DE10302405A1 - Detecting effect of substances on beta-cell function and mass, for identifying agents for treating late stages of diabetes type II, comprises immunoblotting and mitogen-activated protein kinase and pull-down assays - Google Patents
Detecting effect of substances on beta-cell function and mass, for identifying agents for treating late stages of diabetes type II, comprises immunoblotting and mitogen-activated protein kinase and pull-down assays Download PDFInfo
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- DE10302405A1 DE10302405A1 DE2003102405 DE10302405A DE10302405A1 DE 10302405 A1 DE10302405 A1 DE 10302405A1 DE 2003102405 DE2003102405 DE 2003102405 DE 10302405 A DE10302405 A DE 10302405A DE 10302405 A1 DE10302405 A1 DE 10302405A1
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein neues Nachweisverfahren zur Wirkung verschiedener Substanzen, die als Aktivierungseffektoren bekannt sind, auf die Funktion und Masse der insulinproduzierenden beta-Zellen in späten Phasen des Diabetes mellitus Typ II.The present invention relates to a new detection method for the effect of different substances, which are known as activation effectors, on the function and Mass of insulin-producing beta cells in late stages of diabetes mellitus Type II
Hintergrund der Erfindungbackground the invention
Beim Diabetes mellitus Typ II kommt
es in späten
Krankheitsphasen zu einer Verminderung der Masse und Funktion insulinproduzierender
beta-Zellen der Bauchspeicheldrüse.
Ein neuer Therapieansatz ist daher die Verabreichung spezifischer
Stoffe, die als Aktivierungseftektoren den Zelltod verhindern und
eine Steigerung der Proliferation der beta-Zellen bewirken. Als Aktivierungseffektoren
sind vor allem die Peptidhormone Insulin, Glucagon und gastrisches
Peptid (GIP) bekannt, die in einem bislang noch nicht vollständig aufgeklärten, sehr
komplexen Regulationsnetzwerk den Glucose-Metabolismus durch gegenseitige
Beeinflussung regulieren. Es ist bekannt, dass das Glucagon-like-Peptid (GLP-1) die Insulinsekretion
stimuliert (WO 9325579). Die
Allerdings gibt es noch kein standardisiertes Nachweisverfahren, um die Wirksamkeit dieser Substanzen auf Funktion und Masse der beta-Zellen unter zellnahen Bedingungen zu testen und ihre Wirkung besonders in den späten Phasen des Diabetes mellitus Typ II, also bei einem Versiegen der Insulinsekretion, zu überprüfen.However, there is still no standardized verification procedure to the effectiveness of these substances on function and mass of beta cells under to test cell-close conditions and their effect especially in the late Phases of type II diabetes mellitus, i.e. when the Insulin secretion, check.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die beschriebenen Nachteile im Stand der Technik zu beseitigen und ein geeignetes Verfahren zum Nachweis der Wirkung verschiedener Substanzen auf Funktion und Masse der insulinproduzierenden beta-Zellen bereitzustellen.Object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages described in the prior art and a suitable method for demonstrating the effect of various Substances on the function and mass of insulin-producing beta cells provide.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Bereitstellung eines Verfahrens gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by the Provided a method according to claim 1 solved.
Im komplexen Regulationsnetzwerk des Glucose-Metabolismus gehören zu den Aktivierungseftektoren, die den Zelltod verhindern und eine Steigerung der Proliferation der beta-Zellen bewirken, auch die GTPasen ras und rap. Sie können in zwei biochemisch verschiedenen Zuständen vorkommen, in der GDP-gebundenen inaktiven Form und der GTP-gebundenen aktiven Form. Ras ist auch als starker Aktivator der mitogenen Signalkaskade bekannt, was sich tragischerweise darin zeigt, dass 15 % aller menschlichen Tumoren ras-Mutationen tragen. Rap ist ein Antagonist zu ras, da es dessen oncogene Signale über Hemmung des ras-Effektor raf-1 und MAPK (Mitogen activated protein kinase)-Aktivierung zu unterdrücken vermag.In the complex regulatory network of glucose metabolism to the activation deflectors that prevent cell death and a Which also increase the proliferation of beta cells GTPasen ras and rap. You can occur in two biochemically different states, in the GDP-bound inactive form and the GTP-bound active form. Ras is too known as a strong activator of the mitogenic signal cascade tragically it shows that 15% of all human tumors bear ras mutations. Rap is an antagonist to ras because of it oncogene signals about Inhibition of the ras effector raf-1 and MAPK (Mitogen activated protein suppress kinase) activation can.
Überraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, dass ras und rap auf besondere Weise die Funktion und Masse der insulinproduzierenden beta-Zellen in der Bauchspeicheldrüse steuern. Sie werden in den beta-Zellen gemeinsam mit ihren downstream Kinasen raf-1 und B-raf exprimiert. Entscheidend ist, dass ihre Funktion bei der GLP-1-induzierten Steuerung der Insulinproduktion durch die beta-Zellen der Bauchspeicheldrüse nicht starr festgelegt, sondern Glucose-abhängig geregelt ist. Bei Stimulation der beta-Zellen mit GLP-1 bei hohem Glucosegehalt (bis 15 mM Glucose) und in Gegenwart von GLP-1 zeigt sich eine Glucose-abhängige synergistische Aktivierung der Signalkaskade durch MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) und CREB (cAMP response element binder). Bei niedrigem Glucosegehalt (bis 2.5 mM Glucose) hat rap nur noch einen geringen Einfluss bei der Aktivierung der Signalkaskade durch MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) und CREB (cAMP response element binder) oder wirkt sogar als Inhibitor.Surprisingly it has now been found that ras and rap have a special function and Control the mass of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. They are in the beta cells together with their downstream kinases raf-1 and B-raf. It is crucial that their function in the GLP-1-induced control of the Insulin production by the pancreatic beta cells does not is fixed rigidly, but is regulated depending on glucose. When stimulated of beta cells with GLP-1 with high glucose content (up to 15 mM glucose) and in the presence of GLP-1, a glucose-dependent synergistic is shown Activation of the signal cascade by MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) and CREB (cAMP response element binder). With low glucose content (up to 2.5 mM glucose) rap has only a minor influence the activation of the signal cascade by MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) and CREB (cAMP response element binder) or works even as an inhibitor.
Folgende Ergebnisse aus Experimenten erläutern den Erfindungsgegenstand:
- Ergebnis 1: MAPK und CREB-Signalkaskade werden synergistisch durch Glucose und GLP-1 in INS-1E-Zellen und humane Inselzellen aktiviert.
- Ergebnis 2: rap und ras beeinflussen die Aktivierung von MAPK und CREB in INS-1 E-Zellen und humanen Inselzellen.
- Ergebnis 3: rap und ras wirken auf die Aktivierung von MAPK und CREB in INS-1 E-Zellen.
- Ergebnis 4: rap und ras haben Signalwirkung in INS-1 E-Zellen
- Ergebnis 5: MAPK und CREB werden Glucose-abhängig durch PI3K und PKB nach Stimulation mit GLP-1 in INS-1 E-Zellen aktiviert.
- Result 1: MAPK and CREB signal cascade are activated synergistically by glucose and GLP-1 in INS-1E cells and human islet cells.
- Result 2: rap and ras influence the activation of MAPK and CREB in INS-1 E cells and human islet cells.
- Result 3: rap and ras act on the activation of MAPK and CREB in INS-1 E cells.
- Result 4: rap and ras have a signal effect in INS-1 E cells
- Result 5: MAPK and CREB are activated glucose-dependent by PI3K and PKB after stimulation with GLP-1 in INS-1 E cells.
Ergebnis 1 belegt, dass MAPK und CREB-Signalkaskade synergistisch durch Glucose und GLP-1 in INS-1E-Zellen und humanen Inselzellen aktiviert werden. Die INS-1E-Zellen werden mit elk-1 oder CREB Transaktivatorplasmid transfiziert und die Aktivierung von elk-1 oder CREB durch die Luziferaseaktivität des cotransfizierten Reporterplasmid (Firma Strategene) sichtbar. Die INS-1 E-Zellen werden 16 h mit verschiedenen Glucosekonzentrationen in Gegenwart von 10 nM GLP-1 stimuliert. Die gemessene Luziferase-Aktivität der INS-1 E-Zellen stimuliert mit 2.5 mM Glucose ohne GLP-1 wird als 1 gesetzt.Result 1 proves that MAPK and CREB signal cascade synergistic through glucose and GLP-1 in INS-1E cells and human Islet cells are activated. The INS-1E cells are labeled with elk-1 or CREB transactivator plasmid and transfected the activation of elk-1 or CREB by the luciferase activity of the cotransfected reporter plasmid (Strategene company) visible. The INS-1 E cells are with for 16 h different glucose concentrations in the presence of 10 nM GLP-1 stimulated. The measured luciferase activity of the INS-1 E cells stimulated with 2.5 mM glucose without GLP-1 is set as 1.
