DE102022106004A1 - Device for sorting objects and method for adjusting a device for sorting objects - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for sorting objects with at least one separating device and at least one separating element, with at least one projection unit being arranged. The at least one projection unit has at least one radiation source, with at least two points generated by the at least one projection unit and/or at least one marking and/or straight line being a measure of a position and/or position of the separating element and/or the separating device.

Description

The invention relates to a device for sorting objects and a method for setting a device for sorting objects according to the features of claims 1 and 16.

Particularly when separating non-ferrous metals using eddy current separators in fine grain sizes (<10mm, especially 0.5 to 5mm), the exact positioning and alignment of the cutting edge (or cutting edge or also called cutting edge, cutting plate or splitter) plays a special role. Since the material spreading takes place in a very small area due to the low force applied to small objects, a change in the position of the separating edge of just a few millimeters can have a major influence on the separation performance and the sorting result of the machine. A fixed and reproducibly adjustable reference position and/or parallel alignment of the separating edge is difficult to achieve, especially when adjusted manually, or at least involves increased effort and measurement uncertainties.
Another factor is that in eddy current separators with an adjustable, eccentric pole drum it is not clearly visible at which position the area with the highest field strength and thus repulsion of the particles is located.

With the present invention it is possible to make these positions visible using optically projected markings and thus simplify the handling of such machines and systems and enable optimal separation performance.

The DE3823944C1 discloses a device for non-ferrous metal separation, in which a rapidly rotating magnet system is mounted eccentrically in a belt drum.

The EP2314378A1 describes a device for non-ferrous metal separation in which a magnetic pole drum is mounted eccentrically in a belt drum and the tilt angle is adjustable. An angle adjustment device is equipped with an additional display device for the respective tilt angle of the belt drum.

The WO2012118373A1 discloses an eddy current separation device for separating particles from a particle stream, the device comprising a separation drum adapted to generate a first particle fraction and a second particle fraction, a feed device upstream of the separation drum for feeding particles to the separation drum and a Separating element connected downstream of the separating drum for separating the respective fractions, the device further comprising a sensor device which is set up to detect particles. The separation device is configured to, in use, adjust a position and/or orientation of the splitter element with respect to the separation drum and/or a transport speed of the feed device depending on a signal from the sensor device.

The WO2016096802A1 discloses bulk material sorting by means of a bulk material sorter with a conveyor, an exciter for a separating force, a splitter with a cutting edge and a sensor which detects the particles impacting the cutting edge. The signal from the sensor is used to optimize the separation result.

The invention is based on the object of creating a device for sorting objects and a method for setting a device for sorting objects.

The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claims 1 and 16.

Using the present invention, the sorting result can be improved.

In particular by means of a projection unit, a position of a separating element and/or a separation device, in particular a magnet system, can be displayed. In particular, a target position of a separating element and/or an actual position of a separation device can be represented.
This means that an actual position of the separating element and/or the separating device can be corrected if necessary, whereby the sorting result can be optimized.
In particular, using an optical radiation source, corresponding positions can be made easy to display and can be easily recognized by an operator. This can preferably be done using a laser that produces at least one clearly visible point with high accuracy.
Advantageously, the laser creates a visible straight line. For example, a separating tip of a separating element can simply be aligned to this degree.

Advantageously, the position of a separating edge in the discharge area of a separation machine and/or the position of a concealedly mounted separation device (e.g. separation drum, magnetic drum) can be made visible or easily visually checkable.
In particular, the position of a separation drum (magnetic drum), in particular one Separation drum (magnetic drum) mounted eccentrically in a larger drum can be made visually visible on the belt or drum surface.

In particular, the invention essentially serves as an alignment aid and/or for visually checking the positioning of a separation unit (separation drum, magnetic drum) and/or a separation vertex/separating edge, in particular its distance and/or parallelism to a separation unit by means of a projection unit, in particular a line laser or others Means to create visually visible markings on the conveyor line or in its discharge area from a distance. In one embodiment, a line laser or a projection unit is set up once parallel to the drum and then pivoted to a desired position of the separating edge while maintaining parallelism.

