DE102013006031A1 - Method for adhesive bonding of body components and motor vehicle body with procedurally joined body components - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for joining body components (110; 130a, 130b) in the manufacture of a motor vehicle, comprising the following method steps: - providing the body components (110; 130a, 130b); - applying a thermosetting adhesive; - Aligning and approaching the body components to be joined (110; 130a, 130b), these being pressed against one another on their joining surfaces to form adhesive seams (120a, 120b) and additionally at a fixing point (140) located outside the adhesive seams (120a, 120b) be rigidly connected; and heating, the body components (110; 130a, 130b) on the adhesive seams (120a, 120b) being able to perform a relative movement which is supported against the fixing point (140) in order to achieve different thermal expansions (B1) in the longitudinal direction (x) of the adhesive seams (120a , 120b) before the body components (110; 130a, 130b) are fixed to one another in the final relative position by the adhesive curing along the adhesive seams (120a, 120b). The invention further relates to a motor vehicle body (100) with body components (110; 130a, 130b) joined according to the method.

Description

The invention relates to a method for joining body components, which are to be joined together in the manufacture of a motor vehicle along at least one adhesive seam. The invention further relates to a motor vehicle body having at least two body parts joined according to the method.

The adhesive bonding and / or hybrid joining (combination of two or more joining methods, including gluing) of body components is known from the prior art. Adhesive bonds and so-called hybrid compounds are preferably also used for joining body components, which are formed from different materials. The problem here is the different thermal expansion of the body parts to be joined together. In the patents EP 1 845 013 B1 . DE 10 2004 050 933 A1 and DE 10 2008 064 005 A1 is the joining of an aluminum sheet roof with steel body components by means of adhesive joints and / or hybrid joining described, with different thermal expansions are taken into account.

The invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned that at least one associated with the prior art disadvantage does not or at least only to a reduced extent.

This object is achieved by a method according to the invention with the features of claim 1. With the independent claim, the solution of the problem also extends to a motor vehicle body according to the invention, the at least two added to the process according to the invention body parts or at least one prepared by the method according to the invention body composite having. Preferred developments and refinements emerge analogously for both subject matters of the invention both from the dependent claims and from the following explanations.

• – Bereitstellen eines ersten Karosseriebauteils und wenigstens eines zweiten Karosseriebauteils, die entlang wenigstens einer, insbesondere sich längserstreckenden, Klebenaht miteinander gefügt werden sollen;
• – Auftragen eines thermisch härtenden Klebstoffs auf wenigstens eine Fügefläche des ersten Karosseriebauteils und/oder auf wenigstens eine Fügefläche des zweiten Karosseriebauteils;
• – Ausrichten und Annähern der zu fügenden Karosseriebauteile, wobei die Karosseriebauteile an ihren Fügeflächen unter Ausbildung der Klebenaht aneinander gepresst werden (und hierbei vorläufig fixiert werden) und zusätzlich an einer sich außerhalb dieser Klebenaht befindenden Fixierstelle mit Hilfe wenigstens eines Fügehilfselements starr miteinander gefügt bzw. verbunden werden;
• – Erwärmen der durch die bisherigen Maßnahmen vorgefügten bzw. vorläufig fixierten Karosseriebauteile, wobei die Karosseriebauteile an der Klebenaht zunächst eine sich gegen die Fixierstelle abstützende Relativbewegung zueinander ausführen können, wodurch unterschiedliche Wärmeausdehnungen der Karosseriebauteile in Längsrichtung der Klebenaht ermöglicht werden, bevor schließlich die Karosseriebauteile durch den entlang der Klebenaht aushärtenden Klebstoff in der endgültigen Relativlage miteinander fixiert werden.

The method according to the invention for joining body components in the manufacture of a motor vehicle comprises at least the following method steps:

• Providing a first body component and at least one second body component which are to be joined together along at least one, in particular longitudinal, adhesive seam;
• - Applying a thermosetting adhesive on at least one joining surface of the first body component and / or on at least one joining surface of the second body component;
• Aligning and approaching the body parts to be joined, wherein the body components are pressed against each other at their joining surfaces (and thereby temporarily fixed) and additionally rigidly joined or connected to one another at a fixing point located outside this adhesive seam with the aid of at least one joining auxiliary element become;
• Heating of the body components pre-fitted or provisionally fixed by the previous measures, wherein the body components on the adhesive seam can first carry out a relative movement supported against the fixing point, whereby different thermal expansions of the body components in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive seam are made possible, before finally the body components through the along the adhesive seam curing adhesive are fixed together in the final relative position.

