DE10225302A1 - Electrochemical cell based on potassium permanganate/zinc combination includes graphite anode, base metal cathode and electrolyte containing a solution of an alkaline hydroxide, alkaline metal salt and a complex salt - Google Patents
Electrochemical cell based on potassium permanganate/zinc combination includes graphite anode, base metal cathode and electrolyte containing a solution of an alkaline hydroxide, alkaline metal salt and a complex saltInfo
- Publication number
- DE10225302A1 DE10225302A1 DE10225302A DE10225302A DE10225302A1 DE 10225302 A1 DE10225302 A1 DE 10225302A1 DE 10225302 A DE10225302 A DE 10225302A DE 10225302 A DE10225302 A DE 10225302A DE 10225302 A1 DE10225302 A1 DE 10225302A1
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- Prior art keywords
- salt
- metal
- base metal
- electrochemical cell
- cathode
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Links
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract 15
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 title 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical compound [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016583 MnAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000001848 dysentery Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005184 irreversible process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/26—Selection of materials as electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrochemische energiespeichernde Zelle. The invention relates to an electrochemical energy-storing cell.
Elektrochemische Energiespeicher sollen allgemein die
folgenden Forderungen erfüllen:
- - Wiederaufladbarkeit, gute Reversibilität
- - hohe Energiedichte pro Masseneinheit
- - hohe Energiedichte pro Volumeneinheit
- - hohe Klemmenspannung
- - hohe Lebensdauer
- - preiswerte und umweltverträgliche Materialien
- - einfacher Aufbau und geringe Produktionskosten
- - geringe Selbstentladung
- - großer Arbeitstemperaturbereich unter Normalbedingungen
- - hohe Lade- und Entladezyklenanzahl
- - keine Gasentwicklung beim Laden und Entladen
- - Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Formenerhalt der Elektroden
- - geringer innerer Widerstand
- - geringer Entsorgungsaufwand, Recyclingfähigkeit.
- - rechargeability, good reversibility
- - high energy density per unit of mass
- - high energy density per unit volume
- - high terminal voltage
- - long life span
- - inexpensive and environmentally friendly materials
- - simple construction and low production costs
- - low self-discharge
- - wide working temperature range under normal conditions
- - high number of charge and discharge cycles
- - No gas development during loading and unloading
- - Corrosion resistance and shape retention of the electrodes
- - low internal resistance
- - low disposal costs, recyclability.
In der Praxis ist es schwierig, alle diese Forderungen gleichzeitig in genügendem Ausmaße zu erfüllen. Bekannte Zellen und Akkumulatoren sind häufig für ihre Energieleistung zu groß und teilweise auch zu teuer. Ihre Machbarkeit ist begrenzt durch das Auftreten irreversibler Prozesse, die, selbst wenn sie in geringem Umfang auftreten, auf Dauer zu wesentlichen Leistungseinbußen führen. In practice, all of these demands are difficult at the same time to a sufficient extent. Known Cells and accumulators are often too used for their energy large and sometimes too expensive. Your feasibility is limited by the occurrence of irreversible processes that, even if they occur on a small scale, in the long run lead to significant performance losses.
Bekannte elektrochemische Zellen sind z. B. in dem Buch "Batterien und Akkumulatoren", Springerverlag 1998 von Lucien F. Trueb und Paul Rüetschi und in der Fachzeitschrift Funkschau 15/96, Seite 37 bis 41 beschrieben. Known electrochemical cells are e.g. B. in the book "Batteries and Accumulators", Springer Verlag 1998 by Lucien F. Trueb and Paul Rüetschi and in the specialist magazine Funkschau 15/96, pages 37 to 41.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, alle zuvor genannten Forderungen gegenüber dem Bekannten so wesentlich zu verbessern, dass neue Anwendungsgebiete erschlossen und bestehende Anwendungsmöglichkeiten entscheidend verbessert werden können. The object of the invention is all of the above Claims against the acquaintance so significantly improve that new areas of application opened up and existing ones Applications are significantly improved can.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Zelle kann elektrische Energie reversibel gespeichert werden. With the cell according to the invention, electrical energy can be stored reversibly.
Die Kathode bildet die negative Elektrode (Minuspol). Beim Laden mit Gleichstrom wandern die positiv geladenen Ionen zur Kathode, nehmen dort die fehlenden Elektronen auf und werden elektrisch neutral. Beim Entladen kehrt sich der Vorgang um. The cathode forms the negative electrode (negative pole). At the Charging with direct current migrates the positively charged ions to Cathode, pick up the missing electrons there and become electrically neutral. The process is reversed when unloading.
