DE1107871B - Heating element emitting infrared rays - Google Patents
Heating element emitting infrared raysInfo
- Publication number
- DE1107871B DE1107871B DEC17613A DEC0017613A DE1107871B DE 1107871 B DE1107871 B DE 1107871B DE C17613 A DEC17613 A DE C17613A DE C0017613 A DEC0017613 A DE C0017613A DE 1107871 B DE1107871 B DE 1107871B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- aluminum oxide
- partition
- infrared rays
- sintered
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/025—Mixtures of materials with different sizes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/025—Other inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/08—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances quartz; glass; glass wool; slag wool; vitreous enamels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
- H05B3/44—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Infrarotstrahlen aussendendes Heizelement, bei dem der Strahler von einer dünnen Trennwand oder Hülle aus gesintertem, Metalloxyde enthaltendem Material umgeben ist.The invention relates to a heating element emitting infrared rays, in which the radiator of is surrounded by a thin partition or shell made of sintered material containing metal oxides.
Die Hülle ist dazu bestimmt, die Wärmeverluste durch Konvektion zu verringern, indem sie den Strahler gegen die Strömungen der Umgebungsluft isoliert, und sie muß daher die hindurchgehende Infrarotstrahlung so wenig wie möglich absorbieren. Sie besteht im allgemeinen aus Siliciumoxyd oder einem anderen keramischen Material bekannter Art, beispielsweise Cordierit.The envelope is designed to reduce convection heat loss by removing the Radiators insulated against the currents of the ambient air, and they must therefore be able to pass through Absorb infrared radiation as little as possible. It generally consists of silicon oxide or another ceramic material of known type, for example cordierite.
Diese üblicherweise für die Trennwand oder Hülle verwendeten keramischen Stoffe absorbieren einen großen Teil der von dem Strahler ausgesendeten Wärme, so daß sie sich beträchtlich erhitzen. Diese Erscheinung hat einen beträchtlichen Wärmeverlust durch Konvektion zur Folge, so daß die Strahlungswärme vermindert wird. Dadurch wird der Strahlungswirkungsgrad des Heizelements herabgesetzt.These ceramic materials usually used for the partition wall or shell absorb one large part of the heat emitted by the radiator, so that they heat up considerably. These The phenomenon results in a considerable loss of heat by convection, so that the radiant heat is decreased. This reduces the radiation efficiency of the heating element.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dieser Nachteil dadurch beseitigt, daß der Durchmesser der Körner des Materials unter 1Ao Mikron liegt.According to the invention, this disadvantage is eliminated in that the diameter of the grains of the material is less than 1 Ao microns.
Es wurde festgestellt, daß das Heizelement bei der erfindungsgemäß angewendeten Korngröße im Diffusionsbereich ohne Lord-Rayleigh-Absorption arbeitet. Daher geht praktisch die gesamte Strahlungsenergie durch die Hülle bzw. Trennwand hindurch. Die üblicherweise angewendeten keramischen Stoffe, beispielsweise auf Cordieritbasis, werden nach üblichen Herstellungsverfahren gesintert und sind daher wesentlich grobkörniger, so daß bei ihnen dieser Vorteil nicht eintritt.It was found that the heating element with the grain size used according to the invention in the diffusion range works without Lord Rayleigh absorption. Hence practically all of the radiant energy goes through the shell or partition. The commonly used ceramic materials, for example based on cordierite, are sintered using conventional manufacturing processes and are therefore much coarse-grained, so that this advantage does not occur with them.
Wenn das Material der Trennwand oder Hülle Aluminiumoxyd ist, kann gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung die angegebene Korngröße dadurch erhalten werden, daß das Material aus Aluminiumoxydpulver der ^-Modifikation zur Vermeidung eines übermäßigen Kornwachstums bei einer Temperatur von unter 1200° C gesintert ist.If the material of the partition or shell is aluminum oxide, according to a preferred one Embodiment of the invention, the specified grain size can be obtained in that the material from aluminum oxide powder of the ^ modification to avoid excessive grain growth is sintered at a temperature below 1200 ° C.