The body components to be joined together are preferably structural and / or add-on parts, wherein in particular at least one of the body components, for example the first one, has a planar extension. The body components to be joined together are formed with joining sections (or joining flanges or adhesive flanges) on which the joining surfaces or adhesive surfaces are arranged. Since different joining techniques are used in the method according to the invention, this can also be referred to as hybrid joining, despite the differences compared to the hybrid joining methods known from the prior art.

Unlike the methods known from the prior art method is in the inventive method, as long as the adhesive is not cured, caused by different thermal expansion of the body parts relative movement between the body components methodically intends, the body components during heating in the state of maximum thermal expansion be permanently fixed together by the curing adhesive in the intended final relative position. During the subsequent cooling, a stress state and in particular also a deformation arises at least in the body component with the greater thermal expansion, which is constructively intended and advantageous and in particular also contributes to achieving the desired geometry. At least the body component with the greater thermal expansion is designed accordingly. Accordingly, the method according to the invention not only takes into account a different thermal expansion between the body components to be joined, but makes targeted use of them.

A fixing point, which acts as a fixed bearing, in particular for the first body component, between the body components to be joined, which is formed by at least one joining auxiliary element, is referred to as a fixing point. At this common fixing the body components are rigidly connected to each other, so that they can perform at this juncture no relative movement and in particular no translational relative movement to each other. The fixation point can be a point (connection point), a line (connection line), or a surface (connection surface). A fixing point can have a plurality of joining auxiliary elements.

The fixing point serves as a reference or as an abutment for the thermal expansion occurring between the body components during heating and the resulting relative movement. Starting from this fixing point, the body components, or at least one of these body parts (which is in particular the first body component, which preferably along the glued seam has a greater thermal expansion than the second body component), expand when heated and in particular expand differently, preferably in only one of the fixing point pioneering and predetermined in particular by structural design and / or by process design longitudinal direction, so that it comes along the glued seam to a relative movement. The fixing point thus acts as a fixed bearing.

When heating, the method configuration according to the invention allows a relative movement of the first body component relative to the second body component in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive seam (before curing of the adhesive), wherein the first body component has a greater thermal expansion than the second body component. Any relative movement between the body components occurring in the transverse direction to the respective adhesive seam is negligible with respect to the relative movement occurring in the longitudinal direction of this adhesive seam or can be eliminated or compensated with the measures known from the prior art (as stated at the outset).

It is envisaged that the fixing point is outside the adhesive seam. If a plurality of adhesive seams provided, the fixing is at least outside of the adhesive seam on the amount of the largest and / or the most critical relative movement (Hauptrelativbewegung) between the corresponding Fügeflanschen the body components takes place, and this is in particular also those adhesive seam, at by constructive design and / or is predetermined by the process design a relative movement of the body components in a direction away from the fixing longitudinal direction. The fixing point and the at least one joining auxiliary element included therein thus have no disturbing influence on the relative movement between the body components on the relevant adhesive seam. The heating may preferably take place in connection with a painting process. In particular, it is a cathodic dip coating (KTL process). Here, temperatures of about 180 ° C to 220 ° C occur.

The adhesive is in particular a thermosetting, d. H. by curing heat-curing, adhesive to achieve a durable and highly resilient adhesive bond (so-called structural adhesive). In particular, it is provided that the adhesive does not spontaneously harden when heat is applied in order to allow the intended relative movement of the body components on the adhesive seam. D. h., The adhesive used is particularly optimized for curing with Bauteilglleitung.

It is preferably provided that the body components to be joined are formed of different materials. It is preferably provided that one of the body parts is made of an aluminum material and the other body part is made of a steel material. The body component formed from aluminum material is, for example, a roof panel. The body component formed from steel material is, for example, a roof rail or roof rail formed of sheet steel, which may belong to a side part or a side wall assembly of the motor vehicle body.

The joining auxiliary element can be a resistance welding element. The use of a resistance welding element has proven to be very effective both from a process engineering and economical point of view. Furthermore, a resistance welding element requires no additional space (space neutral) and is no longer visible after joining (invisible). In the following, reference is made to the relevant state of the art (see, for example, US Pat. EP 2 127 797 A1 ).

