DE10337198A1 - Träger auf Basis von Granulaten, die aus pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxiden hergestellt sind - Google Patents
Träger auf Basis von Granulaten, die aus pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxiden hergestellt sind Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10337198A1 DE10337198A1 DE10337198A DE10337198A DE10337198A1 DE 10337198 A1 DE10337198 A1 DE 10337198A1 DE 10337198 A DE10337198 A DE 10337198A DE 10337198 A DE10337198 A DE 10337198A DE 10337198 A1 DE10337198 A1 DE 10337198A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- silica
- granules
- pyrogenic
- pyrogenic silica
- granulate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical class O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 97
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 title 1
- -1 alkalis Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium L-tartrate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L potassium alginate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940103091 potassium benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium lactate Chemical compound [K+].CC(O)C([O-])=O PHZLMBHDXVLRIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001304 potassium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SVICABYXKQIXBM-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium malate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)CC([O-])=O SVICABYXKQIXBM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BWILYWWHXDGKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium propanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCC([O-])=O BWILYWWHXDGKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940074439 potassium sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940111695 potassium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001844 prenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940051201 quinoline yellow Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline yellow Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C3C(C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)=O)=CC=C21 IZMJMCDDWKSTTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABTRFGSPYXCGMR-SDPRXREBSA-N rubixanthin Natural products O[C@H]1CC(C)(C)C(/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/C=C/C=C(\CC/C=C(\C)/C)/C)\C)/C)\C)/C)=C(C)C1 ABTRFGSPYXCGMR-SDPRXREBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010979 ruby Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001750 ruby Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sarcosine Chemical compound C[NH2+]CC([O-])=O FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004354 sesquiterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical class O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019265 sodium DL-malate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011091 sodium acetates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012237 sodium aluminium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- GTSHREYGKSITGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ferrocyanide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] GTSHREYGKSITGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004290 sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001476 sodium potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- LROWVYNUWKVTCU-STWYSWDKSA-M sodium sorbate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C=C\C=C\C([O-])=O LROWVYNUWKVTCU-STWYSWDKSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 description 1
- PESXGULMKCKJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-methoxycarbonylphenolate Chemical compound [Na+].COC(=O)C1=CC=C([O-])C=C1 PESXGULMKCKJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001946 tartraric acid esters of mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
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- UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-GLCFPVLVSA-K tartrazine Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-GLCFPVLVSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-HZAMXZRMSA-N taurocholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-HZAMXZRMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWDRATDZQPNJFN-VAYUFCLWSA-N taurodeoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 AWDRATDZQPNJFN-VAYUFCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UHUFTBALEZWWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=O UHUFTBALEZWWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;iron(2+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000541 tocopherol-rich extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088660 tolu balsam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LMYRWZFENFIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonamide Chemical class CC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 LMYRWZFENFIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCIHMQAPACOQHT-ZGMPDRQDSA-N trans-isorenieratene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/c1c(C)ccc(C)c1C)C=CC=C(/C)C=Cc2c(C)ccc(C)c2C ZCIHMQAPACOQHT-ZGMPDRQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N trans-lutein Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C(=CC(O)CC2(C)C)C KBPHJBAIARWVSC-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKSPQBFDRTUGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridec-2-enenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=CC#N WKSPQBFDRTUGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001226 triphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-4h-pyrazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;6-oxido-4-sulfo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C(=CC(=CC4=CC=C3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003648 triterpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KMPQYAYAQWNLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=O KMPQYAYAQWNLME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004108 vegetable carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012712 vegetable carbon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RGVQNSFGUOIKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N verdyl acetate Chemical compound C12CC=CC2C2CC(OC(=O)C)C1C2 RGVQNSFGUOIKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SZCBXWMUOPQSOX-PSXNNQPNSA-N violaxanthin Chemical compound C(\[C@@]12[C@](O1)(C)C[C@H](O)CC2(C)C)=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/[C@]1(C(C[C@@H](O)C2)(C)C)[C@]2(C)O1 SZCBXWMUOPQSOX-PSXNNQPNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000009637 wintergreen oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N xanthophyll Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2C=C(C)C(O)CC2(C)C FJHBOVDFOQMZRV-XQIHNALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008210 xanthophylls Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003735 xanthophylls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
- C09C1/30—Silicic acid
- C09C1/3081—Treatment with organo-silicon compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/10—Solid density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/11—Powder tap density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/14—Pore volume
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Granulaten, die aus pyrogen hergestellten Siliciumdioxiden hergestellt sind, als Träger für Stoffe ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe, wie Farbstoffen, Antioxidantien, Konservierungsmittel, Emulgatoren, Gelier-, Verdickungs- und Bindemittel, Stabilisatoren, Alkalien, Säuren, Salzen, Antiklumpmittel, Geschmacksverstärker, Süßstoffe, Aromen, Futtermitteladditive, chemische Zwischenprodukte, Pflanzenschutzmittel.
Description
- Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Granulaten aus pyrogener Kieselsäure als Träger. Neben verschiedenen anderen Wirkungen können die Granulate die Funktion eines Trägers für Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe, wie Farbstoffe, Antioxidantien, Konservierungsmittel, Emulgatoren, Gelier-, Verdickungs- und Bindemittel, Stabilisatoren, Alkalien, Säuren, Salze Antiklumpmittel, Geschmacksverstärker, Süßstoffe, Aromen, Futtermitteladditive, chemische Zwischenprodukte und Pflanzenschutzmittel, wie zum Beispiel Herbizide, Insektizide, Fungizide und andere, haben.
- Es ist bekannt, kugelförmige Siliciumdioxid-Partikel als Träger beispielsweise für Futtermitteladditive einzusetzen (Sipernat 22, Bulletin Pigments No. 31, „Synthetic silica as a Flow Acid and Carrier Substance", Degussa AG).
- Nachteilig bei den zuvor genannten Siliciumdioxid-Partikel, die als Träger eingesetzt werden, ist ihr hoher Wassergehalt, ihre zu geringe Reinheit und das schlechte Fließverhalten der beladenen Substanz. Als Ausgangsverbindungen werden Kieselsäureester, Kieselsole oder aber Silicate eingesetzt, die dann oft zu Produkten führen, deren Reinheit auf Grund von beträchtlichen Mengen an Salzen für die gewünschten Einsatzwecke nicht ausreichend ist, so daß ein aufwendiges Waschen erforderlich ist.
- Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, kugelförmige Siliciumdioxid-Partikel zur Verwendung als Träger bereitzustellen, die die genannten Nachteile nicht aufweisen und außerdem die hohen Anforderungen Anwendungen bezügliche Reinheit, Produktsicherheit und Fließverhalten zu erfüllen.
- Gegenstand der Erfindung ist die Verwendung eines Granulats auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid als Träger für Stoffe, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe, wie Farbstoffe, Antioxidantien, Konservierungsmittel, Emulgatoren, Gelier-, Verdickungs- und Bindemittel, Stabilisatoren, Alkalien, Säuren, Salze, Antiklumpmittel, Geschmacksverstärker, Süßstoffe, Aromen, Futtermitteladditive, chemische Zwischenprodukte, Pflanzenschutzmittel, wie Herbizide, Insektizide, Fungizide und andere, haben.
- Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Adsorbat aus einem Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid und mindestens einer Substanz ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe, wie Farbstoffe, Antioxidantien, Konservierungsmittel, Emulgatoren, Gelier-, Verdickungs- und Bindemittel, Stabilisatoren, Alkalien, Säuren, Salze, Antiklumpmittel, Geschmacksverstärker, Süßstoffe, Aromen, Futtermitteladditive, chemische Zwischenprodukte, Pflanzenschutzmittel, wie Herbizide, Insektizide, Fungizide.
