DE10226042A1 - Spreader frame for lifting containers has pendant mounted coupling bolts with single bearing supports - Google Patents

Abstract

A spreader frame for lifting containers has extending side frames (3) with locking bolts (9) at each corner adjust to the size of container and to lock onto the container. The design has an improved and simplified mounting for the locking bolt with a pendant support held at the top of the bolt and with the bottom of the bolt located inside a wide bore sleeve to self locate on the twist lock of a container. The top of the bolt has a groove gripped by two collets secured to an upper fixing ring by threaded fasteners and supported on a lower collet which sits on a slip ring.

Description

The invention relates to a locking system according to the generic term of claim 1.

Such locking systems are Components of lifting devices, those for the transport of load carriers be used. The lifting devices are used in particular to transport containers in port facilities.

The lifting devices referred to as spreaders have a stationary one Main frame in which two sliding beams are guided. The sliding beams each open at an outlet opening on a long side End of the main frame and are slidable in the longitudinal direction.

Typically, a sliding beam consists of two spars running parallel to each other in its longitudinal direction. The free ends of the spars are through a third, transverse to the connected to the first spar extending spar, the so-called head carrier. The free ends of the head carrier to be above the outsides the lengthways extending spars. The head carrier is located at these free ends a so-called twistlock. Form these twistlocks the locking system for coupling to one to be transported Load carrier.

Each twistlock faces at its lower end a locking pin. The twistlock and the locking pin are motor-driven, which means that the twistlock in particular the locking pin can be rotated about its longitudinal axis.

Through this rotary movement the Locking pin in a receptacle on the top of the load carrier, in particular of a container and be fixed. Once the locking pins of the twistlocks are fixed in the receptacles, the load carrier can be lifted using the lifting device become. In a corresponding manner, after the transport has taken place of the load carrier the twistlocks are automatically released from the receptacles, causing the lifting device to lift the load carrier again releases.

In known lifting devices the twistlocks are each positively driven, in which they are stored in several camps. The bearings are along the length of the Distributed twistlocks. The twistlock stored several times in this way can therefore only regarding its longitudinal axis be rotated.

A major disadvantage of that trained locking systems is that the constructive Effort for the multiple storage of the twistlocks is undesirably high.

Another disadvantage is that the locking system is extremely susceptible to wear due to the large number of bearings required. Another disadvantage is that the individual bearings are continuously lubricated Need to become. Due to the high number of lubrication points, there is an undesirably high number Maintenance.

The invention is based on the object To provide a locking system of the type mentioned at the outset, which is a reliable and if possible maintenance-free coupling of a lifting device to a load carrier enables.

To solve this task are the Features of claim 1 provided. Advantageous embodiments and appropriate further training the invention are described in the subclaims.

The locking system according to the invention for a lifting device for transport a load carrier consists of a predetermined number of locking pins for Coupling to the load carrier. Each locking pin is at the bottom of a free hanging one Locking shaft arranged. The locking shaft is on its upper end in a pivot bearing.

A major advantage of the locking system according to the invention is that only for storing the individual locking shafts a pivot bearing is required becomes. Each pivot bearing preferably has only one lubrication point, on which the pivot bearing must be lubricated.

The locking system according to the invention has thus a structurally simple structure, with the maintenance effort for the Locking system extremely low is.

The bearings in the pivot bearings latch stems can perform a limited pendulum motion, which is the introduction of the Locking pin in the receptacles of a load carrier facilitated.

To limit the pendulum movement is the respective locking shaft through a hole in the Bottom of a spar of a sliding beam guided, the diameter the hole is larger than the diameter of the locking shaft.

The rotary bearing of the locking shaft is located at the top of this spar and is easily accessible there, so that assembly and maintenance work can be carried out in a simple manner.

The pivot bearing includes as components for Fixing the locking shaft two half calottes, which in a rotationally symmetrical recess in the locking shaft to grab. A fixing ring and are used to fix the half-caps a calotte is provided.