Die Anode bildet die positive Elektrode (Pluspol). Beim Laden mit Gleichstrom wandern die negativ geladenen Ionen zur Anode und geben dort ihre überschüssigen Elektronen ab. The anode forms the positive electrode (positive pole). While loading the negatively charged ions migrate to the anode with direct current and give off their excess electrons there.
Beim Entladen kehrt sich der Vorgang um. The process is reversed when unloading.
In Fig. 1 ist der Aufbau der Zelle angegeben. Sie besteht aus einer Anode CA, einer Kathode K und einem Elektrolyten E. Die Anode besteht aus Graphit und die Kathode aus einem unedlen Metall, vorzugsweise Zink. Der Elektrolyt enthält außer Wasser als Lösungsmittel ein Alkalihydroxid wie z. B. KOH und Alkalimetallsalze, vorzugsweise Alkalimangansalze sowie ein Zinkat K2[Zn(OH)4]. Das Zink der Kathode kann auf einer Graphitschicht CK abgeschieden sein. In Fig. 1, the structure of the cell is given. It consists of an anode CA, a cathode K and an electrolyte E. The anode consists of graphite and the cathode consists of a base metal, preferably zinc. The electrolyte contains water as a solvent, an alkali metal hydroxide such as. B. KOH and alkali metal salts, preferably alkali metal salts and a zincate K 2 [Zn (OH) 4 ]. The zinc of the cathode can be deposited on a graphite layer CK.
Beim Ladevorgang, der in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist, wird auf der Anodenoberfläche ein Metalloxid AS gebildet, dass zwei Metalle mit unterschiedlicher Wertigkeitsstufe enthält, wasserfrei ist und wegen seiner Kristallgitterstruktur als Spinell bezeichnet wird. During the charging process, which is shown in FIG. 2, a metal oxide AS is formed on the anode surface, which contains two metals with different valence levels, is water-free and is called spinel because of its crystal lattice structure.
Die zwischen dem Elektrolyten und der Kathode liegende Schicht KS bildet sich im Ruhrzustand der Zelle und wirkt als Schutz für die unedle Metallkathode. The one between the electrolyte and the cathode Layer KS forms in the dysentery state of the cell and acts as Protection for the base metal cathode.
Beim Ladevorgang wird davon ausgegangen, dass der wässrige Elektrolyt ein Zinkat und Alkalimangansalze enthält, wobei das jeweils enthaltene Mangan unterschiedliche Wertigkeitsstufen besitzt, nämlich Mn7+, Mn6+ und Mn4+ entsprechend der Alkalimangansalze KMnO4, K2MnO4 und K2MnO3. Durch Energiezufuhr wird an der Kathode Zü abgeschieden, an der Anode eine MnZn2O4-Schicht gebildet und außerdem der Anteil des Mangansalzes erhöht, bei dem das Mangan eine höhere Wertigkeitsstufe einnimmt. During the charging process it is assumed that the aqueous electrolyte contains a zincate and alkali manganese salts, the manganese contained in each case having different valence levels, namely Mn 7+ , Mn 6+ and Mn 4+ corresponding to the alkali manganese salts KMnO 4 , K 2 MnO 4 and K 2 MnO 3 . Energy is deposited on the cathode Zü, a MnZn 2 O 4 layer is formed on the anode, and the proportion of manganese salt at which the manganese assumes a higher valence level is also increased.
In Fig. 3 ist der Entladevorgang angegeben. Dort wird an der Anode die MnZn2O4-Schicht wieder abgebaut, und es werden Alkalimetallsalze gebildet, worin das in eine geringere Wertigkeitsstufe gelangt. Das beim Laden an der Kathode abgeschiedene Zink geht wieder in Lösung und bildet mit der Kalilauge ein Zinkat. In Fig. 3, the discharge process is specified. There the MnZn 2 O 4 layer is broken down again at the anode, and alkali metal salts are formed, in which this reaches a lower valence level. The zinc deposited on the cathode during charging goes back into solution and forms a zincate with the potassium hydroxide solution.
Beachtenswert ist, dass zwar beim Laden und Entladen Wasserstoff gebildet wird, dieser aber weder gespeichert noch durch einen Depolarisator beseitigt werden muss, denn er geht in die Reaktionsgleichungen mit ein, was durch den Wertigkeitsstufenwechsel des Mangans bedingt ist. Damit verbunden ist auch die hohe Konzentration von KOH im Elektrolyten im geladenen Zustand der Zelle, der im Laufe der Entladung abnimmt und erst zu Ende der Entladezeit den Innenwiderstand erhöht. It is worth noting that while loading and unloading Hydrogen is formed, but this is neither stored nor by a depolarizer needs to be eliminated because it goes in the reaction equations with what is given by the Value change of the manganese is necessary. Connected with it also the high concentration of KOH in the electrolyte in the charged state of the cell, which decreases during the discharge and only increases the internal resistance at the end of the discharge time.
