DE102021123236A1 - Cylindrical grinder and face grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

A cylindrical grinder and a face grinder having a disk-shaped grinding wheel are provided. An outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel includes annular M pieces of grinding surfaces that are stepwise continuously in a traverse direction, where M is an integer that is two or more. The width of each of the M grinding sheets is equal to the relative movement of the grinding wheel in the traverse direction per rotation of a workpiece. A size of a radial step between grinding faces adjacent to each other among the M pieces of grinding faces is equal to 1/M of a set amount given as a cutting amount in a cutting direction on the workpiece in traverse grinding.

Description

technical field

The present disclosure relates to a grinder.

State of the art

In the prior art, a traverse grinding method has been used to grind an outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical workpiece longer than a width of a grinding wheel (see JP S48- 70 991 A and JP S 55- 58 972 A ). In the traverse grinding method, a surface of the workpiece is ground while rotating the workpiece and relatively moving the grinding wheel along a rotating shaft of the workpiece. Then, when an end portion of the workpiece is reached, the grinding wheel grinds the surface of the workpiece while being relatively moved in an opposite direction. Alternatively, the grinding wheel is only indexed in the opposite direction without grinding the surface, and then indexes the surface while indexing again.

In the prior art traverse grinding method, it is necessary to reciprocate the grinding wheel a fairly large number of times depending on a thickness to be ground, and a grinding time may be quite long. Under grinding surfaces on an outer periphery of the grinding wheel, since a grinding load is concentrated in a region on one side of an end portion of the grinding wheel in a relative movement direction, which is a region of a width corresponding to a movement amount (hereinafter referred to as a "guide feed") of the grinding wheel per rotation of the workpiece along a rotation axis direction, a life (a period of time during which a shape of the surface of the grinding wheel can be obtained) of the grinding wheel as a whole may be short. Therefore, a technique that can shorten the grinding time while preventing the life of the grinding wheel from being shortened is desirable.

Summary of the Invention

The present disclosure can be realized in the following aspects.

According to an illustrative aspect of the present disclosure, a cylindrical grinder includes a disc-shaped grinding wheel. The cylindrical grinder is configured to perform traverse grinding by relatively moving the grinding wheel and a cylindrical workpiece in a cutting direction crossing a rotation axis of the workpiece and relatively moving the grinding wheel and the workpiece in a traverse direction along the rotation axis. An outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel includes annular M-pieces of grinding surfaces that are continuous in the traverse direction step by step, where the M is an integer that is two or more, the outer peripheral surface is arranged such that a grinding surface on a rear side located in the traverse direction has a diameter larger than a diameter of a grinding surface located on a front side in the traverse direction. A width of each of the M pieces of grinding faces is equal to a relative movement amount of the grinding wheel in the traverse direction per rotation of the workpiece. A size of a radial step between grinding faces adjacent to each other among the M pieces of grinding faces is equal to 1/M of a set amount predetermined as a cutting amount in the cutting direction on the workpiece in the traverse grinding.

According to the cylindrical grinder in this aspect, the widths of the M grinding faces formed on the outer peripheral face of the grinding wheel are all equal to the relative movement amount of the grinding wheel in the traverse direction per rotation of the workpiece, and the size of the radial step between the grinding faces formed under the M - grinding surfaces are adjacent to each other, equal to 1/M of the set amount predetermined as the cutting amount in the direction of cutting the workpiece by the traverse grinding. Therefore, with respect to a region ground by 1/M of the predetermined set amount by a certain grinding surface during one rotation of the workpiece, it is possible to increase the region by 1/M of the predetermined set amount by an adjacent grinding surface during the next rotation grind. In this way, while the grinding wheel relatively moves to reach the end of the workpiece, the workpiece can be ground by the predetermined cutting amount. Since the workpiece is ground using the grinding surface with a width that is M times the relative movement amount of the grinding wheel in the traverse direction per rotation of the workpiece as a total grinding surface, it is possible to disperse the grinding region in the grinding wheel and shorten the service life of the grinding wheel compared with the configuration in the prior art in which the workpiece is ground using the grinding surface having the width of the same size as the relative movement amount of the grinding wheel in the traverse direction per rotation of the workpiece as the grinding surface. As described above, according to the cylindrical grinder in this aspect, it is possible to shorten the grinding time zen while preventing shortening of the life of the grinding wheel.

According to the above aspect of the present disclosure, the outer peripheral surface may further include a spark exit portion configured to perform spark exit, and the spark exit portion may be adjacent to an M-th grinding surface located on a rearmost side in the traverse direction below the M- pieces of grinding surfaces, and has a diameter equal to that of the M-th grinding surface.

According to the cylindrical grinder in this aspect, since the spark-outlet portion that is adjacent to the rear side in the traverse direction with respect to the M-th grinding surface, which has the same diameter as the M-th grinding surface and performs the spark-out is formed, it is possible to form a cross-sectional shape of the workpiece in a shape closer to a perfect circle by performing the spark discharge after grinding performed by the M grinding surfaces even when the center axis of the workpiece and the rotary axis are misaligned.

According to the above aspect of the present disclosure, the grinding wheel can perform the traverse grinding on the workpiece on both a forward path and a backward path of movement in the traverse direction. The M pieces of grinding surfaces can be set up to grind the workpiece on the forward path. An outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel may further include annular N-pieces of grinding surfaces that are continuous in the traverse direction and arranged to grind the workpiece on the reverse path, where the N is an integer that is two or more, the outer peripheral surface is arranged such that a grinding surface located on a rear side of the backward path has a diameter larger than a diameter of a grinding surface located on a front side of the backward path. A width of each of the N pieces of grinding surfaces may be equal to the relative movement amount. A size of a radial step between grinding faces adjacent to each other among the N pieces of grinding faces may be equal to 1/N the specified amount, respectively.

Further, according to the cylindrical grinder in this aspect, N grinding surfaces are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel, and the workpiece is traverse-ground on both the forward path and the backward path of movement in the traverse direction. Therefore, since the grinding time can be further shortened and the grinding area can be further widened (further spread), it is possible to further prevent the life of the grinding wheel from being shortened.

According to another illustrative aspect of the present disclosure, a surface grinder includes a disc-shaped grinding wheel. The plane grinder is configured to perform grinding by moving the grinding wheel and/or a workpiece having a flat plate shape in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to each other along a surface of the workpiece. The second direction is parallel to an axis of rotation of the grinding wheel. An outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel includes ring-shaped P pieces of grinding surfaces that are continuous in steps in the second direction, where the P is an integer that is two or more, the outer peripheral surface is set up such that a grinding surface on a rear side located in the second direction has a diameter larger than a diameter of a grinding surface located on a front side in the second direction. Widths of P pieces of grinding surfaces are equal to each other. The grinding wheel surface grinds the workpiece in both a forward path and a reverse path of movement in the first direction, and relatively moves in the second direction at ends of the forward path and the reverse path by a length corresponding to the widths of the P-pieces of corresponds to grinding surfaces. A magnitude of a radial step between grinding faces adjacent to each other among the P pieces of grinding faces is equal to 1/P of a set amount predetermined as an amount of cutting on the workpiece in the face grinding.