In a further embodiment, a line laser or a projection unit is mounted on a carrier of an adjustable separation drum or coupled to this carrier, so that the position of the separation drum is displayed on the surface of a rotating drum or a conveyor belt.

Through the arrangement with at least one visual marking, the point of greatest force on particles to be separated can be easily determined and/or a separating edge can be set to a reproducible and parallel distance from the separation drum even with a small deflection of particles. This makes it possible, for example, to optimize the sorting result by varying the apex position in small steps, starting from the set reference line, and optimizing it by analyzing the separation results.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

• 1a Schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Objekten im Längsschnitt (entlang der Förderrichtung);
• 1b Schematische Darstellung eines anderen Ausführungsbeispiels einer Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Objekten im Längsschnitt (entlang der Förderrichtung) zur Anzeige einer Istposition;
• 2 Eine vergrößerte / detailliertere Darstellung von 1a, insbesondere mit zwei Ausführungsformen der Projektionseinrichtung;
• 3 Eine beispielhafte Darstellung einer Draufsicht auf die Projektionseinrichtung und verdeckt dargestellter Separationstrommel;
• 4 Eine schematische Darstellung einer Draufsicht mit geschnittener Abwurfhaube einer Anlage zum Sortieren von Objekten;
• 5 Eine beispielhafte Ausführungsform einer Projektionseinrichtung.

Show it:

• 1a Schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a device for sorting objects in a longitudinal section (along the conveying direction);
• 1b Schematic representation of another exemplary embodiment of a device for sorting objects in a longitudinal section (along the conveying direction) to display an actual position;
• 2 An enlarged/more detailed view of 1a , in particular with two embodiments of the projection device;
• 3 An exemplary representation of a top view of the projection device and the separation drum shown hidden;
• 4 A schematic representation of a top view with a cut discharge hood of a system for sorting objects;
• 5 An exemplary embodiment of a projection device.

Systems (in particular recycling systems) for sorting objects, in particular particles, are used, for example, for sorting garbage, slag, waste glass, PET bottles, etc. in order to collect valuable materials, for example metals (steel, aluminum, copper, etc.) and/or non-metals ( Separate plastics, glass, etc.).

A device 01 for sorting objects, in particular particles (in particular in at least two fractions), has at least one separation device 02, for example a separation drum 02 and/or a magnetic drum, at least one separating element 03 and at least one projection unit 04

At least one magnet system 07 is assigned to the separation device 02. In particular, the separation drum 02 has a drum shell 06 and at least one magnet system 07. The at least one magnet system 07 has a plurality of magnets 08, in particular permanent magnets and/or electromagnets, and/or generates a magnetic field. In the case of electromagnets, the separating device 02 is designed in particular as an eddy current separator. For example, the magnets 08 are attached to a magnet carrier 09. This magnet carrier 09 is arranged to be rotatable and/or rotating about an axis of rotation 11. The magnet carrier 09 is mounted in particular on at least one further carrier by means of fastening elements.

At least the drum shell 06 is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation 12 by means of at least one bearing. For example, a bearing, for example a roller bearing, is provided at each end of the drum shell 06.

In a possible embodiment, the magnet carrier 09 has a plurality of magnets 08 with which pole faces are generated on the circumference of this magnet system 07.

In an operating state for sorting objects, the drum shell 06 and/or the magnets 08 and/or the magnet carrier 09 rotates.

In another possible embodiment, the magnet system 07 is an arrangement with at least one electromagnet.

