DE1165911B - Device for the automatic extraction of square roots - Google Patents

Description

Device for the automatic pulling of square roots The invention refers to a device for automatically pulling square roots Calculating machines with a carriage with a number arranged in a sequence of digits Groups of setting elements of a setting mechanism for displaying various Numerical values in a counter, furthermore with an automatically operating division device for dividing a dividend stored in the register by an in the setting dial entered divisor as well as with a setting dial drive device.

With this device, the task should be solved automatically the square root of a radicand introduced into the counter (either a whole number, a decimal fraction or a mixed number).

The square root can be calculated by hand in known calculating machines to be pulled. This square root pulling process takes a fairly long and complicated process Procedure that requires considerable exercise from the calculator and also complete attention to it the calculation work demands, since the possibility for mistakes is great. Pulling the square root is in a calculating machine by the successive subtractions of odd Numbers carried out from the radicand entered in the counter. The procedure is based on the mathematical proposition that the square of a number is always equal to the Is the sum of as many consecutive odd numbers - starting from 1 - as indicates the number to be squared, e.g. B.

52 = 1 + 315 + 7 + 9 = 25. This is shown in the following table: On top of each other - Odd sum of the on following other Numbers numbers odd numbers 1 1 1 2. 3 4 3 5 g 4 7 16 5 9 25 6 11 36 7 13 49 8 15 64 9 17 81 10 19 100 49 97 2401 50 99 2500 ETC. etc. etc. The usual hand-based square rooting method enables certain abbreviations by starting from the left side of the number. This also applies to taking square roots using a calculating machine. Just as division is the repeated subtraction of the divisor from the dividend, so square rooting is the subtraction of consecutive odd numbers from the output factor, with the number recorded in the revolution counter giving the correct root. This square root rule has also been applied to the hand-operated calculator.

This process consists of the following stages: A. The machine will be used Taking square roots prepared by putting the car in its extreme right position is provided. The switching device for the revolution counter is set in such a way that that the revolution counter works in the opposite direction with respect to the counter (das The revolution counter counts positively during the subtraction process), and the automatic Key erase device is turned off.

B. The number is entered in the number discs on the top left, preferably the leftmost digit immediately above the leftmost digit Row of keys. Entries can be made in the usual way using the keypad or by directly introducing the numerical value in the counter by means of the usual setting wheels on the dial shafts take place.

C. The decimal point is then placed in its correct position. For this purpose, the radicand is divided into groups of two places, as in the square root is drawn using the manual calculation method, and the comma becomes shifted by one place for each group of two numbers present in the radicand.

D. It begins in the row under the rightmost number of the outermost left group of numbers, d. H. under the leftmost digit if the outermost left group has only one number, or below the second digit of the extreme left Number if the leftmost group has two numbers. From the number in question the value "1" is deducted. Then the odd numbers 3, 5, 7, 9 etc. become in subtracted from this sequence until the numeric value on the keypad reaches the value at which the next key value, i.e. H. the next odd number, from the one on the left Group of the radicand cannot be deducted.

E. This last odd number becomes the next higher even number increased and the carriage moved one place to the left. Should be the last odd Number is a "9", then a "1" is inserted in the next higher digit and erased the "9", increasing the value of "9" to "10" like this the rule requires.

F. In the first row, the one to the right of the pressed and in theirs in the locked position, the consecutive odd Numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, etc. subtracted. If there are more than five subtractions, d. H. the subtracted values go beyond the "9", the "9" is converted into an "11 <c transformed by converting the "9" into a "1" in this row of digits and a "1" is added to the value in the row of digits to the left stands.

G. If the odd number in the setting mechanism reaches a value that can no longer be subtracted from the number in the counter, it becomes last odd number increased to the next higher even number, d. H. the right one Number is increased by "1" and the carriage is shifted one row to the left.

Subtracting consecutive odd numbers and that Moving the carriage to the left continues until the square root is drawn is. As soon as the calculation procedure has been carried out over five digits of the result the division key can be pressed and a regular division can be initiated. In other words: with a conventional ten-key pad, it is sufficient to pull the square root over the first five digits, counting from the left, for all practical purposes. If a regular division is initiated after this point has been reached, that is Result correct in all first places and is probably also in the lowest or right-hand places approximately correct. If errors occur, then they do a number located in the right-hand part of the revolution counter is limited. The error is therefore irrelevant in a nine- or ten-digit result.

An example of taking square roots is given below, where the number 390937.5625 is used as a radical, with an explanation of the proceedings.

The values in the counter disks above the keyboard after one. Adjustment of the carriage; () The numbers on the keyboard to the left of the number in which values are changed manually. Counter reading Level value in the setting mechanism in the totalizer revolution counter Discs 1 The factor is deleted in the count 390937.5625 plant introduced (carriage in the extreme legal status) 2 subtraction 0100000000 380937.5625 100.0000000 3 subtraction 0300000000 350937.5625 200.0000000 4 subtraction 0500000000 300937.5625 300.0000000 5 subtraction 0700000000 230937.5625 400.0000000 6 subtraction 0900000000 140937.5625 500.0000000 7 subtraction 1100000000 030937.5625 600.0000000 8 Increase 1100000000 to 1200000000 9 Adjustment of the carriage by a 30937.56250 600.0000000 Position to the left 10 subtraction (12) 10000000 18837.56250 610.0000000 11 Subtraction (12) 30000000 06537.56250 620.0000000 12 Increase- (12) 30000000 to (12) 40000000 13 Adjustment of the carriage by a 6537,562500 Position to the left Counter reading Level value in the setting mechanism in the totalizer revolution counter Discs 14 Subtraction (124) 1000000 5296.562500 621.0000000 15 Subtraction (124) 3000000 4053.562500 622.0000000 16 Subtraction (124) 5000000 2808.562500 623.0000000 17 Subtraction (124) 7000000 1561.562500 624.0000000 18 Subtraction (124) 9000000 0312.562500 625.0000000 19 Increase (124) 9000000 to (125) 0000000 20 Adjustment of the carriage by a 312.5625000 Position to the left 21 subtraction (1250) 100000 187.5525000 625.1000000 22 Subtraction (1250) 300000 062.5225000 625.2000000 23 Increase (1250) 300000 (1250) 400000 24 Adjustment of the carriage by a 62.52250000 Position to the left 25 subtraction (12504) 10000 50.01840000 625.2100000 26 subtraction (12504) 30000 37.51410000 625.2200000 27 Subtraction (12504) 50000 25.00960000 625.2300000 28 Subtraction (12504) 70000 12.50490000 625.2400000 29 subtraction (12504) 90000 00.000000000 625.2500000 The point pointer is set three places to the right of the highest working number disc of the revolution counter, ie at (7) in the machine used as an example.

At the end of the invoice, the value in the setting is to be equal to twice the value in the revolution counter. In conclusion the value in the setting unit is increased by 1.

When taking the square root, the steps mentioned under D, E and G can be modified by subtracting the successive odd numbers until one rotation has been carried out too much, which is indicated in known calculating machines by striking a bell. The last subtracted value is then added again to the remaining number in a single additive correction move. With this pull, the counter dials are set back to the value that was in the dial before the excessive rotation was carried out. The last odd number that would be set in the machine, however, has not been changed, so that in this case the value in the setting mechanism is reduced to the next lower even number. must, `during or after the carriage to the left. has been postponed. The calculation is then repeated- Level value in setting mechanism counter reading @ turn- in the counter disks counter 8 a subtraction 1300000000 900937.5625 (bell). . 700 8 b addition 1300000000 030937,5625 (bell) 600 8c reduction 1300000000 to1200000000 The same procedure would take place at stages 12, 19, and 23. With such a modified method, the result is the same. However, with this method, the computer does not have to pay attention to the values in the counter, so that the work is much faster than the method described first. The first method is generally used because it is easier to understand, but the second method is simpler from a technical point of view. The modified procedure is mentioned at this point, since it is mechanically easier to bring to the attention of an excessive rotation in an independent machine - than to make the difference between the numerical value in the setting mechanism and the numerical value in the numerical mechanism recognizable. The second method for pulling square roots is therefore used in the device described below for automatically pulling square roots. This procedure also exists. an end value in the setting unit which is equal to twice the value of the root or the value in the revolution counter. The stages are briefly summarized as follows: 1. Automatic change of the numerical value in the setting mechanism in order to gradually subtract successive odd numbers from the numerical value in the counter; 2. Indication of too much rotation; 3. Perform a corrected addition; 4. Reduction of the numerical value in the setting mechanism by »1«; 5. Adjustment of the carriage by one digit to the left (steps 8 a, 8 b and 9); 6. Carry out a series of subtractions in which the numerical value in the setting mechanism is changed step by step in order to subtract successive odd numbers so that the square root of the numerical value in the counter is drawn automatically and precisely.

The automatic pulling of square roots is carried out according to the invention one through the adjuster drive device at the same time as the dividing device actuated setting value changing device causes the from machine game to machine game progressively the setting elements of the setting mechanism in a predetermined order adjusts to certain values of a sequence of numbers.

Known facilities have only been described so far that they show the surroundings of the novel structure. For simplification are in the drawings many parts and devices not belonging to the device according to the invention has been omitted and only those parts shown with the inventive Device work together directly.

The description of the invention is based on the drawings. In the drawings is F i g. 1 is a plan view of a calculating machine in which between the rows of keys on the keypad are those on the front of the machine eleven buttons are visible, by means of which the automatic root extraction is initiated will, F i g. Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the machine between the first and the second Series of numbers according to line 2-2 of FIG. 16, the usual adjusting device as well as the carriage can be seen, which the counter disks and the disks of the Contains revolution counter, and also a view of the right front side of the switching device for pulling the square root.

F i g. 3 is a right side view of the right frame plate of FIG Machine with clutch and motor switch and part of the automatic key lock, F i g. 4 is a side view from the left of the subframe plate lying on the right, the particularly shows part of the division switching device associated with the invention is, F i g. 5 is a side view from the right of the subframe plate on the right; especially the switching device for the revolution counter and the rest Part of the division device of the machine shown can be seen, F i g. 6 is a plan view of part of the machine with the division indexing device and FIG part of the alignment device for the division device, FIG. 7 is a rear view of a part of the machine with the aforementioned division alignment device, FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the switch-on device in front of the keypad on FIG the front of the machine, with various known parts omitted are, F i g. 9 is a side view from the left of the left frame plate with the one according to the invention Apparatus, the known structures not required for the operation of the apparatus are omitted, F i g. 10 is an enlarged view of the top left Part of FIG. 9 shown device, F i g. 11 is a perspective view of the in the F i g. 9 and 10 illustrated pin wheel and the associated devices, F i g. 12 a side view from the right of the subframe plate on the right (attached about the in F i g. 5 device shown), especially the drive device the machine when pulling square roots as well as the device for automatic deletion the automatically set numerical values after pulling the root shows F i G. 13 shows an individual representation along line 13-13 in FIG. 16 of a linkage that in the upper right-hand corner of FIG. 12 is there, but represented by Devices is covered, F i g. 14 is a plan view of the extinguishing clutch along the line 14-14 of FIG. 12, fig. 15 is a top plan view of the left-hand portion of FIG Square root device as well as the front carriage rail of the carriage, F i g. 16 a View of the right-hand end of the square-root device that the right-hand Continuation of the F i g. 15 forms, F i g. 17 is an enlarged front view according to FIG Line 17-17 of FIG. 15 of the drive device for the digit circuit of the Wagens, F i g. Figure 18 is a vertical cross-section of the drive for the square root switch device after line 18-18 of FIG. 15 to the right of the left subframe plate, FIG. 19th a vertical cross-section along line 19-19 of FIG. 15 on one level immediately to the right of the one in FIG. 18 section shown, F i g. 20 is a vertical cross section according to line 20-20 of FIG. 15 on a plane somewhat to the right of that in FIG. 19th section shown, F i g. Figure 21 is a vertical cross-section on line 21-21 of FIG F i g. 15 on a plane somewhat to the right of that in FIG. 20 section shown, F i g. 22 is a front view of the main propulsion device taken along line 22-22 of FIG i g. 15 and 16, Fig. 23 is a rear view of the FIG. 22 device shown, F i g. 24 is a vertical cross-section through a row of digits of the main switching device after line 24-24 of FIG. 22, fig. 25 is an enlarged front view of about two rows of digits in FIG. 21 illustrated switching device, wherein the extinguishing device is omitted to drive the adjustment device for to show the digits more clearly, F i g. 26 shows a vertical cross section Line 26-26 of FIG. 16, to the right of the one shown in FIG. 22 main switching device shown, F i g. 27 is an enlarged view of the connection of the FIGS. 21 and 22 illustrated square root switching device with the known Adjusting slides and F i g. 28 is a vertical section of the FIG. 27 shown Device according to line 28-28 of FIG. 27

The calculating machine with a variety of known devices and the root extraction device according to the invention consists essentially of a housing 20 (Fig. 1) having a setting mechanism drive device, a setting mechanism, and an automatically operating division device, as well as a result counter and a carriage 21 containing a revolution counter mounted laterally to the housing 20 in Can be moved longitudinally. On the carriage 21 are a group of dials 22 for the result counter and a group of dials 23 for the revolution counter stored, which are visible through the number window of a car hood 26. The car will in both directions over the machine by pressing a button 27 for left adjustment and a button 28 for right adjustment adjusted by power drive, which is attached to the on the right-hand side of the machine.

Numerical values are entered into the machine by pressing the corresponding number keys 29 of a conventional keypad keyed in, the keys of each digit by pressing a delete key 30 located at the front end of each row of keys individually or all keys can be deleted at the same time by pressing a delete key 31. The various numerical values keyed into the keyboard can be used in additive or subtractive sense on the dials 22 of the counter by pressing a Plus key 32 or a minus key 33 are transmitted. Should the setting mechanism follow every entry of a number made in the counter is deleted further delete button 34 actuated and locked or locked in a known manner. The dials 22 of the counter and the dials 23 of the revolution counter can be deleted by actuating manually adjustable knobs 35 or 36 or be reset to zero. These buttons can be moved sideways in the trolley frame. The dials 22 and 23 can also be powered by pressing a delete key 37 for the counter can be deleted.

The machine automatically performs division tasks when pressing two Division keys 38 and 39, which switch a division device, the known ones Devices is similar.

The machine also has a group of digits Tab keys 50 and a key 51 for entering a dividend in order to be known Put one on the number keys in each selected digit position of the car 29 to introduce keyed dividends into the dials 22 of the counter. It should be mentioned here that the machine only works when the carriage 21 is at its extreme Clockwise so that the radicand can usually be opened by pressing the Key 51 in the counter disks while holding down the tab key 50 with the number "9" is introduced.

The setting mechanism and the drive device The main devices are for the most part on or between a right side frame 52 (F i g. 6) and a left side frame 53, which are attached to the foot 45 (Fig. 12), the also carries the electric drive motor of the machine. The right and the left Frames are connected by means of various cross rails 54, 55, 56, 57, the cross section of which from Fig. 2 can be seen. Each row of digits of the number keys 29 of the A locking bar 350 is assigned to the keypad. This locking rail has openings 351 through which the shafts of the buttons 29 pass. The locking rails will be usually to the front of the machine (to the left in Fig. 2) Springs (not shown) pulled. Each key shaft has a cam 352 and a latch 353 associated with each opening 351. If a key is pressed, so the cam 352 urges the locking bar 350 rearward (to the right in FIG G. 2) and gives each lying in this row, locked in a depressed position Button free. As soon as the button reaches its fully depressed position, the detent is in place 353 opposite the locking rail 350, whereupon the rail under spring pressure into the detent compresses and the button is locked in the depressed position. However, the button can not be pressed when the locking bar 350 against a backward displacement is locked.

In calculating machines, it is common to activate all locking rails 350 by pressing a single key, e.g. B. the delete key 31 (Fig. 1) to release. A keyboard eraser bar 355 (FIG. 8) extends over the front of the keyboard and is rotatably mounted in the frame of the machine on a shaft passing through perforated handles 356. The front end of each locking bar 350 is bent downward to form a tab 354 that engages behind the keyboard eraser bracket 355. Pressing the delete key 31 by a cam device (not belonging to the invention) pivots the keyboard eraser bar 350 in a counter-clockwise direction (FIG. 8) to grip the tabs 354 and to push all locking rails 350 backwards, thereby releasing all pressed keys of the keypad will.

The numerical values to be entered in the number disks 22 of the counter are transmitted by means of a variety of the same adjustment devices that the Number keys 29 are assigned. As shown in FIG. 2, each works Row of number keys 29, each with two identical adjustment rails 58 together, the are displaceable in their longitudinal direction by means of a support frame, the handlebars 59 and which pass through slots in the front cross rail 54.

Each adjustment rail 58 has a fork at its rear end, which engages in the grooved collar of a ten-tooth dial 60 that is slidable and non-rotatably on a longitudinally oriented one mounted in the cross rails 54, 55 and 56 Square shaft 61 is seated. The proportional one brought about by the number keys 29 Longitudinal movement of the adjustment rails 58 sets the adjustment wheels 60 in the path of a Row of step teeth of a staggered roller 65, which is mounted on a drive shaft 66 is, the storage of which takes place between the cross rail 54 and a cross member 67. For each adjacent pair of rows of keys there is one that extends in the longitudinal direction Drive shafts 66 are provided which carry two staggered rollers 65. Any drive shaft 66 carries a bevel gear 68 at its front end, which is connected to a corresponding bevel gear 69 one Cross shaft 70 is engaged between the side frames the machine is stored. The shaft 70 becomes cyclical and in a constant direction by means of a drive device switched by a clutch (described later) rotated to a single power train from the drive motor to the various power-driven devices to form the machine. Each of the square shafts 61 carries at its rear end a sliding, but non-rotatably mounted spool 71 with a ten-tooth addition gear 72 and a ten-tooth subtraction gear 73. These gears cooperate with the same ten-tooth gears 74 that sit on the lower ends of shafts 75 for the dials 22 of the counter.

In the starting position, the rest position, the gears 74 are in the middle between the addition and subtraction gears 72 and 73, respectively, so that lateral movement of the car is possible. The gears 74 can in this case by the between the gears 72 and 73 lying gap freely pass through.