According to the surface grinder in this aspect, the widths of the P grinding faces formed on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel are equal to the amount of movement when the grinding wheel moves in the second direction at the ends of the forward path and the backward path of the movement of the grinding wheel in the first direction direction is relatively moved, and the magnitude of the radial step between the grinding faces adjacent to each other among the P grinding faces is equal to 1/P of the set amount predetermined as the amount of cutting of the workpiece by the face grinding. Therefore, with respect to a region ground by 1/P of the predetermined set amount by a certain grinding surface on the forward path of the grinding wheel, it is possible to grind the region by 1/P of the predetermined set amount by an adjacent grinding surface on the backward path . In this way, while the grinding wheel ends in the second direction is reached, the workpiece can be ground by the preset cutting amount. Since the workpiece is ground using, as an entire grinding surface, the grinding surface having a width that is P times the amount of movement when the grinding wheel moves in the second direction at the ends of the forward path and the backward path of the movement of the grinding wheel in the first Relatively moved direction, it is possible to disperse the grinding region in the grinding wheel and prevent shortening of the life of the grinding wheel compared with the configuration in which the workpiece using, as the grinding surface, the grinding surface with the width of the same size as the amount of movement is ground when the grinding wheel relatively moves in the second direction at the ends of the forward path and the backward path of the movement of the grinding wheel in the first direction. As described above, according to the surface grinder in this aspect, it is possible to shorten the grinding time while preventing the life of the grinding wheel from being shortened.

The present disclosure can be implemented in various aspects. For example, the present disclosure can be realized in aspects of the grinding wheel used in the cylindrical grinder or the surface grinder, a control method of the cylindrical grinder or the surface grinder, a method of grinding the workpiece, and the like.

character list

• 1 12 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a grinder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
• 2 Fig. 14 is a plan view showing an outer shape of a workpiece to be cut by the grinder;
• 3 Fig. 14 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a detailed configuration of an end portion of a grinding wheel in a radial direction;
• 4 12 is a plan view schematically showing a state of relative movement of the grinding wheel at the time of performing grinding;
• 5 Fig. 12 is an explanatory diagram that schematically shows details of a grinding operation performed by the grinding wheel on a forward path;
• 6 12 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a detailed configuration of a grinding wheel in a grinder according to a second embodiment;
• 7 12 is a plan view schematically showing a state of relative movement of the grinding wheel at the time of performing grinding according to the second embodiment;
• 8th 13 is a block diagram showing a part of a schematic configuration of a grinder according to a third embodiment;
• 9 12 is a partial external view schematically showing a detailed configuration of a grinding wheel in the grinder according to the third embodiment;
• 10 14 is a perspective view schematically showing a grinding wheel and a workpiece according to a fourth embodiment; and
• 11 14 is a perspective view schematically showing a state of relative movement of the grinding wheel at the time of performing grinding according to the fourth embodiment.

Description of Embodiments

A. First embodiment:

A1.Overall configuration of a grinder:

1 12 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a grinder 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 1 shows an X1-axis, a Y1-axis and a Z1-axis, which are perpendicular to each other. An X1-Y1 plane corresponds to a horizontal plane. The Z1 axis is parallel to a vertical direction. In the present embodiment, a downward direction in 1 , specifically, a direction from a later-described grinding head 48 toward a later-described table 40 along the Y1 axis is referred to as a "front side" and a direction from the table 40 toward the grinding head 48 along the Y1-axis is referred to as denotes a "rear side". A right side in 1 , specifically, a direction from a later-described headstock 30 toward a later-described tailstock 42 along the X1 axis is described as a "right side" and a direction from the tailstock 42 toward the headstock 30 is described as a "left side " designated.

The grinder 100 is configured to grind an outer peripheral surface of a workpiece W1. At this time, the grinder 101 performs traverse grinding by using a grinding wheel (a grinding wheel 46 described later) and the workpiece W1 in one cutting direction crossing a rotation axis (a rotation axis CX described later) of the workpiece W1 are relatively moved, and the grinding wheel 46 and the workpiece W1 are relatively moved in a traverse direction along the rotation axis CX. In the present embodiment, the axis of rotation described above is parallel to the X1 axis, and the cutting direction is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and parallel to the Y1 axis. The grinder 100 is also referred to as a “cylindrical grinder”. As will be described later, the cylinder head (the later-described cylinder head 48) is moved back and forth in a direction perpendicular to the rotary shaft (the later-described rotary axis CX) of the workpiece W1, and thus is also referred to as a "radial grinder". The grinding apparatus 100 includes a bed 36, the table 40, the grinding head 48, the headstock 30, the tailstock 42 and a calibration device 70.

The table 40, the grinding head 48, and the calibrating device 70 are attached to an upper surface (an upper end surface in a Z1-axis direction) of the bed 36. FIG. In addition, motors 24, 54 are attached to the bed 36. The motor 24 is used to move the table 40 along an X1-axis direction. A rotation amount of the motor 24 is detected by an encoder 22 .

The motor 24 and the encoder 22 are electrically connected to a table movement motor drive circuit 19 . The table movement motor drive circuit 19 is configured to acquire the rotation amount detected by the encoder 22 and to control the rotation of the motor 24 using the rotation amount. The motor 54 is used to move the grinder head 48 along the Y1 axis. The amount of rotation of the motor 54 is detected by an encoder 52 . The motor 54 and encoder 52 are electrically connected to a grinding head motion motor drive circuit 18 . The grinding head movement motor drive circuit 18 is configured to acquire the number of rotations detected by the encoder 52 and to control the rotation of the motor 54 using the rotation amount. A sliding surface for the table 40 to move along the X1 axis is formed on an upper surface of the bed 36. FIG. Similarly, a sliding surface for the grinding head 48 to move along the Y1 axis is formed on the top surface of the bed 36. FIG.

Components for supporting, rotating, and moving the workpiece W<b>1 are attached to the table 40 . Specifically, the headstock 30 and the tailstock 42 are attached to the table 40 .

The grinding head 48 is configured to move and rotate the grinding wheel 46 . The grinding head 48 includes the grinding wheel 46, a mounting shaft 44 to which the grinding wheel 46 is attached, the motor 50, an endless belt 51 and a rotary shaft 53. The grinding wheel 46 has a disc-shaped outer shape and is over an entire circumference of an outer peripheral surface of the mounting shaft 44 intended. A detailed configuration of the grinding wheel 46 will be described later. In 1 In order to facilitate understanding, a characteristic shape of an outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 46, which will be described later, is shown enlarged. The endless belt 51 is stretched over an output shaft of the motor 50 and the rotating shaft 53 . The rotary shaft 53 is connected to the grinding wheel 46 in a state where central axes of the rotary shaft 53 and the grinding wheel 46 coincide with each other. Therefore, when the motor 50 rotates, the grinding wheel 46 rotates via the endless belt 51 and the rotating shaft 53. The rotation of the motor 50 is controlled by a drive circuit (not shown).