In Fig. 4 sind die Anzahl der Moleküle der beteiligten Stoffe in Wasser angegeben, die beim Laden und Entladen jeweils an der Anode und Kathode bei einem Elektronenfluss von 8e umgesetzt werden. Es ist erkennbar, dass sich der Wasseranteil während eines Lade- u. Entladezyklus nur geringfügig ändert. In FIG. 4, the number of molecules of the substances involved are indicated in water, which are in each case reacted at the anode and cathode at a flow of electrons from 8e during charging and discharging. It can be seen that the water content during a charging and. Discharge cycle changes only slightly.
Zur Beständigkeit der Kathode ist zu berücksichtigen, dass Zn
ein unedles Metall ist, das bereits von Wasser angegriffen
wird
Zn + H2O → ZnO + H2
For the durability of the cathode it has to be considered that Zn is a base metal that is already attacked by water
Zn + H 2 O → ZnO + H 2
Die sich gebildete Oxidschicht ZnO löst sich zwar nicht in
Wasser, Bedingung ist jedoch, dass Zn möglichst keine Spuren
anderer Metalle enthält, wie z. B. Fe, Co oder Ni. ZnO ist in
Alkalilaugen löslich, es erfolgt eine Komplexbildung
ZnO + 2 KOH + H2O → K2[Zn(OH)4]
The oxide layer ZnO that is formed does not dissolve in water, but the condition is that Zn contains as few traces of other metals as possible, e.g. B. Fe, Co or Ni. ZnO is soluble in alkali lyes and complexes form
ZnO + 2 KOH + H 2 O → K 2 [Zn (OH) 4 ]
Außerdem wirkt das im Elektrolyten enthaltene KMnO4 als
Oxidationsmittel und reagiert mit Zn
2 KMnO4 + 3 Zn + 4 H2O + 4 KOH
→ 2 MnO2 + 3 K2[Zn(OH)4]
wobei MnO2 (Braunstein) in Alkalilaugen weiter umgesetzt
wird
MnO2 + 2 KOH → K2MnO3 + H2O
In addition, the KMnO 4 contained in the electrolyte acts as an oxidizing agent and reacts with Zn
2 KMnO 4 + 3 Zn + 4 H 2 O + 4 KOH
→ 2 MnO 2 + 3 K 2 [Zn (OH) 4 ]
where MnO 2 (manganese dioxide) is further converted in alkali lyes
MnO 2 + 2 KOH → K 2 MnO 3 + H 2 O
Im Ruhezustand der Zelle, d. h. bei unterbrochenem äußeren
Stromkreis, werden an der Zn-Kathodenoberfläche ZnO und MnO2
gleichzeitig gebildet, hervorgerufen durch die Reaktion des
Metalls mit H2O und mit KMnO4. Es entsteht dann eine dünne,
wasserfreie Oxidschicht aus MnZn2O4, die
Spinellkristallgitterstruktur aufweist und die sich nach Schließen des äußeren
Stromkreises sofort wieder auflöst. Mit der Schutzschicht
wird die Selbstentladung gehemmt und eine
Wasserstoffentwicklung mit der damit Korrosion der Zn-Kathode unterbunden.
Vergleichsweise wird z. B. bei der Behandlung von Al -
Oberflächen - Al ist noch unedler als Zn - KMnO4 als Inhibator
benutzt, vgl. Anlagen, wo sich als schützende Schicht MnAL3O4
bildet.
4 KNnO4 + 4 Al2O3 → 4 MnAl2O4 + 4 KO3
4 KO3 + 2 H2O → 5 O2 + 4 KOH
When the cell is at rest, ie when the external circuit is interrupted, ZnO and MnO 2 are formed simultaneously on the Zn cathode surface, caused by the reaction of the metal with H 2 O and with KMnO 4 . The result is a thin, water-free oxide layer made of MnZn 2 O 4 , which has a spinel crystal lattice structure and which immediately dissolves again after the outer circuit is closed. The protective layer inhibits self-discharge and prevents the development of hydrogen with the corrosion of the Zn cathode. For comparison, e.g. B. in the treatment of Al surfaces - Al is even less noble than Zn - KMnO 4 used as an inhibitor, cf. Plants where MnAL 3 O 4 forms as a protective layer.