- Vorzugsweise weist das Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid einen mittlerer Korndurchmesser von 10 bis 120 μm und eine BET-Oberfläche von 40 bis 400 m2/g (Bestimmung nach DIN 66 131 mit Stickstoff) auf.
- Bevorzugt weist das Siliciumdioxid-Granulat weiterhin die folgenden physikalisch-chemischen Kenndaten auf, die wie in EP PS 0 725 037 beschrieben, bestimmt werden:
Porenvolumen: 0,5 bis 2,5 ml/g - Porengrößenverteilung: weniger als 5 % des Gesamtporenvolumens haben einen Porendurchmesser kleiner 5 nm, Rest Meso- und Makroporen
pH-Wert: 3,6 bis 8,5 Stampfdichte: 220 bis 700 g/l. - Ein zur erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung geeignetes Granulat und dessen Herstellung ist beispielsweise in EP OS 0 727 037 beschrieben.
- Vorzugsweise kann das Granulat Meso- und Makroporen aufweisen, wobei das Volumen der Mesoporen 10 bis 80 % vom Gesamtvolumen ausmacht. Die Teilchengrößenverteilung des Granulates ist bevorzugt 80 Vol.-% größer 8 μm und 80 Vol.-% kleiner 96 μm. Der Anteil an Poren kleiner 5 μm kann in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung maximal 5 %, bezogen auf das Gesamtporenvolumen, betragen.
- Das erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Granulat kann beispielsweise hergestellt werden, indem man pyrogen hergestelltes Siliciumdioxid, vorzugsweise mittels Flammenhydrolyse aus Siliciumtetrachlorid hergestelltes Siliciumdioxid, in Wasser dispergiert, sprühtrocknet und gegebenenfalls anschließend das erhaltene Granulate bei einer Temperatur von 150 bis 1.100°C während eines Zeitraumes von 1 bis 8 h tempert.
- Die Dispersion in Wasser weist vorzugsweise eine Konzentration an Siliciumdioxid von 5 bis 25 Gew.-%, bevorzugter 5 bis etwa 19,9 Gew.-% auf. Die Sprühtrocknung kann bei einer Temperatur von 200 bis 600°C durchgeführt werden, dabei können Scheibenzerstäuber oder Düsenzerstäuber eingesetzt werden. Die Temperung der Granulate kann sowohl in ruhender Schüttung, wie zum Beispiel in Kammeröfen, als auch in bewegter Schüttung, wie zum Beispiel Drehrohrtrockner, durchgeführt werden.
- Das als Ausgangsverbindungen dienende pyrogene Siliciumdioxid wird hergestellt, indem in eine Knallgasflamme aus Wasserstoff und Luft eine flüchtige Siliciumverbindung eingedüst wird. In den meisten Fällen verwendet man Siliciumtetrachlorid. Diese Substanz hydrolysiert unter dem Einfluß des bei der Knallgasreaktion entstehenden Wassers zu Siliciumdioxid und Salzsäure. Das Siliciumdioxid tritt nach dem Verlassen der Flamme in eine sogenannte Koagulationszone ein, in der die Siliciumdioxid-Primärteilchen und -Primäraggregate agglomerieren. Das in diesem Stadium als eine Art Aerosol vorliegende Produkt wird in Zyklonen von den gasförmigen Begleitsubstanzen getrennt und anschließend mit feuchter Heißluft nachbehandelt. Durch dieses Verfahren lässt sich der Rest-Salzsäuregehalt unter 0,025 % senken.
- Die Granulate auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid können silanisiert sein. Der Kohlenstoffgehalt des Granulats beträgt dann vorzugsweise 0,3 bis 15,0 Gew.-%. Zur Silanisierung können Halogensilane, Alkoxysilane, Silazane und/oder Siloxane eingesetzt werden.
- Insbesondere können als Halogensilane die folgenden Stoffe eingesetzt werden:
Halogenorganosilane des Typs X3Si(CnH2n+1)
X = Cl, Br
n = 1 – 20
Halogenorganosilane des Typs X2(R')Si(CnH2n+1)
X = Cl, Br
R' = Alkyl
n = 1 – 20
Halogenorganosilane des Typs X(R')2Si(CnH2n+1)
X = Cl, Br
R' = Alkyl
n = 1 – 20
Halogenorganosilane des Typs X3Si(CH2)m-R'
X = Cl, Br
m = 0,1 – 20
R' = Alkyl, Aryl (z.B. -C6H5)
-C4F9, -OCF2-CHF-CF3, -C6F13, -O-CF2-CHF2
-NH2, -N3, -SCN, -CH=CH2,
-OOC(CH3)C=CH2
-OCH2-CH(O)CH2
-NH-COO-CH3, -NH-COO-CH2-CH3, -NH-(CH2)3Si(OR)3
-Sx-(CH2)3Si(OR)3
Halogenorganosilane des Typs (R)X2Si(CH2)m-R'
X = Cl, Br
R = Alkyl
m = 0,1 – 20
R' = Alkyl, Aryl (z.B. -C6H5)
-C4F9, -OCF2-CHF-CF3, -C6F13, -O-CF2-CHF2
-NH2, -N3, -SCN, -CH=CH2,
-OOC(CH3)C = CH2
-OCH2-CH(O)CH2
-NH-COO-CH3, -NH-COO-CH2-CH3, -NH-(CH2)3Si(OR)3
-Sx-(CH2)3Si(OR)3
Halogenorganosilane des Typs (R)2X Si(CH2)m-R'
X = Cl, Br
R = Alkyl
m = 0, 1–20
R' = Alkyl, Aryl (z.B. -C6H5)
-C4F9, -OCF2-CHF-CF3, -C6F13, -O-CF2-CHF2
-NH2, -N3, -SCN, -CH=CH2,
-OOC(CH3)C = CH2
-OCH2-CH(O)CH2
-NH-COO-CH3, -NH-COO-CH2-CH3, -NH-(CH2)3Si(OR)3
-Sx-(CH2)3Si(OR)3 - Insbesondere können als Alkoxysilane die folgenden Stoffe eingesetzt werden:
Organosilane des Typs (RO)3Si(CnH2n+1)
R = Alkyl
n = 1 – 20
Organosilane des Typs R'x(RO)ySi(CnH2n+1)
R = Alkyl
R' = Alkyl
n = 1 – 20
x+y = 3
x = 1, 2
y = 1,2
Organosilane des Typs (RO)3Si(CH2)m-R'
R =Alkyl
m = 0,1 – 20
R' = Alkyl, Aryl (z.B. -C6H5)
-C4F9, OCF2-CHF-CF3, -C6F13, -O-CF2-CHF2
-NH2, -N3, -SCN, -CH=CH2,
-OOC(CH3)C = CH2
-OCH2-CH(O)CH2
-NH-COO-CH3, -NH-COO-CH2-CH3, -NH-(CH2)3Si(OR)3
-Sx-(CH2)3Si(OR)3
Organosilane des Typs (R'')x(RO)ySi(CH2)m-R'
R'' = Alkyl
x+y = 2
x = 1,2
y = 1,2
R' = Alkyl, Aryl (z.B. -C6H5)
-C4F9, -OCF2-CHF-CF3, -C6F13, -O-CF2-CHF2
-NH2, -N3, -SCN, -CH=CH2,
-OOC(CH3)C = CH2
-OCH2-CH(O)CH2
-NH-COO-CH3, -NH-COO-CH2-CH3, -NH-(CH2)3Si(OR)3
-Sx-(CH2)3Si(OR)3 - Bevorzugt kann man als Silanisierungsmittel das Silan Si 108 [(CH3O)3-Si-C8H17] Trimethoxyoctylsilan einsetzen.
