DE10335576A1 - Fender on the basis of a compound system for ships comprises a plastic core and a metal, plastic or wooden cover - Google Patents

Abstract

The fender on the basis of a compound system for ships comprises a plastic core (3) and a metal, plastic or wooden cover (4). Independent claims are also included for (a) ships with the proposed fender on their hull outer surface; (b) a method for producing fender bands for ship hulls.

Description

• (i) einen Kunststoffkern und
• (ii) eine Ummantelung des Kunststoffkerns basierend auf Metall, Kunststoff oder Holz, bevorzugt Metall, besonders bevorzugt Stahl oder Eisen, insbesondere Stahl.

The present invention relates to a fender preferably a fender belt on or for ship hulls based on a composite system comprising:

• (i) a plastic core and
• (Ii) a sheath of the plastic core based on metal, plastic or wood, preferably metal, more preferably steel or iron, especially steel.

It also concerns the invention a method for producing the fender and ships containing on the outside the hull is preferred at a height from 0.5 m to 10 m above the waterline of the inventive fender, wherein the fender is preferred on the lateral outer wall attached to the ship, preferably adhered and the fender extend around the entire ship or only parts of the hull can.

Around Ships from shocks or Collisions z. B. with quay walls to offer as z. When maneuvering These are equipped with fenders. For smaller ones Ship types usually become Car tires as a baffle used, but larger ships do not provide adequate protection. In addition, visually appealing Fender desired. In these cases Fenders are used, which consist of a thick U-profile, which circumferentially cover the entire side area of a ship. These must However, by elaborate welds respectively be connected at the bottom and top with the ship. Especially at these welds occur Collisions very high loads. Unfavorable is also the high weight, have such massive U-profiles.

Of the It is an object of the present invention to provide fenders, by their elasticity a high ability to catch bumps and Have collisions, and the resulting forces are not selectively transferred to the ship's wall as described above be, but over a large area entire fender.

• (i) einen Kunststoffkern und
• (ii) eine Ummantelung des Kunststoffkerns basierend auf Metall, Kunststoff oder Holz

eignen.It has now been found that this Fender based on a composite system containing

• (i) a plastic core and
• (ii) a sheath of the plastic core based on metal, plastic or wood

suitable.

by virtue of of the elastic material of the plastic core (i), shocks of the hull, e.g. Captured excellently on quay walls, without a permanent deformation the sheathing or hull is to be feared.

The Fenders according to the invention prefers fender belt preferably have a height between 0.1 m and 2 m and a depth between 0.05 m and 0.7 m on.

The The sheath preferably has a thickness, i. Thickness of the coat from 1 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 3 mm to 8 mm.

Of the Fender or Fender Belt, which is preferably one around the entire hull of the ship current fender is preferably at a height on the outer side positioned in the hull, where usually contact between the hull and jetty occurs.

A schematic representation of an exemplary inventive fender is in the 1 given. In this figure, the abbreviations have the following meaning:

1

ship wall

2

water

3

Plastic core (I)

4

jacket (Ii)

At the inventive method for producing the fenders preferred fender belt is the sheathing (ii) on the ship's outer wall attached so that a cavity is created, which is connected to the liquid starting components for making the plastic core (i) is filled. In this case, the sheath (ii) first glued or welded to the hull. This creates a Cavity with the liquid Starting components for the production of the plastic core a) are filled can. The cavity associated with the liquid starting components for the production of (i) filled will be down and on one side, preferably the sea side, and preferably above limited by the sheath (ii), while the second lateral boundary, i. the side to the hull, preferred is limited by the hull.

For bonding the jacket (ii) to the hull, well-known adhesives can be used. Preference is given to using one- or two-component, solvent-free or solvent-containing adhesives based on epoxy resins and / or methacrylates and / or polyurethanes. In this case, the adhesive should preferably ensure a tensile shear strength between the shell (ii) and the hull of greater than MPa. Methods for welding the sheath are general known and diverse described.

Around an outflow the starting components for the production of the plastic core (i) at the contact point between the casing (ii) and the ship's wall To prevent, the sheath (ii) is preferably as far as tight connected to the hull, e.g. glued and / or welded that a running out of the liquid Components after filling is prevented. Furthermore you can see the edges caulk. The sealing can be carried out with conventional plastic, paper or metal foils and / or plates which are glued, for example, welded or be pressed.