So that a keyed in on the number keys 29 value can be entered in the dial 22, the coils 71 and the gears 72 and 73 are longitudinally displaceable in order to bring the addition gears 72 or subtraction gears 73 with the gears 74 into engagement. This shifting of the gears takes place by means of a flat rail 76 which lies transversely to the machine within the space existing between the gears 72, 73. The rail 76 is supported at both ends by two identical arms 77 which are attached to a transverse shaft 78 mounted between the side frames 52 and 53 (FIG. 7). The shaft 78 can either be rotated clockwise (FIG. 2) to engage the addition gears 72 with the gears 74 or, conversely, counterclockwise to engage the subtraction gears 73 with the gears, as will be described later 74 to engage. The tens transmission At the lower end of each shaft 75 there is a tens transmission cam 80 which works together with a transmission lever 81, the pin 82 of which is mounted in a main frame rail 83 of the carriage. At the outer end of the transmission lever 81 there is a downwardly curved tooth 84, which lies between two flanges 94 of a hub 85 of a tens transmission gear 86 belonging to the next higher digit. The hub 85 and the gear 86 are slidably but not rotatably seated on the square shaft 61, so that the rotation of the gear 86 is transmitted to the dial shaft 75 through the addition gear 72 or the subtraction gear 73. As soon as the dial 22 rotates from "0" to "9" or from "9" to "0", a nose located on the tens transmission cam 80 rotates the transmission lever 81 and shifts the tooth 84 forward so that the tens transmission gear 86 is the next higher Digit position is guided into the path of an individual drive tooth 87 which brings about the transmission and which is seated on a disk 88 fastened on the shaft 66. The drive tooth 87 gives the square shaft 61 a switching pulse in addition to its normal movement, which it experiences through the staggered roller 65. The number disc 22 is thus advanced by one step, so that the tens transmission from one number position to the next higher number position. as required.

After the tens transmission has been completed, the tens transmission gearwheel 86 is returned to its normal position by means of a reset cam 90 seated on the drive shaft 66. This reset cam presses on the front end of a locking pin 91 which slides in the cross member 67 and in a cross member 92. The pin 91 carries two spaced apart flanges 93 which encompass one of the flanges 94 of the hub 85 of the tens transmission gear 86 on both sides, so that the gear 86 is returned to its normal position when the pin 91 is displaced backwards. The revolution counter Each dial 23 of the known revolution counter (Fig. 2) sits on a longitudinal shaft 98, the rear end of which is mounted in the main frame rail 83 and the front end in a U-shaped rail 99 which forms part of the carriage frame. Each shaft 98 carries a gear wheel 100 which cooperates with a switching device 101 for the revolution counter to rotate the dials 23 so that a count of the working cycles of the calculating machine takes place and that at each step of a dial 23 through zero one digit from a lower Digit is transferred to a higher digit. The motor drive In order to transfer the numerical value entered in the number keys 29 to the counter, the shafts 66 are cyclically driven by an electric motor (not shown) of the machine by means of a drive connected by a clutch. A drive shaft 105 (FIG. 3) carries a pinion 106 which, via an intermediate gear 107, drives a large gearwheel 108 seated on the transverse shaft 70. A drive coupling or a pawl (not shown) is connected to the hub of the gearwheel 108. A driven coupling part 109 is firmly seated on the shaft 70. Furthermore, a spring-loaded coupling pawl 110 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 70, the tooth of which meshes with the teeth of the ratchet wheel in order to establish a drive connection between the gearwheel 108 and the shaft 70 . The pawl 110 usually engages a ratchet wheel under the action of a spring, but is held in the open or initial position by means of a clutch shift lever 111 which is rotatably mounted on a screw 112 fastened in the right side frame 52. The lever 111 carries a rotatable roller 113 which, in the open position of the coupling part, lies in a recess on the driven coupling part 109 and holds the lever 111 in its coupling position in all other positions of the coupling part 109. One revolution or several revolutions of the drive shafts 66 (FIG. 2) are thus determined by correct switching of the lever 111 (FIG. 3).

Simultaneously with the clockwise movement of the clutch shift lever 111 causing the clutch to be engaged (as seen in FIG. 3), the electrical circuit for the drive motor is closed. For this purpose, a long pin 114 seated in the upper end of the lever 111 is connected by means of a link 115 to the upper end of a lever 116 which is rotatably mounted on a screw 117 fastened in the right side frame. The lower end of the lever 116 forms a fork which comprises a pin 118 at the upper end of a lever 119, the rotatable mounting of which is carried out by means of a screw 120 fastened on the right side frame 52. At its lower end, the lever 119 carries an insulated pin 121 which lies against one leaf of a leaf spring contact 122. The clockwise movement of the clutch shift lever 111 thus causes the lever 119 to move counterclockwise so that the pin 121 brings the contacts 122 into contact and thereby closes the circuit for the motor. Since the roller 113 holds the switching lever 111 in its coupling position during the entire machine cycle, it also keeps the contacts 122 closed so that the motor circuit can only be switched off in the end position of the cycle. The plus key and the minus key The plus key 32 and the minus key 33 (FIG. 4) slide on an intermediate plate 127 which is attached to the right-hand side of the right side frame 52 (FIG. 5) by means of screws and spacers. The buttons 32 and 33 (FIG. 4) carry roller pins 128 and 129, respectively, which work together with inclined surfaces 130 and 131 of an adjusting rail 132, respectively. This rail is connected at both ends to the upper end faces of arms 133 and 136 (FIG. 5), of which arm 133 (FIG. 4) is rotatably mounted on intermediate plate 127, while arm 136 (FIG. 4) is rotatably mounted on intermediate plate 127 g. 5) is attached to the right-hand end of the cross shaft 78. Thus, as soon as the plus button 32 (FIG. 4) is pressed, the adjustment bar 132 moves rearward to rotate the cross shaft 78 in a clockwise direction (as viewed in FIG. 2), thereby engaging the addition gears 72 in FIG to effect the gears 74 of the shafts 75 for driving the dial 22. In the same way, pressing the minus key 33 (FIG. 4) moves the adjustment rail 132 forward so that the cross shaft 78 (FIG. 2) is rotated counterclockwise and the subtraction gears 73 engage with the gears 74.

To the working of the drive device of the machine when pressing initiate the plus key 32 (FIG. 4) or the minus key 33, each of these carries Keys a semicircular pin 137, which has a cam surface 138 to initiate one of the circulation rail 139 cooperates. The back end of this The rail rests against the long pin 114 (FIG. 3) so that the pin at Pressing one of the two buttons moves backwards and thereby moves the clutch lever 111 rotates in the pointer direction (as seen in FIG. 3) to engage the clutch and to close contacts 122. By this closing, the drive motor is the The machine is energized and the shaft 70 is set in rotation, which drives the shafts 66 (FIG. 2) drives, on which the relay rollers 65 sit. The one keyed into the buttons 29 The numerical value is thus either positive or in the number disks 22 of the counter negatively introduced, which depends on whether the key 32 or the key 33 is pressed has been.

The carriage circuit A known adjusting device is used to selectively adjust the carriage 21 (FIG. 1) in both directions by one digit row spacing or by several digit row spacings. The adjustment takes place from the shafts 66 by means of the manually adjustable keys 27 and 28. This manually operated adjusting device is not only of a known design, but also has no further connection with the invention. Suffice it to say that the button 27 actuates a device which causes the left adjusting rod 151 (FIG. 6) to move backwards, and that pressing the button 28 causes the right adjusting rod 156 to move backwards. The actuating rods 151 and 156 are usually held in their forward or rest positions (shown in FIG. 6) by means of compression springs (not shown). The rear ends of the rods carry adjusting forks 160 and 161, which engage in annular grooves of coupling parts 162 and 163. The coupling parts 162, 163 are loosely mounted on the rear ends of the two right shafts 66 and have coupling teeth 164 and 165 which engage in corresponding notches of rings 158 and 159 fastened on the rear ends of the shafts 66. The coupling parts 162 and 163 also carry coupling teeth at their rear ends, which cooperate with coupling teeth 166 and 167 of the front ends of gear sleeves 168 and 169 when the coupling part 162 or the coupling part 163 is shifted backwards by its associated adjustment mechanism1160 or 161. The coupling parts 162 and 163 thus form a device by means of which the drive shafts 66 can be optionally coupled to the gear sleeves 168 or 169 and thereby provide a power drive for the carriage adjustment. Pressing the button 27 (FIG. 1) for left shifting moves the adjusting rod 151 (FIG. 6) and the adjusting fork 160 towards the rear of the machine and, through the coupling part 162, establishes a drive connection from the shaft 66 to the gear sleeve 168 here. In the same way, pressing the button 28 (FIG. 1) for right shifting moves the control rod 156 (FIG. 6) and the adjustment lever 116 to the rear of the machine and provides a drive connection between the rightmost shaft 66 and the gear sleeve 169 ago.

The gear sleeve 168 (Fig. 6) carries a gear 170 which is directly meshed with a larger gear 171 to which a smaller gear (not shown) is attached; which meshes with an adjusting gear 172. The gear sleeve 169 carries a gear 173 which meshes with a wide intermediate gear (not shown) which meshes with the large gear 171 and causes this gear to rotate in reverse. The sizes of the gears are selected so that there is a drive ratio of 1: 4 between the gears 170 and 173 and the standing gear 172, so that the adjusting gear 172 is rotated through an angle of 90 ° with each revolution of the gear sleeves 168 and 169.

The standing gear 172 is attached to a shaft which is mounted between the crossbar 56 and a plate 175 mounted on the rear of the machine. The shaft carrying the gear 172 also carries a drive pulley 177 which has four equally spaced drive pins 178 which can enter notches 179 (FIG. 7) of a steep bar 180 which is attached to the rear of the carriage 21. With every 90 ° rotation of the drive pulley 177 , the carriage 21 is therefore adjusted by a distance which is equal to the distance between the notches 179. This distance corresponds to the distance between the shafts 75 for the number disks (FIG. 2), in other words: the carriage 21 (FIG. 1), when one of the buttons 27 or 28 is pressed, with each revolution of the Cross shaft 70 (FIG. 6) shifted by one digit space to the left or right.

This known device described above is modified so that when the division keys 38 and 39 are pressed, the carriage 21 (FIG. 1) is automatically moved to the right. This adjustment takes place until the dividend introduced into the counter of the carriage 21 is precisely aligned with the divisor keyed into the keypad. Then the division device moves the carriage 21 digit by digit automatically to the left in accordance with the course of the division process. A shaft 302 (FIG. 6), which is mounted in the right side frame 52 and in an arm 276 of a bracket 277, is displaced axially to the left against the force of a compression spring 309 at the start of a division process. The shaft 302 is also rotated clockwise (viewed from the right side of the machine) by the operation of the device making one rotation too much. This device will be described later in connection with the division circuits. A projecting drive part 390 is seated on the shaft 302, the tooth of which engages in a slot of a driven part 391. The driven part 391 is attached to the left-hand end of a sleeve 392 which is rotatably mounted on the shaft 302. The sleeve 392 is pressed to the right by a weak compression spring 393, but its movement is stopped by means of two bolts 394 and 395 which are rotatably mounted on a screw 396. The locking shoulders of the locking bars 394 and 395 are urged into contact with a stop surface provided on a left adjusting lever 400. This lever 400 sits firmly on the left-hand end of the sleeve 392. The locking bars 394 and 395 are engaged with the stopping surface of the left adjusting lever 400 Springs 397 pulled. A right-hand adjusting lever 403 sits at the right-hand end of the sleeve 392.

As soon as the carriage 21 (FIG. 1) reaches one of its end positions, the switching of the buttons 27 and 28 is made ineffective by a known switch-off device. This device switches between the manually adjustable switching device and the control rods 151 and 156 (FIG. 6) intermediate pieces (not shown) when the carriage reaches its left or right end position. The left control rod is switched off via a lever 185, a shaft 186, a link 190 (FIG. 7) and an angle lever 191 which is rotatably mounted on the transverse shaft 78. This angle lever 191 has a rearwardly directed arm 192 which lies below the right-hand end of a lever 193 which is rotatably mounted on a screw 194 fastened to the cross rail 56. Likewise, the right adjusting device is rendered ineffective by a movement of an intermediate piece (not shown) which works by a lever 199 (FIG. 6) rotatable on the shaft 186, a pin 201 (FIG. 7) and a lever 202 . The lever 202 is rotated by a lever 204 which is mounted on the lower end of a lever 206. The lever 206 itself is rotatable on a plate 208 which is attached to the rear of the cross rail 56 by means of appropriate spacers and screws. The lever 206 has an upwardly directed arm with a bent tab 209, which lies below a slide pawl 210, which in turn is rotatably mounted on the steep bar 180. As soon as the carriage reaches its right end position, the drive pins 178 cause the pawl 210 to rotate in the pointer direction (as seen in FIG. 7) and thereby pivot the lever 206 in order to move the lever 204 to the right. The lever 204 has a cam surface 216 which lies below a roller 217 mounted on the plate 208. When the lever 204 is displaced to the right, it therefore rotates in a clockwise direction, as a result of which the rear end of the lever 202 is raised and the adjusting device is switched off in a known manner. The automatically operating division device The machine shown has a device to automatically divide a dividend in the dials 22 of the counter (FIG. 1) by a divisor keyed into the number keys 29. The device provided in the machine according to the invention for carrying out this purpose is similar to known devices and is only described here as far as is necessary for a clear understanding of the invention.

In the case of the automatically operating division device, the divisor repeatedly subtracted from the dividend until the counter turns too much has happened. Then the too much rotation is corrected and the Car moved one digit space to the left. The billing process is then repeated. The number of subtractions in each digit of the Counter is executed, appears in the revolution counter in which the quotient at the end of the task. During the division, the machine is controlled by a device switched to regulate the work sequences that occur with each in the counter too much rotation comes into play. This switching device switches the Work sequences of the addition or subtraction gears and the carriage adjustment device, so that a certain sequence of operations during the uninterrupted running Working cycle of the drive device of the machine takes place. The division calculation is usually initiated by pressing the division key 38, which is the job sequencer with the addition gear or the subtraction gear and with the carriage adjustment device gearingly connects and moreover the switching device for a too much rotation. set to regulate the workflow.

The division key 38 (FIG. 4) is slidably mounted on the intermediate plate 127 by means of the slots in the key shaft, into which screws engage, which are screwed into the intermediate plate 127 and allow the key to move straight up and down. At its lower end, the key has an inclined surface 222 which lies against a roller 223 seated on a division rail 224. In the longitudinal slots of this rail, pegs 225 fastened to the plate 127 engage so that the rail can be displaced in the longitudinal direction. As shown in FIG. 5, the rail 224 carries a roller 226 which lies in front of a finger 227 which forms the upper end of a bolt 228 which is rotatably mounted on the intermediate plate 127 at 229. The bolt 228 is pulled in a counterclockwise direction by a tension spring 230 which is anchored between the lower end of the bolt and a pin 231 seated on the intermediate plate 127 in order to hold a shoulder 232 on the bolt, usually below a roller 233, which is on is attached to the front end of a drive lever 234 of the division device. The drive lever 234 is rotatably mounted on the intermediate plate 127 at 235 and is pulled counterclockwise by a strong tension spring 236, which is anchored between the drive lever 234 and the pin 231. The roller 233 is hereby held in contact with the shoulder 232 of the bolt 228 as soon as the parts assume their normal position. If, however, the division key 38 (FIG. 4) is pressed, the inclined surface 222 runs against the roller 223 and thereby moves the rail 224 backwards so that the roller 226 (FIG. 5) grips the finger 227 and the The bolt 228 rotates backwards (in the pointer direction in FIG. 5) in order to slide the shoulder 232 out from under the pin 231 of the drive lever 234. The lever 234 is then rotated counterclockwise by the strong spring 236 to effect the adjustment of the division switch in the manner described later. The drive lever 234 is returned during the first working cycle of the machine by means of a roller 237 which is seated on the face of a gear wheel 238 which is fastened to the right-hand end of the transverse shaft 70. The roller 237 rests against an inclined surface 239 of an upright arm of the drive lever 234 and rotates the lever 234 in a clockwise direction against the tension of the spring 236 when the machine is working.

Below the front end of the drive lever 234 is a roller 240 which is carried by the lower end of a handlebar 241 (Fig. 4) 'which is with the front end of a link lever 243 is connected. This lever is on a pin 244 of a cam follower arm 245 rotatably mounted on the intermediate plate 127 is rotatably mounted at 246 and clockwise (seen in FIG. 4) by means of a spring 247 is displaced. The arm 245 has an opening 248 in which a Eccentric cam 250 is located on a switching shaft 251 for the work sequence control sits. This shaft forms an essential part of this control device and is put into circulation during division calculations in order to facilitate the setting of the addition and to regulate subtraction gears and the operation of the carriage adjustment. These Work goes on in a certain order, so that a division calculation is carried out with the machine running continuously.

The connecting lever 243 has a fork 252 at its rear end for engagement with a pin 253 seated on the adjusting rail 132. As soon as the division key 38 is pressed to release the drive lever 234 (FIG. 5), the roller 240 moves downwards shifted, and the connecting lever 243 is rotated clockwise (as seen in Fig. 4) to bring an inclined surface 254 formed on the rear of the fork 252 into engagement with the pin 253 and to push the adjusting rail 132 backwards so that the Subtraction gears 73 (FIG. 2) mesh with gears 74 seated on shafts 75, and further to insert pin 253 (FIG. 4) into fork 252. The link lever 243 thereby serves as a link between the cam follower arm 245 and the adjustment rail 132 so that the movements of the arm 245 are transmitted to the rail 132 to switch the addition and subtraction gears during division calculations.

The connecting lever 243 is held in its working position during the entire division calculation by means of a semicircular pin 260 which is seated in the rear end of the lever 243 and which can be grasped by a bolt 261 (FIG seated pin 259 is rotatably mounted. The latch 261 is urged into locking engagement with the pin 260 by a tension spring 262. When the connecting lever 243 moves upwards, that is to say in FIG. 3 is turned counterclockwise, the bolt 261 engages under the pin 260 and holds the connecting lever 243 in its working position until the bolt 261 is released at the end of the division calculation.