It is particularly preferred that at least one floating bearing connecting the body components is provided along the adhesive seam, which on the one hand prevents separation or detachment of the body components on the adhesive seam in question prior to curing of the adhesive, and on the other hand enables the relative movement of the body components along the respective adhesive seam , In particular, the non-locating bearing serves, upon heating, for a relative movement of the first body component relative to the second body component allow, wherein the first body component has a greater thermal expansion than the second body component. The non-locating bearing is formed from bearing elements and in particular from corresponding bearing elements on the first body component and / or on the second body component, which are positively connected and in particular also permanently connected to each other when the body components to be joined are pressed against one another. Dissolution or removal of the floating bearing after the curing of the adhesive is typically not required and also not provided.

The adhesive seam may have a curvature along its longitudinal course, in particular such that the adhesive flanges or joining flanges of the body components follow a common curvature, wherein an adhesive flange is arranged on the outside and the other adhesive flange is arranged on the inside. A loose bearing, as previously explained, allows in such a curved adhesive seam course a spatial guidance of the Fügeflansche along the glued seam course and prevents separation of the Fügeflansche in the relative movement. Preferably, as many movable bearings are provided along the glued seam course, as minimally required, and this also depends on the specific design of the movable bearing. A movable bearing can be formed from a slot and a bolt guided in this slot. A movable bearing can also be formed by at least one elastic spring tongue. Furthermore, a movable bearing can be formed by a rail-like Bördelfalzverbindung. These preferred embodiments for a floating bearing will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS.

A motor vehicle body according to the invention, which is in particular a motor vehicle body for a passenger car, comprises a first body component and at least one second body component, which are joined by a method according to the invention, in particular to a body component composite. It is preferably provided that the first body component is a roof plate and the second body component is roof longitudinal members, which belong in particular to side parts or side wall assemblies, wherein the roof plate is joined along each adhesive seam with these roof side members and in addition to an outside this adhesive seams located fixing point is joined or rigidly connected to a rear roof cross member. It is particularly preferably provided that the roof panel of a steel material and particularly preferably of an aluminum material, in particular of an aluminum sheet, and the roof longitudinal members of a steel material, in particular of a steel sheet, are formed.

The invention will now be described by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the figures. The features shown in the figures and / or explained below may, regardless of specific feature combinations, be general features of the invention.

1 shows in a plan view of an unfinished vehicle body of a passenger car (PKW).

2 schematically shows in a side view of the course of the joining surfaces for the longitudinally extending adhesive seams between the roof panel and the roof rails on the vehicle body 1 , after placing the roof panel.

3a / b show in sectional views a first possible embodiment for a floating bearing on a longitudinally extending adhesive seam according to 2 , before placing the roof panel and after placing the roof panel.

4a / b show in sectional views a second embodiment of a floating bearing according to a longitudinally extending adhesive seam according to 2 , before placing the roof panel and after placing the roof panel.

5 shows a sectional view of a third embodiment of a floating bearing according to a longitudinally extending adhesive seam according to 2 , after placing the roof panel.

In the figures, the same reference numerals are used for identical and / or functionally identical components or components. The figures are schematic in nature and thus not to scale.

1 shows a still in the manufacturing and thus not yet finished Asked motor vehicle body 100 , The axes of the associated vehicle coordinate system are denoted by x and y. The x-axis represents the longitudinal direction (x-direction) and the y-axis represents the transverse direction (y-direction) on the vehicle body 100 , The height direction (z-direction) extends perpendicular to the x and y-axis (see 2 ).

The vehicle body 100 has a roof plate 110 on, along two in the longitudinal direction (x-direction) extending and substantially parallel adhesive seams 120a and 120b with the roof longitudinal members formed on the bodywork side parts 130a and 130b is added. The adhesive seams 120a and 120b can also be referred to as longitudinal adhesive seams or lateral adhesive seams. The in the plan view shown substantially straight adhesive seams 120a and 120b have a curvature in the z-direction in the longitudinal direction, as described below with reference to 2 explained in more detail. With 150 is a rear between the roof panel 110 and a rear roof cross member 160 in the transverse direction (y-direction) extending adhesive seam. The roof plate 110 is in addition, as with the individual fixation point 140 illustrated and explained in more detail below, rigid with the rear roof cross member 160 connected or joined. With 170 is a front between the roof panel 110 and a front roof cross member 180 also in the transverse direction (y-direction) extending adhesive seam.

