DE1113331B - Fuels for rockets, stato and turbo reactors based on hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Description

Fuels for rockets, stato and turbo reactors based on hydrocarbons The invention relates to fuels with increased calorie content, which are made from mixtures of aluminum or magnesium in a finely granulated state in liquid hydrocarbons exist, the stability of such mixtures by the presence of a small amount of polyethylene.

U.S. Patent 2642345 describes suspensions of alkali metals in liquid hydrocarbons with the addition of polyethylene, which in .very low Concentrations can be used as combustion additives to diesel fuels.

The blends of the present invention differ from one another these known suspensions in that they are stable at normal temperature Contain metal and that they are used directly as fuels with increased calorific value for rockets, Stator reactors and turbo reactors can be used.

The high polymer polyethylene is used as a stabilizing agent that is already known per se applied, since by it one obtains the greatest stability of the mixtures which are obtained lets, can get.

The stabilizers for suspensions that have been used up to now did not have all of these properties at the same time. So z. B. the aluminum soaps decomposed by water, so that the suspensions of a solid phase in an organic Liquids made on the basis of such soaps do not lose their stability can maintain in the presence of moisture.

The same mixtures prepared according to the invention keep in contrast to this their stability not only for a long time, but also in relation to it all chemical agents within a wide temperature range.

In addition, the high polymer polyethylene is light in an organic one Medium dispersible, even in the molten state, the mixture then brought back to the usual temperature. It should be noted that in the latter case the dispersion retains its homogeneous character even after cooling maintains.

Keeping solid substances in suspension in liquid organic ones Media depends on the average molecular weight of the high polymer and the concentration of the same, with which it is applied, in such a way that when mixed together of the two means has the option of suitably adjusting the viscosity and the To modify the thixotropy of the organic medium and so in the aluminum and magnesium must be as finely divided as possible, since the stability of the mixtures The more finely divided the solid is, the better it is. Generally supposed the granulated particles have an average diameter below 200 microns and preferably. from 1 to 100 microns. So z. B. the magnesium in the vapor state in the combustible liquid dispersed or in the liquid state in an inert gas be pulverized.

It is not within the scope of the invention to specifically manufacture it of solids in a finely divided granular state. Such a one Manufacture is carried out according to known methods.

The weight ratio of solid to liquid should not be too great otherwise the mixture will be difficult to flow. Thus there appears a relationship that above is not of interest, and preferably the ratio below 1 is chosen.

The liquid fuel advantageously becomes liquid from those Hydrocarbons selected that have a boiling point at ordinary pressure above 180 ° C and preferably between 10 and 350 ° C. Petroleum fractions, like kerosene or Gas oil boiling within these limits can can be used advantageously.

The amount of polymer applied depends on its physical Properties - and - on the degree of polymerization. Generally one has to be around the lower the amount of polymer used, the higher the degree of polymerization is the same. The amount is advantageously between 0.5 and 10 percent by weight of liquid fuel.

You can optionally add an agent to the dispersion liquid, which has hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties at the same time. Such a thing Agent is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 100/9. Such Agents can be ionic or non-ionic. This is z. B. to acids or amines of long-chain hydrocarbons (which on average are a "hydrocarbon radical of 4 carbon atoms or more) and / or surface-active agents such as: B. von K i r k and O t h m e r in Ecyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 13, p.513 (1954), Interscience Publishers. One can then use it as fuels liquid hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 80 to 350 ° C in use bring.

In order to maintain the stability of the mixtures obtained using e.g. For example, to estimate kerosene as a liquid fuel, one controls the kerosene rising on the surface and the sedimentation. the solid phase within a specified time during which the mixture is not agitated. The stability is quantitatively characterized by the volume ratio of the free kerosene and by the homogeneity index of the suspension of the solid phase in the stationary kerosene. The homogeneity index is defined as the product of 100 and the arithmetic mean of the absolute value deviations between the densities of the suspension at different levels and the mean density of the same. In the practical implementation, the homogeneity index is determined in the following way: From a vertically arranged tube, which contains the suspension with an average density D and which is kept for 8 days at room temperature, four equal-volume withdrawals are made in constant periods of time Density d, determined at each withdrawal. The homogeneity index is then obtained according to the following formula: Example 1 At room temperature, 125 g of magnesium powder are dispersed in 500 cc of kerosene (boiling range = 180 to 280 ° C.).