Die humanen Inselzellen werden in 2.5 mN oder 15 mM Glucose equilibriert und mit 10 nM GLP-1 für 10 Minuten stimuliert. Anschließend werden MAPK Assays mit 5 μg Zellysat und GST-EERK-2 und Myelin basic Protein (MBP) (Upstate Biotechnoloy, Waltham, MA) als Substrat durchgeführt. Die Phosphorylierung von GST-ERK-2 (New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA) und MBP wird durch Immunoblotting mit Phosphorylierungs-spezifischen Antikörpern (Upstate Biotechnoloy, Waltham, MA) nachgewiesen.The human islet cells are equilibrated in 2.5 mN or 15 mM glucose and stimulated with 10 nM GLP-1 for 10 minutes. Then who carried out the MAPK assays with 5 μg cell lysate and GST-EERK-2 and myelin basic protein (MBP) (Upstate Biotechnoloy, Waltham, MA) as substrate. The phosphorylation of GST-ERK-2 (New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA) and MBP is detected by immunoblotting with phosphorylation-specific antibodies (Upstate Biotechnoloy, Waltham, MA).
Die CREB Aktivierung erfolgt durch Glucose und GLP-1 in humanen Inselzellen. Gleiche Mengen an Inselzellen wie oben genannt werden stimuliert, die Zellen werden lysiert und 10 μg Protein wird auf einem SDS-PAGE elektrophoretisch getrennt und im Western-Verfahren geblottet. Die Menge an CREB-Phosphorylierung wird durch Aktivierungs-spezifische Antikörper für pCREB Ser133 (New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA) nachgewiesen.CREB activation takes place through glucose and GLP-1 in human islet cells. Equal amounts of islet cells as mentioned above are stimulated, the cells are lysed and 10 μg protein is electrophoretically separated on an SDS-PAGE and blotted using the Western method. The amount of CREB phosphorylation is detected by activation specific antibodies for pCREB Ser 133 (New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA).
Ergebnis 2 beweist den Einfluss von rap und ras auf die Aktivierung von MAPK und CREB in INS-1 E-Zellen und humanen Inselzellen. INS-1 E-Zellen werden mit elk-1 oder CREB Transaktivatorplasmiden transfiziert. Zusätzlich werden die INS-1 E-Zellen mit einem Kontrollplasmid oder verschiedenen Kombinationen von Expressionsvektoren, die für Wildtyp ras, rap, raf-1 und B-raf kodieren transfiziert (lacovelli L, Capobianco L, Salvatore L, Sallese M, D'Ancona GM und De Blasi A, Molecular Pharmacology 2001, 60: 924–33). Die INS-1E-Zellen werden für 16 h mit verschiedenen Glucose-Konzentrationen und 10 nM GLP-1 stimuliert. Die Aktivierung von elk-1 oder CREB ist durch Luziferaseaktivität eines cotransfizierten Reporterplasmid sichtbar. Die Luziferaseaktivität der mit einem Kontrollplasmid transfizierten INS-1 E-Zellen wird bei den verschiedenen Stimulationskonditionen als 1 gesetzt. Zur Aktivierung von MAPK in humanen Inselzellen werden humane Inselzellen in 2.5 mN oder 15 mM Glucose equilibriert und mit 10 nM GLP-1 für 10 Minuten stimuliert. Anschließend werden die Zellen lysiert und mit 10 mg Protein wird eine Immunpräzipitation mit Antikörpern für raf-1, B-raf H-ras und rap 1 durchgeführt (bezogen über Beckton Dickinson, Heidelberg und Santa Cruz, Biotechnology, CA). MAPK Assays werden mit GST-EERK-2 (beschrieben bei lacovelli L, Capobianco L, Salvatore L, Sallese M, D'Ancona GM und De Blasi A, Molecular Pharmacology 