4 KNnO 4 + 4 Al 2 O 3 → 4 MnAl 2 O 4 + 4 KO 3
4 KO 3 + 2 H 2 O → 5 O 2 + 4 KOH
Diesem Vorgang entspricht:
4 KMnO4 + 8 ZnO → 4 MnZn2O4 + 4 KO2
4 KO2 + 2 H2O → 3 O2 + 4 KOH
This process corresponds to:
4 KMnO 4 + 8 ZnO → 4 MnZn 2 O 4 + 4 KO 2
4 KO 2 + 2 H 2 O → 3 O 2 + 4 KOH
Die Spannung der Zelle zwischen Kathode und Anode im
unbelasteten Zustand ergibt sich aus den Normalpotentialen in
basischer Lösung (H2O und KOH)
MnO4 2- ⇆ MnO4 - + e = + ε0 0,564 V
Zn + 4 OH- ⇆ Zn (OH)4 2- + 2e = ε0 1,215 V
und beträgt insgesamt
0,564 V + 1,215 V = 1779 V.
The voltage of the cell between cathode and anode in the unloaded state results from the normal potentials in basic solution (H 2 O and KOH)
MnO 4 2- ⇆ MnO 4 - + e = + ε 0 0.564 V
Zn + 4 OH - ⇆ Zn (OH) 4 2- + 2e = ε 0 1.215 V
and total
0.564 V + 1.215 V = 1779 V.
Mit der Stärke der MnZn2O4-Schicht auf der Oberfläche der Anode erhöht sich beim Laden der Innenwiderstand der Zelle, d. h. die Menge des an der Kathode abscheidbaren Zinks ist begrenzt, womit beim Laden die Gefahr innerer Kurzschlüsse zwischen Anode und Kathode vermieden wird. Im Vergleich z. B. zu bekannten Bleiakkumulatoren besitzt die Zelle in Bezug auf die spez. Energie (Wh/kg), der Energiedichte (W/l) und det Leistungsdichte (W/kg) und (W/l) systembedingt sehr viel bessere Werte. Außerdem können die Elektrodenoberflächen beidseitig genutzt und die Elektroden selbst aus graphitbeschichteten bzw. graphitenthaltenden Kunststofffolien realisiert werden, womit große Oberflächen in kleinem Volumen gefertigt werden können. Weiterhin können bei Bedarf durch Verwendung einer Graphitoberfläche als Kathode -Zn wird abgeschieden bzw. geht in Lösung - und der gegenüberliegenden Oberfläche als Anode - MnZn2O4 wird auf- bzw. abgebaut - Reihenschaltungen von Zellen zu größeren Klemmenspannungen realisiert werden, wobei jede einzelne Zelle einen separaten Elektrolyten enthalten muss. The thickness of the MnZn 2 O 4 layer on the surface of the anode increases the internal resistance of the cell during charging, ie the amount of zinc that can be deposited on the cathode is limited, thus avoiding the risk of internal short circuits between the anode and cathode during charging. In comparison z. B. to known lead-acid batteries, the cell has in relation to the spec. Energy (Wh / kg), the energy density (W / l) and the power density (W / kg) and (W / l) are much better values due to the system. In addition, the electrode surfaces can be used on both sides and the electrodes themselves can be made from graphite-coated or graphite-containing plastic foils, with which large surfaces can be produced in a small volume. Furthermore, by using a graphite surface as a cathode - Zn is deposited or goes into solution - and the opposite surface as an anode - MnZn 2 O 4 is built up or broken down - series connections of cells to larger terminal voltages can be realized, each one Cell must contain a separate electrolyte.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10225302A DE10225302A1 (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2002-06-07 | Electrochemical cell based on potassium permanganate/zinc combination includes graphite anode, base metal cathode and electrolyte containing a solution of an alkaline hydroxide, alkaline metal salt and a complex salt |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10225302A DE10225302A1 (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2002-06-07 | Electrochemical cell based on potassium permanganate/zinc combination includes graphite anode, base metal cathode and electrolyte containing a solution of an alkaline hydroxide, alkaline metal salt and a complex salt |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE10225302A1 true DE10225302A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
Family
ID=27588636
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10225302A Withdrawn DE10225302A1 (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2002-06-07 | Electrochemical cell based on potassium permanganate/zinc combination includes graphite anode, base metal cathode and electrolyte containing a solution of an alkaline hydroxide, alkaline metal salt and a complex salt |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10225302A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023093161A1 (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-06-01 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Preparation method for zinc manganate negative electrode material |
| DE102022002889A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Werner Henze | Electrochemical cell for generating electrical energy from thermal energy |
-
2002
- 2002-06-07 DE DE10225302A patent/DE10225302A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023093161A1 (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-06-01 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Preparation method for zinc manganate negative electrode material |
| GB2617012A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-09-27 | Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd | Preparation method for zinc manganate negative electrode material |
| US12157676B2 (en) | 2021-11-24 | 2024-12-03 | Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. | Preparation method for zinc manganate negative electrode material |
| DE102022002889A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Werner Henze | Electrochemical cell for generating electrical energy from thermal energy |
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