DE1038100B - Technique for distorting teletype characters - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for distorting current step combinations with adjustable Degree of distortion. Current step combinations generally refer to pulse combinations understood, which consist of impulses of two kinds. Such pulse combinations are z. B. Telegraphic characters, in particular telex characters. For testing teleprinters and other signaling devices and facilities are used as tools for the operation and monitoring of the transmission system Transmitting equipment required that certain current step combinations, z. B. a certain Telegraphy text, with a precisely adjustable degree of distortion. With these devices for example, the distortion margin of a teletypewriter or a switching device is checked, i.e. the range is determined in which the named facilities can still receive without interference.

Various distortion transmitters have become known in telegraph technology. You either work as a mechanical transmitter, the cams actuating the transmission contacts being adjustable, or as a purely electronic transmitter, with the length of the individual current steps using a Counting chain, the counting cycle of which can optionally be lengthened or shortened, is determined. In this Each individual current step of the current step combinations becomes the case by counting the pulses a clock pulse supplied to the distortion transmitter, the pulse spacing of which compared to the to generating times (stride lengths) is small. This purely electronically the current step combinations building transmitting devices are generally also designed so that of them equal to the nature of the successive combinations, in the case of teletype markers the sequence of the individual ones Letters, is determined purely electronically.

The text transmitters required in telex technology generally only need a proportionate amount to be made available in small numbers, since it is sufficient in many cases to be in a central office to set up a few text transmitters, depending on the type of use directly by the participant can be selected or by the one responsible for monitoring the transmission system Person deployed in the appropriate locations and then brought back to the central location will.

The invention specifies a method for distorting current step combinations, the method for distorting using a conventional electronic equalizer with a step counter for determining the desired lengths
of telex characters

Applicant:
Siemens & Halske Aktiengesellschaft,

Berlin and Munich,
Munich 2, Wittelsbacherplatz 2

Dipl.-Ing. Friedrich. Ohmann, Munich,
has been named as the inventor

of the individual telegraphing steps, which by a clock pulse with compared to the target lengths of the Telegraphing steps small pulse spacing is controlled, works. Will the method according to the invention used, then special text transmitters are largely superfluous, since, as will be explained, a z. B. from a teletypewriter or other transmitting device coming telex text can be adjustably distorted with the method according to the invention. This will be the case with the procedure achieved according to the invention in that with the help of the equalizer this is undistorted on the input side supplied current step combinations are distorted by sampling pulses that correspond to the Desired degree of distortion can be tapped off by the step counter, shifted in time.

For the method according to the invention, the properties of a pedometer known per se, that by a clock pulse with small compared to the target lengths of the telegraphing steps Pulse spacing is controlled, exploited to gain the times necessary for the distortion process. Such step counters can be used in particular at a relatively high clock pulse frequency the various times, preferably periodically, can be tapped.

In telex technology, equalizers have become known that work purely electronically and at least contain such a pedometer. This type of equalizer is used for the process used according to the invention, since, as mentioned, of such a step counter for a distortion process necessary times can be tapped and it is easily possible! depending on the degree of distortion desired

«09 600/195

with the help of a toggle switch to win the most varied of points in time without this being special Redesign of the equalizer would be necessary. For example, it is easily possible to take place the target centers or, in addition to these, the target times of each step and then also by tapping the counting pulses from one or from some of the counting units preceding the last counting stage any desired, compared to the target turnaround times or the target centers before or to pick up and evaluate the lagging point in time, provided that the counting capacity, d. H. so the pulse train of the clock pulse used to determine these times is correspondingly large enough.

In telex technology, text transmitters are also used, which repeatedly send out undistorted text are able to be used very often. In particular, these text transmitters are intended to send telex Replay messages with constant content. Such communications, for example from Telegraph switching offices must be continuously sent to subscribers are, for. B. “Leadership blocked "or" subscriber busy "; but also other current step combinations, i.e. other texts, can be created without distortion with relatively little effort. As an example, only referred to the namesake provided in every teleprinter.

Equalizers and then also text transmitters for undistorted telex text are used in telex technology in relatively large numbers, e.g. B. in many subscriber lines required. Accordingly they are also well constructed and still relatively cheap. To get a text sender, need, as will be shown in one embodiment, then only completely on the equalizer minor additional switches or directional conductors to be arranged, so that practically only one equalizer produced in series production must be purchased. In addition, the distortion can of course still be used and used as an equalizer, since the for The switching elements necessary for the distortion process are advantageously only switched on optionally will. This has the advantage that a normal equalizer can only be used when needed, i. H. temporally limited need to be used to distort.

