DE1114746B - Driving pile with cell-forming parts attached to its circumference and cutting through the ground during driving - Google Patents

Description

Driving pile with attached to its perimeter, the ground when ramming cutting through cell-forming parts The invention relates to a driven pile with cell-forming cells attached to its circumference and cutting through the soil during ramming Share. It is known to have such driven piles on their circumference with flat or U-iron that form cells with the walls of the driven piles.

Because the soil penetrating these cells is between Clamped and braced against the rigid wall surfaces, earth plugs are formed in the cells formed, with the dispersing forces of these earth plugs from the cell walls be included. This is the same process as when ramming Hollow piles occurs, which are open at the bottom and in which also a plug of earth occurs arises.

An earth plug formed in this way disintegrates again when wall forces no longer counteract its dispersing forces. At the Ramming z. B. Soil emerging from the top of the cell disintegrates immediately in loosened soil, so that above the cell in the longitudinal direction of the pile the ground is loosened.

The invention aims to avoid such loosening of the soil, and their task is to control the flow of forces in the soil through the cell-forming cells Means not to be prevented. This is achieved in that with a driven pile of the type mentioned at the beginning, the elongated ones, in particular below and above Open cells forming parts at least with their lower end on the pile, preferably at the foot, are connected, either as flexible parts or as inherently rigid parts that are movable, e.g. B. articulated in connection with the pile stand in such a way that both the flexible and rigid parts pull into the ground when the pile is lowered, essentially axially Align with the pile and allow permanent earth plugs to form.

When such a stake is brought down, the dispersing Forces of the earth plug not absorbed by the cell walls as in the known case; rather, they are always in equilibrium with the forces of the earth outside the cells. The soil adjacent to the pile shaft is only in a certain layer thickness separated from the rest of the soil by interposing the thin cell wall.

Due to the shock impulses of the pile driving, the separated ones are compressed Soil layer and thus an additional lateral displacement and compaction also of the soil outside the separating layer.

In the granular soil z. B. is in a driven pile according to the invention due to the coincidence of grain groups and grain rearrangements an extraordinarily firm one Earth layer formed. Furthermore, clay soil is compacted during ramming in such a way that the Pore water is completely expelled after the end of the pile-driving process. That way the achieved soil condition remains even if the thin separating layer is removed, so that in the layers of earth that cut through when ramming the separating layer the soil is always compacted and wedged. This is to be considered insofar as than the cell-forming ones, arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically to the pile cross-section Parts according to a particular embodiment of the invention are very short.

The cell-forming parts can be at different heights of the pile shaft to be appropriate. You can use thin metal strips, plastic or textile strips exist. It is also possible to use flexible plates or for the cell-forming parts plates rigid in themselves; the z. B. are articulated to the stake shaft, too use. Furthermore, wires, cables or chains can be lined up next to one another connected plates serve as cell-forming parts.

The cell-forming parts are on a frame-like bracket Pile base connected. If they are not plate-shaped, they can be U-shaped be wrapped around this bracket.

In a further, advantageous embodiment of the invention are for more intensive Plugging or to relieve the thrust of the cell-forming cells Share these dividing, additional cell-forming agents above the cells arranged.

Finally, according to the invention, the cell-forming To make parts weaker in their upper area than in their lower area, further z. B. instead of a single band of the same thickness two or more Ribbons of smaller thickness and of different lengths, one behind the other to be attached to the stake shaft.

Some exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawing shown. Fig. 1 shows a rectangular driven pile while it is being lowered in longitudinal section with formed according to the invention cell-forming parts that are not yet fully drawn into the ground, Fig. 2 is a cross-section according to the Line A-B of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 the driven pile shown in Fig. 1 in longitudinal section, the cell-forming parts being drawn into the ground along their entire length Fig. 4 shows a driven pile consisting of an I-profile in a corresponding to Fig. 1 Stage, but with a different arrangement of the cell-forming parts, Fig. 5 a cross-section according to the line C-D of Fig. 4, Fig. 6 a driven pile consisting of an H-profile in side view with attached cell-forming parts, Fig. 7 a cross-section according to the line E-F of Fig. 6, Fig. 8 another deviating from Fig. 6 and 7 H-shaped driven pile in side view and Fig. 9 a cross-section to Fig. B.

According to Fig. 1 to 3 at the foot of a square post 1 is a frame-like Mount 2 attached to which six steel straps 3 a to 3 f are attached. When the pile is lowered, these loosely hanging steel strips become straight pulled into the ground, cutting through it. So it is created with participation the associated pile areas 1 according to Fig. 2 two cells Z, and Z z, the bottom and are open at the top. As a result of the effectiveness of the steel strips 3 a to 3 f, earth plugs formed in these cells by being upset by the shock pulses of the ram the layer of earth separated by the steel strips 3 a to 3 f and thus to one additional lateral displacement and compaction of the soil outside of the cells.

This earth consolidation can essentially be carried out on an intensive basis Effect of the pressure or shock impulses that pass through the separating layer, the can consist of thin metal strips made of plastic or textiles, suffers no loss. -For the degree of earth consolidation is the number of shock pulses authoritative. It is therefore beneficial to lower the post with many small rams. But it is already cheap, only in the last part of the lowering of the stake to replace the previously normally large pile-ups with smaller ones.