In the case of the adhesive seams 120a . 120b . 150 and 170 used adhesive is a thermosetting adhesive having a preferred curing temperature of 180 ° C to 220 ° C. The curing of the adhesive takes place during a cathodic dip painting process, wherein the vehicle body 100 is heated to a temperature of about 180 ° C to 220 ° C. The adhesive seams 120a . 120b . 150 and 170 In addition to the joining or connecting function, they can also have a sealing function and a protective function against corrosion, in particular contact corrosion.

The roof plate 110 and the roof crossbeams 160 and 180 are formed of an aluminum material (so-called aluminum sheet roof and aluminum sheet roof cross member), whereas the roof rails 130a and 130b are formed of a steel material (sheet steel roof rails). The use of aluminum material allows a lightweight body construction, with the required roof strength or stiffness formed by the steel roof rails 130a and 130b is guaranteed. When heating the vehicle body 100 In the course of the cathodic dip painting process corresponds to the thermal expansion of the roof panel 110 in the transverse direction in about the thermal expansion of the roof cross member 160 and 180 (So that no significant relative movement between the roof plate in the transverse direction 110 and the roof crossbeams 160 and 180 occurs), whereas the roof panel 110 in the longitudinal direction, a significantly higher thermal expansion than the roof rails 130a and 130b reached. The differential thermal expansion along the relatively long adhesive seams 120a and 120b is particularly critical because of these lateral adhesive seams 120a and 120b amount in terms of size and with respect to the other adhesive seams, the largest thermal expansion differences occur and thus it comes to significant relative movements.

• – Auftragen des Klebstoffs auf die Fügeflächen bzw. Klebeflächen des Dachblechs 110 und/oder der Dachträger 130a, 130b, 160 und 180;
• – Ausrichten und Aufsetzen des Dachblechs 110, wobei die korrespondierenden Fügeflächen unter Ausbildung der Klebenähte 120a, 120b, 150 und 170 aneinander gepresst werden und wobei das Dachblech 110 zusätzlich am hinteren Dachquerträger 160 starr fixiert wird;
• – Erwärmen der Fahrzeugkarosserie 100, wobei das am hinteren Dachquerträger 160 fixierte Dachblech 110 entlang der in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Klebenähte 120a und 120b eine sich gegen die Fixierung am hinteren Dachquerträger 160 abstützende Relativbewegung (in +x-Richtung) gegenüber den Dachlängsträgern 130a und 130b ausführen kann, um dadurch die verhältnismäßig große Wärmeausdehnung (siehe Pfeile B1) des Dachblechs 110 in Längsrichtung der Klebenähte 120a und 120b zu ermöglichen, bevor schließlich das Dachblech 110 durch den entlang der Klebenähte 120a und 120b aushärtenden Klebstoff in seiner endgültigen Relativlage an den Dachlängsträgern 130a und 130b fixiert wird. Das Dachblech 110 wird demnach im Zustand der maximalen Wärmeausdehnung mit den Klebenähten 120a und 120b an den Dachlängsträgern 130a und 130b fixiert. Erst beim anschließenden Abkühlen wird die Sollgeometrie bzw. die Endform erreicht. Hierbei treten im Dachblech 110 mechanische Spannungen und Verformungen auf, die den Dachaufbau in beabsichtigter Weise stabilisieren. Das Dachblech 110 ist entsprechend ausgebildet, womit insbesondere gemeint ist, dass das Dachblech 110 in Längsrichtung kürzer ist bzw. das dessen Fügeflansche kürzer sind als die Dachlängsträger 130a und 130b bzw. deren Fügeflansche. Der verwendete Klebstoff ist derart beschaffen, dass dieser bei Wärmezufuhr nicht spontan aushärtet und somit an den Klebenähten 120a und 120b zunächst noch eine Gleitbewegung zwischen dem Dachblech 110 und den Dachlängsträgern 130a und 130b ermöglicht. Diese Gleitbewegung findet zwischen den korrespondierenden Fügeflächen an den Fügeabschnitten bzw. Fügeflanschen statt.