-
-
- Polysiloxane beziehungsweise Silikonöle des Typs: R = Alkyl, Aryl, (CH2)n-NH2, H
R' = Alkyl, Aryl, (CH2)n-NH2, H
R'' = Alkyl, Aryl, (CH2)n-NH2, H
R''' = Alkyl, Aryl, (CH2)n-NH2, H
Y = CH3, H, CnH2n+1 mit n = 1 – 20
Y = Si (CH3)3, Si(CH3)2H
Si(CH3)2OH, Si(CH3)2(OCH3)
Si(CH3)2(CnH2n+1) mit n = 1 – 20
m = 0, 1, 2, 3,...∞
n = 0, 1, 2, 3,...∞
u = 0, 1, 2, 3,... ∞ - Die Silanisierung kann man durchführen, indem man das Granulat mit dem Silanisierungsmittel, das gegebenenfalls in einem organischen Lösungsmittel, wie zum Beispiel Ethanol, gelöst sein kann, besprüht und das Gemisch anschließend bei einer Temperatur von 105 bis 400°C über einen Zeitraum von 1 bis 6 h thermisch behandelt.
- Eine alternative Methode der Silanisierung der Granulate kann man durchführen, indem man das Granulat mit dem Silanisierungsmittel in Dampfform behandelt und das Gemisch anschließend bei einer Temperatur von 200 bis 800°C über einen Zeitraum von 0,5 bis 6 h thermisch behandelt. Die thermische Behandlung kann unter Schutzgas, wie zum Beispiel Stickstoff, erfolgen.
- Die Silanisierung kann man in beheizbaren Mischern und Trocknern mit Sprüheinrichtungen kontinuierlich oder ansatzweise durchführen. Geeignete Vorrichtungen können zum Beispiel sein: Pflugscharmischer, Teller-, Wirbelschicht- oder Fließbetttrockner.
- Durch die Variation der Einsatzstoffe, der Bedingungen bei der Sprühung, der Temperung und der Silanisierung kann man die physikalisch-chemischen Parameter der Granulate, wie die spezifische Oberfläche, die Korngrößenverteilung, das Porenvolumen, die Stampfdichte und die Silanolgruppen-Konzentration, Porenverteilung und pH-Wert innerhalb der angegebenen Grenzen verändern.
- Weitere Gegenstände der Erfindung sind:
- – Farbstoff, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Antioxidans, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Konservierungsmittel, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Emulgator, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Geliermittel, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Verdickungsmittel, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Bindemittel, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Stabilisator, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Alkali, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Säuren, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Salze, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Antiklumpmittel, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Geschmacksverstärker, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Süßstoff, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Aroma, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Futtermitteladditive, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Chemische Zwischenprodukte, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Pflanzenschutzmittel, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Herbizide, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Insektizide, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- – Fungizide, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe können sein:
- Farbstoffe, wie zum Beispiel:
E100 Curcumin
E101 Riboflavin, Lactoflavin
E102 Tartrazin
E104 Chinolingelb
E110 Gelborange 5 (Azofarbstoff)
E120 Karminsäure, Cochenille
E122 Azorubin (Azofarbstoff)
E123 Amaranth (Azofarbstoff)
E124 Ponceau 4R (Azofarbstoff)
E127 Erythrosin
E131 Patentblau V
E132 Indigotin, Indigocarmin
E140 Chlorophylle a + b
E141 Chlorophylle und Chlorophylline,
Kupferkomplexe
E142 Brillantsäuregrün BS
E150 Caramel, Zuckercouleur, Rhumcouleur
E151 Brillantschwarz BN (Azofarbstoff)
E153 Kohle, medizinische
E160 Carotinoide
E160a Beta-Carotin, Gamma-Carotin
E160b Bixin, Norbixin, (Annatto), Orlean E160c
Capsanthin, Capsorubin
E160d Lycopin
E160e Beta-Apo-8'-Carotinal (C30)
E160f Beta-Apo-8'-Carotinsäure-ethylester
E161 Xanthophylle
E161a Flavoxanthin
E161b Lutein
E161c Kryptoxanthin
E161d Rubixanthin
E161e Violaxanthin
E161f Rhodoxanthin
E161g Canthaxanthin
E162 Betanin, Beetenrot
E163 Anthocyan
E172 Eisenoxid, Eisenhydroxid
E173 Aluminium
E174 Silber
E175 Gold
E180 Rubinpigment BK, Litholrubin - Antioxidantien können sein:
E220 Schweflige Säure, Schwefeldioxid
E221 Natriumsulfit
E222 Natriumhydrogensulfit
E223 Natriumdisulfit
E224 Kaliumdisulfit
E300 Ascorbinsäure
E301 Natriumascorbat
E302 Calciumascorbat
E304 Ascorbylpalmitat
E306 Tocopherolhaltige Extrakte natürlichen Ursprungs
E307 alpha-Tocopherol
E308 gamma-Tocopherol
E309 delta-Tocopherol
E310 Propylgallat
E311 Octylgallat
E312 Dodecylgallat
E320 Butylhydroxyanisol (BHA)
E321 Butylhydroxytoluol (BHT)
E330 Citronensäure
E331 Natriumcitrat
E332 Kaliumcitrat
E333 Calciumcitrat
E472c Zitronensäure-Ester
Ethoxiquin - Konservierungsmittel können sein:
E200 Sorbinsäure
E201 Natriumsorbat
E202 Kaliumsorbat
E203 Calciumsorbat
E210 Benzoesäure
E211 Natriumbenzoat
E212 Kaliumbenzoat
E213 Calciumbenzoat
E214 Ethyl-4-hydroxybenzoat
E215 Ethyl-4-hydroxybenzoat, Natriumsalz
E216 Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoat
E217 Propyl-4-hydroxybenzoat, Natriumsalz
E218 Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoat
E219 Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoat, Natriumsalz
E220 Schweflige Säure, Schwefeldioxid
E221 Natriumsulfit
E222 Natriumhydrogensulfit
E223 Natriumdisulfit
E224 Kaliumdisulfit
E236 Ameisensäure
E280 Propionsäure
E281 Natriumpropionat
E282 Calciumpropionat
E283 Kaliumpropionat - Emulgatoren können sein:
E322 Lecithin
E442 Ammoniumsalze von Phosphatidsäuren
E471 Speisefettsäuren, Mono-und Diglyceride
E472 Ester von E471
E472a Essigsäure-Ester
E472b Michsäure-Ester
E472c Zitronensäure-Ester
E472d Weinsäure-Ester
E472e Diacetylweinsäure-Ester
E472f Wein-Essigsäure-Ester
E473 Saccharoseester der Speisefettsäuren