2001, 60: 924–33) und MBP als Substrate durchgeführt. Die Phosphorylierung von GST-ERK-2 und MBP wird durch Immunoblotting mit Phosphorylierungs-spezifischen Antikörpern (New England Biolabs) nachgewiesen. Zum Nachweis der Bindung von aktivem ras und rap an raf-1 und B-raf werden humane Inselzellen stimuliert, lysiert und die Zell-Lysate über Sepharose-beads, die das GST-Fusionsprotein raf-1-RBD (beschrieben bei lacovelli L, Capobianco L, Salvatore L, Sallese M, D'Ancona GM und De Blasi A, Molecular Pharmacology 2001, 60: 924–33) zur Detektion des aktiven ras und Ral-GDS-RBD für die Detektion von aktivem rap tragen, aufgereinigt. Die Proteine werden auf einem SDS-PAGE elektrophoretisch getrennt, und das GTP-gebundene aktive ras und rap wird durch Immunoblotting mit Antikörpern gegen ras und rap nachgewiesen. Als Kontrolle dienen Ansätze für rap und ras mit gleichen Mengen an Zell-Lysat. Die Aktivierung von MAPK und CREB durch ras und rap erfolgt bei verschiedenen Stimulationskonditionen.Result 2 proves the influence of rap and ras on the activation of MAPK and CREB in INS-1 E cells and human islet cells. INS-1 will become E cells transfected with elk-1 or CREB transactivator plasmids. In addition the INS-1 E cells with a control plasmid or various Combinations of expression vectors for wild type ras, rap, raf-1 and B-raf encode transfected (lacovelli L, Capobianco L, Salvatore L, Sallese M, D'Ancona GM and De Blasi A, Molecular Pharmacology 2001, 60: 924-33). The INS-1E cells are used for Stimulated for 16 h with different glucose concentrations and 10 nM GLP-1. The activation of elk-1 or CREB is one by luciferase activity cotransfected reporter plasmid visible. The luciferase activity of with a control plasmid transfected INS-1 E cells is used in the different stimulation conditions set as 1. To activate MAPK in human islet cells turns human islet cells into 2.5 mN or 15 mM glucose equilibrated and with 10 nM GLP-1 for 10 minutes stimulated. Subsequently the cells are lysed and immunoprecipitation with 10 mg protein with antibodies for raf-1, B-raf H-ras and rap 1 performed (obtained from Beckton Dickinson, Heidelberg and Santa Cruz, Biotechnology, CA). MAPK assays are performed with GST-EERK-2 (described by lacovelli L, Capobianco L, Salvatore L, Sallese M, D'Ancona GM and De Blasi A, Molecular Pharmacology 2001, 60: 924-33) and MBP performed as substrates. The phosphorylation of GST-ERK-2 and MBP is by immunoblotting with phosphorylation-specific antibodies (New England Biolabs) demonstrated. To detect the binding of active ras and rap to raf-1 and B-raf are stimulated, lysed and the human islet cells Cell lysates via Sepharose beads that described the GST fusion protein raf-1-RBD ( at lacovelli L, Capobianco L, Salvatore L, Sallese M, D'Ancona GM and De Blasi A, Molecular Pharmacology 2001, 60: 924-33) for the detection of the active ras and Ral-GDS-RBD for the detection of active rap wear, cleaned up. The proteins are separated electrophoretically on an SDS-PAGE, and the GTP-bound active ras and rap is detected by immunoblotting with antibodies against ras and rap proven. Approaches for rap and ras with equal amounts of cell lysate. Activation of MAPK and CREB by ras and rap takes place at different stimulation conditions.