The following procedure is therefore according to the invention when joining the roof panel 110 intended:

• - Apply the adhesive to the joint surfaces or adhesive surfaces of the roof panel 110 and / or the roof rack 130a . 130b . 160 and 180 ;
• - Aligning and placing the roof panel 110 , wherein the corresponding joining surfaces to form the adhesive seams 120a . 120b . 150 and 170 pressed together and where the roof panel 110 in addition to the rear roof cross member 160 is fixed rigidly;
• - Heating the vehicle body 100 , where on the rear roof cross member 160 fixed roof sheet 110 along the longitudinal adhesive seams 120a and 120b one against the fixation on the rear roof cross member 160 supporting relative movement (in + x direction) with respect to the roof side members 130a and 130b thereby allowing the relatively large thermal expansion (see arrows B1) of the roof panel 110 in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive seams 120a and 120b before finally allowing the roof panel 110 through the along the adhesive seams 120a and 120b curing adhesive in its final relative position on the roof rails 130a and 130b is fixed. The roof plate 110 is therefore in the state of maximum thermal expansion with the adhesive seams 120a and 120b on the roof side rails 130a and 130b fixed. Only during the subsequent cooling, the desired geometry or the final shape is achieved. This occurs in the roof panel 110 mechanical stresses and deformations that stabilize the roof structure in an intentional manner. The roof plate 110 is designed accordingly, which means in particular that the roof panel 110 is shorter in the longitudinal direction or its Fügeflansche are shorter than the roof rails 130a and 130b or their joining flanges. The adhesive used is such that it does not cure spontaneously when heat is applied, and thus at the adhesive seams 120a and 120b initially a sliding movement between the roof panel 110 and the roof side rails 130a and 130b allows. This sliding movement takes place between the corresponding joining surfaces on the joining sections or joining flanges.

At the in 1 Shown embodiment, the roof panel 110 at the rear roof cross member 160 fixed and may expand when heated to the front (in the direction of travel or in the + x direction). The fixation acts as a fixed bearing and serves as a support for the forward sliding of the roof panel 110 as explained above. The fixation of the roof panel 110 thus takes place at the rear end of the lateral adhesive seams 120a and 120b but outside the longitudinal adhesive seams 120a and 120b , whereby the intended relative movement along these adhesive seams 120a and 120b can not be inhibited or adversely affected in any other way.

The roof plate 110 can be rigidly attached to the rear roof cross member using at least one resistance welding member (or the like) 160 be fixed. The fixation is in particular a line fixation, with multiple resistance welding elements for the fixation of the roof panel 110 at the rear roof cross member 160 are provided. Likewise, the roof panel could 110 on the front roof cross member 180 be fixed so that it can expand when heated to the rear (in the opposite direction or in the -x direction). It is also conceivable that roof panel 110 to fix on a central roof cross member, so that it can expand when heated from this fixing point in both directions (+ x / -x direction).

Simplifying is in 1 the fixing point for fixing the roof panel 110 at the rear roof cross member 160 through a single fixation point 140 illustrated. The fixation point 140 serves as a fixed bearing, pictorially represented with the fixed bearing symbol, for a against this fixation point 140 supporting relative movement of the roof panel 110 as explained above. In the example shown, the fixation point is located 140 centered on the rear roof cross member 160 , The fixation point 140 is thus located outside the longitudinal adhesive seams or longitudinal adhesive seams 120a and 120b on a vertical connecting line between the rear ends of these adhesive seams 120a and 120b (The same applies analogously to a line fixation with multiple resistance welding elements).

To prevent unintentional detachment of the roof panel prior to curing of the adhesive 110 on the longitudinal side adhesive seams 120a and 120b To prevent these are along these adhesive seams 120a and 120b several floating bearings 190 provided (but at least such a floating bearing per adhesive seam), which is illustrated by the illustrated floating bearing symbols. The mutually spaced movable bearing 190 on the one hand prevent detachment or separation of the roof panel 110 in z direction (see 2 ) and on the other hand allow a, caused by the different thermal expansion, guided relative movement of the roof panel 110 opposite the roof side rails 130a and 130b along the adhesive seams 120a and 120b before curing of the adhesive.