E474 Zuckerglyceride
E475 Polyglycerolester der Speisefettsäuren
E476 Polyglycerolester von polykondensierter Ricinolsäure
E477 Propylenglycolester der Speisefettsäuren
E481 Natrium-stearoyllactylat
E482 Calcium-stearoyllactylat
E487 Natriumlaurylsulfat - Gelier-, Verdickungs-und Bindemittel, Stabilisatoren können sein:
E400 Alginsäure
E401 Natriumalginat
E402 Kaliumalginat
E403 Ammoniumalginat
E404 Calciumalginat
E405 Propylenglykolalginat
E406 Agar-Agar
E407 Carrageenan
E410 Johannisbrotkern-Mehl
E412 Guar-Mehl
E413 Traganth
E414 Arabischer Gummi
E415 Xanthan
E416 Karaya-Gummi
E417 Tara-Gummi
E440 Pektine
E460a Cellulose, mikrokristalline
E460b Cellulose, gemahlen
E461 Methylcellulose
E463 Hydroxypropylcellulose
E464 Hydroxypropylmethycellulose
E465 Methylethylcellulose
E466 Carboxymethylcellulose
E551 Siliciumdioxid
E1411 Distärkephosphat I
E1412 Distärkephosphat II
E1413 Distärkephosphat, phosphatiert
E1414 Distärkephosphat, acetyliert
E1420 Monostärkeacetat I
E1421 Monostärkeacetat II
E1422 Distärkeadipat, acetyliert
E1423 Distärkeglycerin, acetyliert
E1430 Distärkeglycerin
E1440 Hydroxypropylstärke
E1441 Hydroxypropyl-Distärkeglycerin
E1442 Hydroxypropyl-distärkephosphat - Alkalien, Säuren, Salze können sein:
E170 Calciumcarbonat
E260 Essigsäure
E261 Kaliumacetat
E262 Natriumdiacetat
E263 Calciumdiacetat
E270 Milchsäure
E296 Apfelsäure
E325 Natriumlactat
E326 Kaliumlactat
E327 Calciumlactat
E330 Citronensäure
E331 Natriumcitrat
E332 Kaliumcitrat
E333 Calciumcitrat
E334 Weinsäure
E335 Natriumtartrat
E336 Kaliumtartrat
E337 Kalium-Natrium-Tartrat
E354 Calciumtartrat
E338 Orthophosphorsäure
E339 Natrium-Orthophosphat
E340 Kalium-Orthophosphat
E341 Calcium-Orthophosphat
E343 Magnesium-Orthophosphat
E350 Natriummalat
E351 Kaliummalat
E352 Calciummalat
E450 Salze der Di-, Tri-und Polyphosphorsäure (Di-, Tri- und Polyphosphate)
E500 Natriumcarbonat
E501 Kaliumcarbonat
E503 Ammoniumcarbonat
E504 Magnesiumcarbonat
E507 Salzsäure
E508 Kaliumchlorid
E509 Calciumchlorid
E510 Ammoniumchlorid
E514 Natriumsulfat
E515 Kaliumsulfat
E516 Calciumsulfat
E524 Natriumhydroxid
E525 Kaliumhydroxid
E526 Calciumhydroxid
E527 Ammoniumhydroxid
E528 Magnesiumhydroxid
E529 Calciumoxid
E530 Magnesiumoxid
E541 Natriumaluminiumphosphat
E574 Gluconsäure
E575 Glucono-Delta-Lacton
E576 Natriumgluconat
E577 Kaliumgluconat
E578 Calciumgluconat - Antiklumpmittel können sein:
E170 Calciumcarbonat
E341 Calcium-Orthophosphat
E470 Speisefettsäuren, Natrium-, Kalium-und Calciumsalze
E504 Magnesiumcarbonat
E535 Natrium-Ferrocyanid
E536 Kalium-Ferrocyanid
E538 Calcium-ferrocyanid - Geschmacksverstärker können sein:
E621 Natrium-Glutamat
E622 Kalium-Glutamat
E623 Calcium-Glutamat
E624 Magnesium-Glutamat
E625 Ammonium-Glutamat
E627 Natriumguanylat
E628 Kaliumguanylat
E629 Calciumguanylat
E630 5'-Inosinsäure
E631 Natriuminosinat
E632 Kaliuminosinat
E633 Calciuminosinat - Süßstoffe können sein:
E950 Acesulfam-K
E951 Aspartam
E952 Cyclamat
E954 Saccharin
E957 Thaumatin - Aromen:
Abriceine
Acetanisol krist.
Acetophenon rein
Agarwood D50092NS
Agrumenaldehyde 6947L
Agrumex HC
Agrumex LC
Agrumovert 10897 C/J
Aldehyd C 6 nat.
Aldehyd C11 MOA
Aldehyd C12 MNA
Aldehyd C14 sog.
Aldehyd C16 sog.
Aldehyd C18 sog./Abricolin
Alkohol C 6 nat.
Alkohol C 8
Alkohol C 9
Alkohol C10
Alkohol C12
Allinat/Allylisothiocyanat
Allinat/Allylisothiocyanat (stab.)
Allylcapronat
Allylcapronat kosher
Allylcyclohexylpropionat
Allylheptylat
Allylphenoxyacetat
Amarocit
Ambre 83LN DB10028
Ambrebois D50407
Ambrettia C
Ambrettolid
Ambrinol S
Ambroxid krist.
Ananas Coeur D50214
Anethol NPU 21/22°C
Anethol supra 21.5°C
Anisaldehyd rein
Anisalkohol
Anisol
Anisylacetat
Apfel 74180C PM
Apriconia 28855P extra PM
Baldrian Identoil B
Basilikum Synthessence
Bay Identoil
Benzalaceton
Benzaldehyd
Benzaldehyd dd
Benzophenon krist.
Benzylacetat
Benzylaceton
Benzylalkohol dd
Benzylalkohol FR
Benzylbenzoat H&R
Benzylbenzoat M
Benzylcinnamat
Benzylformiat
Benzylpropionat
Benzylsalicylat
Bergamott Identoil farblos
Bergamott Synthessence afrik.
Blackberry D50260E
Bois de Cachemire D50008
Bois Doux 78008SP PM
Boronal
Buttersäure nat.
Butylbutyrat
Cacao et Chocolat D50546B
Cajeput Identoil
Calmus Synthessence Asaronfrei
Cananga Identoil
Caprinsäure nat.
Capronsäure nat.
Caramelacetat
Cardamom R Identoil
Cardamom Synthessence
Cassia Identoil
Cassia Identoil B dunkel
Cassis D50060B
Cedernblätter Identoil
Chloracetophenon para
Chrysantheme
Cinnamylacetat
Citral FF
Citron R
Citrone Synthessence FF
CitronellaIdentoil
CitronellIdentoil
Citronellyltiglinat
Citronitril
Citrowanil® B
Citrozone D50620B
Citrylal
Citrylal E
Clarifruit D50757
Clarion Base D50774
Coriander Identoil
Corps 98N DB10025
Corps Racine VS
Costus Synthessence
Coumarone
Cumin Synthessence
Cypressen Identoil
Damascenon beta nat. 1% in EtOH
Datilat
Decalacton gamma nat.
Decalylacetat beta
Diacetyl nat.
Dibenzosuberenon
Dibenzosuberon
Dibenzylether
Diethylphthalat (DEP)
Dihydrocumarin
Dimethylanthranilat
Dimethylbenzylcarbinylbutyrat
Dimethylsulfid nat.
Diphenyloxid
Edeltannennadel Identoil
Edeltannennadel Identoil B
Eichenmoos Resin D50342
Erdbeere D50026C
Essigsäure nat.
Estragon Identoil
Ethoxyfuranon
Ethyl 2-Methylbutyrat nat.
Ethyl-2-Methylbutyrat
Ethylacetat nat.
Ethylacetoacetat
Ethylbenzoat
Ethylbutyrat
Ethylbutyrat nat.
Ethylcapronat kosher
Ethylcapronat nat.
Ethylcaprylat
Ethylcaprylat nat.
Ethylcinnamat
Ethylformiat
Ethylheptylat
Ethylisovalerianat
Ethylphenylacetat
Ethylpropionat
Ethylsalicylat
Eucalyptol
Eucalyptusöl Globulus BP
Eugenol
Eugenolmethylether
Farenal
Fenchelöl techn.
Feuilles de Tomate 79569PM
Fichtengrün 80015
Fichtennadel Identoil B sib.
Fichtennadel Identoil sib.
Filbertone G
Fir Balsam DM
Fleur de Cassis SBU PM
Floropal
Florophyll 10183
Fragolane
Framboson 10583F
Frutinat
Galbanum Synthessence
Galbanum Synthresin B
Geranium Identoil afrik.