A reference point 13 on the drum shell 06 is determined by a radial 14 with the smallest distance between the outer surface of the drum shell 06 or the conveyor belt 16 arranged on the drum shell 06 and the axis of rotation 11 of the magnet carrier 09 and/or the magnets 08.
Another reference point 17 is arranged on the drum shell 06 at a distance in the axial direction of the drum shell 06. This further reference point 17 on the drum shell 06 is determined by a further radial with the smallest distance between the outer surface of the drum shell 06 or the conveyor belt arranged on the drum shell 06 and the axis of rotation 11 of the magnet carrier 09 and / or the magnets 08 or the magnet system 07.
The first reference point 13 and the second reference point 17 define a measure of the position of the magnets 08 and/or the magnet carrier 09 and/or the axis of rotation 11 of the magnet carrier 09 and/or the position of the magnetic field.
A reference line 18 on the drum shell 06 or on the drum shell 06 arranged conveyor belt 16 is determined by the first reference point 13 and the second reference point 17. Preferably, this reference line 18 and the axis of rotation 11 of the magnet carrier 09 and/or the magnets 08 lie in a common plane and/or are arranged parallel to one another.

The separating device 02, in particular the separation drum 02, is assigned the separating element 03 at a distance. The separating element 03 is designed as a separating apex and/or cutting edge and/or separating plate and/or splitter. This separating element 03 preferably has a separating tip 19 and/or separating edge pointing in the direction of the separating device 02. The separating element 03 is preferably arranged in the upper region approximately tangentially to the throwing parabola at the location of the separating tip 19. This separating tip 19 extends in the axial direction of the separating element 03, preferably in the form of a straight line. For example, the separating tip 19 is connected to a holder of the separating element 03.
At least a first reference point 21 and a second reference point 22 are assigned to the separating tip 19.
These two reference points 21, 22 can be arranged directly on the separating tip 19 or at a parallel distance thereto. The distance between the separating tip 19 and the first reference point 21 and the distance between the second reference point 22 of the separating tip 19 define a measure of the position of the separating tip 19 and are preferably the same size. The position of the separating tip 19 and/or the two reference points 21, 22 define the spatial position of the separating tip 19, in particular the position in a horizontal or oblique plane.
A reference line 23 on or near the separating tip 19 is defined by the first reference point 21 and the second reference point 22.
A position of the separating element 03, in particular the separating tip 19, can be changed by means of at least one adjusting device 24. In particular, a first adjusting device 24 is arranged at a distance from a second adjusting device 26 in the axial direction of the separating element 03. Preferably, a distance between a rotation axis 11 of the magnets 09 and the separating tip 19 and/or a position of the separating tip 19 in the horizontal direction can be changed by means of the at least one adjusting device 24. In particular, the first adjustment device 24 can be actuated independently of the second adjustment device 26. For example, the first adjustment device 24 and/or the second adjustment device 26 is designed as a linear adjustment device.
The position of the separating tip 19 can be changed, for example, in the horizontal direction and/or vertical direction and/or pivotably.

The at least one projection unit preferably has at least one radiation source 27 which emits at least one beam 28. This at least one radiation source 27 is designed in particular as an optical radiation source 27 and in particular generates at least one light beam. This at least one beam 28 generated by the radiation source 27 in particular generates at least one point 29, in particular a marking 29, which is visible when it hits an object. In particular, the at least one radiation source 27 or the plurality of radiation sources generates at least two points, 29, 31, in particular two markings 29, 31, preferably at least one visible straight line 32, in particular projection straight line. The straight line 32 preferably runs through the at least two points 29, 31.
The at least one radiation source 27 is designed in particular as a laser and/or projection device. The at least one radiation source 27 can be followed by optical means for processing the at least one beam 28. In particular, the laser can be designed as a line laser and generate a visible straight line 32.