Since no forces are absorbed by the bands perpendicular to their surface and the compression and wedging process in constant equilibrium of the Forces between the separated and the rest of the earth runs, the solidified remains Soil condition persist even after removing the separating layer or the strips.

Furthermore, is therefore also in the post according to the invention itself Use of bands that are very short compared to the length of the pile the soil compacted and wedged along the entire embedment depth. At the top of the site As a result of this compaction, a deep depression forms around the pile.

Under the effect of the compression, the ligaments become somewhat outward pressed. They can also curl a little.

After the pile has been brought down, the bands are roughly as shown in Fig. 3 embedded. The compression zone is indicated by dashed lines for illustration. It only develops completely at a certain driving depth. The decisive one The advantage of increasing the load-bearing capacity of the pile is thus without significant Ramming made difficult.

After stakes were uncovered, it was found that the The pile base with its cantilevers is clamped and wedged in the ground to the extent that it is is that this should be an important introduction point for the pile forces. It the pile base must therefore be designed and dimensioned for this purpose.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5 , the two open profile sides are closed at the lower end of an I-shaped post 1 a, each with a welded-on web 4 a and 4 b. Around these webs, as cell-forming parts, appropriately long steel strips 5a, 5b of the width of the web length are laid around in a U-shape in such a way that both ends of each strip point upwards, one end always being able to reach less upwards than the other. As already noted, it is better to use the narrowest possible ribbons in a row instead of these wide ribbons. A special fastening is not necessary. Additional webs or the like can serve to protect the lower edge of the tapes.

The narrow bands are attached next to each other with the smallest possible distance. In general, the separating layer formed by the strips should, as far as possible, encompass the separated soil as a closed surface. However, even a partial encirclement can already bring favorable results. An example of such an arrangement is shown in Figs. 6 and 7. The post 1b - in the example an H-beam - is provided with a frame-like holder 6 at its lower end, like the post according to Figs. On each side of this bracket a tape loop 7a or 7b is provided so that in this case too, with regard to the intended effect, two spaces Z to be addressed as cells; and Z4 are formed. Of course, this does not exclude the fact that, for example, belt loops can also be provided around the longitudinal edge sections 6a, 6b and / or 6d, whereby the spaces Z .; and Z4 become regular cells again.

Fig. 8 and 9 also show a post 1 c from H-profile, in which the formation of a cell Z- is only wanted on one side. This post 1c also has Good ramming properties with the asymmetrical arrangement of cell Z5. The cell forming bands are labeled S a, 8 b and 8 c. The influence the Lateral forces from plug formation act here asymmetrically on the ramming process opposite.

Another example of an unbalanced ribbon arrangement is at Use an open pile with a U-shaped profile. The open profile side in this case is closed with a bar at the lower end of the pile, and there will be then bands or the like of appropriate length and width attached to the web.

The embodiments described above show that the Application forms of the invention are diverse. Regarding the cell-forming parts it should also be noted in this connection that it is not only with its lower Need to be attached to the end of the stake; you can additionally if this the compliance perpendicular to its surface is maintained, even with its upper one Be attached to the end of the stake or guided. In this case the means lie from the outset when driving parallel to the pile axis.

Claims (11)

PATENT CLAIMS: I. Driving pile with attached to its perimeter, the Cell-forming parts that cut through when ramming, characterized in that that the elongated parts, in particular open cells at the bottom and at the top at least with its lower end connected to the pile, preferably to its foot are, either as flexible parts or as inherently rigid parts that movable, e.g. B. are articulated with the driven pile in such a way that both the flexible and the inherently rigid parts when lowering the Pull the driven pile into the ground, essentially aligning it axially to the driven pile and thereby create earth plugs. 2. driven pile according to claim 1, characterized in that that the cell-forming parts are symmetrical or asymmetrical to the pile cross-section arranged and are very short compared to the embedment length of the pile. 3rd driven pile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cell-forming parts in different heights of the pile shaft are attached. 4. Driving pile after one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cell-forming parts are made of thin Metal bands, made of plastic or textile bands. 5th driven pile after one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cell-forming parts from flexible plates or rigid plates that z. B. articulated with the stake shaft connected exist. 6. driven pile according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the cell-forming parts in the form of lined up Wires, cables or plates connected like a chain are formed. 7. Driving pile according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cell-forming Parts are connected to a frame-like bracket on the pile base. B. Driven pile according to claim 7, characterized in that the cell-forming parts, insofar as they are not plate-shaped, looped around the frame-like bracket in a U-shape are. 9. Driving pile according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that for more intensive plug formation or to relieve the shear forces of the cell-forming cells Divide these dividing, additional cell-forming agents within the cells are arranged. 10. Driving pile according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that that the cell-forming parts are weaker in their upper part than in their lower part Area are trained. 11. Driving pile according to claim 10, characterized in that that z. B. instead of a single band of the same thickness two or more Ribbons of smaller thickness and of different lengths, one behind the other are attached to the stake shaft. Publications considered: German patent specification No. 646 400.