Geranium Identoil Bourbon
Geranyltiglinat
Globalid 100%
Globanone 50% DEP
Globanone 50% DPG
Globanone 50% IPM
Grapefruit D50075N
Grapefruit Identoil D61286G
Green Honey Melon D50315
Guave 10875N
Helichrysum Synthessence
Herbaflorat
Hexylacetat
Hexylacetat nat.
Hexylsalicylat
Hydrocitronitril
Indian Spice 10898
Indoflor H&R Krist.
Indol FF
Ingweröl spez. D403935
Ionon rein 100%
Iris Synthresin H&R
Irolene P
Isoamylacetat G
Isoamylacetat nat.
Isoamylbutyrat
Isoamylbutyrat nat.
Isoamylisobutyrat nat.
Isoamylisovalerianat
Isoananat
Isobornylacetat
Isobuttersäure nat.
Isobutylacetat nat.
Isobutylchinolin
Isobutylchinolin 54
Isoeugenolmethylether
Isotabac naturelle LN DB10038
Jasmaprunat
Kamille Identoil blau
Kamille röm. Synthessence
Kiefernnadel Identoil
Kiefernnadel Identoil B
Kiefernnadel Identoil B P
Kiwi D50195PM
Kresolmethylether para
Lactojasmon
Lavandin Identoil 30/32%
Lavandin Identoil Typ Franz. 30/32%
Lavandin Provence D50817
Lavendel Identoil Typ Mt. Blanc 40/42%
Lavendelöl Typ Mt. Blanc 40/42%
Leguminal
Limonene d rein
Loganberry D50398N PM
Lorbeerbiätteröl D50286
Macisöl extra
Macrolide®
Macrolide® supra
Madranol
Magnolan
Majantol
Mandaril
Manderine Synthessence
Mango D50436PM
Maracuja D50042E PM
Marjoliane N DB10018
Mayciane N DB10023
Melissen Identoil Deutsch sog.
Menthol D dist.
Menthol flüssig
Menthol rac.
Menthol rac. PH
Menthol-l dest.
Menthol-l H&R kompaktiert
Mentholöl
Menthon-l/Isomenthon-d
Menthylacetat-l
Metaxa D50247C
Methyl ethylpyrazin-2,3
Methyl-2-Methylbutyrat
Methylacetophenon para
Methylacetophenon para supra
Methylanthranilat
Methylbenzoat H&R
Methylbenzoat techn. rein
Methylbetanaphthylketon krist.
Methylbuttersäure-2 nat.
Methylcinnamat
Methylphenylacetat
Methylsalicylat
Methylzimtaldehyd alpha
Miel Blanc N DB10024
Moschuskörner Synthessence
Mugetanol
Mugofleur D50444PM
Muskateller Salbei Identoil
Muskateller Salbei Identoil B
Nelkenblüten Identoil
Nelkenblätter Identoil dunkel
Nelkenblätteröl entf.
Neononylacetat
Neroli Identoil
Nerolin Yara Yara krist.
Neroliöl 4663
Olibanum Synthresin
Orange Identoil TSR
Orangenöl spez. D40393P
Origanum Identoil
Oryclon extra
Oryclon spezial
Osmanthia 353
Ozonil
Palisandal
Palisandin
Palmarosa Synthessence
Pastinak Synthessence
Patchouli Synthessence N
Patchouliöl entf. DM
Pear D50313A PM
Perubalsam Identoil
Perubalsam kstl. H&R
Petitgrain Bigarade Synthessence
Petitgrain Identoil R
Pfirsich D40110PM
Pflaume D50424
Phenirat
Phenoxyethylalkohol/Arosol
Phenylacetaldehyd 100%
Phenylacetaldehyddimethylacetal
Phenylethylacetat
Phenyhethylalkohol benzylalkoholfrei
Phenylethylalkohol rein
Phenylethylcinnamat krist.
Phenylethylisobutyrat
Phenylethylphenylacetat
Phenylpropylalkohol
Piment Identoil
Pineappleacetat
Poivre Coeur H&R PM
Poivron N DB10029
Prenylacetat
Prenylsalicylat
Profarnesal
Projasmon P
Propionsäure nat.
Propylacetat nat.
Prunol N DB10027
Pyroprunat
Rain Forest D50339C PM
Resedafol
Rosaphen
Rose Booster D50221A
Rose F50048R PG
Rosemarin Identoil
Rosemarin Identoil spanisch
Rosenholz bras. Identoil
Salbei Identoil span.
Salbei Identoil span.
Sandalwood S.E.A. D50820
Sandel 80
Sandel extra
Sandel Forte
Sandel H&R
Sandel H&R ECO
Sandel H&R super
Sandel SP
Sandel Typ Ostind.
Sandelholz Typ Ostind.
Sandolen H&R
Spik Identoil
Styrax Identoil D50186
Styrollylacetat
Sweet Amber D50807
Tabakarome H&R D50799
Teatree D50780A
Thymian Identoil
Thymian rot Identoil
Thymian Synthabsolue
Thymol dest.
Thymol krist. H&R
Thymol krist. PH
Tonca Synthresin
Vanillin nat.
Verbena Identoil Typ Franz.
Verdeflora D50375D
Verdural F
Vertocitral
Vertocitral C
Vertosine
Vetiver Identoil J
Wacholderbeer Identoil 10900
Wacholderbeer Synthessence
Weidenduft 6103CB HG
Wintergreenöl
Ylang 10372 MT
Ylang Ylang Identoil Bourbon I
Ylang Ylang Identoil Bourbon II
Ylang Ylang Identoil Bourbon III
Zimtaldehyd
Zimtaldehyd nat.