The headstock 30 includes a main shaft 31, a chuck 32, a dressing tool 33, a motor 28 and an encoder 26. The main shaft 31 serves as a shaft when the workpiece 41 is rotated. Therefore, the center axis A0 of the main shaft 31 coincides with the rotation axis (the rotation axis CX described later) of the workpiece W1. The chuck 32 is configured to rotatably hold an end portion of the workpiece W1. One end of the chuck holds the end portion of the workpiece W<b>1 and the other end is connected to the main shaft 31 . The dressing tool 33 is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the headstock 30 on a side closer to the grinding head 48 . The dressing tool 33 is configured to form a face shape (a shape of grinding faces BS1 to BS3, which will be described later) of the grinding wheel 46 into a predetermined shape. The motor 28 is configured to rotate the main shaft 31 . The amount of rotation of the motor 28 is detected by the encoder 26 . The motor 28 and the encoder 26 are electrically connected to a mainshaft motor drive circuit 20 .

The tailstock 42 faces the headstock 30 in the X1-axis direction and is configured to rotatably support the end portion of the workpiece W1 opposite to the end portion gripped by the chuck 32 . The tailstock 42 includes a center 38 that projects to the left along the X1 axis. The center 38 is configured to abut an end face on the right side of the workpiece W1 to support the workpiece W1 and to be rotatable along with the rotation of the workpiece W1.

The calibration jig 70 faces an outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 46 . The calibration jig 70 is movable in the Y1-axis direction and is used to measure an outer diameter or the like of a cylindrical portion of the workpiece W1.

An operation of the grinder 100 is controlled by a numerical control device 10 . The numerical control device 10 includes a memory 1, a CPU 2, a first interface unit 3 and a second interface unit 4. A control program is stored in the memory 1 in advance, and the CPU 2 is configured to execute the control program to perform various kinds of processing to be executed as a functional unit that is set up to control the sander 100 . The first interface unit 3 is arranged to transmit and receive data between the CPU 2 and a programmable logic controller (PLC) 14, an amplifier 16, the grinding head movement motor drive circuit 18, the table movement motor drive circuit 19 and the main shaft motor drive circuit 20 to mediate. The second interface unit 4 is arranged to mediate transmission and reception of data between the CPU 2 and an input and output device 12 comprising a keyboard, a display and the like. The programmable logic controller 14 is set up to control the calibration device 70 . The amplifier 16 is configured to amplify an output of the calibration device 70 and to perform analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion.

The grinding head moving motor drive circuit 18 is configured to amplify a drive control signal and to output the amplified drive control signal to the motor 54 in response to a control instruction received from the CPU 2 and to servo-control the motor 54 using a detection result of the encoder 52 . Similarly, the table movement motor drive circuit 19 is configured to output a drive control signal to the motor 24 and servo-control the motor 24 using a detection result of the encoder 22 . Similarly, the main shaft motor drive circuit 20 is configured to output a drive control signal to the motor 28 and servo-control the motor 28 using a detection result of the encoder 26 .

In the grinder 100, the motor 24 is rotated to move the table 40 in the X1-axis direction so that the grinding wheel 46 can be moved in the X1-axis direction relative to the workpiece W1.

A2. Configuration of a workpiece:

2 FIG. 14 is a plan view showing an outer shape of the workpiece W1 to be cut by the grinder 100. FIG. The workpiece W1 has a stepped cylindrical (columnar) outer shape. The workpiece W1 includes a first columnar portion R1, two second columnar portions R2 provided with the first columnar portion R1 interposed therebetween, and two third columnar portions R1 each in contact with a surface of the corresponding second columnar portion R2. which is opposite to a side in contact with the first columnar portion R1. Center axes of the columnar portions R1, R2, R3 agree with each other and agree with a center axis A1 of the workpiece W1 as a whole.

A diameter of the first columnar portion R1 is the largest, a diameter of the second columnar portion R2 is the second largest, and a diameter of the third columnar portion R3 is the smallest. Therefore, a radial step ST is formed between the first columnar portion R1 and the second columnar portion R2. Similarly, a radial step is also formed between the second columnar portion R2 and the third columnar portion R3.

The workpiece W<b>1 having the configuration described above is used, for example, as a core material of a roller used for a rotary press of a large-sized printed matter such as a newspaper after various types of processing such as cutting performed by the grinder 100 . For example, when used as the core material of the roll as described above, the workpiece W1 is used as a columnar member for filling a center shaft hole of a columnar member formed of metal.

In the roller described above, a weight of the workpiece W1 is required to be light due to a need for high-speed rotation. Therefore, the workpiece W1 is formed, for example, by extrusion and firing of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). In the workpiece W1 obtained by this material and forming process, since the forming accuracy is low, a grinding amount (a cutting amount) when the surface is ground according to an inner diameter of the cylindrical member formed of metal is pretty little big. However, with the grinder 100 according to the present embodiment, the time required for grinding the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W<b>1 can be reduced by using the grinding wheel 46 described later. It is possible to prevent the life of the grinding wheel 46 from being shortened. The workpiece W1 is not limited to CFRP, and can be formed of any material such as metal, which is stainless steel (SS), titanium (Ti), or the like. The workpiece W1 is not limited to the core material of the roll used in the rotary press, and may be a cylindrical member used for any purpose.

A3. Detailed configuration of a grinding wheel 46:

3 12 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a detailed configuration of an end portion of the grinding wheel 46 in a radial direction. A plurality of annular grinding surfaces which are continuous in the X1-axis direction in a stepped manner are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 46 . Since the X1 axis is parallel to the traverse direction, it can be said that a plurality of grinding faces, which are continuous in the traverse direction in a stepped manner, are formed on the outer peripheral face of the grinding wheel 46 . Specifically, the plurality of annular grinding surfaces correspond to the first grinding surface BS1, the second grinding surface BS2, and the third grinding surface BS3. The three grinding surfaces BS1 to BS3 are in contact with the workpiece W1 to grind the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W1.

The first grinding surface BS1 is located on a foremost side in the traverse direction and has the smallest diameter. The second grinding surface BS2 is adjacent to a rear side in the traverse direction with respect to the first grinding surface BS1 and has the second smallest diameter. The third grinding surface BS3 is adjacent to a rear side in the traverse direction with respect to the second grinding surface BS2 and has the largest diameter.

In the three grinding surfaces BS1 to BS3, widths in the X1-axis direction (in other words, widths in the traverse direction) are equal to each other and are equal to a relative movement amount 1L (hereinafter also referred to as a “guide feed 1L”) of the grinding wheel 46 in the traverse direction per rotation of the workpiece W1. The guide feed 1L can be any value in a range of, for example, 10 millimeters (mm) to 20 mm. The master feed 1L is not limited to a value in this range and may be any value.