The review of Tightness before filling with the starting components is preferably carried out by pressure difference measurement. By the term pressure difference measurement is meant that one trying to find a pressure difference between the cavity and the outside environment beyond a given one Period, for example by trying to establish a or overpressure in relation to to the outside environment to reach. This can be done by usual Vacuum pumps or well-known compressors, the air or Pumping gas into the room can be achieved. Can a stable company or overpressure be generated, this indicates a sufficiently dense cavity, the with the starting components for the production of the plastic core a) filled can be. It should be noted that the openings, the one for filling with the starting components or as vents or as overflow openings provides, also temporarily seals. In this case, if appropriate, at least one of these openings Serve to connect the vacuum pump or compressor to the cavity.

When Material for the sheath (ii) can be used plastic, wood or metal. Preference is given to metal such as iron, steel, copper or Aluminum, more preferably iron or steel. The jacket (ii) can be coated, for example, primed, primed, painted and / or with conventional plastics be coated. Preferably, the sheath (ii) is uncoated and more preferably purified by, for example, conventional sandblasting used.

Prefers adheres the plastic core (i) on the walls of the casing (ii) and the ship's wall. By cleaning and increasing the surface roughness z. B. by sandblasting described above, the liability is clear improved. The blasting is preferred directly before the introduction the components for making the plastic core (i) in the cavity carried out. The surfaces, to which (i) is to adhere are preferably free of inorganic and / or organic matter that reduces adhesion, such as dust, Dirt, oils and fats or generally known as mold release agents.

Prefers you can fill the room to be filled dry. This offers the advantage that in particular to be filled liquid components, the opposite Water are reactive, such as isocyanates, not in undesirable Abreact side reactions. Drying, preferably directly before filling takes place, for example, by means of hot air or by compressed air respectively. Furthermore, you can fill the room by heating the Sheath at 20 to 150 ° C for a duration from 10 to 180 minutes to dry. Preference is given to the one to be filled Cavity through a blower dry, the air through the openings initiates.

The liquid Starting components for the production of the plastic core (i) can through openings be filled in the cavity between the ship's wall and casing (ii). At the openings it is preferable to holes in the casing (ii) with a diameter of 0.5 to 5.0 cm.

The Starting materials for the production of the plastic core (i) are preferred continuous without interruption in a single step in the one to be filled Room entered. The filling of the room can be with usual Conveyors, for example, with high and low pressure machines, preferably high pressure machines, carried out become. Preferably, the filling takes place with a high-pressure machine via a or more, preferably a mixing head, in which the starting components be mixed, in a single step, preferably injection process. In a single injection, that means filling the Space in front of the whole Filling not is interrupted. The starting materials are thus preferred in given a single shot under pressure in the room. this applies especially when the liquid is a reactive mixture which hardens with the reaction.

The capacity can be varied depending on the space to be filled. In order to ensure homogeneous curing of the plastic core (ia), the delivery rate and the delivery device are selected such that the space to be filled can be filled within 0.5 to 20 minutes with the components for producing the plastic core (i). Preference is given to low-pressure and particularly preferably to high-pressure machines, preferably with piston metering, particularly preferably axial piston metering, wherein preferably the storage container with stirrer and preferably tempered and preferably a circuit reservoir mixing head reservoir is present, wherein preferably the discharge is 0.1 to 3 kg / sec.

Prefers is during of the filling process Negative pressure in the to be filled Room created. This offers the advantage that the liquid sucked into the room and also small cavities with the liquid filled out become. Preferred is the negative pressure in the to be filled Space 0.2 to 0.8 bar, d. H. the pressure in the to be filled Shape is 0.8 to 0.2 bar lower than the ambient air pressure. The negative pressure, which can be produced by well-known vacuum pumps is preferably achieved in that via one of the openings in the sheath (ii) the negative pressure is applied. About the further openings the starting materials are registered. The amounts of starting materials for the production of the plastic core are difficult to be sized so that just the room to be filled filled will, but an overflow is prevented. Therefore, a larger amount of starting components is preferred given into the room, as this can accommodate. Once the cavity Completely filled is, by the increase of the liquid in the tube, the preferred is transparent, the filling finished and the openings be closed. The closing of the openings, for example with a plastic or Metal plugs, preferably with a screw cap.

preferred Materials for the plastic core are polyisocyanate polyaddition products. In this Case exist the liquid ones Starting components for the production of the plastic core (i) from (a) isocyanates and (b) versus Isocyanate-reactive compounds and optionally additives such as gases, catalysts, auxiliaries and / or blowing agents.