Zimtalkohol
Zimtblätter Identoil
Zimtrinden Identoil - Futtermittelladditive können sein:
Cholinchloridlösung
Vitamin E-Acetat
Ameisensäure
Essigsäure
Propionsäure
Phosphorsäure
Fettkonzentrate
Ethoxiquin
Melasse
Hopfenextrakt
Tagetes-Extrakt
Lecithin
Molke
Calciumformiat
Harnstoff
Milchaustauscher
Spurenelemente
Vitamine - Chemische Zwischenprodukte können sein:
1,2-Propylenglykol
Acrylsäure
Adipinsäure
Adipinsäureanhydrid
Ameisensäure
Ameisensäureanhydrid
Benzoesäure
Bernsteinsäure
Butansäure
Butansäureanhydrid
Capronsäure
Dimerfettsäure
Dimerfettsäureanhydrid
Dipentaerythrit
Erucasäure
Essigsäure
Essigsäureanhydrid
Ethylenglykol
Fumarsäure
Glutarsäure
Glycerin
Isophthalsäure
Isophthalsäureanhydrid
Laurinsäure
Linolensäure
Linolsäure
Maleinsäure
Maleinsäureanhydrid
Malonsäure
Myristinsäure
Ölsäure
Oxalsäure
Palmitinsäure
Pentaerythrit
Phthalsäure
Phthalsäureanhydrid
Propionsäure
Stearinsäure
Terephthalsäure
Terephthalsäureanhydrid
Trimethylolpropan
Valeriansäure
Bisphenol A
Epichlorhydrin
o-Kresol
Phenol-Novolaken
Styrol
A-Methylstyrol
Vinyltoluol
Methylmethacrylat
Divinylbenzol
Diallylphthalat
Diisocyanate
Toluoldiisocyanate
Cyclohexanon
Methylcyclohexanon
Aceton
Butanon
Acetophenon
Inden
Cumaron (Benzofuran)
2-Methylinden
2-Methylcumaron
Methylstyrol
Cyclopentadien
Dicyclopentadien
Heteropolysaccharide
Arabinose
Galactose
Glucorosäure
Mannose
Rhamanose
Xylose
Resinolsäuren
Resinole
Resinotannole
Resene
Terpene
Diterpene
Triterpene
Sesquiterpene
Harzester
Harzseifen
Alkohole
Phenolderivate
Hydrochinonderivate
Chinolinderivate - Natürliche Harze:
Acaroidharz
Asa foetida
Benzoeharz
Bernstein
Bitumen
Canadabalsam
Chinalack
Copaivabalsam
Dammarharz
Drachenblut
Elemi
Galbanum
Gutti
Jalapen
Japanlack
Kaurikopal
Kolophonium
Kopal
Labdanum
Manilakopal
Mastix
Myrrhe
Olibanum
Opoponax
Pernbalsam
Perubalsam
Sandarak
Schellack
Styrax
Tolubalsam
Terpentin - Synthetische Harze:
Kohlenwasserstoffharze
Harnstoffharze
Alkydharze
Epoxidharze
Melaminharze
Melamin-Formaldehyd-Harze
Hexamethylolmelaminharze
Melamin-Phenolharze
Melamin-Harnstoff-Harze
Phenolharze
Polyesterharze
Ungesättigte Polyesterharze
Polyurethanharze
Ketonharze
Cumaron-Inden harze
Isocyanatharze
Polyamidharze
Terpen-Phenolharze
Epoxidharze
Ungesättigte Polyesterharze
Polyurethanharze
Ketonharze
Cumaron-Indenharze
Isocyanatharze
Terpen-Phenolharze
Gummi - Additive:
Netzmittel
Trockenmittel
Antiausschwimmmittel
Antihautmittel
Erhärtungsbeschleuniger
Erhärtungsverzögerer
Blähmittel
Dichtungsmittel
Wasserenthärter
Sauerstoffentferner
Puffer
Glanzmittel
Alterungsschutzmittel
Antioxidantien
Antiozonantien
Weichmacher
Geruchsverbesserer
Inhibitoren
Passivierungsmittel
Sparbeizen
Korrosionsschutzmittel
Antistatika
Stabilisatoren
Trennmittel
Gleitmittel
Flammschutzmittel
UV-Absorber
Antiklopfmittel
Korrosionsinhibitoren
Metalldesaktivatoren
Vergaserreinigungsmittel
Rückstandsumwandler
Antiicingmittel
Stockpunkterniedriger
Entschäumer
Schmierfähigkeitsverbesserer
Optische Aufheller - Schaumverhütungsmittel:
Anionische Tenside
Polyethylenether
Polypropylenglykolether
Pluronic®
Mischether - Anorg. Peroxide:
Wasserstoffperoxid
Lithiumperoxid
Natriumperoxid
Calciumperoxid
Strontiumperoxid
Bariumperoxid - Org. Peroxide:
Di-tert.-butylperoxid
Dibenzoylperoxid
Persäuren
Persäureester
Ketonperoxide
Epidioxide
Ascaridol
Ergosterinperoxid - Stabilisatoren:
Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure
Magnesiumsilicat - Weichmacher:
Campher
Trimellitsäure
Phosphorsäureester
Azelainsäureester
Sebacinsäureesester
Chlorparaffine
Dioctylphthalat
Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalat
Diisononylphthalat
Diisodocecylphthalat
Phthalsäureester
Dibutylphthalat
Diisobutylphthalat
Dicyclohexylphthalat
Dimethylphthalat
Diethylphthalat
Benzyl-butyl-phthalat
Butyl-octyl-phthalat
Butyl-deyl-phthalat
Dipentylphtalat
Dimethylglycolphthalat
Dicaprylphthalat
Trimellitsäureester
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)-trimellitat
Dioctyladipat
Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)adipat
Diisodecyladipat
Dibutylsebacat
Dioctylsebacat
Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sebacat
Azelainsäure
Sebacinsäure
1,3-Butandiol
1,2-Propandiol
1,4-Butandiol
1,6-Hexandiol
Trikresylphosphat
Triphenylphosphat
Diphenylkresylphosphat
Diphenyloctylphosphat
Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)diphenylphosphat
Tris-(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphat
Tris-(2-butoxyethyl)-phosphat
Butyloleat
Butylstearat
Triethylenglycol-bis-(2-ethylbutyrat)
Citronensäureester
Acetyltributylcitrat
Acetyltriethylcitrat
Weisäureester
Milchsäureester
Epoxystearinsäureester
Epoxidierte Sojaöle
Leinöle
Benzolsulfonamide
p-Toluolsulfonamide - Radikalfänger:
Stickstoffmonoxid
Bis(trifluormethyl)nitroxid
Nitroxylradikale
2,2-Diphenyl-1-pikkrylhydrazal
Nitrosobenzol
2-Methyl-2-nitroso-propan
Benzaldehyd-ter.-butylnitron - Netzmittel können sein:
Dimethyloctylphosphine oxide
Dimethylnonylphosphine oxide
Dimethyldecylphosphine oxide
Dimethylundecylphosphine oxide
Dimethyldodecylphoshine oxide
N,N, bis(3-D-gluconamidopropyl)cholamide
N,N-Bis(3-D-gluconamidopropyl)deoxycholamide
Dodecylpoly(oxyethyleneglycolether)n,
PEG (23) dodecyl ether,
PEG (10) cetyl alcohol
PEG (20) cetyl alcohol
PEG (10) stearyl alcohol
PEG (10) oleyl alcohol
PEG (29) oleyl alcohol
Polyethyleneglycol (10) laurylether
Polyethyleneglycol (8) dodecylether
Polyethyleneglycol (10) isotridecylether
Polyethyleneglycol (15) isotridecylether
Ethylphenolpoly(ethyleneglycolether)n
Lubrol
Thesit
Thesit
Cetylpyridiniumchlorid
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid
3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid
Chenodeoxycholic acid
Cholate, Na+
Deoxycholate, Na+
Glycocholate, Na+
Glycodeoxycholate, Na+
Taurocholate, Na+
Taurodehydrocholate, Na+
Taurodeoxycholate, Na+
Cyclohexyl-n-ethyl-b-D-maltoside
Cyclohexyl-n-hexyl-b-D-maltoside
Cyclohexyl-n-methyl-b-D-maltoside
n-Decyl-b-D-maltopyranoside
n-Dodecyl-beta-D-maltopyranoside
n-Octyl-b-D-maltopyranoside
n-Undecyl-b-D-maltoside
N,N-dimethyl decylamine oxide
Genaminox KC
N,N-dimethyl dodecylamine oxide
N-Dodecyl-N,N-(dimethylammonio)butyrate
N-Dodecyl-N,N-(dimethylammonio)undecanoate
n-Dodecyl-N,N-dimethylglycine
N-Octyl-N,N-dimethylammonio-3-propansulfonat
N-Decyl-N,N-dimethylammonio-3-propansulfonat
N-Dodecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio-3-propansulfonat
N-Tetradecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio-3-propansulfonat
Decanoylsucrose
n-Dodecanoylsucrose
Octanoylsucrose
n-Decyl-b-D-glucopyranoside
Dodecyl-ß-D-Glucopyranoside
n-Heptyl-b-D-glucopyranoside
n-Hexyl-b-D-glucopyranoside
n-Nonyl-b-D-glucopyranoside
n-Octanoyl-b-D-glucosylamine
n-Octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
n-Decyl-b-D-thiomaltoside
n-Nonyl-beta-D-thiomaltopyranoside
N,N-Bis(3-D-gluconamidopropyl)deoxycholamide
N,N, bis(3-D-gluconamidopropyl)cholamide
Digitonin
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodiumsulfosuccinate
n-Dodecyl-N,N-dimethylglycine
6-O-(N-heptyl-carbamoyl)methyl-a-D-glucopyranoside
N-Dodecanoyl-N-methylglycin
Laurylsulfate Li+
Laurylsulfate, Na+
{3-([4-tert-Octyl]-1-propanesulfonic acid, Na+
n-Octanoyl-N-methylglucamide
n-Nonanoyl-N-methylglucamide
n-Decanoyl-N-methylglucamide
Ethylphenolpoly(ethyleneglycolether)n
n-octyl-2-hydroxyethyl sulfoxide
n-octyl-2-hydroxyethyl sulfide
n-octyl-rac-2,3-dihydroxypropylsulfone
n-octyl-rac-2,3-dihydroxypropylsulfoxide
Polyethyleneglycol-polypropyleneglycol-copolymer
Polyethyleneglycol-polypropyleneglycol-copolymer
Pluronic F-127
b-D-Fructopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside monodecanoate
b-D-Fructopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside monododecanoate
PEG (9-10) nonyl phenol
PEG (4.5) p-t-octylphenol
PEG (9-10) p-t-octylphenol
PEG (9-10) p-t-octylcyclohexyl
PEG (7-8) p-t-octylphenol
PEG (7-8) t-octylcyclohexyl -
- Bevorzugt jedoch fungieren die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Siliciumdioxid-Granulate als Träger. Die vorliegende Erfindung richtet sich daher auch auf ein Adsorbat aus dem zuvor beschriebenen Siliciumdioxid-Granulat und mindestens einem dieser Stoffe.