In addition to the three grinding surfaces BS1 to BS3 described above, a first spark exit portion SP1 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 46 . The first spark-outlet portion SP1 is located on a rear side in the traverse direction with respect to the third grinding surface BS3. A diameter of the first spark out portion SP1 is equal to the diameter of the third grinding surface BS3. A width of the first spark-out portion SP1 in the traverse direction is twice (2L) that of the guide carriage 1L. The first spark-out section SP1 performs so-called “spark-out” by its own rotation. The "spark exit" is also referred to as zero cutting. There is no difference in configuration between the third grinding surface BS3 and the first spark-out portion SP1. The grinding (cutting) of a predetermined cutting amount is performed by the third grinding face BS3, and the spark discharge for two guide feeds (2L) is performed by the first spark discharge portion SP1 corresponding to the two guide feeds 1L located further rearward in the traverse direction.

A size of a radial step between the first grinding surface BS1 and the second grinding surface BS2 is equal to a size of a radial step between the second grinding surface BS2 and the third grinding surface BS3. In the present embodiment, the size of the step is equal to 1/3 of a set amount set in advance as the cutting amount in the direction of cutting the workpiece W1 by the traverse grinding. In the present embodiment, the above-described “appointed amount that is set in advance” is “3Δ”. Therefore, the size of the step is "1Δ", which is 1/3 of 3Δ. This 1Δ corresponds to the cutting amount when the three grinding faces BS1 to BS3 cut in the cutting direction. In 3 the cutting amount 1Δ of each of the grinding surfaces BS1 to BS3 is shown on a right side of the grinding wheel 46. FIG. The cutting amount 1Δ can be any value in a range of, for example, 10 micrometers (µm) to 20 µm. The cutting amount 1Δ is not limited to a value in this range and can be any value.

Each of the grinding surfaces BS1 to BS3 described above on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 46 is formed into the shape described above by the dressing tool 33 every time the traverse grinding is completed.

A4. grinding operation:

4 12 is a plan view showing a state of relative movement of the grinding wheel 46 at the time of performing grinding table shows. When the table 40 moves from right to left along the X1 axis at a predetermined speed, the grinding wheel 46 moves from left to right along the X1 axis at a predetermined speed relative to the workpiece W1. Conversely, when the table 40 moves from left to right along the X1 axis at a predetermined speed, the grinding wheel 46 moves from right to left relative to the workpiece W1 along the X1 axis at a predetermined speed.

The grinding wheel 46, which is indicated by a wide solid line in 4 is positioned at an end portion on a left side of the workpiece W1 in the Y1-axis direction such that the grinding faces BS1 to BS3 are located at the step ST. Thereafter, the grinding wheel 46 grinds the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W1 while moving relative to the workpiece W1 from left to right along the X1 axis as shown by a forward path m11 indicated by a chain line arrow. When grinding is completed at an end portion on a right side of the workpiece W1, the grinding wheel 46 moves relative to the workpiece W1 from right to left along the X1 axis as shown by a reverse path m12 indicated by a chain arrow , and reaches the end portion on the left side of the workpiece W1. In the present embodiment, the workpiece W1 is not ground on the reverse path m12. Thereafter, as the grinding head 48 moves toward a front side along the Y1 axis, the grinding wheel 46 moves toward the front side as indicated by a thin dashed line arrow. Thereafter, in the same manner as described above, the grinding wheel 46 grinds the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W1 while moving relative to the workpiece W1 from left to right along the X1 axis, as shown by a forward path m21 indicated by a thin dashed line and moves relative to the workpiece W1 from right to left along the X1 axis as shown by a reverse path m22 indicated by a thin dashed line arrow. By repeatedly performing the grinding on the forward path and returning to an original position on the backward path and further moving to the front side, it is possible to grind the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W1 by a desired thickness.

5 12 is an explanatory diagram that schematically shows details of a grinding operation performed by the grinding wheel 46 on the forward path. As described above, in a state where the workpiece W1 is rotated around the rotation axis CX, the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W1 is ground by the relative movement of the grinding wheel 46 in the X1-axis direction. When the grinding starts, first, a first face layer portion WL1 of the workpiece W1 is ground by the first grinding face BS1 located at the end portion on the right side. A thickness (a length in the Y1-axis direction) of the first surface layer portion WL1 is equal to the cutting amount 1Δ. When the grinding wheel 46 grinds the first surface layer portion WL1 by the guide feed 1L and moves relative to the right side, the second grinding surface BS2 then abuts a surface of the workpiece W1, i.e., a second surface layer portion WL2 obtained by grinding the first surface layer portion WL1 appears, and grinds the second surface layer portion WL2. At this time, the first grinding surface BS1 also grinds the first surface layer portion WL1 by the guide truck 1L. A thickness (a length in the Y1-axis direction) of the second surface layer portion WL2 is equal to the cutting amount 1Δ. Then, when the first grinding surface BS1 and the second grinding surface BS2 grind the first surface layer portion WL1 and the second surface layer portion WL2 by the guide feeder 1L, the third grinding surface BS3 abuts on a surface of the workpiece W1, that is, a third surface layer portion WL3 passing through the grinding of the second surface layer portion WL2 appears, and grinds the third surface layer portion WL3. At this time, the first grinding surface BS1 and the second grinding surface BS2 grind the surface layer portions (the first surface layer portion WL1 and the second surface layer portion WL2), each in contact with a respective one of the first grinding surface BS1 and the second grinding surface BS2, by the guide feeder 1L . A thickness (a length in the Y1-axis direction) of the third surface layer portion WL3 is equal to the cutting amount 1Δ. Thereafter, grinding of the first surface layer portion WL1 by the first grinding surface BS1, grinding of the second surface layer portion WL2 by the second grinding surface BS2, and grinding of the third surface layer portion WL3 by the third grinding surface BS3 are performed simultaneously. The third surface layer portion WL3 ground by the third grinding surface BS3 is sparked out by the first spark exit portion SP1 during relative movement by the next 2 guide feeds 1L (2L).

When the grinding for a forward path is completed as described above, the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W1 is through in the cutting direction by the set amount (3Δ) predetermined as the cutting amount the three grinding surfaces BS1 to BS3 are ground. In addition, when the grinding for a forward path is completed, the spark-out for two rotations is performed on each region by the first spark-out portion SP1. For example, in a configuration of a comparative example in which the grinding is performed only by the guide feed 1L on the right end portion of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel, the workpiece W1 is ground only by the cutting amount of 1Δ at the time when the grinding for a forward path has been completed . In the configuration of the comparative example, since grinding is performed only by the guide feed 1L at the right end portion of the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel, a load of grinding is applied to that portion. On the other hand, with the grinder 100 according to the first embodiment, it is possible to grind the workpiece by the grinding for a forward path by a cutting amount three times that in the comparative example. Since a portion three times longer than that in the comparative example in the X1-axis direction is used as the grinding surface, it is possible to apply the load of grinding to a wider portion. Therefore, it is possible to further prevent a reduction in the life (the period during which the shape of the surface of the grinding wheel can be maintained) of the grinding wheel 46 as a whole.