The at least one radiation source 27 is arranged at a distance from the separation device 02 and/or the separating element 03. The separating device 02 and/or the separating element 03 are preferably arranged in a housing 33 or a discharge hood 33, with the at least one radiation source 27 located outside this housing 33, preferably in its own housing 35 is ordered. This housing 33 has an opening 34, which can preferably be closed with a closing element 36. When the closing element 36 is open, the at least one beam 28 penetrates the opening 34 of the housing 33. Preferably, the position of the closing element 36 can be detected by at least one position switch or sensor 42 and so, for example, the projection unit 04 can be switched on/off and/or a signal on a control can be issued.
Preferably, the at least one radiation source 27 and/or the at least one beam 28 is adjustable, in particular arranged to be pivotable about a pivot axis 37. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one radiation source 27 and/or the at least one beam 28 can be adjusted parallel or perpendicular to the separation drum 02 by means of an adjusting element 41.
Preferably, this pivot axis 37 of the at least one radiation source 27 and/or the at least one beam 28 and the axis of rotation 11 of the magnet carrier 09 and/or the central axis 12 of the separation device 02 lie in a common plane and/or are arranged parallel to one another.
For example, the radiation source 27 is pivoted by means of a pivoting device, in particular by means of manual operation, preferably with an intermediate reduction gear 39 and/or optionally by means of an actuator 39.
The radiation source 27, preset for example by the pivoting device, sends out the at least one beam 28. This beam 28 and/or the at least one marking 29, 31 generated by the beam 28 and/or the at least one point 29, 31 and/or straight line 32 generated by the beam 28 is a measure of a position, in particular the target position of the separating element 03 and/or position and/or the position of the separation device 02 and/or the magnet system 07 and/or the magnets 08 and/or the magnet carrier 09 and/or the axis of rotation 11 of the magnet carrier 09 and/or the position of the magnetic field.
In one embodiment, a deviation in parallelism and/or distance from visible reference points 21, 22 or a reference line 23 on or on the separating element 03 to at least one projected marking 29, 31, 32 can be corrected in a simple manner.

A straight line 38, in particular a regression line, is defined in a longitudinal section along a conveying path through the separating tip 19 and/or through the holder of the separating tip 19, in particular approximately tangentially to a throwing parabola. This straight line 38 defined by the separating tip 19 and the beam 28 of the radiation source 27 include an opening angle alpha of, for example, 70 to 110 degrees, in particular 80 - 100 degrees. The beam 28 of the radiation source 27 is preferably arranged approximately normal to a throwing parabola defined by the separation drum 02. Optionally, a second radiation source can be arranged to generate a beam approximately tangential to this throwing parabola in order to reference a position of the separating tip 19 in two spatial directions. Preferably, the wavelength of a second radiation source is different from the wavelength of the first radiation source.

At least one point 29 generated by the projection unit 04 and/or at least one marking 29 and/or straight line 31 generated by the projection unit 04 is a measure of a position and/or location of the separating element 03 and/or the separation device 02. Preferably, the at least a point 29 and/or the at least one marking 29 and/or straight line 31 has a parallel orientation to the separation device 02,
In particular, the at least one point 29 and/or the at least one marking 29 and/or straight line 31 is arranged in a discharge area of the separation device 02 and can be perceived in particular visually or with technical aids.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the at least one radiation source 27 generates at least two points 29, 31, preferably a visible straight line 32, on or near the at least one separating element 03 as a measure of the target position of the separating element 03, in particular the separating tip 19. This is used to check the Actual position relative to the target position of the separating element 03. The position of the separating element 03 is changed in particular by means of the first adjusting device 24 and/or the second adjusting device 26, so that a deviation from the target position of the separating element 03 determined by the at least two points 29, 31 of the radiation source 27 is changed, in particular minimized, from the actual position determined by the at least two reference points 21, 22 of the separating element 03. The position of the separating element 03 can be changed, for example, on only one side, two sides and/or on two sides in different directions, for example horizontally and/or vertically.

For example, the at least one beam 28 of the radiation source 27 can alternatively or additionally be directed in the direction of the separation device 02, in particular the separation drum 02.
The at least one radiation source 27 generates at least two points, preferably a visible straight line, on the outer surface of the drum shell 06 or the conveyor belt arranged on the drum shell 06 as a measure of the target position of the position of the magnet system 07 and/or the magnets 08 and/or the magnet carrier 09 and/or the axis of rotation 11 of the magnet carrier 09 and/or the Location of the magnetic field. This results in a check of the actual position relative to the target position of the position of the magnet system 07 and/or the magnets 08 and/or the magnet carrier 09 and/or the axis of rotation 11 of the magnet carrier 09 and/or the position of the magnetic field.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one beam 28 of the radiation source 27 is directed towards the separation device 02, in particular the separation drum 02. The at least two points 29, 31 of the radiation source 27 are determined according to the at least two reference points of the dimension of the position of the magnet system 07 and/or the magnets 08 and/or the magnet carrier 09 and/or the axis of rotation 11 of the magnet carrier 09 and/or the position of the Magnetic field aligned. For this purpose, the position and/or orientation of the radiation source 27 and/or the position of the magnet system 07 and/or the magnets 08 is preferably changed.