The rotary bearing designed in this way is extremely simple, robust and easy to assemble. To mount the pivot bearing, the semi-calotte is seated on the calotte ten on the recess of the locking shaft. Then the fixing ring is placed on the half-spheres. Finally, fixing screws are inserted at the top of the fixing ring, which penetrate the fixing ring and the half-spheres and which engage in the spherical cap, as a result of which the components of the pivot bearing are fixed in position.

The bottom of the calotte is open guided a slide ring on the top of the spar, this slide ring is the only lubrication point of the pivot bearing.

In an advantageous embodiment is assigned a support plate to each locking pin, which slidably mounted on the locking shaft in its longitudinal direction is.

When coupling the locking pin in the recordings of a load carrier the support plates sit on the top of the load carrier. By the from the load carrier exerted The pressure plates on the locking shaft are then pressed upwards pushed. There is a parallel to the respective support plates Locking shaft coupled stylus so that this is deflected with the respective platen.

The movement of the stylus is by means of of a limit switch controllable. Using the generated by the limit switch Signals can be detected as to whether the locking pin is in the receptacles of the load carrier are introduced or not. An anti-twist device can also be used with the stylus the locking pin is carried out that is only active with exposed locking pins.

• 1 Draufsicht auf ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Hebegeräts mit zwei in einem Hauptrahmen geführten Verschiebeträgern und einem an diesen angeordneten Verriegelungssystem.
• 2 Seitenansicht des Hebegeräts gemäß 1.
• 3 Perspektivische Darstellung einer Verriegelungseinheit des Verriegelungssystems gemäß 1 und 2.
• 4 Teildarstellung der Verriegelungseinheit gemäß 3.
• 5 Längsschnitt durch einen Verriegelungsschaft der Verriegelungseinheit gemäß 3 und 4.
• 6 Perspektivische Darstellung einer Halbkalotte für die Verriegelungseinheit gemäß 3 und 4.
• 7 Längsschnitt durch einen Fixierring für die Verrieglungseinheit gemäß 3 und 4.
• 8 Längsschnitt durch eine Kalotte für die Verriegelungseinheit gemäß 3 und 4.

The invention is explained below with reference to the drawings. Show it.

• 1 Top view of an exemplary embodiment of the lifting device according to the invention with two displacement carriers guided in a main frame and a locking system arranged thereon.
• 2 Side view of the lifting device according to 1 ,
• 3 Perspective representation of a locking unit of the locking system according to 1 and 2 ,
• 4 Partial representation of the locking unit according to 3 ,
• 5 Longitudinal section through a locking shaft according to the locking unit 3 and 4 ,
• 6 Perspective representation of a half cap for the locking unit according to 3 and 4 ,
• 7 Longitudinal section through a fixing ring for the locking unit according to 3 and 4 ,
• 8th Longitudinal section through a calotte for the locking unit according to 3 and 4 ,

Fig. 1 shows a lifting device 1 for transporting a load carrier, not shown, in particular a container.

The lifting device 1 has a main frame 2 on in which two sliding beams 3 are led. The main frame 2 has an essentially cuboidal outer contour. At the long ends of the main frame 2 openings are provided in which the sliding beam 3 are introduced. The sliding beams open 3 at opposite longitudinal ends of the main frame 2 and are in the longitudinal direction of the main frame 2 slidably arranged.

Any sliding beam 3 has two spars extending in its longitudinal direction 4 on. The spars 4 run parallel to each other at a distance and each have a rectangular cross section.

How out 2 obviously the heights of the spars correspond 4 essentially the height of the main frame 2 ,

Between the spars 4 a push rod runs parallel to these 5 , which are also part of the respective sliding beam 3 is.

How out 1 the spars can be seen 4 of the first displacement beam 3 ^laterally offset to the spars 4 of the second displacement beam 3 arranged so that this is within the main frame 2 can be pushed past each other.

At the free longitudinal ends of the sliding beam 3 is a head carrier 6 arranged, both the spars 4 as well as the push rod 5 of the sliding beam 3 on the head carrier 6 are led. The longitudinal axis of the head carrier 6 runs transversely to the longitudinal axis of the corresponding displacement beam 3 , The head carrier 6 thus forms a cross member of the sliding beam 3 , At the ends of the head straps 6 , which is on the side of the sliding beam 3 protrude, recordings are provided for coupling to the container.