According to the grinding apparatus 100 in the first embodiment described above, the first grinding surface BS1, the second grinding surface BS2, and the third grinding surface BS3, which are continuous in a stepped manner, are formed in a direction of the rotation axis CX on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 46. The widths of the three grinding surfaces BS1 to BS3 in the direction of the rotation axis CX are all equal to the relative movement amount (the guide feed 1L) of the grinding wheel 46 in the traverse direction per rotation of the workpiece W1. The size of the radial step between the first grinding surface BS1 and the second grinding surface BS2 and the size of the radial step between the second grinding surface BS2 and the third grinding surface BS3 are both equal to 1/3 of the set amount (3Δ) set in advance as the cutting amount in the Direction of cutting the workpiece W1 is set by the traverse grinding. Therefore, while the workpiece W1 rotates, the first grinding surface BS1 can grind the workpiece W1 by the cutting amount 1Δ. During the next rotation, the second grinding surface BS2 can grind the same region by the cutting amount 1Δ. Furthermore, during the next rotation, the third grinding surface BS3 can grind the same region by the cutting amount 1Δ. Therefore, while the grinding wheel 46 moves relative to the workpiece W1 until the grinding wheel 46 reaches an end of the workpiece W1, the workpiece W1 can be ground by the predetermined set amount (3Δ). Furthermore, since the workpiece W1 can be ground using a grinding surface with a width three times the width of the first grinding surface BS1 at the right end portion in the rotary shaft direction on the outer peripheral surface, it is possible to distribute the grinding region in the grinding wheel 46 and prevent the life of the grinding wheel 46 from being shortened. As described above, according to the grinder 100 in the first embodiment, it is possible to shorten the grinding time while the life of the grinding wheel 46 can be prevented from being shortened.

Since the first spark exit portion SP1, which is adjacent to the rear side in the traverse direction with respect to the third grinding surface BS3, which is the rearmost grinding surface in the traverse direction, which has the same diameter as the third grinding surface BS3 and which performs the spark exit, is formed, it is possible to form a cross-sectional shape of the workpiece W1 in a shape closer to a perfect circle by performing spark discharge after grinding performed by the three grinding surfaces BS1 to BS3 even if the center axis A1 of the workpiece W1 and the axis of rotation CX are not aligned.

B. Second embodiment:

6 14 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing a detailed configuration of a grinding wheel 146 in the grinder 100 according to a second embodiment. The grinder 100 according to the second embodiment differs from the grinder 100 according to the first embodiment in that the 6 grinding wheel 146 shown is provided instead of the grinding wheel 46, and that an outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W1 is ground not only on a forward path of movement in a traverse direction but also on a backward path of movement in the traverse direction. Other configurations of the grinder 100 according to the second embodiment are the same as those of the grinder 100 according to the first embodiment. Therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.

The grinding wheel 146 according to the second embodiment differs from the grinding wheel 46 according to the first embodiment in that a second spark exit portion SP2 is provided instead of the first spark-out portion SP1, and that a fourth grinding surface BS4, a fifth grinding surface BS5 and a sixth grinding surface B6 are additionally provided. Other configurations of the grinding wheel 146 are the same as those of the grinding wheel 46 according to the first embodiment. Therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.

The second spark-out portion SP2 performs spark-out in the same manner as the first spark-out portion SP1 according to the first embodiment. The second spark exit portion SP2 is located on a side opposite to the second grinding surface BS2 with the third grinding surface BS3 interposed therebetween along the X1 axis and is adjacent to the third grinding surface BS3. A diameter of the second spark out portion SP2 is equal to the diameter of the third grinding surface BS3. A width of the second spark-out portion SP2 in the traverse direction coincides with the guide feed 1L. The diameter of the second spark-out portion SP2 is equal to the diameter of the third grinding surface BS3.

The three grinding surfaces BS4 to BS6 have shapes symmetrical to the three grinding surfaces BS1 to BS3 with the second spark exit portion SP2 interposed therebetween. Therefore, similarly to the three grinding surfaces BS1 to BS3, the three grinding surfaces BS4 to BS6 are continuous in the X1-axis direction in a stepped manner. Specifically, the fourth grinding surface BS4 is located on a side opposite to the third grinding surface BS3 with the second spark exit portion SP2 interposed therebetween and is adjacent to the second spark exit portion SP2. The fifth grinding surface BS5 is located on a side opposite to the second spark exit portion SP2 with the fourth grinding surface BS4 interposed therebetween and is adjacent to the fourth grinding surface BS4. The sixth grinding surface BS6 is located on a side opposite to the fourth grinding surface BS4 with the 5th grinding surface BS5 interposed therebetween and is adjacent to the fifth grinding surface BS5. A diameter of the fourth grinding surface BS4 is equal to the diameter of the third grinding surface BS3. Similarly, a diameter of the fifth grinding surface BS5 is equal to a diameter of the second grinding surface BS2, and a diameter of the sixth grinding surface BS6 is equal to a diameter of the first grinding surface BS1. Therefore, both a size of a radial step between the fourth grinding surface BS4 and the fifth grinding surface BS5 and a size of a radial step between the fifth grinding surface BS5 and the sixth grinding surface BS6 are common (1Δ), which is 1/3 of the set amount (3Δ) described above. is. Widths (widths in the X1-axis direction) of the three grinding surfaces BS4 to BS6 in the direction of the rotation axis CX are equal in that the widths are the guide feed 1L. The three grinding surfaces BS4 to BS6 grind the workpiece W1 on the reverse path of the movement of the grinding wheel 46 in the traverse direction. The three sliding surfaces BS1 to BS3 grind the workpiece W1 on the forward path of movement of the grinding wheel 46 in the traverse direction.

7 14 is a plan view schematically showing a state of relative movement of the grinding wheel 146 at the time of performing grinding according to the second embodiment. As described above, with the grinder 100 according to the second embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W1 is ground also on the reverse path during the grinding operation. Therefore, in the second embodiment, both the left-right direction along the X1 axis and the left-right direction along the X1 axis correspond to the “traverse direction”.

In 7 For example, grinding wheel 146, indicated by a wide solid line, grinds the outer peripheral surface of workpiece W1 while moving from left to right relative to workpiece W1 along the X1 axis, as shown by a forward path m31 indicated by a chain arrow. At this time, the workpiece W1 is ground by the first grinding surface BS1, the second grinding surface BS2, and the third grinding surface BS3. Therefore, a grinding amount (a cutting amount) is the set amount (3Δ) described above. In the second embodiment, in the next rotation in which the third grinding surface BS3 grinds the workpiece W1 by the guide feed 1L, the spark discharge is performed by the second spark discharge portion SP2, and the fourth grinding surface BS4 acts as the spark discharge for another guide feed 1L.