To initiate the game play of the machine during the division calculations, is the handlebar 241 (Fig. 4) at its upper end with the rear end of one Angle lever 263 connected, which is attached to one of the intermediate plate 127 Screw 264 is rotatably mounted. This angle lever 263 has an upright Arm 265 which lies in front of a pin 266 mounted on the rail 139. So soon the handlebar 241 is moved downwards after the drive lever 234 (FIG. 5) has been released, the angle lever 263 is counterclockwise (seen in F i g. 4) against the Action of a spring 267 displaced so that the rail 139 to the rear of the Machine is being moved. This engages the clutch and the motor contact closed by the facility related to the plus and minus buttons has been described.

From Fig. 5 it can be seen that the switching shaft 251 for work sequence control passes through the intermediate plate 127 and carries an incomplete segment gear 270 on its right-hand end, which can be moved into and out of engagement with a larger segment gear 271 which is attached to a gear 272, the storage of which takes place on a seated in the plate 127 screw 273. The gear 272 in turn meshes with the gear 238 attached to the right-hand end of the transverse shaft 70, so that the gear 238 drives the gear 272 and the larger segment gear 271 when the clutch is engaged and the rotating shaft 70 is engaged. The smaller segment gear 270 is usually outside the plane of the larger segment gear 271, so that the switching shaft 251 for the work sequence control usually does not work. The shift shaft 251 (Fig. 6) is usually urged to the left by means of a spring 275 lying on the shaft 251, as seen from the front of the machine, the spring 275 being between a ring fastened on the shaft 251 and the on the console 277 of the cross member 67 seated arm 276 is located. The smaller segment gear wheel 270 is therefore shifted into a position in which it rests against the right-hand side of the intermediate plate 127 (FIG. 5), a detent provided in the circumference of the gear wheel engaging a pin 278 fastened in the plate 127. By means of a device described later, the switching shaft 251 and the smaller segment gear 270 are shifted to the right (as seen in FIG. 6) at certain time segments of the division calculation in order to bring the gear into the plane of the larger segment gear 271 (FIG. 5) move and establish a drive connection from the shift shaft 251 to the transverse shaft 70.

The smaller segment gear 270 (FIG. 5) has three equally spaced groups of three teeth which work together with a single group of two teeth located on the larger segment gear 271. Since the larger segment gear 271 rotates counterclockwise while the machine is playing, its two teeth are mounted on the gear so that they mesh with one of the groups of three teeth of the smaller segment gear 270 just before the end of the machine rotation. As soon as the smaller segment gear 270 is advanced into the plane of the larger segment gear 271 during a division calculation, the smaller segment gear 270 is clockwise by a third of a turn at the end of the respective machine revolution and also by a third of a turn at the end. of the next two revolutions, the smaller segment gear 270 and the switching shaft 251 being held in their right-hand positions by the contact of the pin 278 with the left-hand face of the smaller segment gear 270.

The connecting lever 243 (Fig. 4) carries a pin 280 which lies beneath the front end of an arm 281 which is attached to a transverse shaft 282 (Fig. 6) which is positioned between the intermediate plate 127 (Fig. 6). 4) and the left side frame 53 (Fig. 6) of the machine. On the shaft 282, on the left-hand side of the machine, there is also an arm 283, the front end of which carries a pin 284 which engages in a longitudinal slot provided in the lower end of a link 285. This link 285, which belongs to the device which is intended for the "rotation too much", is rotatably mounted at its upper end on a pin 286 which is seated on a fork 287 which is attached to a shoulder 288 of the locking pin 91 (F i g. 2) is fixed for the highest digit of the tens transmission. As already mentioned, as soon as a tens is transferred from one digit to the next digit, the pin 91 is pushed forward as a result of the forward movement of the tens transfer gear 86 in order to place this gear 86 in the path of the drive tooth 87. Thus, as soon as a tens transmission occurs causing forward movement of the leftmost locking pin 91 , the boss 288 (Fig. 6) moves the handlebar 285 forward for a purpose set forth below.

The front end of the handlebar 285 is usually squeezed into it Position or rest position held by a spring (not shown). After pressing the division key and after turning the connecting lever 243 (FIG. 4) the However, shaft 282 is rotated counterclockwise (as seen in FIG. 4) so that the Pin 284 (Fig. 6) lifts the front end of the handlebar 285, the end of which immediately behind the lower edge of a divisional switch tab 290, which is on the switch shaft 251 is rotatably mounted. As soon as the handlebars 285 as a result of the forward movement of the leftmost locking pin 91 is moved forward, the tab 290 turned clockwise, seen from the right, against the action of a spring 291, around an upwardly directed finger 292 seated on the tab 290 into the plane of a pen (not shown) to face the one on the extreme left Shaft 66 (Fig. 2) seated relay roller (not shown) is carried. As soon therefore, as shaft 66 rotates, the stylus contacts finger 292 (Fig. 6) and slides the tab 290 to the right (as seen in Fig. 6). There is a lateral shift of the tab 290 on the shift shaft 251 by means of a splintered onto the shaft 251 Ring 295 is prevented, this shaft and the smaller segment gear 270 also shifted to the right to bring the gear into the plane of the larger segment gear 271 to bring. The selector shaft 251 and the eccentric cam 250 located on it (Fig. 4) there will be three movement steps during the next three revolutions of the machine given, whereupon the smaller segment gear 270 via the pin 278 in its rest position falls behind. In the meantime, the one determined for the over-turning that is taking place Handlebar 285 (Fig. 6) moved backwards to the tab 290 due to the through the reset cam 90 (FIG. 2) to release the locking pin 91 being reset.

As soon as the cam 250 (FIG. 4) is designated and shown with A Position occupied by the cam, if the one in the smaller one Segment gear 270 (Fig. 5) existing detent is in engagement with the pin 278, the connecting lever 243 (Fig. 4) is adjusted to the adjustment rail 132 holds in its forward position and the subtraction gears 73 (Fig. 2) mesh with the gears 74 located on the shafts 75 for the dial. The machine is therefore set to subtraction, and the numerical value of the keys 29 keyed in divisors is indicated by the dials 22 of the counter at each Operation of the machine subtracted. Towards the end of the process in which im Counter a "rotation too much" takes place, the shaft 251 (Fig. 6) through the tens transfer, as described above, shifted to the right. This shift places the smaller segment gear 270 (FIG. 5) in the plane of the larger segment gear 271. The teeth of this gear wheel 271 drive the teeth of the smaller one Segment gear 270 once the larger segment gear adapts to the Approaching the end of its orbit, as shown in FIG. 5 is shown. Once the circulation ends, so that the switching shaft 251 is counterclockwise (FIG. 4) by 120 ° rotated into the position marked B, whereupon the eccentric cam 250 the cam follower arm 245 rotates counterclockwise so that the connecting lever 243 to the rear of the machine is shifted and the addition gears 72 in mesh with the Gears 74 are brought. During this machine cycle, the divisor added back into the counter to correct the excessive rotation. At the At the end of this cycle, the switching shaft for the work sequence control is increased by more 120 ° rotated into the position marked C, whereby the arm 245 in an intermediate position is pushed, in which the addition gears 72 (Fig. 2) and the subtraction gears 73 out of engagement with the gears 74 in preparation for a carriage adjustment or carriage shift. The arm 245 (Fig. 4) is in this intermediate position held by means of a spring-loaded probe arm 297, whose V-shaped nose engages in a detent provided in the upper edge of the arm 245.

So that the carriage is shifted one digit to the left during the machine revolution that follows the movement of the selector shaft 251 into position C, a cam 298 (FIG. 6) with a dome 299 is seated on the shaft 251. As soon as the switching shaft 251 is moved to the right by the action of the pin (not shown) pushing the tab 290, the dome 299 located on the cam 298 is moved towards a cam follower arm 300 which is attached to a hub 301 which is on the shaft 302 sits, the rotation of which initiates either a right adjustment or a left adjustment of the carriage depending on the position of the sleeve 392, as has already been explained. This shaft can also receive axial adjustment movements. The hub 301 has a flange 303 which, together with the cam follower arm 300, forms an annular groove for receiving a finger 304 seated on an angle lever 305. The angle lever 305 is equipped with a forward-facing arm 308, which lies over the left-hand end of the pin 280 carried by the connecting lever 243 (FIG. 4). Therefore, as soon as the lever 243 is rotated clockwise (as seen in Fig. 4), the pin 280 lifts the arm 308 (Fig. 6) and thereby rotates the bell crank 305 in a counterclockwise direction (as seen from the front of the machine), to move the shaft 302 and the cam follower arm 300 to the left against the action of the compression spring 309, which is located at the left end of the shaft 302. This left-hand adjustment of the cam follower arm 300 is so great that it brings the arm 300 into the plane of the elevation 299 as soon as the shaft 251 assumes its working or right-hand position. The dome 299 is in such a position on the cam 298 that the cam follower arm 300 is rotated and held in the rotated position as soon as the eccentric cam 250 (FIG. 4) assumes the position designated by C. This rotary movement of the arm 300 (FIG. 6) and the shaft 302 couples the right adjustment coupling during the alignment stage of a division calculation and the left adjustment coupling during the division completion stage, so that the carriage is thereby adjusted by one digit distance. At the end of the adjustment, the eccentric cam 250 (FIG. 4) is moved from position C to position A - so that the subtraction gears 73 (FIG. 2) again mesh with the gears 74 and the divisor continues from which dividends are subtracted. As soon as the cam 250 (FIG. 4) and the shaft 251 reach the position indicated by A, the detent located in the smaller segment gear 270 is again in alignment with the pin 278, so that the gear and the shaft under the action of the Compression spring 275 (Fig. 6) can move to the left, whereby the work of the switching shaft 251 of the working sequence control is terminated until the repeated subtraction of the divisor again causes a new rotation too much in the counter, whereupon the switching device for working sequence control again in Activity occurs and triggers the machine's work sequence described above.

The calculator has a division key 39 for the revolution counter (F i g. 1), which is located immediately next to the division key 38 and for usually pressed together with this key when initiating a division calculation will. By pressing button 39, the revolution counter is reversed Direction switched, so that the work cycles carried out during a division calculation a subtraction can be counted as plus rotations in a positive sense. This Reverse gear for carrying out this work is known and generally with 316 (Fig. 5). It is adjusted by a handlebar 317, the front end of which is rotatably mounted on a lever 318. The lever 318 has a cam surface 319, which is touched by a roller 320 seated at the lower end of the button 39. Pressing the division key 39 swings the lever 318 counterclockwise and pulls the handlebar 317 forward to the reversing gear 316 for the revolution counter set for negative work.

The reversing gear 316 for the revolution counter is during a division calculation in both positions set by means of a. Locking lever 321 locked, the front lug 322 of which swings in front of or behind a pin 323 of an intermediate lever 324, which connects the link 317 to the reversing gear 316. The locking lever 321 is set in the locking position by pivoting the connecting lever 243, to which the locking lever 321 is connected by a slot connection 325.

In machines of this type it is common to have an addition device, d. H. to provide a device that performs a single work cycle and which clears the keyboard towards the end of a billing process. For division calculations however, it is desirable that the keyboard be cleared until after the division task is completed is exposed.

The reversing gear 316 can be adjusted by a switch button 336 (FIG. 1). The switch button is shown in its normal position. A connecting link 355 (FIG. 8), which is rotatably mounted on the upper end of an arm 334, is rotated by forward rotation of the switch button. The arm 334 is rigidly connected to a cross shaft 333 which extends across the front of the machine. The right end of this shaft 333 has a fixed arm 332 which carries a long pin 331 on which a short link 330 is rotatably mounted. The rear end of the link 330 is coupled to the link 317 (FIG. 5) by a slot connection 337. The reversing gear 316 for the revolution counter can thus be set by the division key 39 or by the switch button 336. It should be mentioned that the connecting link 335 (FIG. 8) is usually provided with a pawl to hold the reversing gear 316 (FIG. 5) in every set position, but that the setting from the button 39 is only held when the division key 38 (FIG. 4) is also pressed in order to actuate the described locking lever 321 (FIG. 5).

Usually, a device is provided in the known machines to end the division calculation as soon as the correct quotient has been established and the carriage is in its extreme left position. It will be recalled that the connecting lever 243 (FIG. 3) is locked in its working position by a latch 261 by hooking itself under the pin 260 . The carriage, not shown in this figure, has a tensioning pawl that lies behind an upper end 385 of the bolt 261 as soon as the carriage moves into its extreme left position. The automatic division device has set the machine to a group of subtractions as soon as the carriage moves to its extreme left position. If there is too much rotation, the working sequence control described comes into operation in order to swing the connecting lever 243 (FIG. 4) forwards, to move the adjusting rail 132 backwards and to initiate an additive counter-rotation. The movement of the connecting lever 243 (to the right in FIG. 3) swings the bolt 261 counterclockwise, whereupon the clamping pawl (not shown) sitting on the carriage is able to swing behind the upper end 385 of the bolt 261. As soon as the connecting lever 243 is therefore moved forward at the end of the rotation to be added back in preparation for adjusting the carriage in the next working cycle, the pin 260 is withdrawn from the bolt 261. The connecting lever 243 is thus able to fall, so that at the end of the working cycle for the carriage adjustment, the division process is ended, which in this position of the carriage is an empty pull of the machine. The division alignment device A part of this device has already been briefly described under the title "carriage adjustment device". It works as the first break in front of the dividing device in order to adjust the carriage to the right until the divisor is correctly and automatically aligned with the dividend. This division alignment is not directly related to the invention, but its operation is important in starting a square root. As mentioned, square rooting begins with the car in its extreme right position. There are several reasons for starting square rooting from this position. Of these reasons, the most important is the fact that it provides the greatest possible accuracy in operation and that complicated locks which would otherwise be required can be omitted. The radical is inserted into the extreme left-hand dial 22 (Fig. 1) of the counter, which is done by keying in the factor on the left-hand keys of the keypad and this numerical value is entered into the counter by pressing key 51, with the tab key 50 with the number “9” for entry in the extreme right position of the carriage 21 is set. Obviously, in such a position of the carriage 21, the division alignment device cannot move the carriage further to the right. However, the division alignment device can carry out three empty runs before the start of the division calculation with this car position. The square rooting is done by subtracting consecutive odd numbers from the radical in the usual way for hand calculation. The three gaps resulting from the use of the mentioned division alignment device can be used to advantage in setting up the machine for the square root pulling by setting the sequence control to progressively change the subtracter or the divisor as mentioned above. For a better understanding of the invention, the mode of operation of the division alignment device is therefore briefly described in particular for the case that the carriage 21 is in the extreme right position, although the division alignment device per se does not belong to the invention nor is necessary for its work.

The rear ends of the adjusting levers 400 and 403 (FIG. 6) are equipped with pressure surfaces which are in contact with corresponding surfaces of handles 404 and 405 formed on the adjusting forks 160 and 161, respectively. As soon as the machine is in its normal position, the left adjusting lever 400 is in alignment with the handle 404, while the adjusting lever 403 is to the right of its associated handle 405 and is therefore outside the working position with respect to the fork 161 , which is the right adjustment clutch of the machine switches.

It has already been mentioned that the beginning of a division calculation caused the shift of the shaft 302 to the left, which causes the immediate of the bolt 394 and 395 carried by the shaft 302 are displaced to the left. The latch in turn pull the sleeve 392 to the left to the right control lever 403 with the Align handle 405 and after swiveling sleeve 392 the right adjustment coupling to operate while the control lever 400 is brought out of alignment with the handle 404 and thereby the left adjustment clutch is switched off. The move the shaft 302 to the left through the switching shaft 251 thus effects a rightward adjustment of the carriage.

Moving the shaft 302 to the left also moves a rail 406 capable of lateral movement on an arm 409 and arm 276. The right-hand end of the rail 406 has a catch 412 (FIG. 7) in order to encompass the edge of the left adjusting lever 400 on both sides. Moving the sleeve 392 (Fig. 6) therefore also moves the rail 406 to the left. The left-hand end of the rail 406 has an inclined cam surface 413 which lies over an end piece 414 of the division indexing tab 290. As soon as the sleeve 392 is therefore shifted to the left together with the shaft 302 at the beginning of a division, the rail 406 is likewise shifted to the left, and the cam surface 413 pushes the end piece 414 downwards, whereby the finger 292 sitting on the tab 290 in the axial direction with it the pin (not shown) carried by a staggered roller located on the left-hand shaft 66. The tab 290 is held in its working position by the rail 406, so that the switching shaft 251 for the work sequence control is pushed to the right during the first work cycle and thereby initiates the operation of the division device described above, but instead of the left adjustment, an adjustment of the carriage is performed on the right. At the end of the third machine gear, the control shaft 251 is released so that it can move to the left, but the tab 290 is immediately shifted to the right in order to begin another group of work cycles, as they characterize the division processes. In this way, the switching shaft 251 of the work sequence control is actuated repeatedly by an incorrect or intentionally induced “rotation too much”, the cause of which is the swinging of the bracket 290 by the rail 406. The movement of the carriage to the right is continued until both latches 394 and 395 are fixed by the device described below, so that the sleeve 392 is exposed to the action of its spring 393. The left-hand adjusting lever 400 then aligns with the handle 404 sitting on the adjusting lever 1160, so that the left-hand clutch is engaged every time the shaft 302 swings. At the same time, the rail 406 is moved to the right so that the end piece 414 can release the tab 290, which is now placed under the switching of the handlebar 285, which switches the "turn too much". Thus, once the latches 394 and 395 have released the sleeve 392, the sequence control switching device operates in its normal manner to perform an independent division operation, that is, an operation in which the dividend is divided by the divisor in the usual manner.

The bolt 395 is released by swinging a bracket 452, the arms 451 and 453 of which are freely rotatable on the transverse shaft 282 (FIG. 6). At its right-hand end, this bracket has a finger 453a, the upper end of which is located behind the left-hand end of the bolt 395. The swinging of the bracket 452 in the counterclockwise direction (viewed from the right) therefore releases the bolt 395 . The bracket 452 is pivoted by means of the arm 451, which is rotatably connected to a link 450, which is driven by a device that senses the zero or non-zero position of the left-hand dial 22 of the counter. This sensing device is not shown here. It should only be mentioned that when the car is in the extreme right position, the feeler swings out the bracket 452 and releases the bolt 395.

It should also be mentioned that the bolt 395 is slightly shorter than the bolt 394, so that the spring 393 when the bolt 395 is released, the sleeve 392 by the shifted the fixed lever 400 and 403 a little to the right until the sleeve 392 contacts the locking surface of the longer latch 394. As soon as the tactile device If a zero is felt or touched for the dials, the control levers move and the sleeve 392 slightly to the right so that it is then alone under the circuit of the longer bolt 394.