Die Erfindung wird durch die beiden im folgenden angegebenen Beispiele erläutert, die sich auf ein Rohr bzw. eine Platte aus feinkörnigem Aluminiumoxyd gemäß der Erfindung beziehen.The invention is illustrated by the two examples given below, which relate to a Relate tube or plate made of fine-grain aluminum oxide according to the invention.
Es wird eine Hülle in Form eines Rohres gebildet, das zur Aufnahme eines metallischen Heizwiderstandes bestimmt ist, dessen Betriebstemperatur in der Größenordnung von 10000C liegt. Das Rohr wird aus Aluminiumoxydpulver der ^-ModifikationThere is formed a cover in the form of a tube which is intended to receive a metallic heating resistor, whose operating temperature is in the order of 1000 0 C. The tube is made of alumina powder of the ^ modification
Anmelder:Applicant:
Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie
sans FiI, ParisCompagnie Generale de Telegraphie
sans FiI, Paris
Vertreter: Dipl.-Ing. E. Prinz und Dr. rer. nat.
G. Hauser, Patentanwälte, München-Pasing,
Bodenseestr. 3 aRepresentative: Dipl.-Ing. E. Prince and Dr. rer. nat.
G. Hauser, patent attorneys, Munich-Pasing,
Bodenseestr. 3 a
Beanspruchte Priorität:
ι« Frankreich vom 18. Oktober 1957Claimed priority:
ι «France of October 18, 1957
Pierre Aigrain, Paris,
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenPierre Aigrain, Paris,
has been named as the inventor
hergestellt, dessen mittlere Korngröße in der Größen-Ordnung von 2/ioo bis 3/ioo Mikron liegt.prepared whose average grain size ioo is in the size order of 2/3 to / ioo microns.
Aus diesem Pulver wird nach Mischung mit einem geeigneten Bindemittel, beispielsweise einer Mischung aus Terpentinextrakt und Ceresin, durch Strangpressung ein Rohr hergestellt. Im Verlauf der Sinterung, die bei einer Temperatur zwischen 1100 und 1200° C durchgeführt wird, wandelt sich das y-Aluminiumoxyd in a-Aluminiumoxyd um. Das gebrannte Rohr hat einen Durchmesser in der Größenordnung von 15 mm, eine Dicke in der Größenordnung von 1 mm und eine Länge in der Größenordnung von 500 mm. Der Heizwiderstand wird in einer in der Technik üblichen Weise im Inneren des Keramikrohrs angeordnet und befestigt.After mixing with a suitable binder, for example a mixture, this powder becomes made of turpentine extract and ceresin, a tube made by extrusion. In the course of sintering, which is carried out at a temperature between 1100 and 1200 ° C, the γ-aluminum oxide changes into a-aluminum oxide. The burned pipe is on the order of magnitude in diameter of 15 mm, a thickness of the order of 1 mm and a length of the order of 500 mm. The heating resistor is located in the interior of the ceramic tube in a manner customary in the art arranged and attached.
In diesem Beispiel besteht die Trennwand aus einer Platte, die vor einem Infrarotstrahler angeordnet werden soll, der seinerseits aus einer feuerfesten porösen Keramikplatte besteht, die durchlöchert ist und an deren Oberfläche die Verbrennung eines Gases stattfindet, so daß sie als Infrarotstrahlerscheibe wirkt. Durch das Vorhandensein der Trennwand wird die Flamme der Strahlerscheibe gegen die Umgebungsluft isoliert, wodurch die Sicherheit der Anordnung erhöht und das Herausschleudern von Teilchen verhindert wird.In this example, the partition consists of a plate that is placed in front of an infrared heater which in turn consists of a refractory porous ceramic plate that is perforated and on the surface of which the combustion of a gas takes place, so that it acts as an infrared radiator disc works. Due to the presence of the partition, the flame of the radiator disc is against the Ambient air is isolated, which increases the safety of the arrangement and prevents it from being thrown out Particle is prevented.