Ergebnis 3 zeigt die Interaktion zwischen rap und ras auf die Aktivierung von MAPK und CREB in INS-1 E-Zellen. INS-1 E-Zellen werden mit elk-1 oder CREB Transaktivatorplasmiden transfiziert. Zusätzlich werden die INS-1 E-Zellen mit einem Kontrollplasmid oder verschiedenen Kombinationen von Expressionsvektoren, die für aktiviertes ras (H-rasQ61L), aktiviertes rap (H-rapG12V) oder negativ dominantes ras (H-rasS17N) oder rap (H-rapS17N) kodieren transfiziert. Die INS-1E-Zellen werden für 16 h mit verschiedenen Glucose-Konzentrationen und 10 nM GLP-1 stimuliert. Die Aktivierung von elk-1 oder CREB ist durch Luziferaseaktivität eines cotransfizierten Reporterplasmid sichtbar. Die Luziferaseaktivität der mit einem Kontrollplasmid transfizierten INS-1E-Zellen wird bei den verschiedenen Stimulationskonditionen als 1 gesetzt. Die Aktivierung von MAPK und CREB durch aktiviertes und negatives ras und rap erfolgt bei verschiedenen Stimulationsbedingungen.Result 3 shows the interaction between rap and ras on the activation of MAPK and CREB in INS-1 E cells. INS-1 E cells are transfected with elk-1 or CREB transactivator plasmids. In addition, the INS-1 E cells with a control plasmid or various combinations of expression vectors which are for activated ras (H-ras Q61L ), activated rap (H-rap G12V ) or negatively dominant ras (H-ras S17N ) or rap ( H-rap S17N ) encode transfected. The INS-1E cells are stimulated with different glucose concentrations and 10 nM GLP-1 for 16 h. The activation of elk-1 or CREB is visible through the luciferase activity of a cotransfected reporter plasmid. The luciferase activity of the INS-1E cells transfected with a control plasmid is set as 1 in the different stimulation conditions. MAPK and CREB are activated by activated and negative ras and rap under different stimulation conditions.
Ergebnis 4 zeigt den Mechanismus der Signalwirkung von rap und ras in INS-1E-Zellen. Die Transfektion der INS-1 E-Zellen erfolgt mit elk-1 oder CREB Transaktivatorplasmiden. INS-1 E-Zellen werden mit aktiviertem ras und aktiviertem rap transfiziert. Die Zellen werden anschlie ßend mit Wortmannin behandelt oder cotransfiziert mit PKI, dominant negative GEFII (N. Ozaki. et al. Nat. Cell. Biol. 2, 805 (2000)) oder raf-1. Die INS-1 E-Zellen werden für 16 h mit verschiedenen Glucose-Konzentrationen und 10 nM GLP-1 stimuliert. Die Aktivierung von elk-1 oder CREB ist durch Luziferaseaktivität eines cotransfizierten Reporterplasmid sichtbar. Die Luziferaseaktivität der mit aktiviertem rap oder ras transfizierten INS-1 E-Zellen wird bei den verschiedenen Stimulationskonditionen als 1 gesetzt. Das Zusammenwirken von GEFII, PI3K, PKA und raf-1 im Fall von MAPK und CREB Aktivierung durch ras und rap erfolgt bei den verschiedenen Stimulationskonditionen.Result 4 shows the mechanism the signaling effect of rap and ras in INS-1E cells. The transfection INS-1 E cells are made with elk-1 or CREB transactivator plasmids. INS-1 E cells are transfected with activated ras and activated rap. The cells then become treated with Wortmannin or cotransfected with PKI, dominant negative GEFII (N. Ozaki. Et al. Nat. Cell. Biol. 2, 805 (2000)) or raf-1. The INS-1 E cells be for 16 h with different glucose concentrations and stimulated 10 nM GLP-1. Activation of elk-1 or CREB is due to luciferase activity of a cotransfected reporter plasmid visible. The luciferase activity of with activated rap or ras transfected INS-1 E cells the different stimulation conditions as 1. The interaction of GEFII, PI3K, PKA and raf-1 in the case of MAPK and CREB activation ras and rap are used for the various stimulation conditions.
Ergebnis 5 zeigt die Glucose-abhängige Aktivierung von MAPK und CREB durch PI3K und PKB nach Stimulation mit GLP-1 in INS-1 E-Zellen. INS-1 E-Zellen werden mit elk-1 (A) oder CREB (B) Transaktivatorplasmiden transfiziert. Zusätzlich werden die INS-1 E-Zellen mit einem Kontrollplasmid oder aktiviertem p110a (p110 aCAAX) oder PKBa (PKBmyr) (Upstate) transfiziert. Die INS-1 E-Zellen werden für 16 h mit verschiedenen Glucose-Konzentrationen und 10 nM GLP-1 stimuliert. Die Aktivierung von elk-1 oder CREB ist durch Luziferaseaktivität eines cotransfizierten Reporterplasmid sichtbar. Die Luziferaseaktivität der mit einem Kontrollplasmid transfizierten INS-1 E-Zellen wird bei den verschiedenen Stimulationskonditionen als 1 gesetzt.Result 5 shows the glucose-dependent activation of MAPK and CREB by PI3K and PKB after stimulation with GLP-1 in INS-1 E cells. INS-1 E cells are made with elk-1 (A) or CREB (B) transactivator plasmids transfected. additionally the INS-1 E cells with a control plasmid or activated p110a (p110 aCAAX) or PKBa (PKBmyr) (Upstate) transfected. The INS-1 E cells are used for 16 h stimulated with different glucose concentrations and 10 nM GLP-1. The activation of elk-1 or CREB is one by luciferase activity cotransfected reporter plasmid visible. The luciferase activity of with a control plasmid transfected INS-1 E cells is used in the different stimulation conditions set as 1.
