DE1030101B - Methods for maintaining, rebuilding and increasing compression in internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

LIBRARY

DESDEUTSGHEN

PATENT OFFICE

An earlier suggestion by the inventor made it known, by chemical means, compression in combustion engines to maintain, rebuild and increase. This is the effect of this achieved that in the combustion chamber with the fuel a mixture of heavy metal salts organic Acids are introduced, creating a multi-metallic sealing between the cylinder walls and the piston Deposits arise, which at the same time reduce the friction between the cylinder wall and the piston, which in turn spares the entire power transmission mechanism.

The metals to be used consist of lead and copper and / or zinc, possibly tin. as Acids are all aromatic and aliphatic acids, z. B. benzoic acid, naphthoic acid, Cinnamic acid, butyric acid, stearic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, oleic acid, etc.

From the outset it has been found to be necessary that the metal salts are finely distributed, namely in Solution, are present and that several of the salts in question reach the combustion chamber at the same time, d. H., it is therefore necessary that the simultaneous solution of several salts is guaranteed and that these in sufficient Amount and in a suitable ratio to one another are present in the fuel.

The known method should preferably be carried out in such a way that the fuel a added a small amount of acid and then the mixture with a majority of the metals mentioned for reaction is brought. The relevant salts are formed during this process. These can also be added to the fuel as such be added, although that procedure was preferred in the known method which the salts in the fuel mixture are only formed. It was assumed that thereby the desired good distribution is guaranteed.

In the practical use of the known method, in some cases, both in the reaction of the acids dissolved in the fuel with the metals lead and copper and / or zinc and / or tin and in the direct addition of the relevant salts to the fuel, Inadequate salt formation or poor solubility of the salts in question in the hydrocarbon mixture can be determined. The uncertainty about the amount of salts or metals introduced into the engine with the fuel and the uncertainty about the composition of the mixture introduced into the combustion chamber turned out to be extremely undesirable, since this was associated with a corresponding discontinuity in the effects.

According to the invention, the disadvantages described are countered in that the fuel is not aqueous Solubilizers or complexing agents are added

to preserve, to rebuild

and to increase compression

in internal combustion engines

Applicant:

Dr. Ernst Drouven, Torri del Benaco,
Verona (Italy)

Representative: Dr. L. Terres-Trip, patent attorney,
Munich 19, Nibelungenstr. 77

Claimed priority:
Netherlands 11 January 1956

Dr. Ernst Drouven, Torri del Benaco, Verona (Italy),
has been named as the inventor

the, through which the formation of real solutions of the metals in question in the fuel in the form of their Salts or complex salts is secured. This is the case both when the salts are added directly as such to the fuel be admixed, as well as when acids are added to the fuel and the mixture with the Metals lead and zinc and / or copper and / or tin are reacted. The addition of the solubilizer also means that not only the total content of the fuel to metals, but also their mixing ratio is guaranteed.

The method according to the invention thus consists in that fuels consisting of hydrocarbons are used, which small amounts of a plurality of in the combustion chamber between the engine and the cylinder wall contain heavy metal salts leading to deposits to be sealed off, the acid part of which from an organic acid and its metal part made from lead and one or more of the metals copper, zinc and possibly there is tin and which also solubilizers for the solution of the salts in the hydrocarbons Substances are added.

When using the described solution of metal salts in the fuels, it is useful if the Solution also contains naphthalene, preferably 25 to 500 times the amount of salt.

HM 510/239

A wide variety of solubilizers are used: A complex salt that corresponds to lead benzoate: Connections in question, such as B. amines, imines, oximes, can be obtained by adding acetoacetic ester, Nitriles, hydroxylamines, monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, the alcohol component of the ester being preferred Phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and also carbon monoxide belong to the lower members of the aliphatic series and nitric oxide. Acids and acid derivatives, too. 5 Such a salt is, for example, lead benzoate (1 Acef- "/ ■ come into question for this. ... · ... ethyl acetate). ■ <. '■: ■ *

When using the solution promoters according to the invention, the following compounds, which are used as complexing agents for promoters for solutions of metal salts in fuel, are advantageously chosen as solubilizers Heavy metals are known from the class of amines: the metal salts are used in amounts of at most 0.1%; '; Aniline, quinoline, ethylamine and diethylamine and their i ° applied, based on the fuel. ϊ-

Homologues; from the class of the imines: ethylene imine; The addition of auxiliary solvents also allows,. ^

from the class of nitriles: benzonitrile, benzyl cyanide, the concentration of salts in fuels zi $ ': $ ; Acetonitrile; from the class of hydroxylamines: Phenyl- increase, for example to the extent that the salts from hydroxylamine, from the class of alcohols and phenols: range to which, when burned from your * 'ethyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, glycol, phenol, * 5 Sulfur or phosphorus content of the fuel forming o-cresol, naphthols; from the class of ethers: to bind ethyl acids. In this way one can obtain diisopropyl ether as well as ether; from the class of aldehydes: the increase in compression also has a corrosive effect; \ Benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, acetaldehyde; from the class protective effect, which extends the life of the ver « ^; of ketones: acetone, acetophenone, diacetyl, benzil, internal combustion engine increased. ';

Acetoacetic ester; from the class of acids and acidic ²⁰ This applies primarily to the operation of diesel derivatives: ethyl acetate, butyric acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, engines when using fuel oils with a ratio of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, oxalic acid, phthalic acid, moderately high Sulfur content. This is of particular importance in ethyl zoate, isopropyl benzoate, alanine, and is important for ship engines. ? '·· ..

