrode läßt sich unter anderem sehr gut für die elektrolytische Herstellung von Persulfaten, Perboraten usw. anwenden.The electrode produced in this way can be used, among other things, very well for electrolytic production of persulfates, perborates, etc. apply.
Eine Titanplatte wird wie in den vorhergehenden Beispielen vorbehandelt. Das Fett wird jedoch zweckmäßiger entfernt, indem man Lösungsmitteldampf auf der Platte kondensieren läßt, wodurch für die Entfettung auch weniger Lösungsmittel erforderlich ist.A titanium plate is pretreated as in the previous examples. However, the fat becomes more convenient removed by letting solvent vapor condense on the plate, allowing for degreasing less solvent is also required.
Die Platte wird darauf einige Stunden bei einer Temperatur von 6O0C in einer wäßrigen Lösung belassen, welche 20% konzentrierte Schwefelsäure und 5% 30%iges Wasserstoffperoxyd enthält. Die Platte wird dann mit heißem Wasser abgespült und getrocknet.The plate is left out for several hours at a temperature of 6O 0 C in an aqueous solution containing 20% concentrated sulfuric acid and 5% of 30% hydrogen peroxide. The plate is then rinsed with hot water and dried.
Nach dieser Behandlung ist die Platte mit einer Sperrhaut aus Titanoxyd bedeckt, welche elektronisch vorzüglich leitet, jedoch ionogen einen äußerst hohen Widerstand hat. Sie wird in der im Beispiel 3 beschriebenen Weise in dem Bade angeordnet und an eine Stromquelle angeschlossen. Dem Bade wird jedoch Wasserstoffperoxyd oder ein anderes Oxydationsmittel zugegeben, wodurch der frei werdende Wasserstoff gebunden wird und weniger Beschädigungsgefahr für die Sperrhaut vorliegt. Bei einer Spannung von 2,4VoIt ist die Platte schon nach einer halben Stunde mit genügend Platin bedeckt.After this treatment, the plate is covered with a barrier skin made of titanium oxide, which is electronic excellently conducts, but has an extremely high ionic resistance. It is described in Example 3 Way arranged in the bath and connected to a power source. However, the bath will Hydrogen peroxide or another oxidizing agent is added, thereby releasing the hydrogen is bound and there is less risk of damage to the barrier skin. At a voltage of 2.4VoIt the plate is covered with enough platinum after just half an hour.
Auch die in dieser Weise hergestellte Elektrode eignet sich als Anode für allerlei Elektrolysen, z. B. in der Galvanoplastik, Chrombädern, Versilberungsbädern usw. The electrode produced in this way is also suitable as an anode for all kinds of electrolysis, e.g. B. in electroplating, chrome baths, silver plating baths, etc.
Eine Titanplatte wird wie im Beispiel 2 mit einer Sperrhaut versehen und darauf ein oder mehrere Male mit einer Lösung eingepinselt, die wie folgt hergestellt wurde:As in example 2, a titanium plate is provided with a barrier skin and on it one or more times brushed with a solution prepared as follows:
Man löst Ig PtCl4-5H2O in 2 cm3 100%igem Äthanol und setzt 10 cm3 Lavendelöl zu (Lösung 1).Ig PtCl 4 -5H 2 O is dissolved in 2 cm 3 of 100% ethanol and 10 cm 3 of lavender oil are added (solution 1).
Man löst 1 g IrCl4 in 2 cm3 100%igem Äthanol und setzt 10 cm3 Lavendelöl zu (Lösung 2).1 g of IrCl 4 is dissolved in 2 cm 3 of 100% ethanol and 10 cm 3 of lavender oil are added (solution 2).
Man vermischt die gesamte Lösung 1 mit 4 cm3 der Lösung 2, erwärmt das Gemisch in einem Kolben am Rückfluß während wenigstens einer Stunde auf etwa 900C, jedoch vorzugsweise länger und jedenfalls so lange, daß der aus dem Rückfluß kommende Dampf nicht mehr sauer reagiert.All of the solution 1 is mixed with 4 cm 3 of the solution 2, the mixture was heated in a flask at reflux for at least one hour at about 90 0 C, but preferably longer and at least as long that the coming out of the reflux steam no longer acidic reacted.
Mit dieser Lösung wird die Titanplatte eingepinselt und darauf erhitzt, bis das Lavendelöl seine reduzierende Wirkung ausgeübt hat (auf etwa 400 bis 600° C), wonach eine Platiniridiumlegierung festhaftend auf das Titanoxyd gefällt ist.The titanium plate is brushed with this solution and heated on it until the lavender oil has its reducing effect Has exerted an effect (to around 400 to 600 ° C), after which a platinum iridium alloy firmly adhered on which titanium oxide is precipitated.
Die Haftfähigkeit läßt sich noch verbessern, indem die Platte nach der Erhitzung in kaltem Wasser abgeschreckt wird.The adhesion can be further improved by quenching the plate in cold water after heating will.
Die in dieser Weise erhaltene Elektrode eignet sich ausgezeichnet zur Elektrolyse von Salzsäurelösungen bei einer Stromdichte von 100 Amp./cm2 und einem Potential von 2,7 Volt.The electrode obtained in this way is excellently suited for the electrolysis of hydrochloric acid solutions at a current density of 100 amps / cm 2 and a potential of 2.7 volts.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL235848 | 1959-02-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1115721B true DE1115721B (en) | 1961-10-26 |
Family
ID=19751552
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEA33857A Pending DE1115721B (en) | 1959-02-06 | 1960-02-02 | Process for the production of an electrode with a titanium core and a porous cover layer made of noble metal |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3234110A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE587237A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH398512A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1115721B (en) |
| DK (1) | DK98880C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1311108A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB925080A (en) |
| NL (2) | NL235848A (en) |
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| DE2035212A1 (en) * | 1970-07-16 | 1972-01-27 | Conradty Fa C | Metal anode for electrochemical processes |
| DE2210065A1 (en) * | 1970-11-02 | 1972-10-26 | PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. (V.StA.) | electrode |
| US4310363A (en) * | 1974-05-20 | 1982-01-12 | Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. | Sealed electric passages |
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-
1959
- 1959-02-06 NL NL235848D patent/NL235848A/xx unknown
- 1959-02-06 NL NL122179D patent/NL122179C/xx active
-
1960
- 1960-02-02 DE DEA33857A patent/DE1115721B/en active Pending
- 1960-02-02 CH CH109360A patent/CH398512A/en unknown
- 1960-02-03 BE BE587237A patent/BE587237A/en unknown
- 1960-02-03 DK DK41660AA patent/DK98880C/en active
- 1960-02-05 GB GB4209/60A patent/GB925080A/en not_active Expired
- 1960-02-05 FR FR817760A patent/FR1311108A/en not_active Expired
-
1964
- 1964-04-23 US US362180A patent/US3234110A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2035212A1 (en) * | 1970-07-16 | 1972-01-27 | Conradty Fa C | Metal anode for electrochemical processes |
| DE2210065A1 (en) * | 1970-11-02 | 1972-10-26 | PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. (V.StA.) | electrode |
| US4310363A (en) * | 1974-05-20 | 1982-01-12 | Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. | Sealed electric passages |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE587237A (en) | 1960-05-30 |
| FR1311108A (en) | 1962-12-07 |
| NL122179C (en) | 1966-12-15 |
| NL235848A (en) | |
| CH398512A (en) | 1966-03-15 |
| GB925080A (en) | 1963-05-01 |
| US3234110A (en) | 1966-02-08 |
| DK98880C (en) | 1964-06-01 |
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