The mixture is practically stable for only 3 hours. After 8 days of the At rest, 225 cc of free kerosene rose to the surface.

The homogeneity index of the mixture that is retained by magnesium in the Kerosene is formed is 5.

Example 2 The same mixture is produced as in the work according to the example 1, but previously in the kerosene 1 percent by volume of a polyethylene dispersed, which has an average molecular weight of 20,000. You get this dispersion by stirring -melted polyethylene in kerosene, the is kept at the same temperature, and then the mixture is cooled.

The mixture remains stable for practically 12 hours. After 8 days are 175 cc of free kerosene rose to the surface.

The homogeneity index of the kerosene retained by the magnesium in the formed mixture is 3.

Example 3 The procedure of Example 2 is followed, wherein However, the kerosene is 2 percent by volume of the polyethylene described in Example 2 clogs.

The mixture remains stable for practically 18 hours. After 8 days of the 130 cc of free kerosene have risen to the surface.

The homogeneity index of the kerosene retained by the magnesium in the The resulting mixture is 2. Example 4 The procedure of the example is followed 2, but the kerosene is 3 percent by volume of the polyethylene described in Example 2 clogs.

The mixture remains stable for practically 24 hours. After 8 days of the 90 cc of free kerosene have risen to the surface.

The homogeneity index of the mixture formed by the magnesium in the stationary kerosene is 0.8. EXAMPLE 5 125 g of aluminum powder are dispersed at room temperature in a dispersion of 2 percent by volume of polyethylene with an average molecular weight of 20,000 in 500 cc of gas oil (boiling range = 300 to 350 1 C).

The suspension remains stable for practically 24 hours. After 8 days 100 cc of free gas oil have risen to the surface during rest.

Example 6 A dispersion of 25 g of aluminum is prepared in the form of finely divided parts Powder (mean diameter of the particles 5 microns), 4 g of polyethylene with a average molecular weight of 20,000 and 3 g of oleic acid in kerosene with a boiling range from 180 to 250 ° C 'using a sufficient amount of the latter, to get a total volume of 100 ccm: The amount of kerosene that separates is 1 cc after 24 hours and 15 cc after 2 months. Example 7 You work following the procedure of Example 6, but using only 2 g of oleic acid and adding another 2 g of stearylamine. The amount of kerosene that separates reaches after 24 hours 2 cc and after 2 months 20 cc. Example 8 It becomes after the procedure of Example 7 worked, but the stearylamine by 2 g a polyoxyethylene derivative of oleic acid is replaced. The amount of yourself kerosene separating it reaches 2 cc after 24 hours and 24 cc after 2 months.

The mixtures thus obtained are by means of air or oxygen Combustion tests have been subjected. Good results are especially with Mixtures of magnesium.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Fuels for rockets, stator reactors and turbo reactors based on hydrocarbons in the boiling range from 80 to 350 ° C, characterized in that they consist of mixtures of finely divided aluminum or magnesium with the addition of polyethylene in the hydrocarbons. z. Fuels according to Claim 1, characterized by an aluminum or magnesium content in amounts of at least 10 percent by weight, based on the total mixture. 3. Fuels according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the degree of polymerization of the polyethylene is between 1000 and 100,000 <4. Fuels according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that they also contain a known surface-active agent. 5. Fuels according to claim 4, characterized in that the surfactant is a long-chain acid or a long-chain amine. 6. Fuels according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the mixture contains at most 66 percent by weight of aluminum or magnesium, 0.05 to 10 percent by weight of polyethylene and 0.01 to 10 percent by weight of the surfactant. 7. Fuels according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that aluminum or magnesium is used as particles of an average diameter below 200 microns, preferably from 1 to 100 microns. Documents considered: German Patent No. 933 829; German Auslegeschrift No. 1015 268; U.S. Patent Nos. 2,462,344, 2,462,345; British Patent No. 637,220; French additional patent specification No. 56 138 (addition to patent specification No. 989 163); French Patent No. 1076 493; Swiss patent specification No. 307 003.