Benzamide, succinimide. ,., ■% , 'ί,;,:'!

Some examples of the better solubility of metal ² 5 Example 3

salts in hydrocarbon oils in the presence of *

Solubilizers are the following: For the driving test, a solution of 2 g

Benzoic acid and 50 g of naphthalene in 100 ecm of gasoline

Example 1 prepared and this solution 24 hours on the Schüttet /

3 ° machine shaken in a vessel in which -

A gasoline with a boiling range of 60 to 180 ° C found streaks of lead, zinc and copper. By With 0.1 percent by weight of benzoic acid, a solution which became cloudy became clear in a salt formation Shaking machine for acting on copper powder. Addition of 3 ecm of benzyl alcohol. The one to use After a few hours the gasoline was greenish opal - fuel was obtained in such a way that 6OcCm t: discolored. The coloring took place over 2 days. 35 solution to each 1 l of fuel were added. '

in intensity. After standing quietly for several days, during the test drive with a passenger car

a green-blue sediment under the now again Fiat 1100 became the following after a distance of clear petrol visible. The petrol was found practically 400 km:

copper free. After adding 1 percent by volume of benzyl, all cylinders were compressed

alcohol, the sediment immediately rose to an average of 0.4 atmospheres at 4 ° on shaking. It also turned out to be a clearly green stable solution. that the four cylinders make you almost perfect

Were tied in terms of their compression,

Example 2 while before they were very different from each other.

As a result of the increased compression, the ratio

Gasoline with 0.5% oleic acid was converted into fuel with zinc powder 45 and the ignition timing was changed several times Days shaken. In addition to an ample regulation, which the engine reacts to despite increased power Contained sediment of white zinc salt the protruding had a considerably lower fuel consumption, filtered solution 195 mg zinc per liter. After adding the engine was opened, and it was foundi ■ ·.,

of 1 percent by volume of aniline dissolved over its that any encrustation of the piston heads disappeared: Solubility in addition to zinc oleate present was at around -5 °. The same results were always found in later tests shake up immediately. Image. : ί;

The heavy metal salts themselves can be used after a further 23,400 km

for example, be brought into solution as follows: The widening at different heights of the combustion ^; Heavy metal salt, which was measured on some preparative space and found that since the invention-ways can be obtained, is in benzene on slurried 55 proper operation by practically no expansion or in a mixture of benzene and alcohol. After wear and tear had occurred. The ovalization also remained. '' Adding a complexing agent surprisingly forms an average of 9 microns, faster reaction of the complex salt, which can be seen in example 4

Formation of a homogeneous solution immediately ocular _:

shows due. The solution is then ^{added to the fuel in a corresponding 5} ° 0.5 g copper benzoate, 0.5 g zinc benzoate and 2.0 g dosage. In an analogous manner, lead benzoate was slurried in 1 liter of fuel, and a solution with several metal salts can also be obtained. 10 g of aniline were added to this slurry. Otherwise, the individual After brief shaking, a clear solution emerged, and solutions must be added to the fuel. From this solution, 60 ecm pr® '*

Of course, the complex salts can also be added to 65 liters. ;> {,

isolated from their solution and, as such, resulted in a test drive with a Fiat 500 A car -

turn come. the same results as described in Example 3 '

Salts or corresponding solutions in which there are aniline.

the complexing agent is, for example, copper benzoate. After a long period of driving, naphthalene was added, ;;

(2AnUm) and zinc benzoate (1 aniline). 7 ° to quiet the combustion process to begünstigeni fy

10

Example 5

A mixture of the following three complex salts: copper benzoate (2 aniline), zinc benzoate (1 aniline), lead benzoate (1 Ethylacetessigester), were the fuel in the following amounts, based on 1 1, added: 15.5 mg des Copper complex salt, 24.5 mg of the zinc complex salt, 23.0 mg of the lead complex salt. With the modified one Fuel, the same effects were observed in the driving test as in Example 3.

Example 6

With a 4-cylinder Alfa Romeo engine (1900 ecm Cubic capacity), which had already been driven 92,000 km on regular gasoline, was measured after measuring the Compression in the individual cylinders carried out the following driving test: The tank was with a normal Petrol filled, which contained the following additives per 201 according to the invention: 3.8 ecm lead diethylamine oleate with a lead content of 0.188 g, 3.5 ecm copper diethylamine oleate with a copper content of 0.04 g, 0.5 ecm zinc diethylamine oleate with a zinc content of 0.172 g.