The latch 394 is adapted to be locked by the locking pin 91 the highest digit is released. To this end, the handlebar carries 285 (Fig. 6) a pin 454 overlying an arm 455. This arm 455 is formed at the left end of a bracket 456 which, like bracket 452, is freely rotatable is on the transverse shaft 282. The arm 455 has a nose (not shown), which is detected by the pin 454 as soon as the handlebar 285 due to one of the locking pin 91 of the tens transmission affecting the highest digit moved forward will. The arm 455 is thereby rotated counterclockwise (viewed from the right). At the right-hand end of the bracket 456 has a finger 460, which is behind the left-hand one The end of the long bolt 394 is located.

When a tens transmission occurs which affects the locking pin 91 of the highest digit, the finger 460 moves forward to swing the long latch 394, whereby the sleeve 392 and the adjusting levers 400 and 403 are subjected to the action of the spring 393, which thereupon moves this component to the right in order to bring the adjusting lever 400 into alignment with the handle 404 sitting on the left adjusting fork 160. This reverses the direction of the carriage adjustment caused by the switching device for the work sequence control, and at the same time the rail 406 releases the end piece 414 of the bracket 290 so that the bracket 290 is switched by the handlebar 285 for the excessive rotation as in a normal division process can. The dividing device then operates in the normal manner until the carriage reaches its extreme left position, in which the pawl on the carriage disengages the latch 261 (FIG. 3). Means are also provided for locking the long latch 394 (Fig. 6) during a carriage adjustment with the carriage in the extreme right position. Like F i g. 7 shows, the bracket 456 has an upright finger 470 which lies in front of a lever 472 which is rotatably mounted at 473 on a shoulder of the plate 208. The lever 472 also has a rearward-facing arm with a roller 476 that lies below the left-hand end of the lever 204 (right in FIG. 7). As soon as the lever 204 is shifted to the left as a result of the action of the slide pawl 210, the left-hand end of the lever 204 is pressed downwards as a result of the cooperation of the roller 217 with the inclined cam surface 216 and the lever 472, which engages the end piece 470, is thereby rotated to swing finger 460 (Fig. 6) forward so that long latch 394 is released. The release of the long bolt 394 by the lever 472 takes place during the third machine gear. So there are three empty runs after the start of a division process with the car in the extreme right position.

As will be described in more detail later, are in the invention Embodiment automatic locks against the operation of the square root device provided, however, the commencement of work with the extreme legal position of the car do not hinder. If the car is in this extreme legal position, thus prepares the release of the division device used in the square root extraction the machine for a shift of the carriage to the left in front. As soon as the car is up but is in this extreme right position, three machine aisles are used, to release the two latches 394 and 495 so that the sleeve 392 by means of the spring 393 can be shifted to the right. This shift of the sleeve 392 on the Shaft 302 aligns the left control lever with its associated handle 404, although the shaft 302 is held in its set position to the left. The too many rotations taking place in the device then cause an adjustment to the left of the car as in a normal division. As mentioned earlier, these will be three Machine gears used in the preferred embodiment of the invention to perform the Square-root switching device for automatic operation of the machine in one prepare modified division process. The square root device The so far machine described is known for the most part. There is now one in this machine Built in device that works continuously to get the square root of a to automatically pull radicands introduced into the dial 22 of the counter. The square root can be used as a division calculation with gradually changing Divisor can be viewed in which the division by consecutive odd Numbers takes place and the divisor between each subsequent work cycle of the machine will be changed. The square root can also be used as consecutive subtraction odd numbers are considered. The two processes are based on the same Principle because normal division is the repeated subtraction of a constant Numerical value (of the divisor). In the embodiment of the invention, the usual one Division device used to make the machine a steady subtracting process and the subtraction will continue until there is one rotation too much, which enables the division switching device in a multi-step operation add back the subtracted numerical value to account for the excess rotation to correct, then to move the car one place to the left and finally to initiate another continuous subtraction process. This well-known division process is changed in two respects: 1. The one subtracted from the dial 22 Divisor is constantly changing to take consecutive odd numbers in consecutive Subtract working cycles, the change being made during that section of the work cycle that precedes the digit setting process.

2. The numerical value in the setting mechanism is reduced by "l" after each too much rotation is corrected, before the adjusting device of the carriage works to prepare the setting mechanism for working in the next digit.

These changes have already been mentioned in the list of manual controls required for taking square roots. The first steps in taking square roots using the manual arithmetic method and also one of the first steps in taking square roots by hand setting a calculating machine is to divide the factor into groups of two digits to the left of the comma in the radical and to work under the rightmost digit of the leftmost one Group to begin. In the same way, one of the first things an automatic machine has to do when it pulls the square root is to select the digit where the work begins. This means that if the radicand is equal to 625, you must work in the digit position under "6". If, on the other hand, the radicand is 62.5, work must begin under the "2". At the beginning of the work, the radicand could be inserted into the counter, starting either with the dial of the counter at the highest digit on the keyboard or with the second highest digit, and the machine work could begin in the second highest digit. However, this method would require the computer to think twice, so that errors could occur when entering the radicand in the correct digit position of the machine. If this method is also entirely possible, however, the radicand is preferably inserted into the extreme left-hand counter dial and it is automatically determined whether work begins in the tenth or ninth digit of the machine (assuming that the machine has a capacity of ten digits, as shown in Fig. 1). The problem at hand is solved by means of the so-called comma keys, which are used to initiate the division process. The Buttons for Getting Started Obviously, all of the square root operations could be started by pressing a single button or pulling a single lever. Preferably, however, a plurality of keys are provided along the front of the keyboard in alignment with comma pointers 43 and that key is pressed which is in alignment with the comma of the radicand. The radicand is keyed in the preferred form in the left-hand keys of the keyboard and then transferred to the dials of the counter, which z. B. is done by pressing key 51 while holding down the tab key 50 of the tab "9". Then a key 500 aligned with the comma of the radicand is pressed to begin the root extraction in the correct digit. As in Fig. 1, a plurality of square root keys 500 are provided to begin work, aligned with the comma pointers 43 between the keys on the keyboard. In the preferred embodiment, the keys 500 located to the right of the odd numbered digits on the keyboard (ie, to the right of the first, third, etc., ninth digits) initiate the square rooting of the ninth digit of the setting mechanism. In contrast, the keys 500 which are to the right of the even-numbered digits on the keyboard (ie the second, fourth, etc., tenth digits) initiate the square root pulling in the tenth digit of the setting mechanism. The device in question will be described in detail later, here it should only be mentioned briefly that the subdivision of the radicand into groups of two digits takes place automatically when the key 500 is pressed, which was in alignment with the decimal point 43 of the radicand than the radicand in the Keyboard has been keyed in so that it can be transferred to the dials 22 by pressing the dividend key.

In order to make it easier to set the comma in the root, the keys are shown in FIG. 1 numbered manner shown. If the comma is to the right of the tenth or ninth digit, the keys marked "9" must be pressed and a decimal point pointer 44 in the revolution counter can be moved along its track until it is aligned with the tab key 50 marked "9" lies. This automatically gives the correct decimal place in the root, because there is a single group of two numbers to the left of the comma in the radicand, and therefore there is a single digit to the left of the comma in the result or in the root. If the comma is to the right of the eighth or seventh decimal place, the keys 500 marked "8" are pressed, and if the comma pointer 44 is equipped with the tab key 50 marked "8" along its rail, the comma is correctly set in the root because in this case there are two groups of two digits in the radicand. In the same way, the keys 500 to the right of the sixth and fifth digits are marked with "7", the keys 500 to the right of the fourth and third digits with "6" and the keys to the right of the second and first digits with "5" designated. The square root key 500 to the left of the tenth digit is labeled "0" (which is used as an indication for "10") and is used when the square root is extracted from a decimal fraction. In this case, the point pointer 44 is aligned with the "0" key 50 of the tabulator, and as many zeros appear in the dials 23 of the revolution counter as are necessary for a correct result. If the square root is to be drawn from a decimal fraction, the comma is placed to the left of the keyboard and the radical is keyed into the keyboard from this comma. So if the decimal fraction is 0.625, the "6" is entered in the tenth digit, the "2" in the ninth digit and the "5" in the eighth digit. If the decimal fraction is 0.0625, the "6" is entered in the ninth digit, the "2" in the eighth digit and the "5" in the seventh digit. In all of these cases, the "0" key 500 is pressed to begin the root sign, with the calculation process beginning in the machine's ninth digit. When taking square roots from whole or mixed numbers, work can either begin in the tenth or ninth digit, while work for a decimal fraction always begins in the ninth digit. The s> 0 «key 500 is therefore always required when taking the square root of a decimal fraction, whereby the radicand is entered in the keyboard with the aligned comma pointer 43 used to display the comma of the decimal fraction and the root appearing in the number disks 23 of the revolution counter is the correct one Has number of zeros. The square root keys 500 are rotatably connected to angle levers 503 (FIG. 8) which are rotatably located on a transverse shaft 501 mounted in bearings in the side frames of the machine. The angle levers 503 have end pieces 504 which can rest against a second transverse shaft 502, which is also mounted in bearings in the side frames of the machine. The bell crank 503 and their associated buttons 500 are pulled upward by weak train springs 505, which lie between the end piece 504 of each bell crank 503 and the transverse shaft 333 of the revolution counter. The angle levers 503 are held at the correct distance from one another on the shaft 501 by means of rings 506 splinted onto the shaft 501 and by the levers 510 and 511.

A lever 510 or 511 is assigned to each angle lever 503. The lifting 1510s are mounted on the shaft 501 and work together with the keys 500 which are to the right of the odd digits on the keyboard. The levers 511, however, are attached to the shaft 502 and work together with the angle lever 503, which is to the right of the even-numbered digits. Each lever 510 carries a pin 512 and each lever 511 carries a pin 513. These pins can touch the underside of the angle levers 503 and thereby cause the lever 510 or the lever 511 to swing and their associated shaft to rotate when the corresponding square root key 500 is pressed 501 or 502. It should be mentioned here that by rotating the shaft 501 the operation of the square root device is initiated in the ninth digit, while the rotation of the shaft 502 causes the operation in the tenth digit.

The keys 500 which initiate the taking of the square roots are held in their vertical position by slots in the machine hood through which the key shafts pass. The pin adjustment levers The left end of the shaft 501 carries an arm 518 fixedly seated on the shaft, at the free end of which a rearward-facing link 520 is rotatably attached. In the same way, the shaft 502 carries an arm 519 at its left end, the free end of which is rotatably connected to the front end of a rearward-facing link 521. The rear ends of the links 520 and 521 are in rotary connection with angle lever-like bolts 522 and 523 (FIG. 9). These two angle lever-like latches are rotatably mounted on an intermediate plate 144 on the left by means of a screw 525. The outer bolt 522 has a handle 524 which extends over the inner bolt 1523, so that the swinging of the outer bolt 522 in the pointer direction also rotates the inner bolt 523 in the same direction, while the inner bolt 523 can swing freely by itself. Both latches have latch shoulders 526 which can be engaged by pins 532 which sit on an outer pin lever 530 and an inner pin lever 531. Both latches 522, 523 are pulled into engagement with their associated pins 532 in the counterclockwise direction (as seen in FIG. 9) by tension springs 527, one of which is between the outer latch 522 and the pin lever 530 and the other tension spring between the inner latch 523 and the inner pin lever 531 is anchored. The two levers 530 and 531 are rotatably mounted on the intermediate plate 144 by means of a screw 533. The two levers are displaced in the counterclockwise direction by relatively strong springs 534 and 535 and held against swinging out under the action of these springs by the two angled lever bolts 522 and 523, respectively. The upper arm of the outer lever 530 has an inwardly turned handle 536 which, when the lever swings, urges a pin 606 seated on a pin wheel 600 inward. In the same way, the inner lever has an inwardly turned handle 537 which, when the lever 531 rotates, pushes a second pin 606 seated on the pin wheel 600 inward. The inner lever 531 also has an upwardly directed arm 538 with a locking pin 539 and an upwardly turned handle 540. A pin 541 is riveted to the inside of the outer lever 530, which rests against the front edge of the inner lever 531 so that the return of the inner lever its normal or locked position also returns the outer lever 530 to its locked position.

The inner lever 531 is rotated for every square root stretch, that is, it is pivoted by pressing any one of the square root keys 500. The outside bolt 530, on the other hand, is only released in those billing processes in which the root extraction does not begin in the tenth digit, but in the ninth digit.

The release of the inner lever 531 by pressing any square root key 500 is used to initiate the operation of the machine; H. to close the motor switch, for engaging the clutch and for releasing the division device, a modified device being adjusted to perform certain operations which usually do not take place in division. This for this Certain device includes a long handlebar 545 (Fig. 9), the rear of which End is rotatably attached to an upper portion of the inner lever 531. The front one End of the handlebar is rotatably mounted on a hanging arm 546, which is on a short shaft 547 is split open from the intermediate plate 144 to the side frame 53 (Fig. 6) is sufficient. By swinging the lever 531 (FIG. 9) counterclockwise so the handlebar 545 is pulled backwards, and the arm 546 and the shaft 547 are rotated clockwise. The wave 547 therefore becomes at the beginning of each Square root calculation rotated. The rotation of this shaft serves three immediate purposes Purposes: 1. Setting the revolution counter gearbox to rotate in the opposite direction of the dials 23 of the revolution counter (if these dials are not already in this position), so that during the following work the machine entered every minus rotation as a plus rotation in the revolution counter 23 will; 2. the initiation of a division process and 3. the deletion of the keyboard.

Setting the Revolution Counter Circuit The first purpose is accomplished by an arm 548 mounted on short shaft 547 (Fig. 8). This arm 548 carries a pin 549 which is located directly on the back of the arm 334 of the switching device for the revolution counter. The clockwise rotation of the shaft 547 (seen from the left in FIGS. 8 and 9) swings the arm 334 clockwise, thereby pulling the handlebar 335 forward and setting the switch button 336 (FIG. 1) for the Rotation counter in its forward position for entries in the opposite direction. The arm 334 (FIG. 8) sits on the switching shaft 333 of the revolution counter and rotates the arm 332, which is also splinted onto the shaft 333. The swinging of the arm 332 pulls the handlebar 330 (FIG. 5) forward and sets the revolution counter to rotate in the opposite direction, as already mentioned. Initiation of Division The rotation of short shaft 547 (Fig. 8) is also used to initiate a division process. This is done by means of a short arm 553, which is also firmly seated on the shaft 547. The lower end of this arm carries a pin 554 which engages in a slot 555 of an arm 556. The arm 556 is firmly attached to a transverse shaft 557, which is mounted in brackets at the base of the machine. The right-hand end of the shaft 557 carries an arm 558. The arm 558 carries a pin 559 (FIG. 12) on which the front end of a link 560 is mounted. The rear end of the link 560 is rotatably mounted on the lower end of a double lever 561 which is rotatably seated on an outwardly directed pin 562 of the intermediate plate 127. At the front end of the upper arm of the double lever 561 there is a roller 563 which can contact the cam surface 564 of an angle lever 565, the lower arm of which is rotatably connected to a short link 566. The rear end of this link 566 is in rotary connection with a cam arm 567. The cam arm 567 is mounted on a screw at 229, which carries the bolt 228 mentioned earlier. The first part of the oscillation of the double lever 561 generated by the device described swings the angle lever 565 clockwise, pulling the handlebar 566 and the arm 567 far enough forward to pass the roller 233, which sits on the drive lever 234. The cam arm 567 serves an important purpose in square rooting in that it alters the operation of the dividing device to prepare the machine for a square root device clearing operation at the end of the actual dividing operation, as will be described later. It is only necessary to move the cam arm 567 slightly in front of the roller 233, since the subsequent start of a division process, ie the release of the drive lever 234, pushes this arm 567 forward enough to cause the parts switched by it to work. The double lever 561 also has an inwardly directed handle 568 which engages a roller 569 seated on the bolt 228, namely after such a large movement of the double lever 561 that the cam arm 567 has already been adjusted. By means of this device, pressing one of the square root keys 500 (Fig. 8) and the subsequent spring-actuated operation of the inner pin setting lever 531 (Fig. 9) causes the shaft 547 (Fig. 8), which sets the revolution counter, to rotate and also rotates shaft 557 to initiate a division process.

Erasing the keyboard The described rotation of the shaft 547 erases Finally, all the numerical values typed into the keyboard. Since the It is necessary to square root the adjustment rails 58 (FIG. 2) at each Working cycle are set in a non-positive manner, the machine would get stuck, if a keyboard value were set and in the keyboard before starting the square root would be locked. It is therefore essential that the keyboard be checked before starting the square rooting is deleted. This takes place at the beginning of the billing process at the time of Adjustment of the pins 606 (Fig. 9) of the pin wheel 600 by rotating the shaft 547. The shaft 547 carries a fixed arm 573 at the right end (FIG. 8). This arm 573 extends downward and lies in front of its approach 574 of the keyboard eraser 355. The keyboard eraser bar 355 is, as mentioned, in the side frame of the machine stored and touched when rotated, the at the front end of each Locking rails 300 seated, downwardly bent tabs 354. The swinging out of the inner pin lever 531 (Fig. 9), the shaft 547 and the arm 573 (Fig. 8) swings So the keyboard eraser bar 355 to delete all values in the keyboard, at the same time as the engine is excited and the main clutch is engaged.

The Security Latches The inner pin lever 531 is usually locked against release by a second latch 580 (Figs. 9 and 10). The bolt 580 has a shoulder 581 which contacts the locking pin 539 seated on the upper end of the inner pin lever 531. The bolt 580 is rotatably mounted on a pin 582 which is fastened to the left intermediate plate 144. An arm 583, which lies on the inside of the bolt 580, is also rotatably mounted on the pin 582. The latch 580 has an inwardly bent handle 584 (FIG. 10), and the arm 583 has a correspondingly inwardly rotated handle 585. The two handles are connected by a spring 586. The bolt 580 and the arm 583 therefore usually work in synchronism, so that when the arm 583 swings in a clockwise direction, the bolt 580 is also rotated clockwise in order to place the shoulder 581 behind the pin 589 and to release the pin lever 531 to lock. On the other hand, when the arm 583 is pivoted counterclockwise, the latch 580 is also rotated counterclockwise to unlock the lock pin 539 and lever 531 so that the latter can operate. The arm 583 is usually pulled in a counterclockwise direction by a tension spring 587 which is anchored between the arm 583 and a pin seated on the intermediate plate 144. The swinging of the arm 583 and the latch 580 under the action of the spring 587 is usually prevented by two devices, namely by the device which is switched by the carriage so that the square root can only be taken when the carriage is in it extreme right position, while in all other car positions a square root calculation is not possible, and by a second device, which is switched by a camshaft 615 (described later) for the square root calculation, which prevents the square root device from working if this device is not in the correct position.