- Der Ausdruck "Adsorbat", wie er hierin verwendet wird, umfaßt nicht nur die Adsorption einer Substanz an der Oberfläche des Siliciumdioxid, sondern auch in den Poren, sowie die "Einlagerung" in den Zwischenkornvolumina. Auch kann "Adsorbat" bedeuten, dass Siliciumdioxid-Granulat oder Bruchstücke davon Feststoffpartikel oder Flüssigkeitströpfchen des Stoffes umhüllen. In letzterem Fall werden die Anziehungskräfte zwischen den Partikeln bzw. Tröpfchen herabgesetzt und beispielsweise das Fließverhalten verbessert bzw. Tröpfchen am Zusammenfließen gehindert.
- Das Mengenverhältnis von Substanz zu Siliciumdioxid-Granulat im Adsorbat kann abhängig von den Eigenschaften der Substanz und den Anforderungen an das Endprodukt beliebig gewählt werden. Bevorzugt werden jedoch 0,001 bis 200 g Substanz pro 100 g Siliciumdioxid-Granulat eingesetzt, besonders bevorzugt 10 bis 150 g.
- In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann als Siliciumdioxid-Granulat ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid einen mittleren Korndurchmesser von 10 bis 120 μm und eine BET-Oberfläche von 40 bis 400 m2/g (Bestimmung nach DIN 66 131 mit Stickstoff) verwendet werden.
- Bevorzugt weist das Siliciumdioxid-Granulat weiterhin die folgenden physikalisch-chemischen Kenndaten auf, die wie in EP PS 0 725 037 beschrieben, bestimmt werden:
Porenvolumen: 0,5 bis 2,5 ml/g - Porengrößenvolumen: weniger als 5 % des Gesamtporenvolumens haben einen Porendurchmesser kleiner 5 nm, Rest Meso- und Makroporen
pH-Wert: 3,6 bis 8,5 Stampfdichte: 220 bis 700 g/l. - Ein zur erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung geeignetes Granulat und dessen Herstellung ist beispielsweise in EP OS 0 727 037 beschrieben.
- Ein beispielhaftes Verfahren zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Adsorbats umfasst:
Schmelzen der zu adsorbierenden Substanz(en), ausgewählt aus Lebensmittelzusatzstoffen, wie Farbstoffe, Antioxidantien, Konservierungsmittel, Emulgatoren, Gelier-, Verdickungs- und Bindemittel, Stabilisatoren, Alkalien, Säuren, Salze Antiklumpmittel, Geschmacksverstärker, Süßstoffe, Aromen, Futtermitteladditive, chemische Zwischenprodukte und Pflanzenschutzmittel, wie zum Beispiel Herbizide, Insektizide, Fungizide, oder Verteilen, d.h. Lösen, Suspendieren oder Emulgieren, derselben in einem Lösemittel;
Mischen des Granulats auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid mit der Mischung aus Schritt (a); und gegebenenfalls Entfernen des Lösemittels. - Mit "Lösemittel" sind auch Gemische mehrerer verschiedener Lösemittel umfasst. Es versteht sich weiterhin, dass bereits bei Raumtemperatur flüssige Substanzen ohne vorausgehende Aufarbeitung dem Vermischen in Schritt (b) unterworfen werden können, da hier der "Aufschmelzvorgang" bereits statt gefunden hat. Der Mischschritt (b) kann erfolgen, indem entweder die Mischung aus Schritt (a) zu dem Siliciumdioxid-Granulat gegeben wird, zum Beispiel durch Aufsprühen, oder umgekehrt verfahren wird. In beiden Fällen kann die Zugabe in einer Menge oder portionsweise erfolgen. Die Zeitdauer des Mischens in Schritt (b) hängt dabei vor allem vom Adsorptionsverhalten des zu adsorbierenden Stoffes auf der Kieselsäureoberfläche ab. Falls ein Lösemittel vorhanden ist, werden Schritt (a) und (b) bei einer Temperatur durchgeführt, die zwischen dem Gefrier- und Siedepunkt des Lösemittels liegt. Das gegebenenfalls überschüssige Lösemittel wird in Schritt (c) vorzugsweise bei erhöhter Temperatur und/oder reduziertem Druck entfernt.
- Die Entfernung des Lösungsmittels in Schritt (c) kann auch durch Sprüh- oder Wirbelschichttrocknung erfolgen, wobei gleichzeitig eine Formgebung erfolgt. Entsprechend kann bei einer Granulat-haltigen Schmelze das Formgebungsverfahren eine Extrusion sein.
- Die erfindungsgemäßen Adsorbate können zur Herstellung von Pulvern, Flüssigkeiten, Schäumen, Sprays, Gelen, Cremes, Salben, Pasten, Stiften und Tabletten verwendet werden.
- Die erfindungsgemäßen Adsorbate können zusätzlich verformt werden. Sie können beispielsweise zu Pellets, größeren Granulaten, Extrudaten etc. verarbeitet werden.
- Der Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Adsorbate liegt in ihrem excellenten Fließverhalten, dem geringen Wassergehalt und der hohen Reinheit der Ausgangsgranulate. Sie bieten eine sehr gute Dispergiermöglichkeit von schwierig zu dosierenden Stoffen und sind einfach zu handhaben.
- Bei Handhabung der Adsorbate kann das Gefährdungspotential bei der Anwendung auf giftige Stoffe, wie Pflanzenschutzmittel oder aggressive hautreizende Stoffe, für die verabreichende Person deutlich herabgesetzt werden.
- Bei der Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Adsorbats kann eine gleichmäßige Verteilung des Wirkstoffes erzielt werden.
- Die Erfindung soll nun anhand von Beispielen näher erläutert werden.
- Herstellung eines Granulats auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid
- Als Ausgangsverbindung wird das pyrogen hergestellte Siliciumdioxid AEROSIL 300, kommerziell bei Degussa AG erhältlich, verwendet.
- Das pyrogen hergestellte Siliciumdioxid wird in vollentsalztem Wasser dispergiert. Dabei wird ein Dispergieraggregat verwendet, das nach dem Rotor/Stator-Prinzip arbeitet. Die entstehende Suspensionen wird sprühgetrocknet. Die Abscheidung des Fertigproduktes erfolgt über Filter oder Zyklon. Die Temperung des Sprühgranulats erfolgt im Muffelofen.