The recordings are on the one hand from locking units 7 formed, which are part of a locking system. At each end of a head strap 6 is such a locking unit? intended.

The locking units 7 are used to connect the lifting device 1 to the container. For this purpose, each locking unit 7 a locking pin 8th on, which can be inserted into a receptacle on the container.

For positioning the locking units 7 are on the head carrier 6 as further recordings corner guide 9 intended.

To carry out the displacement movements of the displacement carriers 3 electric drives are provided. In the present exemplary embodiment, there is a displacement support for each 3 as an electric drive an electric motor 10 provided which a toothed belt 11 drives. Every timing belt 11 Rolls in the longitudinal direction of the main frame 2 and is engaged with the push rod 5 of the respective sliding beam 3 , Thus the movement of the timing belt 11 on the push rod 5 transmitted, causing the sliding beam 3 is moved.

The 3 and 4 show the structure of a locking unit 7 , This has a circular-cylindrical locking shaft 12 on the underside of which the locking pin 8th followed. The locking shaft 12 with the locking pin 8th is in Figure 5 presented in detail. The rotationally symmetrical locking shaft 12 has a constant diameter over its length. Only in the area of the upper end of the locking shaft 12 a cylindrical segment with a reduced diameter is provided, which creates a rotationally symmetrical recess in this area 13 arises.

The locking shaft 12 is by means of a pivot bearing on a spar 4 of the sliding beam 3 , preferably on the head carrier 6 pivoted about its longitudinal axis. To perform the rotary movement of the locking shaft 12 a drive, not shown, is provided. The locking pin rotated as a result 8th is inserted into or released from a receptacle in the container.

In 3 are schematic sections of an upper wall element 14 and a lower wall element 15 shown which components form the top and bottom of the respective spar.

The pivot bearing is located on the top of the upper wall element 14 , The pivot bearing essentially comprises two half-spheres 16 between a fixing ring 17 and a calotte 18 are stored. The calotte 18 is with its underside on a slide ring 19 at the top of the top wall element 14 rotatably mounted. To the underside of the slide ring 19 includes a protective ring made of hardened steel 20 on, which prevents the rotating ring from rotating the slide ring 19 in the upper wall element 14 einfrisst.

The construction of a half-calotte 16 is in Fig. 6 presented in detail. 7 shows a detailed representation of the fixing ring 17 , 8th shows the structure of the calotte 18 ,

The two half-spheres are used to mount the pivot bearing 16 on the locking shaft 12 placed so that the insides of the hemisphere 16 in the recess 13 of the locking shaft 12 to grab. Like from the 5 and 6 the contours of the inside of the half-spheres are visible 16 to the contour of the recess 13 of the locking shaft 12 adjusted so that the half-spheres 16 form-fitting into the recess 13 to grab. The half-caps complement each other 16 to a ring-shaped arrangement that fits positively on the calotte 18 seated. The calotte 18 itself lies on the slide ring 19 rotatably mounted on, the contour of the underside of the calotte 18 Has bevels, which to the contour of the slide ring 19 are adjusted.

To fix the position of the two half-spheres 16 is the fixing ring on the top 17 placed. Like from the 6 and 7 can be seen on the top of the half-calotte 16 circumferential stepped shoulders 21 provided which is complementary to a step-shaped paragraph 21 ' on the underside of the fixing ring 17 are trained. Through the interlocking paragraphs 21 . 21 ' the fixation ring sits 17 secured against shifting on the half-spheres 16 on. At the same time, the fixing ring secures 17 the half-caps 16 against loosening from the recess 13 on the locking shaft 12 ,

Fixing screws are used to fix the components of the rotary bearing 22 used. These fixing screws 22 are in tapped holes 23 introduced, each at the top of the fixieninges 17 open out. Every threaded hole 23 penetrates the fixing ring 17 , one of the half calottes 16 and finally flows into the calotte 18 on.

How out 3 the locking shaft can be seen 12 only stored on its top in the pivot bearing, while the bottom of the locking shaft 12 with the locking pin 8th hanging freely over the underside of the lower wall element 15 protrudes and can perform a pendulum motion.