The device switched from the carriage position will first be described below. The interior space 583 is connected by a short link 588 to an angle lever 589 which is rotatably mounted on a pin 590 of the intermediate plate 144. The bell crank 589 has a relatively long handle 591 which extends to the right so that it lies under the front U-shaped rail 99 of the carriage when the carriage is in all positions other than the rightmost position. The rail 99 swings the angle lever 589 and its handle 591 attached to it in the counterclockwise direction (viewed from the left as in FIG. 10) and thereby swings the arm 583 in the clockwise direction. The tension of the spring 586 pulls the latch arm 580 forward or clockwise (Fig. 10), locking the inner pin lever 531 (Fig. 9) in its rest position. With the exception of the rightmost carriage position, the pin lever 531 is locked in every position of the carriage and cannot be released. Locking the inner pin lever 531 prevents closing of the engine switch, engaging the engine clutch, and also prevents setting of the divider. The locking of the inner pin lever 531 prevents the work of the outer lever 530 by the contact of the pin 541. The square root drawing is thus only started when the carriage is furthest to the right, for the following reasons: 1. To ensure the accuracy of the calculation increase and take full advantage of the machine's capacity, and 2. to achieve certain advantages that simplify safety interlocks which are otherwise rather complex in construction.

When the carriage is in its extreme right position, the angle lever 589 (FIG. 10) can swing freely upwards under the action of the spring 587 which pulls the arm 583 backwards. The arm 583 and latch 580 are free to rotate counterclockwise under the action of the spring 587, thereby releasing the inner pin lever 531 from the latch 580 and allowing the square root device to begin operating.

This locking or locking device is also through the angular position the camshaft 615 for the square root device monitors to work to prevent if the square root device is not in a proper condition is located. A roller 592 is provided at the upper end of the arm 583 for monitoring purposes. The roller 592 is a center disk 614 seated on the camshaft 615 assigned. As explained later, the camshaft 615 is out of the initial position (Fig. 10) turned out after working the square root device. The center disc 614 has an arched catch 613 that supports the roller 592 absorbs so the arm 583 after being released from the monitoring by the front rail 99 in a counterclockwise direction can swing out when the camshaft 615 is in its starting position. However, the rotation of the camshaft 615 from this initial position rotates center disk 614 so that roller 592 is no longer in alignment with the arch notch 613 is located. This causes the backward oscillation of the arm 583 for the purpose Unlocking of the pin lever 531 prevented. The first machine gear in pulling square roots also swings arm 583 clockwise, causing latch 580 to be clockwise is rotated and the pin 539 detected as soon as the pin lever 531 in its normal position is postponed. This reset takes place during the first machine run of the machine after initiating the square rooting process, as explained later will.

The Pin Wheel When the pin levers 530 and 531 (FIG. 9) are released for backward movement in the manner described above, then they set the pins 606 of the pin wheel 600, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 11 can be seen. The pin wheel 600 is rotatably mounted on the intermediate plate 144 by a screw 601. This pinwheel contains a gearwheel 602 which can be driven through a slot 599 placed on the left end of the transverse shaft 70 (FIG. 10). A transmission ratio of 1: 4 is selected between the scoring 599 and the pin wheel 600, so that the pin wheel 600 rotates through an arc of 90 ° with each working cycle of the machine. Thus, in the illustration, pinion 599 has ten teeth and gear 602 has forty teeth. A disk 603 (FIG. 11) is assigned to the gear 602 and is held at a distance from the gear 602 by a plurality of spacer rivets 604, so that the two parts form a unitary component. Pin wheel 600 has a plurality of aligned openings 605 that pass through gear 602 and washer 603. These aligned openings form bearings for the sliding pins 606. The pins 606 have centering grooves 607 around which a tension spring 608 is guided and holds each pin in its adjusted position. In the normal or rest position, no pin 606 passes through the disk 603. The pins 606 only become effective for the square root circuit when they are advanced through the disk 603. As an example, assume that the pin 606, which is in close proximity to the drive pinion 599, is in the 0 ° position. From FIG. 9 it can be seen that the pin 606, which is in the 0 ° position, is touched by a bevel on the handle 537 of the inner pin lever 531 when it is pivoted, the pin lever 531 pushing the pin inward (to the right in FIG. 31) so that the pin 606 protrudes beyond the washer 603. The outer pin lever 530 (FIG. 9) acts through a bevel on the handle 536 on the pin, which is in the 270 ° position, in order to also advance it through the disk when the outer pin lever 530 is actuated at the beginning of the square root extraction. The spring 607 (Fig. 11) holds the pins in their set position until they are displaced in one direction or the other. So if a pin has been advanced through the handle 536 or 537, it will remain in this position until it is pushed back into its normal position by the application of force.

It should be mentioned here that a reset cam 609 on the intermediate plate 144 is attached between the 180 ° position and the 270 ° position of the pins. A The advanced pin is in its rest position during the third operation deferred; if two pins have advanced, the first pin will during the third pass and the one originally in the 280 'position Pen reset during the fourth pass.

It should also be mentioned here that the inner pin lever 531 (FIG. 9) in reset its normal or rest position during the first working cycle will. It is activated by latch 580 (and also by latch 523 if the square root key is released) locked in its reset position since the first working cycle causes the camshaft 615 and the disc 614 to rotate 60 °. The provision of the pin lever 531 is brought about by the pin 606 in the 90 ° position, which cannot be advanced by the pin wheel 600 and the one with the one on top End of the pin lever 531 seated handle 540 engages the lever 531 to swing forward clockwise (Fig. 9) to its normal position. the Resetting the pin lever 531 also guides the pin lever 530 (when it is unlocked has been) by means of the pin 541 sitting on the lever 530. The camshaft advance In the machine according to the invention, progressive settings, digit position for digit digit, can be done during square rooting, such as already mentioned, either as a division with a progressively changing divisor or as the continuously performed subtraction of consecutive odd numbers Numbers can be viewed. To regulate the digit position in which the setting is made, the camshaft 615 (Figs. 10 and 15) is used. The work this camshaft 615 will be described in detail later. That's enough for now Note that it is necessary at the beginning of a square root calculation, the digit select where the first setting is made, d. H. the tenth digit to be selected if the number has only one digit in the group of numbers on the left, and to select the ninth digit if in the left group of the number there are two digits. After that, this shaft 615 is working from the carriage switched off.

In order to set the camshaft 615 correctly at the beginning of a square root calculation, a cam rotor in the form of an angle lever 616 is assigned to the pin wheel 600 (FIGS. 10 and 18). The angle lever 616 is rotatably mounted on the intermediate plate 144 by means of a screw 617. The bell crank 616 has a nose which protrudes into the path of movement of the advanced pins 606, which are between the 0 "and the 902 positions, since it is desirable that the camshaft 615 be in the tenth digit in the first operation is set. The angle lever 616 (FIG. 18) is pulled into the path of the pins by a tension spring 628 which lies between a pin present on a link 660 of the angle lever 616 and the side frame. The angle lever 616 has an upwardly directed arm 618 with a slot 619. Associated with the arm 618 is an arm 621 which is fixedly seated on a ratchet hub 622 (FIG. 10) which is rotatably disposed on the camshaft 615. The arm 621 carries a long pin 620 (Fig. 18) which engages the slot 619 so that swinging the bell crank 616 rotates the arm 621 and its hub 622. The hub 622 (Fig. 15) has six ratchet teeth. A second ratchet wheel hub 623 is assigned to the hub 622. The teeth of these two hubs work together to form a ratchet drive for the shaft 615 from the bell crank 616. This drive, which is used during the first operation or during two operations after starting the square root calculation, must be resiliently resilient, since the camshaft 615 is then switched by the carriage adjusting device. The second hub 623 therefore has a slot 626 into which a projection 627 of a ring 624, which is splinted onto the shaft 615, engages. A compression spring 625 lies between the ring 624 and the second hub 623, so that the second hub 623 is pressed to the left (as seen in FIG. 15) into engagement with the first hub 622.

It should be mentioned here that the first operation or the first rotation the camshaft 615 must be a half step in order to set the switching device for the highest Digit, d. H. to bring the tenth digit in the working position. As mentioned, sufficiently accurate results can be obtained by the adjustment device when calculating the square roots for the first six on the left Digits works, followed by ordinary division. That's why Six cams are provided on the 615 camshaft to work in the six to regulate the highest digits. Between this first group and the last Group is in a middle position. To introduce the square root calculation therefore a half step must be carried out, and after the calculation has been completed and after clearing the device, the camshaft is in a central position stopped between the sixth and the first position. This feed arrangement is obtained simply by having the two ratchet hubs 622 and 623 in the centered Stand a half-step apart. This setting is made by the carriage-operated drive mechanism described later. When the two The ratchet hubs are a half step apart, becomes obvious with the first Operation of the angle lever 616, the camshaft 615 only rotated by a half step, and in the second pass, the camshaft is increased by one full step or one Sixth of a turn rotated. Two pins 606 are advanced through the pin wheel 600 (through the simultaneous operation of the two pin levers 530 and 531 [Fig. 3]), then the angle lever 616 is the second time (by the second pin) rotated by a full step (60 °), whereby the switching device from the tenth Digit is switched to the ninth digit of the keyboard.

The camshaft 615 thus becomes the square root calculation during the preparatory stage by turning the pin wheel 600 at the beginning of the calculation process by 3U or Rotated 90 °. It has already been mentioned that the advanced pins 606 in their rest position are reset after passing the 180 ° position, in reality, however, in a late period of the third operation and that at most only two pins can be advanced. The shaft 615 can So the pin wheel 600 is only switched twice, namely at the 30 ° position and sometimes also at the 90 ° position. Later, the shaft will be at the end of each digit adjustment of the car rotated by 60 ° by a device that is adjusted by adjusting the Car is driven.

As shown in FIG. 15 showing the carriage in its extreme left position at the end of the square root calculation shows, it can be seen, possesses the anterior Rail 99 of the carriage at its far left end has a number of teeth 635. These Teeth 635 are arranged according to the digits and rotate during the Movement of the carriage from its extreme right position to its extreme left position a segment star wheel 636 (FIGS. 15 and 17) for the other digits in which the square root switching device or the sequence device operates. These Teeth 635 are arranged so that they the tips of the star wheel 636 directly touch before the end of the adjustment. As shown in FIG. 17 has the Star wheel 636 six teeth, of which the tooth at 633 has been removed. By the removal of this tooth becomes the camshaft rotation in the fifth digit the adjuster finished. The fifth digit can be after six or five Settings that run automatically through the square-root switching device can be achieved, this number depending on whether the work is carried out in the began in the tenth digit or in the ninth digit. The revolution of the camshaft 615 must be independent of the number of steps performed by the pin wheel gearshift be finished in the fifth digit of the setting before a. setting the camshaft is carried out by the movement of the carriage, and the segment star wheel 636 is a simple means of making such a change.

As mentioned, root extraction begins either in the tenth or the tenth in the ninth digit, and the progressive change in the keyboard value is ended in the fifth digit. However, the camshaft must be in the zero position be brought to clear the switching device and jamming of the machine to prevent. Regardless of the required steps, the star wheel 636 are in the starting position at the end of each billing process. The star wheel 636 is centered with part 633 facing upwards and rotated just enough that its first tooth is touched by the leftmost tooth 635 when the carriage shifts from its extreme right position to the left. Marriage to pulling the square root can be started, the carriage must be moved to the right, and the outermost left tooth 635 is to the right of star wheel 636.

The star wheel 636 (Figs. 20 and 21) is usually external the plane of the teeth 635. This star wheel 636 is sliding on a square shaft 637, which is mounted in brackets 638 and 639 on an auxiliary plate 145. A hub 640 des Star wheel 636 has an annular groove 641 into which a pin 642 (FIG. 20) intervenes. The pen sits on an arm 643, which is also on the auxiliary plate 145 is rotatably mounted on a pin 644. The arm 643 is after pushed backwards (clockwise in FIG. 20) by a spring 742 and is locked in the rest position shown in this figure. The one described later Device that connects the drive shaft of the work sequence device with of the cross shaft 70, also releases the arm 643, whereby the star wheel 636 in the plane of the teeth 635 is moved. The adjustment of the carriage turns to the left then the star wheel 636 and the square shaft 637 through the one for the square root pulling necessary steps through and leaves the star wheel 636 in its starting or Rest position after work in the six digits that are set by the square root switch be switched. On the inner end of the square shaft 637 (left in Fig. 20) sits a helical gear 645, which is in mesh with a second helical gear 646. The second helical gear 646 sits on a shaft 647, which is in the auxiliary plate 145 (F i g. 21) and an end piece 648 of the bracket 638 is mounted. On shaft 647 there is also a small pinion 649 attached to that with a similar one on the camshaft 615 seated pinion 650 is engaged.

After releasing the arm 643 and your thereby become possible Moving the star wheel 636 in the plane of the teeth 635 rotates the adjustment of the car the star wheel 636 and consequently also the camshaft 615. There are six digits are present in the sequence device, the camshaft 615 must by one full step or one sixth of a revolution for each digit of the work sequence device to be turned around.

The camshaft drive device described above thus gives the camshaft 615 a half step or a rotation of 30 ° in the first operation of the square root calculation, the pin in the 0 ° position moving into the 90 ° position. As a result, as will be explained later, the square root setting device is set to operate in the tenth digit. If two pins have been pressed by the simultaneous swinging of the two pin levers 530 and 531, the second pin also swings the angle lever 616 to give the camshaft 615 a second angular rotation by a full step or by 60 °. This last-mentioned step sets the machine to operate in the ninth digit, as is required when the left-hand group of the radicand consists of two digits. The arm 643 is then released so that the star wheel 636 can move into the plane of the teeth 635. As a result, the camshaft is driven by the adjustment of the carriage.

The camshaft 615 is in each set position by a Maintaining a mediating device, which can be of any type. As an an example a star wheel 860 (FIG. 26) is shown, in which a ball 861 engages, which is urged into the notches of the star wheel by a spring 862. These A spring and ball lock is carried by a housing 863.

A device is also provided to rotate the camshaft 615 in FIG their starting position or in their mid-position at the end of the square root calculation to turn. As mentioned, this centering position is half a step the end position of the camshaft, this position being determined by the last movement of the star wheel 636 is determined. The device provided for this purpose (F i g. 19 and 20) contains a single toothed gear 755 which is fixed on the camshaft 615 sits. The single tooth is undercut and a pawl 756 engages with it, which is rotatably mounted on an arm 757 (FIG. 20) which in turn is rotatable seated on shaft 647. The pawl 756 is related to the single tooth gear 755 in the counterclockwise direction (as seen in FIG. 20) by a tension spring 758 in the engaged position pulled between a handle provided on the latch and one on the Arm 75 7 seated peg is anchored. There is also a backward on arm 757 directional forked handlebar 760 rotatably mounted. In the one on the back Fork 761 located at the end of arm 760 engages a pin 762 on the arm 643 is seated. A tension spring 759 swings the arm 757 backwards (viewed in a clockwise direction in Fig. 20) to hold the entire assembly firmly against pin 762. The arm 643 carries a cam plate 711 and a roller 713, which is driven by a on the front Rail 99 of the carriage seated cam rail 714 forward (counterclockwise in Fig. 20) can be swung when the carriage is in its extreme left position is located. This is the position the chariot has at the end of a square root calculation occupies. At the time the arm 643 moves forward (counterclockwise in Fig. 20) is swung, the star wheel 636 is out of the plane of the teeth 635 pushed out, and at the same time arm 757 and pawl 756 are advanced swung to safely center camshaft 615. This causes the camshaft 615, which by the star gear 636 in the sixth position or the final position was left by moving the carriage to the extreme left by one Half step turned. This half-step rotation of the shaft 615 rotates the driven one Ratchet hub 623 (FIG. 15) by a half step relative to the driving ratchet hub 622, so that the first oscillating movement of the angle lever 616 of the camshaft 615 den necessary half step there.

The keypad lock The swinging of the angle lever 616 (Fig. 18) in the first cycle of the machine, d. H. if the is in the 0 'position If the pen rotates to the 90 ° position, the keyboard will also be locked against writing new numerical values. The blocking takes place by means of the devices shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 Device containing the handlebar 660, the rear end of which is attached to the bell crank 616 (Fig. 10) is rotatably mounted. The front end of the handlebar 660 (F i g. 8 and 9) is rotatably connected to an arm 661 which is rotatable on an Ouervelle 662 is stored. Arm 661 has a forwardly extending cam arm 663. As soon as the angle lever 616 (Fig. 10) turns counterclockwise through the pin wheel 600 is swung out, the cam arm 663 (Fig. 8) is pulled backwards, pushes against the rounded nose of a keyboard lock rail 664 and shifts it to the right (seen in Fig. 8).

The keyboard lock rail 664 could extend the full width of the keyboard. Preferably, however, it is attached to a Come azeiger-return rail 670, so that this rail also locks the locking rails 350th For this purpose, the rail 670 consists of one piece with an arm 671 which engages in a slot of a keyboard locking rail 672. The rail 672 has alternating teeth 673 and notches 674. Usually, the downwardly directed tabs 354 of the locking rails 350 lie in the notches 674 of the rail 672 and can therefore be freely moved backwards. If, however, the rail 672 is moved to the right, the teeth 673 lie behind the associated tabs 354 of the locking rails 350, so that no movement of the locking rails 350 is possible. As will be recalled, the keyboard was cleared when the square root calculation was initiated, so that the keyboard was cleared while the machine had begun its operation and the angle lever 616 (FIG. 9) was swung out. Thus, by shifting the rails 664, 670 and 672 (to the right in FIG. 8), the teeth 673 can be moved behind the corresponding tabs 354 of the locking rails 350. The locking bars 350 are therefore fixed and it is impossible to key in a numeric value on the keyboard.