In the drawing, a distortion measurement device is shown as an exemplary embodiment. It shows

Fig. 1 is a basic circuit diagram and

FIG. 2 shows a pulse diagram in which the mode of operation of the circuit according to FIG. 1 is explained.

1 shows a measurement distortion device, of which only the component used for distorting an initially undistorted telegraph text, namely an equalization device with additional switching elements, can be seen. This equalizer, which is used for distortion, receives the initially undistorted telegraph text via input E , which is mechanically or electrically, e.g. B. can be generated by a storage device, supplied. This text should then be able to be picked up at output A with an adjustable degree of distortion. The main part of this distortion addition, namely the electronic equalizer, is clearly visible; the parts that do not belong directly to the equalizer are only the three switches S1, S2 and S3 and the two coincidence circuits G 5 and G 6. In the following, the operation of the equalizer during an equalization process is first explained. During an equalization process, the switch S3 is in the position shown, and the entire additional distortion is thus switched off.

To explain the equalizer, it is initially assumed that an arbitrarily distorted teletype character consisting of a startup step, five character steps and a simple separating current step is via the input E, via which, according to the prerequisite, also the un distorted characters for the

ίο distortion process to be fed is fed. In this case, the switch 53 can be used in the position shown. The individual current steps of the character to be equalized control the input flip-flop StI depending on their polarity. As long as there is isolating current polarity at the input, the input trigger circuit St 1 is in the rest position shown; that is, at the upper output (position 1) there is a potential that is used to control a downstream gate (coincidence circuit, gate circuit),

ao namely the coincidence gate G 4 would be sufficient, and no potential can be taken from the lower output (position 0) that would be sufficient to unlock a downstream gate. When the start-up step arrives, this flip-flop is reversed. There is now a potential at the lower output (position 0) of the input flip- flop St 1 with which the coincidence gate G 3 can be controlled. As a result of the reversal process of the input flip-flop, the input switch ES is also switched to the working position (position 1) via a differentiating element D (ÄC element). From this input switch, one phase of a clock pulse is released via the terminal Tb for controlling the circulation switch US via the coincidence gate Gl.

Of the circulating switch US from the operational state of the equalizer is monitored, that is, as long as the switch US is turned on (Lagel) may pulses pass through the terminal Ta with the other phase of the clock pulse in the equalizer, in the counter Z 1, while in the idle state (position 0) of the circulation switch US, the gate G 2 is blocked, so that no pulses can get into the equalizer. In this case, the entire equalizer is in the idle state, so that a potential applied to the coincidence gate G 4 also remains ineffective. The circulation switch US is switched off again after a single switch-on only after a complete cycle of the equalizer, i.e. after 140 ms in the example mentioned, since it is only at this point in time that the individual counters Z1 and Z 2 have returned to their idle state according to their dimensions.

After the occurrence of a start-up step, the equalizer is started, depending on the input switch ES and the circulation switch US, and sampling pulses are simultaneously applied by the counter Z1 at the times of the target centers, i.e. after 10.30, 50 .. 130 ms the two coincidence gates G 3 and G 4 are given. Depending on the polarity of the input flip-flop 6 * il, the output flip-flop St 2 is controlled via one of these coincidence gates in accordance with the position of the input flip-flop, and one at the output A can be the one at the input E.

6g corresponding telex character whose individual telegraphing steps the prescribed target length of 20 ms have to be removed.

According to the feature of the invention, the equalizer explained above is now given an addition so that it can work as a distortion. As required

Claims (5)