Prefers you lead the reaction of (a) and (b) to the plastic core (i) in the presence from 1 to 50% by volume of gases. Preference is given to using (b) polymer polyols one. Preferably leads the reaction is carried out in the presence of blowing agents.

When Isocyanates include the known aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic isocyanates, preferably diisocyanates in question, if appropriate, according to well-known methods may have been biurized and / or isocyanurated. in the Specific examples are: alkylenediisocyanates with 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical, such as 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate, 2-ethyl tetramethylene diisocyanate-1,4, 2-methyl pentamethylene diisocyanate-1,5, 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, Lysine ester diisocyanate (LDI), 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), Cyclohexane-1,3- and / or 1,4-diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotoluylene diisocyanate and the corresponding isomer mixtures, 4,4'-, 2,2'- and 2,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate and the corresponding isomer mixtures, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (IPDI), 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'-, 2,4'- and / or 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates and / or mixtures containing at least two of said isocyanates. In addition, ester, Urea, allophanate, carbodiimide, urethdione and / or urethane groups containing di- and / or polyisocyanates in the process according to the invention be used. Preference is given to 2,4'-, 2,2'- and / or 4,4'-MDI and / or polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates used, more preferably mixtures containing polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates and at least one of the MDI isomers.

When across from Isocyanate-reactive compounds can be, for example, compounds be used as opposed to Isocyanate-reactive groups hydroxyl, thiol and / or primary and / or secondary amino groups and usually have a molecular weight of 60 to 10,000 g / mol, for. As polyols selected from the group of polymer polyols, polyetherpolyalcohols, polyesterpolyalcohols, Polythioether polyols, hydroxyl-containing polyacetals and hydroxyl-containing aliphatic polycarbonates or mixtures of at least two said polyols. These compounds usually have a functionality across from Isocyanates of 2 to 6 and a molecular weight of 400 to 8,000 g / mol and are generally known to the person skilled in the art.

When Gases can commonly known compounds are used which provide a boiling point a pressure of 1 bar of less than -50 ° C, for example Air, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium and / or neon. Prefers air is used. The gases are preferred over the Component i), particularly preferably over the components i) and ii) inert, d. H. a reactivity the gas opposite i) and ii) is hardly, preferably not proven. The use of the Gases are fundamentally different from the usual ones Blowing agent for producing foamed polyurethanes. While usual propellants liquid be used or in the case of gaseous physical blowing agents are soluble in the polyol component to a certain percentage and while either evaporate due to the evolution of heat or but in the case of water due to the reaction with the isocyanate groups gaseous carbon dioxide In the present invention, the gases are preferred already as gaseous Aerosol used for example in the polyol component.

When Catalysts can well-known compounds are used, the reaction of Isocyanates with the opposite Strongly accelerate isocyanate-reactive compounds, preferably a total catalyst content of 0.0001 to 15 wt .-%, in particular 0.05 to 6 wt .-%, based on the weight of the total used across from Isocyanate-reactive compounds, is used.

Of the Reaction mixture for the preparation of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products a) can if necessary aids are incorporated. Examples include fillers, surfactants, Dyes, pigments, flame retardants, hydrolysis protectants, fungistatic, bacteriostatic substances and foam stabilizers.

When Blowing agents can from polyurethane chemistry generally known blowing agents are used, For example, physical and / or chemical blowing agents. such physical blowing agents generally have a boiling point at a pressure of one bar of greater than -50 ° C. Examples of physical Propellants are CFC, HCFC, HFC, aliphatic hydrocarbons, cycloaliphatic Hydrocarbons, each having 4 to 6 carbon atoms or mixtures these substances, for example trichlorofluoromethane (boiling point 24 ° C), chlorodifluoromethane (B.p. -40.8 ° C), dichlorofluoroethane (Boiling point 32 ° C), Chlorodifluoroethane (boiling point -9.2 ° C), dichlorotrifluoroethane (Boiling point 27.1 ° C), Tetrafluoroethane (boiling point -26.5 ° C), hexafluorobutane (Boiling point 24.6 ° C), iso-pentane (Boiling point 28 ° C), n-pentane (b.p. 36 ° C), Cyclopentane (boiling point 49 ° C). As chemical blowing agents, d. H. Propellants that, due to a reaction, for example, with isocyanate groups, form gaseous products come For example, water, water containing hydration, carboxylic acids, tertiary alcohols, z. As t-butanol, carbamates, for example, in the document EP-A 1000955, especially on pages 2, lines 5 to 31 and page 3, lines 21 to 42 described carbamates, carbonates, eg. B. ammonium carbonate and / or ammonium bicarbonate and / or guanidine carbamate into consideration. Preference is given to using water and / or carbamates as blowing agents.