A locking arm 675 is rotatably mounted at the right end of the return bar 670 for the decimal point and is rotated downwards (clockwise in FIG. 8) by a tension spring 676, which lies between the locking arm 675 and the transverse shaft 333. The locking arm 675 has a shoulder 677 that engages a slot 678 (FIG. 3) of the right side frame 52. Shifting rail 664, rail 670, and locking arm 675 to the right (Fig. 8) also shifts shoulder 677, usually located in slot 678, beyond side frames 52 so that shoulder 677 is on the right falls off the side panel 52 and locks the entire assembly in the right-hand position N-locked. The locking of the locking arm 675 in this position holds the locking rails 350 in the locking position, so that thereby the introduction of a numerical value into the keyboard is prevented until the square root calculation is completed.

The locking arm 675 has an extension 679 which lies above an angle lever 680 (FIGS. 8 and 12) and contacts the angle lever 680, which is rotatably mounted on the Ouerwelle 502. As will be recalled, at the beginning of the square root calculation, the shaft 557 is rotated to swing the link 560 (Fig. 12) backward and the cam arm 567 forwards. By swinging the cam arm 567 with the division drive lever 234, the square root canceller is prepared to operate as soon as the division calculation ends in the leftmost position, as will be described later. The linkage actuated in this way pushes a link 631 rotatably mounted on the angle lever 680 forwards, so that the angle lever 680 is swung clockwise (as seen in FIG. 12) and the locking arm 675 can be locked on the right side frame 52. Upon completion of the square root device erasure, the handlebar 681 is quickly pulled backward (to the right in Fig. 12), rotating the bell crank 680 and lifting the lock arm 675. By lifting the locking arm 675, the key lock rail 672 is unlocked so that the keyboard can work normally again.

'The drive of the setting mechanism.

As already mentioned, the square root is taken by continuously subtracting consecutive odd numbers, starting with "1", "3", etc., which corresponds to a division by a divisor consisting of the same numbers and gradually changing. A feed device must therefore be provided for setting the various digit setting rails in order to set a value "1" in the first step and then set "3", "5" etc. up to a maximum value of "17", the subtraction of which has a root value of " 9 «results. This value "9" is the largest number that is possible in one digit of the root. Such a setting must also contain a tens transfer, since the setting switches from a value of "9" to a value of "11". This tens transfer must increase the numerical value in the higher digit by "1" and shift the value in the digit in question from >> 9 <: to "1". This setting must carry out a single step in the first working cycle, but a double step later. The advance is achieved by a ratchet drive. A drive shaft 685 for the control device extends at the rear of the main frame across the left side of the machine, as shown in FIG. 10, 15, 18 etc. show. This shaft is mounted in the auxiliary plate 144 on the left and in a frame plate 771 on the right (FIG. 16) of the device for carrying out the work sequences to be observed when pulling square roots.

The required drive is provided by one seated on the transverse shaft 70 Cam 686 (Fig. 18) derived. The cam 686 swings a drive arm 688 via a cam follower roller 687 which is rotatably mounted on the drive arm 688 is. Its rotation is about one carried by an auxiliary console 690 (Fig. 9) Bolt 689. It is urged against cam 686 (FIG. 18) by means of a spring 700. The arm 688 thus swings whenever the machine is working.

The upper end of the drive arm 688 has a slot 691 in which engages a pin 692 of a short arm 693, which is attached to a drive sprocket 694 (FIG. 15), which is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 685. The drive ratchet 694 includes a driven ratchet 695 on the drive shaft 685 is attached. The two ratchet wheels are engaged with each other by a Compression spring 699 held around shaft 685 and between drive sprocket 694 and the left intermediate plate 144 is located. These two ratchet wheels each have five Teeth. In machines of this type, the feed gears are called ten-tooth gears formed, since in a decimal system the feed in partial sizes of tenths must be done. In the square root device, therefore, a feed rate is required of a tenth (one tooth) are done in the first step, and the adjustment rails need to get a single Numbers are shifted, whereupon then a feed of two teeth (two number spacings) takes place. This is done through a Coupling arrangement with five-tooth ratchet wheels obtained through which a feed by two digits in each digit, apart from the first. The advance by a single number spacing in the first digit is thereby Obtain that the driven ratchet 695 upon completion of the square root extraction and when moving the car from digit to digit is withdrawn by half a tooth pitch.

The drive shaft 685 is in its centered position by a Mediating device held. It consists of a ten-tooth star wheel 696, (F i g. 10), which is guided by a spring-loaded ball guided in a housing 698 697 is set.

The locking wheels 694 and 695 are coupled and uncoupled by means of a coupling bracket 705 (FIGS. 15, 18, 19). This bracket 705 has two curved arms, of which the right-hand arm 706 (FIG. 15) is rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 685 and the left-hand arm 707 lies loosely in an annular groove in the drive lock wheel 694. The drive ratchet 694 and yoke 705 are usually urged to the right into the clutch position by the compression spring 699. The arm 706 of the bracket 705 has a catch 717 (FIG. 18) into which a pin 708 carried by a handlebar 709 engages. The link 709 sits loosely on the camshaft 615 and the drive shaft 685 and is only intended to hold the bracket 705 against rotation. The engagement of the drive locking wheel 694 with the driven locking wheel 695 can be regulated by shifting the bracket 705 (FIG. 15). For this purpose, the right-hand arm 706 of the bracket is bent so that a cam surface 710 is created. This cam surface 710 works together with the cam plate 711, the angled cam edge 712 of which acts on the cam surface 710 in order to press the coupling bracket 705 to the left. From Fig. 15 it can be seen that the coupling bracket 705 is pushed to the left or into its decoupling position when the cam plate 711 is pushed forward. The cam plate 711 carries the roller 713 which can be contacted by the cam rail 714 seated on the front rail 99 of the carriage. As soon as the carriage is moved to its extreme left position, the cam plate 711 is pushed forward. and is locked in the forward position as described below. In this position the cam is uncoupled and the feed drive is switched off.

As shown in FIG. 1.5 can be seen, the bracket 705 is also switched by the device, which performs a "rotation too much". An angle lever 716 is assigned to the tens transmission gear 86 of the highest digit. Too much rotation in the highest digit of the keyboard pushes the toothed wheel 86 and its flange 94 forward and thereby swings the angle lever 716 clockwise (as seen in FIG. 15). The angle lever 716 has a tab 718 which is gripped by the flange 94. The angle lever 716 also has a slot into which the end piece of the right arm 706 of the coupling bracket 705 engages, as shown in FIG. 1.8 and 19 show. As soon as a "turn too much" has occurred in the highest digit of the machine, the angle lever 716 is turned clockwise (as seen in FIG. 15) and pushes the coupling bracket 705 to the left in order to disengage the feed coupling. The tens transmission gearwheel 86 and its associated flange 94 are reset again in the same working cycle, but the angle lever 716 remains in its pivoted-out position until the clutch with the ratchet wheels 694 and 695 is engaged again.

The cam plate 711 is usually locked in an uncoupling position. The plate 711 is always locked in the uncoupling position until the third step of the square root calculation. In the uncoupling position, it is temporarily locked at each "turn too much" and remains locked until work begins on the next digit. It also remains locked as soon as the rotation of the camshaft 615 ends with the completion of work in the fifth digit. In this latter operation, the cam rail 714 contacts the roller 713 to hold the plate 711 forward in the end position during erasing. The device for locking this plate 711 in its rest position is particularly shown in FIG. 20 shown. The cam plate 711 sits on the upper end of the arm 643, which also effects the axial displacement of the star wheel 636. This arm 643 carries a locking arm 720 which is rotatably mounted on the arm 643 by means of the pin 642. The pin 642 also engages the annular groove of the hub of the star wheel 636. The locking arm 720 has a shoulder 723 which contacts a square pin 724 seated on the intermediate plate 14.4. The locking arm 720, which is pulled upward by a tension spring 722, has a forwardly directed nose 725 which releases the arm against the tension of the spring 722 during the third working cycle of the square root calculation. After the locking arm 720 has been released from the square pin 724, the arm 643 can be swung backwards (clockwise, as seen in FIG. 20). The arm 643 remains in this position until it is pushed forward by the cam rail 714 contacting the roller 713.

The device for releasing the locking arm 720 is shown primarily in FIGS. 9, 15 and 20 shown. A. Arm 730 (FIG. 9) is rotatably supported on intermediate plate 144 by a pin 731. This arm 730 is urged backwards into the path of the protruding pins 606 of the pin wheel 600 by a tension spring 743. which is stretched between the arm 730 and a pin (not shown) seated on the intermediate plate 144. This arm also has a cam edge 732 which is contacted by a protruding pin 606 shortly after the start of the third cycle and before the pin is returned to its normal position by the cam 609 (FIG. 11). The upper end of the arm 730 is rotatably connected to a rearward-facing link 733, the rear end of which is loosely supported on an arm 734 . The arm 734 is firmly seated on a transverse shaft 735, which extends from the intermediate plate 144 to the left side frame 53. An arm 736 is firmly seated on the shaft 735 (FIG. 1.5). A short arm 738 is located next to the arm 736, which is rotatable on the shaft 735. The arm 736 has a bent handle 737 (FIG. 20) and the short arm 738 has the same handle 739. A tension spring 740 located between the two handles pulls the two arms together. The short arm 738 carries a pin 741 which contacts the nose 725 of the locking arm 720. It can thus be seen that the advanced pin 606 (FIG. 9) touches the cam edge 732 during the third working cycle and thereby swings the arm 730 clockwise (as seen in FIG. 9). As a result of this swinging of the arm 730, the shaft 735 becomes counterclockwise in FIG. 9 and clockwise in FIG. 20 swung out, whereby the arm 736 is pressed downwards. By swinging the arm 736, the short arm 738 is also swung clockwise (as seen in FIG. 20), whereby the locking arm 720 is released and the arm 643 can move backwards under the action of the compression spring 742, which between the Helical gear 645 and the hub 640 of the star wheel 636 is switched on. The rearward movement of arm 643 and its associated cam plate 711 (FIG. 15) releases clutch bracket 705 so that bracket 705 can move to the right and both ratchet clutch parts 694 and 695 mesh. The swinging out of the arm 730 (FIG. 9) takes place after the drive stroke of the drive arm 688, so that the drive shaft 685 and its coupling 694, 695 (FIG. 15) for work in the third work cycle, in which the bracket 705 released, prepared, but only driven in the fourth working cycle.

The Alm 736 (Fig. 19) extends backwards and carries between at its ends a roller 750, d; e lies vertically below the camshaft 615. A six-toothed one Star wheel 751, the teeth of which are truncated, is fixed on camshaft 615 in attached to the same plane as the roller 750. It should be remembered that the starting position of the camshaft 615 a half step between the end position and the first angular position and that the shaft is rotated by the half step during the first working cycle will. As in Fig. 19, the star wheel 751 is mounted on the shaft 615 in such a way that that one of the truncated teeth of the star wheel 751, the roller 750 in the starting position of the shaft, causing the arm 736 to swing clockwise and move in this position is held. During the first work game, the camshaft is turned by one Half step or rotated by 30 ° so that the roller between adjacent teeth of the Star wheel 751 is and the arm 736 can rise as a result. During each following further rotation of the camshaft 615, the arm 736 is driven by the tooth of the Star wheel 751 swings downwards and is immediately returned by the train of the Arm 730 (Fig. 9) engaging tension spring 743 pulled up to the circuit a lower digit by the setting device.

The rear end of the arm 736 (FIG. 19) also carries a pin 752 which is able to cooperate with the right-hand arm 70C of the coupling bracket 705. If the coupling bracket 705 is in its right-hand position or working position, then the pin 752 touches the lower edge of the right-hand arm 706, so that the roller 750 cannot enter the space between adjacent teeth of the star wheel 751. However, as soon as the coupling bracket 705 is rotated to the left into the uncoupling position by the angle lever 716, the arm 736 is pulled upwards by the spring 740, so that the return of the coupling bracket 705 (FIG. 15) to its right-hand position or working position after correcting the excessive rotation. The pin 752 blocks the return of the coupling bracket 705 during almost two working cycles, namely during the additive correction of the excessive rotation and during most of the working cycle, during which the carriage is moved one step to the left. During the first part of the adjustment step, the movement of the carriage rotates the drive shaft 685 back half a step, as will be described later, to decrease the set value in the keyboard by "1", and also returns the drive shaft 685 to its half-step position, see above that it puts a "1" in the setting mechanism of the next lowest digit on the drive. At a later point in time during the adjustment or the work cycle, the teeth 635 sitting on the front rail 99 (FIG. 20) of the carriage swing the star wheel 636 by one step or by 60 °, whereby the camshaft 615 by a single step of 60 ° is rotated. This angular rotation of the camshaft turns the star wheel 751 from one tooth notch to the next tooth notch, whereby the arm 736 (FIG. 19) is swung downwards so that the pin 752 no longer locks the coupling bracket 705. Before the arm 736 can be returned to its raised position, the compression spring 699 (FIG. 15) of the clutch moves the ratchet hub 694 and the bracket 705 to the right, so that the pin 752 (FIG. 19) is again the lower one Edge of the right arm 706 of the coupling bracket 705 touches. The swinging out of the arm 736 is not sufficient to release the nose 725 (FIG. 20), since this swinging out is significantly smaller than the swinging out caused by the swinging of the arm 730 (FIG. 9). The device for switching the work sequences necessary for pulling square roots The device for switching the work sequences necessary for pulling square roots is located in a gear box which, as shown in FIG. 15 and 16 show behind the keyboard and in front of the carriage 21 (Fig. 1). This device is a gear for automatic and automatic switching of the setting of numerical values in the six digits located on the left side of the keyboard. After this process has been carried out for the six digits furthest to the left, the machine automatically switches to a division process in order to end the extraction of the roots. This will result in roots that are accurate to nine digits, and in most cases up to ten digits.

These in the F i g. 15 and 16 and also in FIGS. 22 to 25 shown Device is quite intricate in structure. It works in the following way: The numerical values are set in the setting unit from digit to digit, that of a division with a progressively or stepwise changing divisor of successive ones are odd numbers, and after one spin too much it becomes a Group of circuits initiated, which consist in that the last selected Numerical value is added in order to correct the too much rotation, then that in the setting unit The last numerical value setting made is reset to the next lower even number, and finally the division calculation is in the next lower digit initiated. This device sits in a frame that consists of a left frame plate 770 and the right frame plate 771. The two frame plates 770 and 771 lie firmly on a relatively thick base plate 772 (Fig. 22). The device is divided into groups of digits by several partition walls 773 and half walls 774. The partition walls 773 and the half walls 774 have front and rear uprights 775 (Fig. 24), which fit into milled grooves 776 of the footplate 772. Around the walls To lock in place, the extended uprights 775 form handles 777, which are bent a little after assembly, around the walls with the base plate 772 lock. The upper part of the gear box is supported by a tie rod 778 pulled tightly together and properly spaced by spacers 779. The gear box is attached to the trolley frame by means of a left frame wall panel 770 (Fig. 22) provided bracket 780 and by an the right frame wall 77l_ provided bracket 781 (Fig. 23).

The various frame walls have a groove 785 on the leading edge (Fig. 24) to form openings for camshaft 615. The frame plates are grooved in the upper rear edge at 786 to provide openings for the drive shaft 685 to form. The front edge also has a groove 787 in the middle Receiving an erasure threshold 962, and on the rear edge is a groove 788 for a Intermediate shaft 803 is provided.

The operation of the camshaft 615 As shown in FIGS. 15 and 24, the camshaft 615 is located in the upper front corner of the gear case. As will be remembered, this shaft is rotated through an angle of 30 ° at the beginning of the square root calculation and then receives successive rotations of 60 ° in the same direction in order to set the digit position in which the adjustment device comes to work. That is, the angular position of the camshaft 615 determines the digit position in which the incremental change of the setting device takes place in order to subtract successive odd numbers. For this purpose, the camshaft 615 carries a single-toothed cam 795 (FIGS. 15, 3.6 and 22) in each digit of the work sequence device. The teeth of these cams have a beveled edge on the front and fall off steeply at the back. These cams are attached to the camshaft 615 and are each offset by 60 ° in a spiral around the shaft. As shown in FIG. 15, the cam 795 of the tenth digit, which is furthest to the left, is rotated by 30 ° to the rear (in the clockwise direction when viewed from the right) by its associated cam follower 796. The various cam followers 796 are aligned, but the cams 795 are incrementally staggered around the shaft. As shown in the drawings, the cam runners 796 consist of a single-tooth disk, the tooth of which is a supplement to the tooth of the cam 795. The cam runners 796 are loosely mounted on the shaft 615 and are pressed to the left or into engagement with the cam 795 by compression springs 797 which lie between the cam runners 796 and the partition walls 773 lying to the right thereof. As soon as the camshaft 615 is given its first half-step rotation or a rotation by 30 ' forward (counterclockwise, viewed from the right), the cam follower 796 of the tenth digit is pressed to the right against the action of its spring 797. As soon as the shaft 615 executes its next rotary step, which is a full step by 60 ', the tooth of the cam 795 of the tenth digit has moved past the tooth of its cam follower 796, so that the cam follower 796 of the tenth digit can return to the left into its end coupling position, and the cam follower 796 of the ninth digit has been pushed to the right. This work process takes place over the entire length of the gear unit during the square root calculation and sets the digit position in which the setting mechanism is operated by the drive shaft.

A fork arm 798 is attached to the cam follower 796 and follows extends downwards and backwards as in FIG. 24 is shown. The one behind End of the fork arm 798 carries a fork 802, which is in an annular groove 799 of a long Hub 800 (Fig. 23). The long hub 800 is rotatable on the intermediate shaft 803 and extends from one of the half walls 774 through the partition 773 through the next lower digit. There is an intermediate gear on the hub 800 801 is attached to or is made in one piece with the hub. The intermediate gear 801 is beveled (Fig. 25) to enable sliding engagement with the one described later To facilitate drive device. The intermediate gear 801 is shifted to the right, as soon as its cam follower 796 is moved by the associated cam 795, whereby the intermediate gears 801 successively from digit to digit in the working position be brought when the car moves from one digit to the next shifts.