109 60W222109 60W222
Die Trennwand wird dadurch erhalten, daß das zuvor beschriebene v-Aluminiumoxydpulver mit einem geeigneten Bindemittel verpreßt wird, beispielsweise mit einem Polyvinylalkohol. Nach dem Sintern, das bei einer Temperatur zwischen 1100 und 12000C geschieht, erhält man eine rechteckige Platte von 10 bis 20 cm Seitenlänge und einer Dicke von einigen Millimetern. Diese Platte wird in üblicher Weise vor der Strahlerscheibe befestigt.The partition is obtained by pressing the above-described γ-aluminum oxide powder with a suitable binder, for example with a polyvinyl alcohol. After sintering, which takes place at a temperature between 1100 and 1200 ° C., a rectangular plate with a side length of 10 to 20 cm and a thickness of a few millimeters is obtained. This plate is attached in the usual way in front of the radiator panel.
Die zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele zeigen den Grundgedanken der Erfindung. Es lassen sich danach natürlich Aluminiumoxydhüllen in beliebigen Formen und Abmessungen herstellen. Es können auch andere Herstellungsverfahren angewendet werden, soweit sie die erforderliche Feinkörnigkeit des gesinterten Materials ergeben.The exemplary embodiments described above show the basic idea of the invention. Leave it After that, of course, aluminum oxide shells can be produced in any shape and size. It Other manufacturing processes can also be used, provided they have the required fine grain size of the sintered material.
Es ist zu erkennen, daß sich die zuvor geschilderten Verfahren sehr wesentlich von den allgemein angewendeten industriellen Verfahren unterscheiden, bei denen die Sinterung bei sehr viel höheren Temperaturen durchgeführt wird und die daher ein sehr viel gröberkörniges Aluminiumoxyd ergeben.It can be seen that the processes described above differ very significantly from the general ones different industrial processes used, in which the sintering takes place at much higher temperatures is carried out and which therefore result in a very much coarser-grained aluminum oxide.
Anstatt des in den Beispielen angegebenen feinkörnigen Aluminiumoxyds können als Ausgangsstoffe auch andere Arten von anorganischen Pulvern in Betracht gezogen werden, soweit sie sich bei entsprechender Behandlung unter Erzielung von Korngrößen von weniger als 0,1 μ Durchmesser sintern lassen. Dies ist insbesondere bei Titanoxyd der Fall.Instead of the fine-grain aluminum oxide given in the examples, starting materials can be used other types of inorganic powders may also be considered, provided that they are appropriate Sinter treatment to achieve grain sizes of less than 0.1 μ in diameter permit. This is particularly the case with titanium oxide.
Claims (2)
Deutsche Patentanmeldung S 21663 VIII d/ 21 h (bekanntgemacht am 24.1.1952).Considered publications:
German patent application S 21663 VIII d / 21 h (published on January 24, 1952).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2961628X | 1957-10-18 | ||
| FR893724X | 1957-10-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1107871B true DE1107871B (en) | 1961-05-31 |
Family
ID=26227784
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEC17613A Pending DE1107871B (en) | 1957-10-18 | 1958-10-04 | Heating element emitting infrared rays |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2961628A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1107871B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4123266A1 (en) * | 1991-07-13 | 1993-01-21 | Braun Ag | BREADROESTER INSULATING PIPE HEATING |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1705300A (en) * | 1927-07-25 | 1929-03-12 | Burdick Corp | Therapeutic lamp |
| US2092815A (en) * | 1935-11-23 | 1937-09-14 | Rca Corp | Cathode heater insulation |
| US2372212A (en) * | 1942-03-03 | 1945-03-27 | American Electro Metal Corp | Electrical heating element |
| US2714096A (en) * | 1952-03-31 | 1955-07-26 | Csf | Non-linear resistances |
-
1958
- 1958-10-04 DE DEC17613A patent/DE1107871B/en active Pending
- 1958-10-14 US US767130A patent/US2961628A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US2961628A (en) | 1960-11-22 |
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