The additives mentioned were prepared as follows: 207 g of lead as lead oxide were introduced into 565 g of heated oleic acid with stirring. This reaction mixture was refluxed for 6 hours with the addition of 200 ecm of gasoline. During the distillation, the water formed during the reaction was removed by azeotropic distillation and caught in a water bag connected in between. After the reaction mixture had cooled to 60 ° C., 144 g of diethylamine were added, and a completely homogeneous liquid resulted. After cooling down completely, this solution was adjusted to a lead content of 0.05 g / cem by adding gasoline.

The copper and zinc diethylamine oleate were prepared in an analogous manner.

The copper solution was adjusted to a copper content of 0.0113 g / cem, the zinc solution to a zinc content of 0.018 g / cem.

After driving 1000 km, the compression pressure was again of the individual cylinders of the engine. The measurement results before and after the trip were as follows:

After driving 2000 and 4000 km, the compression pressure of the individual cylinders of the engine increased again measured. The measurement results before and after the trips were as follows:

cylinder Before the trip After the ride 1
2
3
4th 6.8 atm
8.4 "
5.8 "
8.0 " 8.6 atm
8.4 "
10.0 "
9.0 "

cylinder Before the trip After 2000 km After 4000 km 1
2
3
4th 7.2 atm
Q O
ö, 0 "
0.0 " 9.3 atm
8.5 "
8.7 "
8.7 " 9.1 atm
8.7 "
8.8 "
9.1 "

45

The total compression of the engine had therefore increased from 29.0 to 36.0 atmospheres.

Example 7

55

60

With a Fiat engine (1100 ecm displacement), which had already been driven 37,000 km, was after Measurement of the compression in the individual cylinders.

The tank was filled with normal gasoline, which contained the following additives : lead diisopropylamine stearate, corresponding to 0.094 g lead per liter of gasoline, copper diethylamine acetate, corresponding to 0.002 g copper per liter of gasoline, zinc diethylamine butyrate, corresponding to 0.0086 g zinc per liter of gasoline, tin (II) diethylamine oleate, corresponding to 0.00014 g of tin per liter of gasoline, and 0.3 g of naphthalene per liter.

The additives mentioned had been obtained analogously to the manufacturing instructions given in Example 6.

The total compression of the engine had therefore increased from 32.0 to 35.7 atm.

Claims (13)

Claims. 1. Procedures for preservation, reconstruction and to increase the compression in internal combustion engines by chemical means using of fuels consisting of hydrocarbons, which are less than 0.1 percent by weight content of deposits to be sealed in the combustion chamber between the piston and cylinder wall containing leading heavy metal salts, whose acid part consists of an organic acid and whose Metal part consists of lead and one or more of the metals copper, zinc and tin, thereby characterized in that the fuel non-aqueous solubilizers for the solution of the salts in the Hydrocarbons are added, preferably those which form complex salts with the salts. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that compounds are used as solubilizers are added from the class of amines, such as. B. aniline, quinoline, ethylamine and diethylamine. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that compounds as solubilizers from the class of imines can be added, such as. B. ethyleneimine. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that compounds are used as solubilizers from the class of nitriles are added, such as. B. benzonitrile, benzyl cyanide and acetonitrile. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that compounds are used as solubilizers be added from the class of hydroxylamines, such as. B. Phenylhydroxylamine. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that compounds are used as solubilizers from the class of alcohols and phenols are added, such as. B. ethyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol and glycol, phenol, o-cresol, naphthols. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that compounds are used as solubilizers from the class of ethers can be added, such as B. ethyl ether and diisopropyl ether. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that compounds are used as solubilizers the class of aldehydes are added, such as. B. benzylaldehyde, salicylaldehyde and acetaldehyde. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that compounds from the class of ketones are added as solubilizers, such as. B. Acetone, acetophenone, diacetyl, benzyl and acetoacetic ester. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that compounds are used as solubilizers from the class of acids and acid derivatives are added, such as. B. acetic acid, butyric acid, oleic acid, Stearic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, alanine, Oxalic acid and phthalic acid, benzoic acid ethyl ester, benzoic acid isopropyl ester, benzamide, succinimide. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that complex salts are added to the fuels, the acid part of which consists of an organic Acid and its metal part consists of lead and one or more of the metals copper, zinc and tin and the complexing agent from one or more compounds of those mentioned in claims 2 to 10 Groups of substances. 12. Fuels consisting of hydrocarbons for internal combustion engines with a fuel consumption of less than 0.1 weight percentage of heavy metal: salts, whose acid part consists of an organic acid and whose metal part consists of lead and one of the metals "" "" Copper, zinc and possibly tin consists, And'V also with a content of compounds from defl Group of amines, imines, nitriles, hydroxylamines; Alcohols and phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones ^; Acids or acid derivatives. 13. Fuels according to claim 12, characterized by a content of naphthalene in a 25 to 500 times the amount of the salts contained in the fuel.