The drive device for the drive shaft 685 As FIG. 15th 16 and 16 show the drive shaft 685 extends across the transmission. Several gears 805, one gear in each digit, are on the Drive shaft 685 split open. The drive shaft is against longitudinal displacement held by a ring 807 (Fig. 15). The one mentioned is this driveshaft 685 a movement of one step and then one during the fourth working cycle Movement by two steps is given until the device which is "turning too much"; shifts, operates to disengage the clutch ratchet gears 694 and 695. All Drive gears 805 are therefore in each work cycle of the arithmetic process Rotated synchronously. However, the rotation of the drive shaft 685 becomes the setting mechanism adjusted in just one digit.

It should be remembered that the intermediate wheels 801, beginning with the highest digit and descending from digit to digit, are pushed one after the other to the right by means of the above-mentioned cams and forks. If the setting mechanism is in the tenth digit at the beginning of the calculation process (which is the case if there is a single number in the leftmost group of the radicand), then the cam 795 furthest to the left moves its associated cam follower 796 to the right during the first work cycle to prepare the setting mechanism to work in the highest digit. As a result of this working of the cam, the intermediate wheel 801 located in the highest digit position is pushed to the right so that it engages with the drive wheel 805 of this digit position. The second pass would then be an idle and in the third pass the driveshaft 685 is primed for operation. In the fourth step, the drive shaft starts rotating (it performs a single step in this step) and advances the setting mechanism by one step. If, on the other hand, the leftmost group of the radicand consists of two digits, the process begins with the ninth row of digits. In this case, the first operation rotates the camshaft 615 by half a step or by 30 °, so that the cam 795 located in the tenth digit (the extreme left) pushes its cam follower to the right. Since two pins 606 (Fig. 9) are set on the pin wheel 600, the camshaft 615 (Fig. 15) is given a full step in the second operation, which rotates the cam 795 of the tenth digit so that it has its cam follower 796 releases and brings the cam 795 of the ninth digit (the second digit from the left) into engagement with its cam follower 796. As a result, the intermediate gear 801 located in the ninth digit is brought into engagement with its drive gear 805. In the fourth work step, the drive gear then pushes the intermediate gear 801 of the ninth digit position forward by one step and then successively by two steps, namely for as long as the machine is working in this digit position.

The intermediate gear 801 is constantly in mesh with a gear 812 (FIGS. 23 and 24) which is rotatably mounted on the transverse shaft 810. The gear 812 has a long hub 813 with a second gear 811 (Fig. 23). The teeth of gears 812 and 811 are aligned so that both gears with which they mesh are rotated in unison, as if idler 801 were driving a gear 814 driven by gear 811 directly. The gear wheel 811 is mainly used to transfer tens from one digit to the other digit, as occurs in the manual billing process. The gear wheel 811 is permanently in mesh with a gear wheel 814 which is rotatably mounted on a transverse shaft (FIG. 24). The gear 814 has a hub 816 (Fig. 25) on which a second gear 817 is mounted. Between the two gears 814 and 817 are two segment gears 819 and 820. The segment gear 819 is on the left end of the hub 816 and has four teeth, while the segment gear 820 is on the right end of the hub and has three teeth.

It should be mentioned again that two adjustment rails for each digit position 58 (Fig. 2) are provided, one of which is an adjustment rail from the buttons »1« to »5« and the other setting bar are switched by the »6« to »9« buttons will. The segment gear 819 (Fig. 24) 'causes the advance of the adjustment rail 58 for the keys »1« to »5«, while the segment gear 820 is the adjustment rail for the keys »6« to »9« in this digit. A forked rack 825 (Fig. 23) is the segment gear 819 and a similar rack 826 is the Assigned segment gear 820. The two racks have upper and lower racks Web 827 and 828 (Fig. 24), which are in parallel grooves 829 and 830 of the base plate 772 slide. Each rack 825, 826 is pulled backwards by a tension spring 831, which is stretched between a pin sitting on the front end of the rack 832 and a rail 833, which is in a on the back of the footplate 772 provided groove 834 is held. The racks 825, 826 are therefore constant pulled backwards by their springs 831, but are pulled forward by their associated springs Segment gears 819 and 820 pushed as soon as the gears 814 and 817 with their Hub 816 can be set in rotation by gear 811. The gears of the described Gear trains are ten-tooth gears, so that the gear 814 in the first Rotation stage of the drive shaft 685 a single step-by-step circuit or a one-tenth of a turn is given. As a result, the first tooth located on the segment gear 819 engages into teeth 835 located on the upper edge of the rack 825 and pushes the rack 825 forward a distance equal to the displacement of the adjustment rail 58 is when setting a numerical value »1« in the setting mechanism. In the next step the gear train is given a movement of two steps, so that the segment gear is advanced by two teeth and this segment gear 819 its associated rack 825 advances to a position equal to the setting of the Adjustment bar 58 is what you would get when you press the "3" key. As soon the value goes beyond »4«, the last tooth of the segment gear 819 is located behind the last tooth of the associated rack 825, and as soon as the tooth is in goes to its "5" position, this last tooth shifts the one on the rack 825 located last tooth, so that the rack is placed in the "5" position. The next step causes the segment gear 819 to move beyond the "5" position, leaving its engagement with the rack 825, so that the Rack 825 under the action of its spring 831 in its rearward position or Can return to rest position. In the fourth work step, the segment gear has 820 turned so far that its teeth mesh with the teeth of the rack 826, whereby the rack is moved forward two distances, which is the "7" position is equivalent to. In the next step, the gear would be turned to the "9" position will. If another operation is required before the excessive rotation is, the segment gear 819 has rotated enough to restore its rack 825 and move it to the "1" position. If this is the case, but must also transfer a "1" to the next higher digit of the setting mechanism will.

The hub 800 therefore carries a single tens transmission tooth 840 which, when the idler gear 801 is slid to the right (to the left in FIG. 23) to engage the drive gear 805, is in the plane of the gear 811 of the next higher digit. The angular arrangement of the tooth 840 on the hub 800 (Fig. 24) is chosen so that the tooth gives its associated gear 811 a single switching pulse when the segment gear 820 passes the "9" position and the segment gear 819 passes its rack 825 pushes forward into the "1" position. With this facility, a flawless, precise and compulsory transfer of tens is achieved with every transition from "9" to "11". If a tens transmission causes one turn too much in this operation, the decrease by "1" in the lower digit is carried out and the transmission is not disturbed. In other words: The tens transfer takes place when the numerical value in the setting advances from "9" to "11". If this tens transfer causes one turn too much, then the "11" is reduced to "10", but this does not interfere with the tens transfer that took place in the higher digit, since the decrease by "1" was made in the lower digit.

A second tens transfer is not required as it is the highest Numerical value that is actually subtracted in this process when "turning too much" can be, the value is "19".

The gear parts containing the segment counters 814 and 817 are held in their set position by a ball lock whose ball 845 by a compression spring 846 in the between adjacent teeth of the gear 817 provided cutout is pressed. The locking device is in one of the Housing attached to intermediate walls 847.

The forked racks 825 and 826 are fixedly connected to their respective adjustment rails 58. From Fig. 24 it can be seen that the lower front edge of the racks 825 or 826 is provided with a small groove 850 . A handle 851 (FIGS. 27, 28) engages in this groove and is clamped to clamping blocks 852 and 853 by a screw 854. The associated rail 58 is clamped between blocks 852 and 853, as shown in FIG. 28 shows. The racks 825 and 826 are firmly connected to the corresponding adjustment rails 58, and the movements of the racks and the adjustment rail are secured in this way, so that any over-skidding is prevented during rapid adjustments. In normal computing operations of the machine, the adjustment rails 58 are usually moved by hand. This also adjusts the racks 825 and 826. Such a movement does not, however, affect the operation of the machine, since the segment gears 819 and 820 in their normal position or rest position are out of engagement with the teeth 835 present on these two racks. As a result of the movement of the racks, the gears are not moved and the operation of the device is not hindered in any way.

The racks and the setting mechanism are thus advanced into a set position by the device described. In one of the operations, the set numerical value will now be greater than the number from the corresponding dials 22 of the counter, so that there is one turn too much, by means of which the angle lever 716 (FIG. 15) is turned. As already explained, the swinging of this angle lever 716 uncouples the ratchet wheels 694 and 695 and thereby switches off the advance of numerical values into the setting mechanism. As mentioned, while the square root device was operating, the machine was also switched by the dividing device. The excessive rotation therefore causes the shifting shaft 251 (FIG. 6) of the dividing device to be shifted to the right and thereby initiates a three-stage working sequence which is carried out by the segment gear 270 (FIG. 5). This segment gear 270 causes the following stages: 1. An additive operation to correct the excessive rotation; 2. an adjustment of the carriage by one step to the left; and 3. the restart of a subtraction process. The adjustment of the carriage to the left causes the segment star wheel 636 (FIG. 20) and the camshaft 615 that the single-tooth cam 795 (FIG. 15) located in the next lower digit comes into contact with its cam follower 796, whereby the drive to the setting mechanism in the previously operated digit position and the drive device is prepared for working in the next lower digit position. As soon as the carriage is switched one step to the left, the process described above is repeated until there is one turn too much again.

The adjustment of the carriage to the left also serves to reduce the numerical value in the setting mechanism from the odd number that caused the circuit to be too high to the next lower even number. This is done by means of a cam rail 870 (Fig. 15) which is fixedly attached to the front rail 99 of the carriage. This cam rail has rounded teeth 871, which lie between adjacent rows of digits of the carriage. This cam rail 870 is assigned a cam runner 872 (FIGS. 16 and 26), which sits on a swing arm 873 rotatably mounted on the right frame plate 771. The arm 873 has a groove 874 into which a pin 875 of a locking coupling part 876 engages. The locking coupling part 876 is rotatably seated on the drive shaft 685 (FIG. 16) and is rotated by swinging the arm 873. This oscillation always takes place when the car moves around a digit in those car positions that are monitored or switched by the square root device. The locking part 876 is assigned a complementary locking part 877, which is splinted onto the drive shaft 685. A compression spring 878 presses the two locking parts apart. The arm 873 is typically pulled backward (pointer in FIG. 26) by a spring 879. The locking members 876 and 877 can have ten teeth so that the swinging of the arm 873 causes the shaft 685 to rotate in the reverse direction by a single digit, or the locking members can have five teeth, in which case the driving locking member 876 is one-half a step forward of the driven locking part is switched.

The swing arm 873 is rotatably mounted on a long pin 880, which differs from the one on the right Frame plate 771 extends to the right. The swing arm 873 can slide freely along the pin 880 and can also around the Swing cones. Adjusting the carriage to the left has the consequence that a tooth 871 (Fig. 15) of the cam rail 870 sitting on the carriage with the one on the arm 873 seated cam follower 872 (FIG. 26) comes into contact. Since the spring 879 is relatively strong, the carriage pushes arm 873 along pin 880, before it swings it against the tension of spring 879. The arm 873 (Fig. 16) therefore pushes the driving locking part 876 against the tension of the spring 878 next left, until the locking part 876 engages the driven locking part 877. As soon as this is the If so, the displacement of the arm 873 along the pin 880 is blocked, and the tooth 871 (FIG. 15) swings the cam follower 873 (FIG. 26) so that the Locking parts move the shaft 685 in the reverse direction by a single step. This causes the driven ratchet wheel located on the left end of shaft 685 to become 695 (Fig. 15) is half a step out of alignment with its drive ratchet 694, so that the first operation is in the next lower digit an entry of a value of "1" is in this digit. That through the locking parts 876 and 877, the drive shaft 685 swings in the opposite direction also serves to change the value set in the adjustment rail 58 from the odd Number that caused too much rotation to the next lower straight number Decrease the number, as is the case for the extraction of square roots Require rules. This process takes place immediately before the star wheel is turned 636 (Fig. 20). In any case, the teeth 871 of the cam rail 870 work (Fig. 15) - and the cam follower 872 (Fig. 26) so that the shaft 685 by one single digit spacing is rotated in the opposite direction, whereby the in the The numerical value set in the setting unit is reduced to the next lower even number and at the same time the driven ratchet 695 (Fig. 15) is adjusted so that it only takes half a step or one in the next working step of the feed shaft Rotation by 36 °.

Since the inevitable setting of the numerical values via the setting mechanism progresses from left to right from digit to digit, exhausted the machine the capacity of the work sequence switching device for the square root calculation. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, there are six digits of the Setting mechanism equipped accordingly, while the four digits on the right can no longer be switched by the square root device. It has already been mentioned that it is sufficient for all practical purposes, into a regular division pass after five or six digits in the manner described geared have been set. Because the billing process is sometimes in the ninth digit and sometimes begins in the tenth digit is for the last-mentioned type of invoice there is a minimum of five digits. When working the machine will a numerical value is set in each digit and there by the ball 845 (F i g. 26) locked. As soon as the carriage shifts one place to the left, the camshaft .615 is given a sixth of a full turn, whereby the setting mechanism comes to work in the next lower digit. if the arithmetic process reaches the fifth digit of the machine (the one in the preferred Implementation form the lowest digit position switched by the square root device is) the machine continues to work in a division calculation, without any change of the divisor .. No setup is required to set the machine to division to convert, since the beginning of the square root calculation is the release of the drive lever 234 (Fig. 5) and the initiation of a division process. The machine so goes beyond the capacity of the switching device intended for square root pulling out and continues her work in a simple division calculation.

It is true that the device described above is used for progressive Setting only the higher six digits unsatisfactory for decimal radicands works that have nine zeros before the first counting number. For such tasks the switching device could be enlarged to a progressive inevitable Setting can not be achieved with six, but eight digits. Such However, tasks are so rare that it is better to put the counting number in the left one Page of the counter and, through consideration, the correct number of to determine the number of digits in the root.

The deletion of the device for regulating the sequence of operations when pulling square roots When performed by releasing the spring-loaded drive lever 234 Initiation of the division calculation causes the connecting lever 243 to swing rotating the cross shaft 282 (Fig. 4). The connecting lever 243 is in his Working position locked by bolt 261 (Fig. 3), which is disengaged, as soon as the carriage moves to its extreme left or end position. These Both processes are used to delete the switching device or the work sequence control used in square root extraction. Recall that the initiation causes a Square root calculus the swinging of the wave 557 (clockwise in Fig. 12) to slide the handlebar 560 backwards. This handlebar 560 hides the bell crank 561 to first move the arm 567 forward counterclockwise to press under the roller 233 sitting on the drive lever 234, and also serves to push the lock arm 228 rearward to release the drive lever 234. The concealment of the arm 567 in connection with the rotation of the shaft 282 is to do so used to set the eraser to stop after the division phase of the billing process is working. Recall that the termination of the The division process involves rotating the shaft 282 in the opposite direction.

The apparatus for this operation is particularly shown in FIG. 12 shown. A rearward-directed link 890 is articulated to the arm 567 and has a slot 891 at its rear end. A pin 892 seated on an angle lever-like bolt 893 engages in the slot 891. The bolt 893 is rotatably mounted on the intermediate plate 127 by a pin 894 and is displaced counterclockwise by a spring 895. The link 890 is typically pulled backward by the spring 896 to hold the cam arm 567 at rest. At the first pulse of rotation of shaft 567, arm 567 rotates forward. is so that it lies under the roller 233, the handlebar 890 is pulled forward so that the pin 892 contacts the rear end of the slot 891. Immediately thereafter, the rotation of the shaft 557 and the handlebar 560 shift the bolt 228 backwards in order to release the drive lever 234. Once the drive lever 234 is released, the roller 233 contacts the trailing edge of the cam arm 567 and pushes the arm 567 forward at the same time that the division process begins. This additional forward pushing of the handlebar 890 rotates the latch 893 clockwise.

The latch 893 has a shoulder 897 which can capture a pin 901 which is seated at the lower end of a drive lever 900. The lever 900 is rotatably mounted on the intermediate plate 127 by a pin 902. This lever 900 has an upper lug 904 and is pulled counterclockwise by a relatively strong spring 905. An arm 907 is assigned to the lever 900 and is firmly seated on the transverse shaft 282, which is rotated by the drive lever 234 (FIG. 4) at the beginning of a division calculation and turned back at the end of the division calculation. The arm 907 is thus swung upwards (clockwise in FIG. 1.2) at the beginning of a division calculation, so that a pin 906 seated in the front end of the arm 907 comes into contact with the surface of the nose 904 which is the upper end of the Lever 900 forms. As a result, the counterclockwise rotation of the lever 900 is blocked in a half-step position in which the lever 900 cannot be grasped again by the bolt 893 until the lever 900 is forcibly returned. This forward movement can only occur once arm 907 is swung out counterclockwise. This swinging of the arm 907 takes place at the end of the division calculation, so that the lever 900 can then end its forward movement.

A forwardly extending handlebar 910 is on the drive lever 900 in a suitable manner, e.g. B. by means of a pin 909, rotatably mounted. The front end of the lever 910 is connected to a double lever 912 z. B. rotatably connected by means of a pin 911. The double lever 912 is rotatably mounted on the intermediate plate 127 of a pin 913. The double lever 912 is therefore rotated clockwise (FIG. 12) when the lever 900 is free and receives a further clockwise rotation when the division calculation is completed and the lever 900 is released for its second movement impulse.

The link 681, which controls the position of the angle lever 680, which holds the locking arm 675 in a raised position, is also rotatably mounted on the pin 911. In this way, the handlebar 681 is also pushed forward so that the angle lever 680 rotates downwards (clockwise) and the locking arm 675 falls into engagement with the right side frame, whereby the keyboard is locked and no numerical values can be entered like this has already been described. At the end of a division calculation, the arm 907 is swung out counterclockwise (FIG. 12) in order to release the lever 900 for its second movement step, whereby the double lever 912 is given an additional movement impulse. This additional movement impulse is used to firstly engage the clutch and keep the motor energized and secondly to cause the extinguishing clutch to be engaged. For the first-mentioned purpose, a handle 920 (FIG. 3) is provided on the handlebar 115. The rear edge of the upper part of the double lever 912 (FIG. 12) touches this handle 920, so that the second movement impulse of the double lever 912 moves the handlebar 115 (FIG. 3) backwards and keeps the main clutch 109 engaged.