For example, for the parallel alignment of the pivot axis 37 and/or for the perpendicular alignment of a linear guide of the radiation source 27 to the separation drum 02, reference points are marked on the belt and/or the separation drum 02, e.g. perpendicular to the belt edges or a side surface of the separation drum 02. To these reference points the radiation source 27 is aligned in a second step. It is also possible to align the radiation source 27 as a grazing light on the separation drum 02. For this purpose, the beam is tangentially past the separation drum 02 below the separating tip 19 and pivoted slightly. The line or points must then simultaneously disappear from a background below the machine on the left and right of the machine.

The at least one beam 28 from the radiation source 27 is directed, in particular pivoted, in the direction of the separating element 02. The at least one radiation source 27 generates at least two points 29, 31, preferably a visible straight line 32, on or near the at least one separating element 03 as a measure of the desired position of the separating element 03, in particular the separating tip 19. This results in a check of the actual position Target or reference position of the separating element 02.

Reference symbol list

01

Attachment

02

Separation device, separation drum

03

Separator

04

Projection unit

05

-

06

drum shell

07

Magnet system

08

magnet

09

Magnetic carrier

10

-

11

Rotary axis (07, 09)

12

Rotary axis (06), swivel axis

13

Reference point (02)

14

Radial

15

-

16

Conveyor belt

17

Reference point (02)

18

Reference line

19

Separating tip, separating edge

20

-

21

reference point (19)

22

reference point (19)

23

Reference line (19)

24

Adjustment device

25

-

26

Adjustment device

27

Radiation source

28

beam

29

mark, point

30

-

31

mark, point

32

Marking, straight line

33

Housing, discharge hood

34

opening

35

Housing

36

Closing element

37

Pivot axis

38

Straight

39

Actuator, gearbox, actuator

40

-

41

Adjusting element (37)

42

Position switch (36)

a (alpha)

angle

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 3823944 C1 [0004]
• EP 2314378 A1 [0005]
• WO 2012118373 A1 [0006]
• WO 2016096802 A1 [0007]

Claims (19)