Zusammenfassend belegen die Ausführungsbeispiele, dass Glucose und das Peptidhormon GLP-1 synergistisch die Insulinsekretion in den beta-Zellen stimulieren und eine Vielzahl der beta-Zellfunktionen, wie Wachstum, Insulinbiosynthese, Expression früher Gene, Aktivierung der mitogenen Signalkaskade durch MAPK, PKA, CREB, PKB koordinieren. Eine wichtige Funktion haben dabei die GTPasen ras und rap.In summary, the execution Example that glucose and the peptide hormone GLP-1 synergistically stimulate insulin secretion in the beta cells and coordinate a variety of beta cell functions, such as growth, insulin biosynthesis, expression of early genes, activation of the mitogenic signaling cascade by MAPK, PKA, CREB, PKB. The GTPases ras and rap have an important function.
Ausführungsbeispieleembodiments
- 1. Transfektion der Inselzellen INS-1 E Zellen (Asfari et al. vide sura; Passage 30–40) werden auf 96 well Zell-Kulturschalen übertragen und mit RPMI 1640 Medium (Gibco) mit 10% Kälberserum (Sigma, Deisenhofen, FRG) kultiviert. Die Methode wurde beschrieben in Trümper K, Trümper A, Trusheim N, Arnold R, Goke B und Hörsch D: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2000, 921: 242–50. Die Zellen werden zweimal mit PBS gewaschen und mit einem kommerziell erhältlichen Luciferase Reportergen (pFR-Luc) und entweder ELK1 (pFA-2-EIk1) oder CREB (pFA-CREB) Transactivatordomäne (Stratgene, La Jolla, CA) durch lipid-based Transfection (Invitrogen, Groningen, Niederlande) nach Herstellerangaben und Standardprotokoll für 8h in Medium ohne Serum transient transfiziert.1. Transfection of the islet cells INS-1 E cells (Asfari et al. Vide sura; passage 30-40) are transferred to 96 well cell culture dishes and with RPMI 1640 Medium (Gibco) with 10% calf serum (Sigma, Deisenhofen, FRG) cultivated. The method was described in Trümper K, Trümper A, Trusheim N, Arnold R, Goke B and Hörsch D: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2000, 921: 242-50. The Cells are washed twice with PBS and with a commercial available Luciferase reporter gene (pFR-Luc) and either ELK1 (pFA-2-EIk1) or CREB (pFA-CREB) Transactivator domain (Stratgene, La Jolla, CA) through lipid-based transfection (Invitrogen, Groningen, Netherlands) according to the manufacturer's instructions and standard protocol for 8 hours in medium without serum transient transfected.
- 2. Stimulation der Inselzellen Nach Kultivierung der Zellen und einer Fungerphase von 24h in RPMI 1640 ohne Kälberserum werden die INS·1 Zellen bei verschiedenen Glukosekonzentrationen (2,5 bis 20 mM in Gegenwart von GLP-1 (10 nM und 100 nM; Bachem, Bubendorf, C4) für 20 h stimuliert. In allen Experimenten wird ein Vektor mit Beta-Galactosidase Gen (pcDNA3.1lacz; Invitrogen) unter der Kontrolle des Cytomegalovirus Promotor cotransfiziert, um die Beta-Galactosidase-Aktivität im Zell-Lysat als interne Kontrolle für nicht-spezifische Transkription zu bestimmen.2. Islet cell stimulation After culturing the cells and a 24h fungi phase in RPMI 1640 without calf serum the INS · 1 Cells at different glucose concentrations (2.5 to 20 mM in Presence of GLP-1 (10 nM and 100 nM; Bachem, Bubendorf, C4) stimulated for 20 h. In all experiments, a vector with the beta-galactosidase gene (pcDNA3.1lacz; Invitrogen) under the control of the cytomegalovirus Promoter cotransfected to beta-galactosidase activity in cell lysate as internal Control for to determine non-specific transcription.