How out 3 further visible, penetrates the locking shaft 12 a circular hole 24 in the lower wall element 15 whose diameter is larger than the diameter of the locking shaft 12 , The edge of the hole 24 forms a stop that the pendulum movement of the locking shaft 12 limited.

Each locking pin 8th is a platen 25 and one to the top of the platen 25 arranged spacer sleeve 26 assigned. The mounting plate 25 and the spacer 26 are on the locking shaft 12 slidably mounted in its longitudinal direction. How out 3 visible, the platen runs 25 in a horizontal plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the locking shaft running in the vertical direction 12 is locked. The one at the top of the platen 25 subsequent spacer sleeve 26 has an essentially hollow cylindrical shape.

At the bottom of the platen 25 closes a guide bush 27 on the locking shaft 12 is led. The guide bush 27 forms a receiving element which can be inserted into a receptacle designed as a container fitting for coupling to a container.

When connecting the lifting device 1 to a container when inserting the locking pin 8th in the respective receptacle on the container, the support plate 25 pressed against the top of the container. This will make the platen 25 on the locking shaft 12 pushed up until the upper edge of the spacer sleeve 26 on the lower wall element 15 is applied, the underside of which has a stop for the spacer sleeve 26 forms.

At the top of the platen 25 opens parallel to the locking shaft 12 duri fender stylus 28 out. The stylus 28 is on the platen 25 coupled so that this with the platen 25 against the locking shaft 12 is movable. The stylus 28 is essentially circular cylindrical. It penetrates the upper wall element 14 and the bottom wall element 15 , so that its upper free end lies above the upper wall element 14.

In the area between the upper wall element 14 and the lower wall element 15 is the stylus 28 from a feather 29 enclosed on one by the bottom of the top wall element 14 formed stop is present.

The stylus 29 has a driver, not shown, in the form of a cross-sectional widening, which from below against the spring 29 suppressed. This causes the stylus to move upwards 28 on the locking shaft 12 against that of the spring 29 exerted counterforce.

At the top of the stylus 28 is a circular disc-shaped disc element 30 provided which over the outer surface of the stylus 28 protrudes.

This disc element 30 are two bridges 31 assigned by the outer surface of the calotte 18 protrude. It is also located in the area of the upper end of the stylus 28 a limit switch 32 , With the limit switch 32 is the position of the disc element 30 detectable.

With exposed locking pins 8th , ie when the lifting device is uncoupled from the container 1 , is the stylus 28 and with this the platen 25 by the spring force of the spring 29 held in a first, lower end position. The disc element lies in this first end position 30 level with the webs 31 and level with the limit switch 32 , As a result, the webs lie on the one hand 31 on the disc element 30 and thus form an anti-rotation device for the locking pin B. Furthermore, the disc element is located 30 in the detection range of the limit switch 32 , By detecting the disc element 30 is in the limit switch 32 generates a signal that indicates that the stylus 28 is in the first end position. That from the limit switch 32 generated signal is expediently in a control unit for controlling the lifting device 1 evaluated.

When connecting the lifting device 1 the support plate is attached to the container 25 placed on the container. Due to the contact pressure exerted by the container, the support plate 25 and the stylus 28 against the spring force of the spring 29 on the locking shaft 12 pushed up until the spacer sleeve 26 at the bottom of the lower wall element 15 is applied.

The disc element lies in this second, upper end position 30 above the bridges 31 and above the limit switch 32 ,

Because the disc element 30 now outside the area of the bridges 31 the locking pin can 8th can be freely rotated.

In the second end position, the disc element 30 no longer from the limit switch 32 detected. Accordingly in the limit switch 32 generated signal indicates that the stylus 28 is in its second end position.