5 6 the addition should be designed in such a way that a remote step at input E via gate G4 spelling characters with a certain distortion speaking prepared and at times 10, 30, degrees and with adjustable distortion, 50 ... 130 ms are switched through, a character stream can. A special feature of this distortion step, for example, at times 15, 35 ... 115ms. The addition is that distorted telegraphic characters 5 This corresponds to a leading distortion of absolutely synchronous in connection with a text 25%. transmitters can be generated. Fig. 2 shows a timing diagram. In the individual characters to be distorted, the potential curves of input E are fed to the electronic equalizer above the lines of the pulse plan. shown, which occur at the correspondingly numbered lines corresponding to the counting capacity and the pulse train io in FIG. For example, the line 1 via terminals Ta and Tb shows the potential curve of the undistorted clock pulse supplied to the phases assumed input, which in the same form means that the distortion can be regulated in S ° / * steps should be from the input flip-flop StI to line 1 and is forwarded as predefined compared to the target turnover times. In line 2 of the pulse plan, hurrying or trailing distortion to the first 15 is shown that undistorted characters are to be pressed after the triggering of the circular form. The so ters US of these characters, which are predistorted as well as in the case of an equalization predistorted character, can then only be taken out at output A after a total character length, ie after. 140 ms, is reset. On line 3, the distortion device is constructed in such a way that it connects the gate G 2 with the counter Zl for its function and it is irrelevant whether the character stream steps 20 the pulses to be counted flow, there is a teletype character, for example, shortened and rend of a telegraph character one of the line 3 in Fig. 2 so that the separating current steps are extended or whether the corresponding potential profile. In lines 4 and 5, character stream steps are lengthened and thus the separating pulses are the scanning pulses that are to be shortened directly and current steps by the counter Z1. What is shown in line 6, the one that uses the switch S1 embodiment provides to either lengthen the characters 25 and the gate G5 at a set distortion rate or shorten them to a degree of 25% leading distortion, i.e. leading the telex characters or tet, while lines 7 and 8 are lagging to distort. From the first part of the anti-phase potential curve at the outputs counter Zl can pass on criteria for ten counting units 30 gates G 3 and G 4 via corresponding taps of its individual counting stages controlled by the input flip-flop Λ1. Line 9 finally shows, taken during half a telegraphing step, the time course of the change of direction. These criteria are gängeder to the switch Sl Ausgangskippstufe Λ2 and thus passed on to. The first potential profile of the up to tenth pulse that can be picked up at output ^ can be selected from every 10 ms cycle via gate G5. distorted teletype characters. The counter Z1, or at least the last counting stage, 35 As an exemplary embodiment for a distortion is purely binary. This makes it possible to have an equalizer with a binary working counting chain explained from the outset with the aid of a switch S2. The use of such a set, whether a leading or a lagging equalizer, has the essential advantage that dependent distortion is to be generated, i.e. whether the times taken from the first part of the counter that is very simply the equalization of the first part of the counter in the 40 in a leading and a trailing first half of a telex character or in which can be distinguished. Of course, every second half of this symbol can also be located. With others, e.g. B. a decadic counter can be used. Help of the gate G6 and the switch ^ "2 In this case, you only have to pay attention to the time criterion taken from the last counting stage, so that the desired differentiation of the distortion amount can be achieved from the type of the first part of the counting In addition, it should be pointed out to Zl, which occurs periodically every 10 ms, that the possibility of applying the ancillary criteria selects that which, with regard to the order according to the invention, of course does not have the correct position for a desired distortion of switch S2 in connection with the gate of two clock pulses with different phase G 6, it is therefore possible to select whether the pulse set via the go and the in this case advantageous additions switch S1 is limited between 0 and 10, 20 and 30 ... 120 and 130ms (lagging distortion)
or between 10 and 20, 30 and 40 ... 110 and 120 ms (leading distortion). There is now patent claims: the switch 5 ″ 3 opposite to the 55 shown Location, then these combinations that deviate from the normal scanning 1. Method for distorting current step impulses of an equalization process, preferably teletype impulses , are applied to gate G 3, which uses the criteria for use at the sign, with an adjustable degree of distortion an electronic equalizer character stream distorted at the Ausgangskippschaltung 60 a pedometer for determining the soil-St 2 passes. If, on the other hand, the switch S3 were to be connected to the gate G 4 via the lengths of the individual telegraphing steps, which would be connected to the gate G 4 by the line 6, via which the distorted sampling pulses would arrive at a clock pulse compared to the target, then the lengths of the telegraphing steps could reduce the separating current steps accordingly. distance is controlled, characterized, lengthened or shortened, which in the end result 65 that with the help of the equalizer the input for the distortion remains the same, since the shortening of the undistorted current step combination of the separating current steps the extension of the character nations (1) by sampling pulses (3) distorted current steps, and vice versa. In the case described here, the degree of distortion is shifted in time by the step switch Λ 2 when an isolating current meter (Z1) occurs. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sampling pulses (3) are tapped from the step counter (Zl) optionally via at least one selector switch (Sl). 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that at least the last stage of the step counter (Z 1) works in binary and the type of distortion, namely leading or lagging, by the optional of her, z. B. is determined via a switch (S2) picked up sampling pulses. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that by the sampling pulses with the help of coincidence circuits (G 5, G6) with the same tap from the step counter (Zl) or with the same position of the selector switch (Sl) for any type of distortion - ■ leading or lagging - the same degree of distortion is determined. 5. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that an input switch (ES) of the equalizer a the operation of the equalizer determining circulation switch (US) is operated and both switches at different times, namely the input switch at the last sampling pulse and the circulation switch according to the set length of the entire current step combination. Considered publications:
German Auslegeschriften S 35421 VIII a / 21 a ¹ (published on September 13, 1956), S 42917 VIII a / 21 a ¹ (published on November 8, 1956). 1 sheet of drawings © «0» 600/195 8.58