When the grinding wheel 146 reaches the end portion on the right side of the workpiece W1, unlike the first embodiment, the grinding wheel 146 moves toward a front side along the Y1 axis by the cutting amount 3Δ while maintaining the position on the X1 axis . Thereafter, as the table 40 moves from left to right, the grinding wheel 146 moves from right to left relative to the workpiece W1 to perform grinding on the reverse path.

When grinding on the reverse path, first the outer peripheral surface of the work piece W1, that is, the surface ground by the third grinding surface BS3 and sparked out by the second spark-out portion SP2, ground by the sixth grinding surface BS6 located in the grinding wheel 146 at a leftmost side. After that, when the grinding wheel 146 grinds the workpiece W1 by the guide feed 1L and moves relatively to the left side, then the fifth grinding surface BS5 grinds the surface of the workpiece W1, that is, the surface that passes through the sixth grinding surface BS6 loops is exposed. Further, when the grinding wheel 146 grinds the workpiece W1 by the guide 1L and moves relatively to the left side, then the fourth grinding surface BS4 grinds the surface of the workpiece W1, that is, the surface defined by the fifth grinding surface BS5 performed loops is exposed. Thereafter, the second spark exit portion SP2 sparks the face by the guide feed 1L (the one rotation), and the third grinding face BS3 acts as the spark exit for another guide feed 1L. The grinding operation performed by the sixth grinding surface BS6, the fifth grinding surface BS5 and the fourth grinding surface BS4 and the spark-out operation performed by the second spark-out portion SP2 on the reverse path are the same as the grinding operation performed by the first grinding surface BS1, the second grinding surface BS2 and the third grinding surface BS3 is performed, and the spark-out operation performed by the second spark-out portion SP2 on the forward path. When the grinding wheel 146 reaches the end portion on the left side of the workpiece W1 in this way, the grinding operation on the forward path is completed. By the grinding operation on the forward path, the surface of the workpiece W1 is ground by the fixed amount (3Δ) described above. Therefore, according to the grinder 100 in the second embodiment, grinding (cutting) twice (6Δ) the above-described fixed amount is performed by back and forth travel of the grinding wheel 146 .

The grinder 100 according to the second embodiment described above has the same effect as the grinder 100 according to the first embodiment. In addition, since the fourth grinding surface BS4, the fifth grinding surface BS5 and the sixth grinding surface BS6 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 146, the workpiece W1 can be ground by the first grinding surface BS1, the second grinding surface BS2 and the third grinding surface BS3 when the grinding wheel 146 relatively moves from right to left, and the workpiece W1 can be ground by the fourth grinding surface BS4, the fifth grinding surface BS5 and the sixth grinding surface BS6 when the grinding wheel relatively moves from right to left. Therefore, since the workpiece W1 is traverse-ground on both the forward path and the reverse path in the traverse direction, the grinding time can be further shortened. Since the grinding surface can be further widened (further distributed), it is possible to further prevent the life of the grinding wheel 146 from being shortened.

C. 3rd embodiment:

8th 14 is a block diagram showing a part of a schematic configuration of a grinder 200 according to a third embodiment. In the grinding apparatus 200 according to the third embodiment, a grinding head (a grinding head 248 described later) reciprocates in a direction crossing a rotation axis A2 of the workpiece W1 at an angle θ, which is an acute angle. The grinder 200 is also referred to as a so-called “angle grinder”. In a manner similar to the grinder 100 according to the first embodiment, the grinder 200 according to the third embodiment comprises a bed 236, a table 240, a grinding head 248, a headstock 230, a tailstock 242 and a dressing tool 243. In addition, the grinder 200 according to FIG third embodiment, similarly to the grinder 100 according to the first embodiment, the calibration device 70, the motors 24, 54, the encoders 22, 52 and the like. In a manner similar to the first embodiment, the motors 24, 54 are controlled by the numerical controller 10 through the driving circuits 18, 19, 20 (not shown).

The bed 236 has the same function as the bed 36 according to the first embodiment. Similarly, the table 240 has the same function as the table 40 according to the first embodiment, the grinding head 248 has the same function as the grinding head 48 according to the first embodiment, the headstock 230 has the same function as the headstock 30 according to the first embodiment , the tailstock 242 has the same function as the tailstock 42 according to the first embodiment, and the dressing tool 243 has the same function as the dressing tool 33 according to the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, the dressing tool 243 is not provided on the headstock 230 but on the tailstock 242 .

The grinding head 248 can move back and forth along a movement axis A3 by a motor (not shown). The grinding head 248 includes a motor 250. The motor 250 has the same function as the motor 50 according to the first embodiment. That is, the grinding wheel 246 is rotationally driven.

An axis of rotation A4 of the grinding wheel 246 is perpendicular to the axis of movement A3 of the grinding head 248.

Similarly to the table 40 according to the first embodiment, the table 240 is movable in the X1 axial direction. The axis of rotation A2 of the workpiece W1 coincides with a central axis (not shown) of the workpiece W1. The angle θ formed by the axis of movement A3 of the grinding head 248 and the axis of rotation A2 is an acute angle as described above.

9 14 is a partial external view schematically showing a detailed configuration of the grinding wheel 246 in the grinder 200 according to the third embodiment. The grinding wheel 246 includes, on the outer peripheral surface thereof, a seventh grinding surface BS7, an eighth grinding surface BS8, a ninth grinding surface BS9, and a third spark-out portion SP3. All of the three grinding surfaces BS7 to BS9 have an annular outer shape. Widths of the seventh grinding surface BS7, the eighth grinding surface BS8, and the ninth grinding surface BS9 in the X1 axial direction (the direction of the rotation axis CX) agree with the master feed 1L. The three grinding surfaces BS7 to BS9 grind the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W1. The seventh grinding surface BS7 is located on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 246 on the leftmost side along the X1 axis. The eighth grinding surface BS8 is adjacent to the seventh grinding surface BS7 on a right side along the X1 axis. The ninth grinding surface BS9 is adjacent to the eighth grinding surface BS8 on the right side along the X1 axis. A diameter (an average value of diameters along the moving axis A3) of the eighth grinding surface BS8 is larger than a diameter (an average value of diameters along the moving axis A3) of the seventh grinding surface BS7. A diameter (an average value of diameters along the moving axis A3) of the ninth grinding surface BS9 is larger than the diameter (the average value of the diameters along the moving axis A3) of the eighth grinding surface BS8.

The third spark-out portion SP3 performs spark-out in the same manner as the first spark-out portion SP1 according to the first embodiment and the second spark-out portion SP2 according to the second embodiment. The third spark exit portion SP3 has an annular outer shape, is located on a side opposite to the eighth grinding surface BS8 with the ninth grinding surface BS9 interposed therebetween, and is adjacent to the ninth grinding surface BS9. A diameter of the third spark-out portion SP3 is equal to the diameter of the ninth grinding surface BS9. A width of the third spark-out portion SP3 in the X1-axis direction is equal to twice (2L) the guide feed 1L.