Device for sorting objects with at least one separation device (02) and at least one separating element (03), characterized in that at least one projection unit (04) is arranged and in that the at least one projection unit (04) has at least one radiation source (27). at least two points (29, 31) generated by the at least one projection unit (04) and/or at least one marking and/or straight line (32) a measure of a position and/or position of the separating element (03) and/or the separating device ( 02). Plant according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the at least two points (29, 31) and / or the at least one marking and / or straight line (32) determine a measure for a target position of the at least one separating element (03) and that an actual position of the separating element (03) can be changed and/or changed depending on the target position by means of a first adjusting device (24) and/or a second adjusting device (26). Plant according to Claim 1 and/or 2, characterized in that the at least two points (29, 31) and/or the at least one marking and/or straight line (32) is arranged in a discharge area of the separation device (02) and can in particular be perceived visually or with technical aids is. Plant according to Claim 1 and/or 2 and/or 3, characterized in that the at least one radiation source (27) is designed as a light source, in particular as a laser Plant according to Claim 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 and/or 4, characterized in that the at least one radiation source (27) is designed as a line laser and is arranged to produce at least one visible straight line (32). Plant according to Claim 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 and/or 4 and/or 5, characterized in that these at least two points (29, 31) and/or marking and/or the at least one straight line (32) of the at least one radiation source (27 ) is a measure of a position, in particular a target position, of the at least one separating element (03) and/or the actual position of the separating device (02). Plant according to Claim 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 and/or 4 and/or 5 and/or 6, characterized in that these at least two points (29, 31) and/or marking and/or the at least one straight line (32) of the at least a radiation source (27) can be aligned and visible on a separating tip (19) of the at least one separating element (03). Plant according to Claim 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 and/or 4 and/or 5 and/or 6, characterized in that these at least two points (29, 31) and/or marking and/or the at least one straight line (32) of the at least a radiation source (27) is aligned and/or visible on an outer surface of a drum shell (06) of the separating device (02) and/or on an outer surface of a conveyor belt arranged on the drum shell (06). Plant according to Claim 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 and/or 4 and/or 5 and/or 6 and/or 7 and/or 8, characterized in that the at least one radiation source (27) is arranged pivotably and/or displaceably. Plant according to Claim 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 and/or 4 and/or 5 and/or 6 and/or 7 and/or 8 and/or 9, characterized in that at least one beam (28) of the at least one radiation source (27) an opening (34) of a housing (33) is arranged to penetrate and that this opening (34) can preferably be closed by means of a closing element (36). Plant according to Claim 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 and/or 4 and/or 5 and/or 6 and/or 7 and/or 8 and/or 9 and/or 10, characterized in that in a longitudinal section along a conveyor path, a jet direction of the at least one beam (28) and a straight line (38) defined by a separating tip (19) of the separating element (03) are arranged approximately tangentially to a throwing parabola and enclosing an opening angle alpha of 70 to 110 degrees. Plant according to Claim 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 and/or 4 and/or 5 and/or 6 and/or 7 and/or 8 and/or 9 and/or 10 and/or 11, characterized in that the at least two points ( 29, 31) and/or the at least one marking and/or straight line (32) has a parallel orientation to the separating device (02). Plant according to Claim 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 and/or 4 and/or 5 and/or 6 and/or 7 and/or 8 and/or 9 and/or 10 and/or 11 and/or 12, characterized in that the at least one separation device (02) has at least one separation drum (02), the separation drum (02) having a drum shell (06) and at least one magnet system (07). Plant according to Claim 13 , characterized in that the magnet system (07) has magnets (08) rotating about an axis of rotation (11) and that this axis of rotation (11) and one through the points (29, 31) and / or marking and / or straight line (32) The straight line (32) defined by the separating element is arranged parallel to one another. Plant according to Claim 13 and/or 14, characterized in that the at least two points (29, 31) and/or marking and/or straight line (32) of the at least one radiation source (27) are on an outer surface of the drum shell (06) and/or on an outer surface a conveyor belt (16) arranged on the drum shell (06) through a radial (14) with the smallest distance between the outer surface of the drum shell (06) or the conveyor belt arranged on the drum shell (06) and the axis of rotation (11) of the magnet carrier (09) and/or the separation device (02). Method for setting a device for sorting objects with at least one separating device (02) and at least one separating element (03), characterized in that at least one projection unit (04) is arranged, that the at least one projection unit (04) has at least one radiation source (27 ), in particular has a light source and that at least two points (29, 31) and / or at least one marking and / or straight line (32) as a measure of a position and / or location of the separating element (03) and / or the separating device (02 ) is generated by the projection unit (04). Method for setting a device according to Claim 16 , characterized in that the at least two points (29, 31) and / or at least one marking and / or straight line (32) is arranged in a discharge area of the separation device (02) and can be perceived in particular visually or with technical aids. Method for setting a device according to Claim 16 and/or 17, characterized in that the at least two points (29, 31) and/or at least one marking and/or straight line (32) have a parallel orientation to the separating device (02) or its axis of rotation and/or pivoting. Method for setting a device according to Claim 16 and/or 17 and/or 18, characterized in that the separating element (03) has at least two reference points (21, 22) as a measure of its actual position, that the at least two points (29, 31) and/or at least one marking and /or straight line (32) of the at least one radiation source (27) determines a measure for a target position of the at least one separating element (03), such that the position of the separating element (03) is determined by means of a first adjusting device (24) and/or a second adjusting device (26 ) is changed so that a deviation of the target position of the separating element (03) determined by the at least two points (29, 31) and / or at least one marking and / or straight line (32) of the at least one radiation source (27) from that determined by the at least two reference points (21, 22) of the separating element (03) is minimized.

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