-
- 1. Ausgangsmaterialien
- 1.1 Modellflüssigkeiten
-
- Granulierte pyrogene Kieselsäure (AEROPERL® 300/30) weist einen deutlich geringeren Wassergehalt (Trocken- und Glühverlust) und einen höheren Siliciumdioxid-Gehalt auf als die in den Vergleichsbeispielen verwendeten Kieselsäuren. Außerdem ist es frei von Sulfaten, für Fällungskieselsäure und Kieselgele typische Verunreinigungen, und weist die besten Fließfähigkeit (den geringsten Böschungswinkel) auf.
- 2. Durchführung:
- In einem mit einem Blattrührer ausgestatteten 2-Liter-Dreihalskolben werden 50 g Trägerkieselsäure vorgelegt. Aus einem Tropftrichter werden unter Rühren bei einer Rührgeschwindigkeit von 100 Umdrehungen/Minute 50 g der Modellflüssigkeiten aus den Beispielen 1-4 innerhalb von 60 Minuten zugetropft. Die Vergleichsbeispiele 1-3 werden mit Eukalytptusöl durchgeführt. Anschließend werden die Flüssigkeit-Kieselsäure-Adsorbate von Hand dreimal durch ein 0,8-mm Sieb-locker gesiebt und über Nacht in einer verschlossenen Schraubglasflasche stehen gelassen. Am darauf folgenden Tag werden die Flüssigkeit-Kieselsäure-Adsorbate mit folgenden Methoden charakterisiert:
Fließnote mittels Glasauslaufgefäßen gemäß Schriftenreihe Pigmente Nr. 31 „AEROSIL zur Verbesserung des Fließverhaltens pulverförmiger Substanzen", Degussa AG, Düsseldorf. -
- Die mit granulierter pyrogener Kieselsäure (AEROPERL® 300/30) hergestellten Flüssigkeit-Kieselsäure-Adsorbate zeichnen sich durch eine gute Fließfähigkeit aus (Fließnote 2, Böschungswinkel < 40°). Im Unterschied dazu zeigen die Flüssigkeit-Kieselsäure-Adsorbate aus den Vergleichsbeispielen 1 bis 3 eine deutlich geringe Fließfähigkeit. Letztere weisen außerdem deutlich geringere Schüttgewichte auf.
- Flüssigkeit-Kieselsäure-Adsorbate mit guter Fließfähigkeit und hohem Schüttvolumen sind vorteilhaft für Träger-Anwendungen. Außerdem sollten Trägerkieselsäuren ein möglichst geringen Wassergehalt haben und sehr rein sein, um Zersetzung der adsorbierten Flüssigkeiten unter dem (katalytischen) Einfluß von Wasser oder Verunreinigungen, wie zum Beispiel Sulfaten, zu vermeiden. Die Experimente zeigen, dass granulierte pyrogene Kieselsäure alle diese Forderungen erfüllt.
Claims (25)
- Verwendung eines Granulates auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid als Träger für Stoffe, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe, wie Farbstoffe, Antioxidantien, Konservierungsmittel, Emulgatoren, Gelier-, Verdickungs- und Bindemittel, Stabilisatoren, Alkalien, Säuren, Salze Antiklumpmittel, Geschmacksverstärker, Süßstoffe, Aromen, Futtermitteladditive, chemische Zwischenprodukte und Pflanzenschutzmittel, wie zum Beispiel Herbizide, Insektizide, Fungizide.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Siliciumdioxidgranulat silanisiert ist.
- Adsorbat aus einem Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid und mindestens einer Substanz ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe, wie Farbstoffen, Antioxidantien, Konservierungsmitteln, Emulgatoren, Gelier-, Verdickungs- und Bindemitteln, Stabilisatoren, Alkalien, Säuren, Salzen, Antiklumpmitteln, Geschmacksverstärkern, Süßstoffen, Aromen, Futtermitteladditiven, chemische Zwischenprodukten, Pflanzenschutzmitteln, wie Herbiziden, Insektiziden, Fungiziden.
- Adsorbat nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Siliciumdioxidgranulat silanisiert ist.
- Farbstoff, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Antioxidans, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Konservierungsmittel, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Emulgator, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Geliermittel, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Verdickungsmittel, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Bindemittel, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Stabilisator, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Alkali, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Säuren, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Salze, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Antiklumpmittel, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Geschmacksverstärker, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Süßstoff, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Aroma, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Futtermitteladditive, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Chemische Zwischenprodukte, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Pflanzenschutzmittel, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Herbizide, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Insektizide, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
- Fungizide, enthaltend ein Granulat auf Basis von pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxid.
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10337198A DE10337198A1 (de) | 2003-08-13 | 2003-08-13 | Träger auf Basis von Granulaten, die aus pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxiden hergestellt sind |
| CNB2004800230417A CN100384727C (zh) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-06-22 | 基于由热解法制备的二氧化硅生产的颗粒的载体 |
| US10/568,012 US20060229210A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-06-22 | Carrier based on granules produced from pyrogenically prepared silicon dioxides |
| KR1020067002992A KR100863453B1 (ko) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-06-22 | 열분해법으로 제조된 이산화규소로부터 제조한 과립을기본으로 하는 캐리어 |
| EP04740149A EP1654197A1 (de) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-06-22 | Träger, basiert auf pyrogen hergestellten siliciumdioxidpartikeln |
| PCT/EP2004/006719 WO2005016823A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-06-22 | Carrier based on granules produced from pyrogenically prepared silicon dioxides |
| JP2006522904A JP2007501762A (ja) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-06-22 | 熱分解法により製造された二酸化ケイ素から製造される顆粒をベースとする担体 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10337198A DE10337198A1 (de) | 2003-08-13 | 2003-08-13 | Träger auf Basis von Granulaten, die aus pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxiden hergestellt sind |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| DE10337198A1 true DE10337198A1 (de) | 2005-03-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| DE10337198A Ceased DE10337198A1 (de) | 2003-08-13 | 2003-08-13 | Träger auf Basis von Granulaten, die aus pyrogen hergestelltem Siliciumdioxiden hergestellt sind |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060229210A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1654197A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2007501762A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR100863453B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN100384727C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10337198A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2005016823A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008006883A1 (de) * | 2008-01-31 | 2009-08-13 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Siliciumdioxid-Dispersion |
| DE102010034392A1 (de) * | 2010-08-13 | 2012-02-16 | Hosni Khalaf | Stabilisiertes Chlorit-Reagenz und damit hergestellte Feststoffmischung für die CIO2-Erzeugung |
| DE102010034392B4 (de) * | 2010-08-13 | 2014-08-28 | Hosni Khalaf | Stabilisiertes Chlorit-Reagenz und damit hergestellte Feststoffmischung für die CIO2-Erzeugung |
| DE102010034695A1 (de) | 2010-08-18 | 2012-02-23 | Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien e.V. | Xerogele mit homogen eingebetteten Lebensmittelzusätzen und Verfahren zur ihrer Herstellung |
| WO2012130701A1 (de) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-04 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Wasch- oder reinigungsmittel mit modifizierten riechstoffen |
| DE102011006315A1 (de) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-04 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel mit modifizierten Riechstoffen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1654197A1 (de) | 2006-05-10 |
| KR20060076762A (ko) | 2006-07-04 |
| JP2007501762A (ja) | 2007-02-01 |
| CN100384727C (zh) | 2008-04-30 |
| CN1835890A (zh) | 2006-09-20 |
| WO2005016823A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
| KR100863453B1 (ko) | 2008-10-16 |
| US20060229210A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
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