Unlike the grinder 100 according to the first embodiment, the grinding wheel 246 having the configuration described above grinds the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W1 while moving relative to the workpiece W1 from right to left along the X1 axis.

The grinder 200 according to the third embodiment described above has the same effect as the grinder 100 according to the first embodiment.

D. Fourth embodiment:

10 14 is a perspective view schematically showing the grinding wheel 46 and a workpiece W2 according to a fourth embodiment. 10 shows an X2-axis, a Y2-axis and a Z2-axis, which are perpendicular to each other. An X2-Y2 plane corresponds to a horizontal plane. The Z2 axis is parallel to a vertical direction. 11 14 is a perspective view schematically showing a state of relative movement of the grinding wheel 46 at the time of performing grinding according to the fourth embodiment. In 11 the grinding wheel 46 is omitted for clarity.

A grinder (not shown) according to the fourth embodiment is referred to as a so-called face grinder, and performs face grinding on an upper surface S1 of the workpiece W2. The workpiece W2 according to the present embodiment has a flat plate shape and is fixed to a table (not shown) such that its thickness direction is parallel to a Z2 axis direction and the top surface S1 is parallel to the X2-Y2 plane. The table (not shown) is movable in a manner similar to the table 40 according to the first embodiment. Specifically, the table is movable in an X2-axis direction and in a Y2-axis direction. In the fourth embodiment, a direction from an end surface S2 to an end surface S3 shown in 11 are shown along the X2 axis as “reverse along the X2 axis”, and a direction from an end surface S4 to an end surface S5 along the X2 axis is referred to as “reverse along the Y2 axis”. In the fourth embodiment, a direction from the end face S3 toward the end face S2 becomes along the X2 axis is referred to as “X2-axis front side”, and a direction from the end face S5 toward the end face S4 along the Y2-axis is referred to as “Y2-axis front side”.

In the fourth embodiment, the direction along the X2 axis corresponds to a “first direction” in the present disclosure, and the direction along the Y2 axis corresponds to a “second direction” in the present disclosure.

The grinding wheel 46 according to the fourth embodiment has the same configuration as the grinding wheel 46 according to the first embodiment. Therefore, in the grinding wheel 46 according to the fourth embodiment, the same components as in the grinding wheel 46 according to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and the detailed description thereof is omitted. The grinding wheel 46 according to the fourth embodiment is provided such that an in 10 center axis A5 shown is parallel to the Y2-axis direction. When the workpiece W2 moves in the X2-axis direction and the Y2-axis direction, the grinding wheel 46 moves relative to the workpiece W2 in the X2-axis direction and the Y2-axis direction.

As in 11 1, before starting grinding, the grinding wheel 46 overlaps the workpiece W2 in the Z2-axis direction with the guide feed 1L at a position on the front side with respect to the end face S2 on the front side of the workpiece W2 along the X-axis. From this state, the grinding wheel 46 relatively moves from front to back along the X2 axis as shown by a forward path m51 indicated by a chain arrow. At this time, the first grinding surface BS1 of the grinding wheel 46 cuts the workpiece W2 by the cutting amount 1Δ. When the grinding wheel 46 reaches an end on the back of the workpiece W2 along the X2 axis, the grinding wheel 46 makes relative movement m61 from the back to the front along the Y2 axis. A length of the relative movement m61 is equal to the length of the guide feed 1L. Thereafter, the grinding wheel 46 relatively moves from the back to the front along the X2 axis as shown by a reverse path m52 indicated by a chain arrow. At this time, a portion ground on the forward path m51 is then ground by the cutting amount 1Δ by the second grinding surface BS2. A new portion is ground by the cutting amount 1Δ by the first grinding surface BS1. When the grinding wheel 46 reaches an end on the front side of the workpiece W2, the grinding wheel 46 makes a relative movement m62 from the back side to the front side along the Y2 axis. A length of the relative movement m62 is equal to the length of the guide feed 1L. From this state, the grinding wheel 46 again moves from front to back along the X2 axis as shown by a forward path m53 indicated by a chain arrow. At this time, a portion ground by the second grinding surface BS2 on the reverse path m52 is ground by the cutting amount 1Δ by the third grinding surface BS3. Therefore, a portion ground by the first grinding surface BS1 on the forward path m51, that is, a region whose length in the Y2-axis direction is the guide feed 1L, is ground (cut) by the set amount (3Δ) which is considered the cutting amount is predetermined. A portion ground by the first grinding surface BS1 on the reverse path m52 is then ground by the cutting amount (1Δ) by the second grinding surface BS2. In this way, by repeatedly performing the relative movement by the guide 1L from the back to the front along the Y-axis at the ends of the forward path and the backward path while reciprocating in the X2-axis direction, all portions become the upper Face S1 ground by the specified amount (3Δ) in the Z2-axis direction.

According to the grinder in the fourth embodiment described above, the three grinding surfaces BS1 to BS3 that are continuous in the Y2-axis direction in a stepped manner are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 46 . The widths of the first grinding surface BS1, the second grinding surface BS2, and the third grinding surface BS3 in the direction of the center axis A5 are all equal to the relative moving amount (the guide feed 1L) of the grinding wheel 46 in the Y2-axis direction. The size of the radial step between the first grinding surface BS1 and the second grinding surface BS2 and the size of the radial step between the second grinding surface BS2 and the third grinding surface BS3 are both equal to 1/3 of the set amount (3Δ) that is considered the amount of cutting the workpiece W2 is predetermined by the surface grinding. Therefore, while the grinding wheel relatively moves from the front to the back along the X2 axis, the first grinding surface BS1 can grind the workpiece W2 by the cutting amount 1Δ. While the grinding wheel 46 relatively moves from the back to the front along the X2-axis, the second grinding surface BS2 can grind the same area by the cutting amount 1Δ. Similarly, while the grinding wheel 46 relatively moves from the front to the back along the X2 axis, the second grinding surface BS2 can grind the workpiece W2 by the cutting amount 1Δ. While the grinding wheel 46 relatively moves from the back to the front along the X2 axis, the third grinding surface BS3 can grind the same area by the cutting amount 1Δ. Therefore, since the top surface S1 of the workpiece W2 can be ground by the set amount (3Δ) set in advance while the grinding wheel 46 reaches the end on the front side of the workpiece W2 in the Y2-axis direction, the grinding time can be reduced. Since the workpiece W2 can be ground using a grinding surface whose width is three times the width of the first grinding surface BS1 in the Y2-axis direction, it is possible to distribute the grinding region in the grinding wheel 46 and shorten the life of the grinding wheel 46 impede. As described above, with the grinder of the fourth embodiment, similarly to the grinder 100 of the first embodiment, it is possible to shorten the grinding time while preventing the life of the grinding wheel 46 from being shortened.