Preferably, the blowing agents are used in an amount sufficient to obtain the preferred density of a) from 350 to 1200 kg / m ³ . This can be determined by simple routine experiments that are well known to those skilled in the art. The propellants are particularly preferably used in an amount of from 0.05 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1 to 5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products. The weight of a) corresponds by definition to the weight of the components i) and ii) used for the preparation of a) and, if appropriate, that of the gases, catalysts, additives and / or blowing agents. To prepare the polyisocyanate polyaddition products according to the invention, the isocyanates i) and the isocyanate-reactive compounds are reacted in amounts such that the equivalence ratio of NCO groups of the isocyanates i) to the sum of the reactive hydrogen atoms of the isocyanate-reactive compounds ii) and optionally the chemical blowing agent is 0.85 to 1.25: 1, preferably 0.95 to 1.15: 1 and in particular 1 to 1.05: 1. If a) contain at least partially bound isocyanurate groups, a ratio of NCO groups to the sum of the reactive hydrogen atoms of from 1.5 to 60: 1, preferably from 1.5 to 8: 1, is usually used.

The Polyisocyanate polyaddition products are usually after the one-shot process or after the prepolymer process, produced for example by means of high-pressure or low-pressure technology. It has proved to be particularly advantageous according to the two-component method to work and the opposite Isocyanate-reactive compounds ii), optionally combined with the blowing agents and optionally combined with the catalysts and / or auxiliaries and preferably intimately mixed with one another, as component A (polyol component) and as component B the isocyanates i) to use.

The Gases can the individual components (a), (b), A and / or B, or the reaction mixture containing (a), (b) and optionally blowing agents, catalysts and / or aids are supplied. The component that is mixed with the gases is usually liquid in front. Preferably, the gases are the isocyanate-reactive compounds (b) mixed. Mixing the appropriate components with the Gases can be made by well-known methods. For example can the gases by well-known loading devices, for example Air loading devices, preferably under pressure, for example from a pressure vessel or compressed by a compressor, e.g. B. through a nozzle of the corresponding Component supplied become. Preference is given to a thorough mixing of the corresponding Component with the gases, allowing gas bubbles in the commonly liquid Component preferably has a size of 0.0001 to 10, preferably 0.0001 to 1 mm.

The content of gases in the reaction mixture for the preparation of (i) can be determined in the return line of the high-pressure machine with well-known measuring devices on the density of the reaction mixture. The content of gases in The reaction mixture may preferably be regulated automatically via a control unit on the basis of this density. The component density can be determined and regulated online during the usual circulation of material in the machine, even at very low circulation rates.

The Starting components for the preparation of the polyisocyanate polyaddition products become common at a temperature of 0 to 100 ° C, preferably mixed from 20 to 60 ° C. and as already described in the cavity between the shell and ship's wall introduced. The mixing can be done mechanically by means of a stirrer or a stirring screw, but preferably take place by the usual in high pressure machines countercurrent principle, in the A and B component beam, in the mixing head below, respectively hit high pressure and mix, with the jet of each Component can also be shared. The reaction temperature, d. H. the temperature at which the reaction takes place is dependent of the material thickness usually> 20 ° C, preferably 50 to 150 ° C.

Claims (9)

Fender based on a composite system comprising: (I) a plastic core and (ii) a sheath of the plastic core based on metal, plastic or wood. Fender according to claim 1, characterized in that the plastic core (i) on a Polyisocyanate polyaddition product based. Fender according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheath (ii) made of iron or steel consists. Fender according to claim 1, characterized in that the fender has a height between 0.1 m and 2 m and a depth between 0.05 m and 0.7 m. Ships containing on the outside of the hull one Fender according to one of claims 1 to 4. Method for producing hulls for ship hulls, characterized in that the casing (ii) on the ship's outer wall is attached, so that a cavity is formed, which is connected to the liquid starting components for making the plastic core (i) is filled. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the sheath (ii) by means of a one- or two-component, solvent-free or solvent-containing Adhesives based on epoxy resins and / or methacrylates and / or polyurethanes glued to the ship's wall. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the plastic core (i) of a polyisocyanate polyaddition product by reacting a) isocyanate with b) over isocyanate reactive compounds is formed. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the sheath (ii) has openings, through which the liquid Starting components for the production of the plastic core (i) are filled can, and then optionally sealed.