1

lifting device

2

main frame

3

displacement carrier

4

Holm

5

pushrod

6

endcarriages

7

locking unit

8th

locking pin

9

Eckeinweiser

10

electric motor

11

Zahririemen

12

locking shaft

13

recess

14

upper wall element

15

lower wall element

16

Halbkalotten

17

fixing

18

dome

19

sliding ring

20

protective ring

21

paragraph

21 '

paragraph

22

fixing screws

23

threaded hole

24

drilling

25

platen

26

spacer bushing

27

guide bush

28

feeler

29

feather

30

disk element

31

Stege

32

limit switch

Claims (19)

Locking system for a lifting device ( 1 ) for transporting a load carrier with a specified number of locking pins ( 8th ) for coupling to the load carrier, characterized in that each locking pin ( 8th ) at the lower end of a freely hanging locking shaft ( 12 ) is arranged, the locking shaft ( 12 ) is mounted in a pivot bearing at its upper end. Locking system according to claim 1, characterized in that each rotary bearing has two half-caps ( 16 ), which is used to fix the associated locking shaft ( 12 ) in a rotationally symmetrical recess ( 13 ) On whose grab the top end. Locking system according to claim 2, characterized in that the locking shaft ( 12 ) has a rotationally symmetrical cross section over its entire length. Locking system according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that for fixing the two half-caps ( 16 ) at the recess ( 13 ) of the locking shaft ( 12 ) one on the tops of the half-spheres ( 16 ) mounting ring ( 17 ) and one on the undersides of the half-spheres ( 16 ) subsequent cap ( 18 ) are provided. Locking system according to claim 4, characterized in that the fixation of the half-spheres ( 16 ) between the fixing ring ( 17 ) and the calotte ( 18 ) using fixing screws ( 22 ), which is on the top of the fixing ring ( 16 ) can be operated. Locking system according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the components of each pivot bearing are in each case on the top of a spar of a sliding support ( 3 ) of the lifting device ( 1 ) are arranged. Locking system according to claim 6, characterized in that the underside of the cap ( 18 ) on a slide ring ( 19 ) on the spar of the sliding beam ( 3 ) rests. Locking system according to claim 7, characterized in that the sliding ring ( 19 ) on a protective ring ( 20 ) rests. Locking system according to one of claims 6-8, characterized in that the locking shaft ( 12 ) a hole ( 24 ) on the underside of the spar ( 4 ) of the sliding beam ( 3 ) with a diameter larger than the diameter of the locking shaft ( 12 ). Locking system according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that on the top of each locking pin ( 8th ) a platen ( 25 ), on the top of which a spacer sleeve ( 26 ) in which the locking shaft ( 12 ) is performed. Locking system according to claim 10, characterized in that the support plate ( 25 ) and the distance sleeve ( 26 ) in the longitudinal direction of the locking shaft ( 12 ) are slidably mounted. Locking system according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the underside of the spar of the displacement carrier ( 3 ) a stop for the spacer sleeve ( 26 ) forms. Locking system according to one of claims 10-12, characterized in that the support plate ( 25 ) a stop for the on the locking pin ( 8th ) forms a fixed load carrier. Locking system according to one of claims 10-13, characterized in that on the top of the support plate ( 25 ) parallel to the locking shaft ( 12 ) running stylus ( 28 ), which provides an anti-twist device for the locking pin ( 8th ) forms. Locking system according to claim 14, characterized in that on the top of the stylus ( 28 ) a disk element protruding laterally over its lateral surface ( 30 ) is provided, which is used to prevent the locking pins ( 8th ) with the outer surface of the calotte ( 18 protruding webs ( 31 ) can be brought into engagement. Locking system according to claim 15, characterized in that when the locking pin is exposed ( 8th ) the disc element ( 30 ) in a first end position at the level of the webs ( 31 ) and that with locking pins coupled to the load carrier ( 8th ) the stylus ( 28 ) by the pressure of the load carrier on the support plate ( 25 ) is moved in the longitudinal direction so that the disc element ( 30 ) in a second end position outside the engagement area of the webs ( 31 ) lies. Locking system according to claim 16, characterized in that the end positions of the disc element ( 30 ) by means of a limit switch ( 32 ) are detectable. Locking system according to one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that in the second end position the spacer sleeve ( 26 ) on the underside of the beam of the sliding beam forming the stop ( 3 ) rests. Locking system according to one of claims 16- 8, characterized in that the stylus ( 28 ) by means of a spring ( 29 ) the spring force exerted is held in the first end position.