E. Other embodiments:

A further embodiment E1: In the embodiments, the relative movement of the grinding wheels 46, 146, 246 is realized by the movement of the tables 40, 240. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this. Instead of the tables 40, 240 or in addition to the tables 40, 240, the relative movement of the grinding wheels 46, 146, 246 can be realized by the movement of the grinding heads 48, 248. In this configuration, according to the first to fourth embodiments, the grinding heads 48, 248 are movable in the direction parallel to the rotating shaft of the workpiece W1. A grinding head according to a fifth embodiment is movable in the X2-axis direction and in the Y2-axis direction.

Another embodiment E2: In the embodiments, the dressing can be performed between the relative movement and the relative movement of the grinding wheel 46 . For example, the dressing can be done between the forward path and the reverse path.

Another embodiment E3: In the embodiments, the number of grinding faces of the grinding wheels 46, 146 is three or more. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this. The number can be any integer that is two or greater. For example, in the configuration where the number of grinding faces is four, the size of the radial step between the adjacent grinding faces is set to 1/4 of the set amount, which is predetermined as the cutting amount in the cutting direction, so that the same effects as in the embodiments can be achieved. That is, in general, in the first to third embodiments, it is also possible to use a configuration in which M (M is an integer that is two or more) grinding surfaces that are continuous in the traverse direction in a stepped manner, are formed on the outer peripheral surfaces of the grinding wheels 46, 146, 246. In the second embodiment, M (M is an integer that is two or more) grinding surfaces arranged to grind the workpiece W1 on the forward path, and N (N is an integer that is two or more) grinding surfaces, arranged to grind the workpiece W1 on the reverse path may be provided. In the fourth embodiment, it is also possible to use a configuration in which ring-shaped P (P is an integer that is two or more) grinding surfaces that are continuous in the second direction (the Y2-axis direction) in a stepped manner , are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel 46 . These configurations also have the same effects as the embodiments.

Another embodiment E4: In the embodiments, the grinders 100, 200 can include at least one of the three drive circuits 18 to 20, the programmable logic controller 14, the amplifier 16, the numerical control device 10 and the input and output device 12.

Another Embodiment E5: The width of the spark-outlet portion according to the embodiments is just an example and is not limited to the size described in the embodiments. For example, in the first and fourth embodiments, the width of the first spark-out portion SP1 is a size of two feed pitches (2L), but may be a size of any feed pitches such as one feed pitch (1L) or three feed pitches (3L). Alternatively, the width of the first spark-out portion SP1 may be set to 0 (zero), that is, the first spark-out portion SP1 may be omitted. Similarly, in the second embodiment, the width of the second spark-out portion SP2 may be an arbitrary guide pitch size, or the second spark-out portion SP2 may be omitted. In the third embodiment, the width of the third spark-out portion SP3 can be a size of any guide pitch, or the third spark-out portion SP3 can be omitted.

The present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be implemented by various configurations without departing from the gist of the present disclosure permission to deviate. For example, the technical features in the embodiments that correspond to the technical features in the aspects described in the summary may be replaced or combined as appropriate to solve part or all of the problems described above or to provide part or all of the effects described above achieve. Any of the technical features may be omitted as appropriate unless the technical feature is described as essential in the present specification.

A cylindrical grinder and a face grinder having a disk-shaped grinding wheel are provided. An outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel includes annular M pieces of grinding surfaces that are stepwise continuously in a traverse direction, where M is an integer that is two or more. The width of each of the M grinding sheets is equal to the relative movement of the grinding wheel in the traverse direction per rotation of a workpiece. A size of a radial step between grinding faces adjacent to each other among the M pieces of grinding faces is equal to 1/M of a set amount given as a cutting amount in a cutting direction on the workpiece in traverse grinding.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• JP S4870991A [0002]
• JP S5558972 A [0002]

Claims (4)

Cylindrical grinder with: a disc-shaped grinding wheel, wherein the cylindrical grinder is set up to perform traverse grinding by relatively moving the grinding wheel and a cylindrical workpiece in a cutting direction that crosses an axis of rotation of the workpiece and by relatively moving the grinding wheel and the workpiece in a traverse direction along the axis of rotation, wherein an outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel comprises ring-shaped M pieces of grinding surfaces that are continuous in the traverse direction stepwise, the M being an integer that is two or more, the outer peripheral surface being arranged such that a grinding surface formed at a rear side located in the traverse direction has a diameter larger than a diameter of a grinding surface located at a front side in the traverse direction, wherein a width of each of the M pieces of grinding surfaces is equal to a relative movement amount of the grinding wheel in the traverse direction per rotation of the workpiece, and wherein a size of a radial step between grinding faces adjacent to each other among the M pieces of grinding faces is equal to 1/M of a set amount predetermined as a cutting amount in the cutting direction on the workpiece in the traverse grinding. Cylindrical grinder according to claim 1 , wherein the outer peripheral surface further comprises a spark exit portion configured to perform spark exit, the spark exit portion being adjacent to an M-th grinding surface located on a rearmost side in the traverse direction below the M pieces of grinding surfaces, and has a diameter equal to that of the Mth grinding surface. Cylindrical grinder according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the grinding wheel performs the traverse grinding on the workpiece on both a forward path and a backward path of movement in the traverse direction, wherein the M pieces of grinding surfaces are arranged to grind the workpiece on the forward path, an outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel further annular N-pieces of grinding surfaces, which are continuously stepped in the traverse direction and arranged to grind the workpiece on the reverse path, wherein the N is an integer that is two or more, the outer peripheral surface is arranged such that a Grinding surface located on a rear side of the backward path has a diameter larger than a diameter of a grinding surface located on a front side of the backward path, wherein a width of each of the N-pieces of grinding surfaces is equal to the relative movement amount , and with a size of a radial stage between of grinding faces adjacent to each other among the N pieces of grinding faces is equal to 1/N of the specified amount, respectively. Surface grinder with: a disc-shaped grinding wheel, wherein the plane grinder is configured to perform grinding by moving the grinding wheel and/or a workpiece having a flat plate shape in a first direction and a second direction, which are perpendicular to each other, along a surface of the workpiece, wherein the second direction is parallel to an axis of rotation of the grinding wheel, wherein an outer peripheral surface of the grinding wheel comprises annular P-pieces of grinding surfaces that are stepwise continuous in the second direction, wherein the P is an integer that is two or more, the outer peripheral surface is arranged such that a grinding surface, which is at a rear side located in the second direction has a diameter that is larger than a diameter of an abrasive surface located on a front side in the second direction, where widths of P-pieces of grinding surfaces are equal to each other, wherein the grinding wheel surface grinds the workpiece in both a forward path and a reverse path of movement in the first direction and relatively moves in the second direction at ends of the forward path and the reverse path by a length equal to the widths of the P-pieces of corresponds to grinding surfaces, and wherein a magnitude of a radial step between grinding faces adjacent to each other among the P pieces of grinding faces is equal to 1/P of a set amount predetermined as a cutting amount on the workpiece in the face grinding.

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