- 3. Messung der Luciferaseaktivität Die CREB und MAPK Aktivität als Maß der Zell-Proliferation wird durch die Luciferaseaktivität bestimmt. Nach 16 h Inkubation bei 37°C wird Luciferaseaktivität im ELISA-Reader gemessen.3. Measurement of luciferase activity The CREB and MAPK activity as a measure of cell proliferation is determined by the luciferase activity. After 16 h incubation at 37 ° C becomes luciferase activity measured in the ELISA reader.
- 4. Analyse der Aktivierung Die Daten der Luciferaseaktivität werden zu einem Aktivierungsmuster verarbeitet und dargestellt. An diesem Aktivierungsmuster ist eine rap-Aktivierung direkt ablesbar. Die rap-Aktivität wird als prozentuale Relation im Vergleich zu einer Stimulation der Zellen mit 10 mM Glukose und 10% Kälberserum bestimmt.4. Analysis of activation The data of the luciferase activity will be processed and displayed in an activation pattern. At this Activation pattern is a rap activation directly readable. The rap activity will as a percentage relation compared to a stimulation of the cells with 10 mM glucose and 10% calf serum certainly.
- 5. Kontrollversuche Die positiv bewerteten Zellen werden durch bekannte zellbiologische Methoden (RAL-GDS-RBD pulldown und rap1-Immunoblot; B-Raf IP und Rap1 Immunoblot, rap-IP und in vitro MAPK Assay) in INS-1 E Zellen, Ratteninselzellen und humanen Inselzellen kontrolliert.5. Control attempts The positive cells will be through known cell biological methods (RAL-GDS-RBD pulldown and rap1 immunoblot; B-Raf IP and Rap1 Immunoblot, rap-IP and in vitro MAPK assay) in INS-1 E cells, rat island cells and human islet cells controlled.
- 6. Immunoblotting Die Zellen werden nach Stimulation in eisgekühltem Lysis-Puffer (Trümper K, Trümper A, Trusheim N, Arnold R, Goke B und Hörsch D: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2000, 921: 242–50) lysiert, auf einem 10 % SDS-PAGE elektrophoretisch aufgetrennt, in einem Western-Blot auf eine PVDF oder Nitrozellulose-Membran übertragen. Die Proteinbanden werden per Chemilumineszenz sichtbar.6. Immunoblotting The cells are in after stimulation iced Lysis buffer (debris K, debris A, Trusheim N, Arnold R, Goke B and Hörsch D: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2000, 921: 242-50) lysed on a 10th % SDS-PAGE separated electrophoretically, in a Western blot transmit a PVDF or nitrocellulose membrane. The protein bands become visible through chemiluminescence.
- 7. MAPK Assay MAPK-Assays werden wie bei Marais et al. 1997 durchgeführt (Marais R, Light Y, Paterson HF, Mason CS and Marshall CJ: Journal of Bioloical Chemistry 1997, 272: 4378–83), wobei Zell-Lysat oder immunpräzipitierte Proteine mit GST-MEK-1 und GST-ERK-2 (Upstate Biotechnology, Waltham, MA) für 30 min bei 30°C inkubiert werden. Die Aktivität von GST-ERK2 wird durch das Substrat MBP bestimmt oder durch Im munoblotting eines Aliquots mit Phospho-ERK1/2 Antikörper (Santa Cruz Biotechnologie, CA).7. MAPK assay MAPK assays are carried out as in Marais et al. Carried out in 1997 (Marais R, Light Y, Paterson HF, Mason CS and Marshall CJ: Journal of Bioloical Chemistry 1997, 272: 4378-83), wherein cell lysate or immunoprecipitated Proteins with GST-MEK-1 and GST-ERK-2 (Upstate Biotechnology, Waltham, MA) for 30 min at 30 ° C be incubated. The activity GST-ERK2 is determined by the substrate MBP or by immunoblotting an aliquot with phospho-ERK1 / 2 antibody (Santa Cruz biotechnology, CA).