The swinging of the double lever 912 (FIG. 12) also couples the extinguishing clutch, thereby deleting the switching device for the square root pulling and leading this device back to its starting position. This is achieved by means of a link 922. This handlebar 922 has a slot 923 which receives a pin 921 seated on the upper end of the double lever 912. The handlebar 922 and the lever 912 are connected by a tension spring 924. which moves the handlebar 922 resiliently according to the movement of the lever 912. The rear end of the handlebar is formed into a fork 925 which receives a pin 926 which sits on the upper arm of an angle lever 930 for clutch adjustment. The angle lever 930 and the link 922 are resiliently held together by a spring 927.

The angle lever 930 is on the intermediate plate 127 by means of a screw 931 rotatably mounted. The lower arm of the angle lever 930 carries a pin 932, which engages in an annular groove 933 of a sliding sleeve 934. The socket 934 is sliding on a square shaft 935. A bevel gear 936 is on the square shaft 935 attached. This bevel gear 936 is in sync with a corresponding bevel gear 937 Mesh that sits firmly on a large 938 pinion. Bevel gear 937 and pinion 938 are rotatably mounted on a shaft 956. The pinion 938 meshes with a second Pinion 939 that is firmly seated on cross shaft 70. The bevel gear 936 thus runs at all work of the machine.

The slidable sleeve 934 has a single tooth 940, which in a complementarily designed single catch 945 of a sleeve 946 is able to enter. The sleeve 946 is rotatable and non-slidable on the upper cylindrical end 949 of the square shaft 935. A bevel gear 947 is firmly connected to the socket 946, which meshes with a second bevel gear 948, which meshes with a threshold 950 is firmly connected.

The full swinging of the double lever 912 swings the angle lever 930, which lifts the sliding sleeve 934. so that the tooth 940 of the sleeve 934 engages in the complementary detent 945 of the sleeve 946 in order to drive the sleeve 946 and the shaft 950. The coupling of the coupling parts, which represent the sleeves 934 and 946, takes place during the second stage of the operation of the double lever 912, ie after the division calculation has ended. It should be mentioned here that a single tooth clutch is used to secure the initial coupling of the coupling parts and their final uncoupling at the starting position of the switching device for the square root calculation, so that the gears of the device serving for square roots are completely separated from each other at the end of each calculation process and the device is in the rest position.

A device is assigned to the clutch which reliably prevents the clutch from being disengaged and which only allows this disengagement in the starting position. For this purpose, an angle lever 955 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 956, which carries the component consisting of bevel gear 937 and pinion 938. The bell crank 955 is pulled into engagement with the coupling device by a spring 957 in a clockwise direction (as seen in FIG. 12). A handle 958 of the angle lever 955 engages in the annular groove 933 of the sleeve 934. The upper flange of the sleeve 934 has a cam groove 959 (FIG. 14) which enables the sleeve 934 to move downwards in the starting position and thereby uncouples the handle 958 and the annular groove 933 in this position. If the sleeve 934 assumes its lower position, the angle lever 955 swings in and out when the sleeve 934 is rotated. If, however, the sleeve 934 is raised to its upper or coupled position, the annular groove 933 can grip the handle 958 in order to hold the sleeve in its upper position until the working cycle is ended and the angle lever 955 is released.

The sill 950 (FIG. 16) extends to the left of the partition up to the vicinity of the right frame plate 771 of the gearbox housing the work sequence control device for the square root calculation. At the left end of the shaft is a small pinion 960 attached, which is engaged with a larger gear 961 (Fig. 26). This Gear 961 sits on the threshold 962. A gear ratio between the pinion 960 and the gear 961 of 1: 4, so that four working cycles are required are to clear the machine. This reduction ratio is desirable since the extinguishing at relatively low speed the installation of stopping devices or safety devices, which are complicated and expensive, are unnecessary. By deleting not only should the various gear drives be returned to their zero position but it must also be a return of the adjustment rails to their zero or normal position.

The shaft 962 (Fig. 24) extends the entire length of the gear box and carries a gear 963 in each digit of the gearbox. These deletion gears 963 are relatively narrow and lie on one side of the earlier mentioned gears 814. The erase gears 963 are ordinary ten-tooth gears, from each of which a tooth has been removed, so that a tooth gap 965 is created. Of the one tooth 966 (Fig. 25) of cooperating gear 814 is garbled and occupies only half the width of the gear, this width being chosen is that the gear 963 can rotate in the tooth cutout. In the starting position of the extinguishing gear 963, the tooth gap 965 is opposite the gear 814, so that the gear 814 pulls itself during the operation of the switching device for the square root can rotate freely. Furthermore, the gear 963 lies within the milled tooth 966 of the gear 814 so that the gear 963 rotates freely during the erase can when the gear 814 is in its home or zero position. If, however, the gear wheel 817 by introducing a numerical value from its zero position has been unscrewed, the teeth of gear 963 mesh with the full teeth of gear 814 and turn the gear until it reaches its zero position. Since this gear is hooked locked by the aforementioned ball 845, it is at When it reaches its zero position, it is stopped and is no longer activated by the extinguishing gear 963 positively driven. The locking effect of the ball 845 is sufficient to set the gear to hold in its zero position because the rotation of the deletion threshold 962 as a result of the Gear reduction from shaft 950 takes place relatively slowly. To this Way, the various gears of the transmission are in their normal position or completely disengaged position transferred.

Furthermore, an averaging device for the extinction threshold 962 is provided. This device has a cam 970 (FIG. 2) which is placed on the right-hand end of the shaft 962. This cam 970 has a recess 971 into which a pin 972 carried by an arm 973 is inserted and is drawn upwards into contact with the edge of the cam 970 by a spring 974 acting on the arm 973. The mediator sets the quenching threshold 962 to its correct home position to hold it there during the other operations of the machine. The return of the shaft 962 to its original position is used to disengage the clutch and turn off the motor switch so that the machine is stopped. These processes are carried out by means of a roller 980 mounted on the cam 970. An arm 981 works together with the roller 980 and sits firmly on a sleeve 982 which is rotatable on the extinguishing threshold 950, so that the arm 981 shortly forwards through the roller 98a The end of the fourth working cycle of the machine after the end of the division calculation or shortly before the return of the cam 970 to its starting position is swung out, as shown in FIG. 2 shown. The right end of the sleeve 982 (FIG. 16) has an arm 983 (FIG. 13) which is fixedly connected to the sleeve 982. A forward handlebar 984 is rotatably connected to arm 983 and includes a long one. Pin 985 (Fig. 16) which is riveted onto the double lever 912 (Fig. 12). As soon as the cam 970 (FIG. 12) reaches its cycle position, the roller 980 secures the arm 981, which in turn pushes the link 984 forward (FIG. 12), around the lever 912 in a counterclockwise direction, seen from the right, in a force-locking manner too secretive. The hiding of the lever 912 in the counterclockwise direction releases the locking arm 675 via the link 681. The secrecy is also about the handlebar 910. The spring-loaded lever 900 returns to its original position. The anti-clockwise hiding of the lever 912 also releases the handle 920 sitting on the handlebar 115 (FIG. 3) so that the clutch can be disengaged and the motor switch can be opened to stop the machine from working.

The silence of the arm 912 when the square root calculation is finished also sets the revolution counter to its positive position or to the correct sign position return. This is achieved by means of a short handlebar 990 (FIG. 12), which also is rotatably mounted on the pin 985. The handlebar 990 has a slot 992, in which a pin 991 engages on the handlebar 317 of the revolution counter sits. As soon as the calculation is finished and the arm 912 is placed in its rest position is, the revolution counter is also in its starting position.

The operation of the device. The operation of the device can be fully understood from the description above, but will be brief again summarized reproduced.

The radicand is placed in the dials 22 (Fig. 1) of the counter registered at the extreme legal position of the car 21. This is done by keying in of the numerical value in the keys 29 of the keyboard, preferably on their left side, and by pressing the dividend key 51, with the tab key 50 with the number "9" is set for the rightmost position of the carriage 21 is. Then the key that triggers the square root calculation is 500, the one with the comma of the factor is in alignment, pressed to initiate the operation of the machine. The first result of pressing a button 500 is the one on the pinwheel 600 (Fig. 9) located pins 606 can be set in their working position. Either one 606 pin is set, or two pins are set, which depends on whether the leftmost group of numbers with one digit or two digits.

If there is only one digit in the leftmost group of numbers, so a single pin 606 is pressed, making the bell crank 616 a single The time the first machine aisle swings out, there are two digits in the outermost one left group of the radicand is present, then two pins 606 are pressed and the angle lever 616 is swung out twice in the first two operations. Adjusting the pins 606 in the pin wheel 600 also directs a division process a, which is modified so that the cam arm 567 (Fig.12) for setting the Clutch is moved forward to start working the division device to be swung out forcefully by falling of the drive lever 234. Simultaneously becomes the revolution counter for counting in opposite directions with reference to the result counter set and the keyboard cleared. The first machine aisle locks the keyboard in the deleted position, so that any Numerical values cannot be entered in the keyboard. When the The locking of the keyboard is automatically canceled when the root is extracted.

The first machine gear, which causes the angle lever 616 to swing for the first time, also rotates the camshaft 615 by half a step or by 30 ° around the single-tooth cam 795 (FIG. 15) of the tenth digit (the outermost digit on the left) in Bringing working position. This pushes the cam follower 796 of the tenth digit to the right, and the gear wheels of the tenth digit of the setting mechanism are coupled to the drive shaft 685 (FIGS. 24 and 25). When two pins 606 (FIG. 9) have been pressed, the setting mechanism for the tenth digit is turned off and the setting mechanism for the ninth digit is set on the second machine run. The ratchet wheels 694, 695 (Fig. 1.5) of the drive clutch are then switched on and rotates the drive shaft 685 by a single step during the fourth machine cycle and then each time by two steps, by the values "1", "3", "5" «,» 7 «etc. to be entered in the setting mechanism.

As soon as a "rotation too much" occurs, the division selector shaft 251 (FIG. 6) is shifted to the right, whereby the sequence of the one-time additive correction step is initiated in order to add back the value that caused the too much rotation, in order to then add the Carriage to move one step to the left and finally to initiate a subtraction or division process in the next lower digit of the machine. The carriage adjuster first rotates the drive shaft 685 back a single step to decrease the numerical value set in the setting mechanism to the next lower even number, and then rotates the camshaft 615 one step to bring the cams of the next digit into alignment. In this way, successive odd numbers are set from left to right across the keyboard until the capacity of the square root switching device is exhausted. Then the machine continues to work in a simple division calculation.

After the car has reached its extreme left position, the dividing device is set so that when the corrective Machine gear is switched off after a »turn too much«. At this At this point, the shaft 282 rotates counterclockwise to the spring-loaded Drive lever 900 (Fig. 12) to release so that it can snap forward and the double lever 912 swings clockwise. This swinging of the double lever 912 keeps the clutch engaged and consequently keeps the power switch closed. This oscillation also causes the clutch to be engaged with the subsequent Rotation of the deletion threshold 950 and the resetting of the device to the zero position. Towards the end of the reset, the roller 980 (FIG. 2) works to move the handlebar 984 (Fig. 12) to swing forward and the lever 900 in its motionless position to lock again so that the clutch is switched off and the power switch is released will; also to clear the revolution counter and finally to lock the keypad to release. The machine can then be used for any other task as desired be used.

The subtraction of consecutive odd numbers used in the machine is actually the automatic subtraction of the squares of consecutive numbers from the original numerical value in the counter, ie it is the subtraction of consecutive squares. The square of "1" is subtracted, and when this is done, the square of "2" is subtracted from the original numeric value (which is achieved by subtracting "1" and "3"). As soon as the subtraction of the square of "2" has been possible, the square of "3" is subtracted from the original value, this value being obtained through three machine gears, namely minus 1, minus 3 and minus 5. One. Another variation of a square root method that can be carried out in conjunction with an automatic device similar to the device described above is as follows: The radicand is entered in the counter and the calculation is then started in the digit to the right of the Digit that is below the rightmost digit of the leftmost group of two numbers, and then the "5" is subtracted twice. Then "15" is subtracted twice (the "1" is in the same digit as the number on the right in the leftmost group, and the "5" remains in the next lower digit). In the next step, "25" is subtracted twice. Assuming the radian is 625, this procedure does not place a "1" under the "6" but rather a "5" under the "2" and subtract it twice, which corresponds to a subtraction of the first odd number. The »5« remains in the second stage. under the digit of the "2" and the "1" is placed in the digit of the "6" and the machine is rotated twice in a subtractive sense, which corresponds to a subtraction of "3". The double subtraction of "25" is equal to the single subtraction of "5" in the preferred method. Whenever one shift has been made too much, the machine must be reversed once or twice to add back the values which caused the too much rotation and bring the machine to the state it was in before the too much rotation. Obviously, this method has certain double cycle difficulties, namely the difficulty of returning the machine to its previous state prior to a change in the keyboard value. This method also has the disadvantage that the root appears in the setting mechanism, while the value appearing in the revolution counter is twice the value of the root. If the value of the root should be immediately readable, the value in the revolution counter must be divided by "2". However, if the value in the setting is to be used in the next calculation, it represents the correct root value and can be used immediately. This method is also based on the subtraction of consecutive odd numbers and is probably essentially the same as the method described. An apparatus for performing this method is similar to the arrangement shown.

The automatic square rooting in the preferred method described above Form gives the correct root in the number disks (Fig. 1) of the revolution counter. In the setting, however, there is a double root. Even if the revolution counter disks would not be rotated, the square root could be drawn automatically by the value in the setting is transferred to the counter and divided by "2" would. Usually, however, a visible representation of the root is desired, by appearing in the revolution counter disks 23, but the aforementioned could Modification can be used if the calculation process is terminated without deletion target. In this case, the double root is in the setting mechanism and, if necessary, can to be used.

The square root drawing according to the method according to the invention can can also be done by using complementary numbers or decadic numbers. With this method, the radicand is entered in the counter by subtraction, to introduce the complement of the radicand into the counter. Then be consecutive odd numbers are added in the same way as the odd numbers of that Radicands were subtracted in the procedure described in detail. A machine for square root extraction using the complementary method is exactly the same machine like the machine described here, i. that is, it has the devices described equivalent devices to perform the same steps.

It is possible to build the device so that the square root keys 500 (F i g. 1) prepare or adjust the machine for work, however the actual start of work is triggered by pressing the division key 38. In this case the buttons 500 would operate in the same way as they did before is described, except that the compound that eats required to to initiate the operation of the division device would be omitted. the Device could be the same as the device shown above (Fig. 12), but the handle 568 on the double lever 561 would be omitted. The square root key 500 would stop all the necessary machine preps while the actual Work would be done by pressing the division key 38.

Claims (7)

Claims: 1. Device for automatically pulling square roots on calculating machines with a carriage, with a number arranged in a sequence of digits Groups of setting elements of a setting mechanism for displaying various Numerical values in a result counter, in connection with an automatic one Division device for dividing a dividend stored in the register by a divisor entered in the setting mechanism, as well as with a setting mechanism drive device, characterized by a through the setting mechanism drive device (70, 685 to 700) at the same time as the dividing device (38, 39, 222 to 241, 243 to 248, 250 to 254, 259 to 267, 270 to 273, 275 to 278, 280 to 288, 290 to 292, 295, 297 to 305, 308, 309, 316 to 325, 330 to 335) actuated setting value changing device (795 to 803, 805, 807, 811 to 817, 819, 820, 825 to 835, 840, 845 to 847, 850 to 854), the setting elements progressing from machine game to machine game (58 to 60) of the setting mechanism (29, 58 to 61, 65, 71 to 73) in a predetermined Sets the sequence to certain values of a sequence of numbers. 2. Set up according to Claim 1 to calculating machines with a revolution counter, which by means of a key-operated Linkage and a reversing gear can be switched, characterized in that that on a link (317) of the linkage (317, 322 to 325, 330 to 335, 337) a Gear chain (680, 681, 900, 904, 910 to 912, 985, 990) is that actuates the handlebar (317) when the end position of the car is sensed and for switching of the revolution counter in the same direction of counting with reference to the result counter caused. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that one setting value changing device each (795 to 803, 805, 807, 811 to 817, 819, 820, 825 to 835, 840, 845 to 847, 850 to 854) for each digit and the setting mechanism drive device (70, 685 to 700) optionally with the selected setting value changing device (795 to 803, 805, 807, 811 to 817, 819, 820, 825 to 835, 840, 845 to 847, 850 up to 854) can be coupled to each digit. 4. Device according to claim 1 on calculating machines with a full keyboard and with between the rows of keys on the number keys arranged comma pointers, characterized in that it is aligned with the comma pointers (43) the automatic square root pulling buttons (500) arranged and Each two adjacent keys (500) forming a group are provided with the same numbers are. 5. Device according to claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized in that pressing one of the square root keys (500) one of two rods (501, 510, 512, 518, 520, 522 or 502, 511, 513, 519, 521, 523), depending on whether the right or left of the same numbered square root keys (500) in a group has been actuated and triggers a pin lever (530) or two pin levers (530, 531), which in turn adjust one or two pins (606) of a pin wheel (600) that, set in motion by the machine drive, a camshaft (615) or convey two angular impulses, the setting value changing device (795 to 803, 805, 807, 811 to 817, 819, 820, 825 to 835, 840, 845 to 847, 850 to 854) the leftmost digit or the right digit next to it with the Adjustment drive device (70, 685 to 700) is coupled. 6. Establishment according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the setting value changing device (795 to 803, 805, 807, 811 to 817, 819, 820, 825 to 835, 840, 845 to 847, 850 to 854) is provided with a known locking device (845 to 847), those in the setting elements (58 to 61) in successive machine games keeps the numerical values to be embodied locked in each set position. 7. Device according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a ratchet clutch (694, 695) is provided in the setting mechanism drive device (70, 685 to 700), when the setting mechanism drive device (70, 685 to 700) is engaged during the first machine game The setting of the selected setting elements (58 to 61) of the setting mechanism (29, 58 to 61, 65, 71 to 73) is changed by one step and by two steps for each subsequent machine game. B. Device according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the setting value changing device (795 to 803, 805, 807, 811 to 817, 819, 820, 825 to 835, 840, 845 to 847, 850 to 854) each digit a tens transfer device (800, 811, 840) is provided, which effects a transfer in the setting elements (58 to 61) of the next higher digit after the numerical value in the adjacent lower digit has exceeded "9".