- 8. Pull-down Assay zur Bestimmung von aktivem ras und rap Zell-Lysat wird auf Sepharose beads mit gebundenen GST Fusionsprotein raf-1-RBD für die Detektion von aktivem ras und Ral-GDS-RBD für die Detektion von aktivem rap (lacovelli L, Capobianco L, Salvatore L, Sallese M, D'Ancona GM und De Blasi A, Molecular Pharmacology 2001, 60: 924–33) aufgebracht. Nach waschen der Probe in Lyse-Puffer (Trümper K, Trümper A, Trusheim N, Arnold R, Goke B und Hörsch D: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2000, 921: 242–50), werden die Proteine durch SDS-Page und GTP-gebundenem aktiven ras und rap durch Immunoblotting mit Antikörpern gegen ras und rap detektiert. Die vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiele wurden für die Stimulation durch GLP-1 beschrieben. Das Nachweisverfahren zur Beeinflussung der Funktion und Masse der insulinproduzierenden beta-Zellen in späten Phasen des Diabetes mellitus Typ II ist aber ebenso für weitere bekannten Aktivierungseffektoren, wie GLP-1-Analoga und rap-Agonisten anwendbar und wird zur Analyse auf deren Wirksamkeit und Wirkmechanismus eingesetzt.8. Pull-down assay for the determination of active ras and rap Cell lysate is made on Sepharose beads with bound GST fusion protein raf-1-RBD for the Detection of active ras and Ral-GDS-RBD for the detection of active rap (lacovelli L, Capobianco L, Salvatore L, Sallese M, D'Ancona GM and De Blasi A, Molecular Pharmacology 2001, 60: 924-33). After wash the sample in lysis buffer (debris K, debris A, Trusheim N, Arnold R, Goke B and Hörsch D: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2000, 921: 242-50), the proteins are made by SDS-Page and GTP-bound active ras and rap by immunoblotting with antibodies detected against ras and rap. The present exemplary embodiments were for the stimulation described by GLP-1. The verification procedure for Influencing the function and mass of insulin-producing beta cells in late Phases of type II diabetes mellitus is also for others known activation effectors, such as GLP-1 analogs and rap agonists applicable and is used for analysis of their effectiveness and mechanism of action.
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| DE (1) | DE10302405A1 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6207148B1 (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 2001-03-27 | Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Disease associated protein kinases |
-
2003
- 2003-01-21 DE DE2003102405 patent/DE10302405A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6207148B1 (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 2001-03-27 | Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Disease associated protein kinases |
Non-Patent Citations (8)
| Title |
|---|
| BERNAL-MIZRACHI,Ernesto, et.al.: Activation of Elk-1, an Ets transcription factor, by glucose and EGF treatment of insulinoma cells. In: AM. J. Physiol Endocrinol. Metab. (2001) 281 (6) S.E1286-E1299 * |
| BERNAL-MIZRACHI,Ernesto, et.al.: Activation of Elk-1, an Ets transcription factor, by glucose and EGF treatment of insulinoma cells. In: AM. J. Physiol Endocrinol. Metab. (2001) 281 (6) S.E1286-E1299; |
| EHSES,Jan A., et.al.: Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Activates the Raf-Mek 1/2-ERK1/2 Module via a Cyclic AMP/cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase/Rap1-mediated Pathway. In: The Journal Of Biological Chemistry, Vol.277, No.40, 2002, S.37088-37097 * |
| EHSES,Jan A., et.al.: Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Activates the Raf-Mek 1/2-ERK1/2 Module via a Cyclic AMP/cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase/Rap1-mediated Pathway. In: The Journal Of Biological Chemistry, Vol.277, No.40, 2002, S.37088-37097; |
| KEMP,Daniel M., HABENER,Joel F.: Synergistic effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-stimulated insulin secretion and gene transcription in INS-1 cells: characterization and implications. In: Biochemical Pharmacology 64 (2002), S.689-697 * |
| KEMP,Daniel M., HABENER,Joel F.: Synergistic effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-stimulated insulin secretion and gene transcription in INS-1 cells: characterization and implications. In: Biochemical Pharmacology 64 (2002), S.689-697; |
| reichen? In: Mitteilungen der deutschen Patentanwälte, 2003, H.2, Jg.94, S.57-64; |
| WOLFRAM,Markus: "Reach-Through Claims" und "Reach-Through Licensing" - Wie weit kann Patentschutz auf biotechnologische Research Tools * |
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