As in the schematic side view of 2 illustrated, the two have longitudinally extending adhesive seams 120a and 120b a curvature or crowning in the z direction. When placing the roof panel 110 be the corresponding joining surfaces including the adhesive K and the formation of adhesive seams 120a and 120b pressed together, with the roof panel 110 by the adhesive effect of the not yet cured adhesive on the adhesive seams 120a and 120b held in shape and position. The floating bearings 190 Here are the adhesive seams 120a and 120b relieve. Furthermore, allow the floating bearings 190 a spatial guidance during the thermal expansion of the roof panel 110 so that this in the relative movement of the through the roof rails 130a and 130b given curvature or curvature can follow, as in 2 illustrated by the arrows B1 and B2.

In 2 is the thermal expansion of the roof panel 110 in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive seams 120a and 120b illustrated with the arrow B1 (see also 1 ). The roof plate 110 relies here against the fixation on the rear cross member 160 (illustrated with the fixing point 140 ), as previously explained. The lower thermal expansion of the roof rails 130a and 130b is illustrated with the arrow B2 (it applies: B1> B2). Starting from the fixation point 140 , where the fixation point 140 outside the adhesive seams 120a and 120b If both thermal expansions B1 and B2 are in the same direction (+ x direction). Due to the different thermal expansion amounts, it comes to a floating bearing 190 Guided relative movement between the corresponding joining surfaces or adhesive surfaces on the adhesive seams 120a and 120b as previously explained. Hereinafter, referring to the 3 to 5 various design options for the floating bearing 190 explained. The representations correspond to those in 1 indicated section AA.

3 shows a first embodiment, in which a floating bearing 190 is formed from a slot and a run in this slot bolts. The composite of several sheet metal parts roof rails 130a , which belongs to a side part or a side wall assembly, has a joining flange 132a with a joining surface or adhesive surface formed thereon 133a on, at the approximately a z-direction projecting bolt 191 with a gripping portion 192 is arranged. It is preferably a metallic welding stud which is connected to the joining flange 132a is welded. Alternatively, it may also be a plastic bolt, which in a suitable manner at the joining flange 132a is attached. Furthermore, this points with the roof rails 130a to be joined roof sheet 110 an inwardly shaped edge portion acting as a joining flange 112a on, with a joining surface or adhesive surface formed thereon 113a , In the area of the floating bearing 190 has the joint flange 112a the roof panel 110 a slot 195 on, what by the detail representation in 3a is illustrated. The arrangement of bolts 191 and long hole 195 can also be reversed.

After the glue K on the joining surface 133a of the roof rail 130a was applied, the roof panel can 110 in the vertical direction (-z-direction) are placed, this with its joining section 112a against the joining section or joining flange 132a of the roof rail 130a what is pressed in 3a is illustrated with the arrow F. This is where the bolt engages 191 in the slot 195 a, wherein it between the gripping portion 192 of the bolt 191 and the hole edges of the slot 195 comes to a positive locking, whereby the roof panel 110 is held in the z-direction. This is in 3b shown. Nevertheless, as long as the adhesive K has not yet cured, the joining section can 112a the roof panel 110 relative to the joining section 132a of the roof side member 130a Move, with the hole edges of the slot 195 at the bolt 191 push past. The joining section 112a the roof panel 110 is here not only held in z-directions, but also in the transverse direction (y-direction) out. Even with not yet cured adhesive K thus almost takes place a fixation of the roof panel 110 in the y and z directions. At the same time in a structurally predetermined longitudinal direction (namely, in the + x direction) a guided thermal expansion of the roof panel 110 allows. The joint 137a can be sealed with a seal or sealant.

4 shows a second embodiment, in which a floating bearing 190 is formed by at least one elastic spring tongue or spring tongue. This is in the joining section 132a adjacent frame area 134a of the roof side member 130a at least one spring tongue 135a arranged, which is formed in the embodiment shown by cutting and molding or exhibiting the sheet metal material, which by the individual representation in 4a is illustrated. The one-piece with the roof rails 130a trained spring tongue 135a can have any suitable geometry. It is preferably provided that the spring tongue 135a is tied at its upper end and facing down. The spring tongue can alternatively also in the frame section 114a the roof panel 110 be arranged. Instead of a single spring tongue several such spring tongues can be provided.

The roof plate 110 is also placed in the vertical direction (-z-direction) and with the force F against the roof rails 130a pressed, the spring tongue 135a is elastically bent and due to restoring forces at its free lower tongue end against the frame portion 114a the roof panel 110 suppressed. By clamping or possibly even by self-locking is the roof panel 110 held in z direction. This is in 4b shown. Nevertheless, as long as the adhesive K has not yet cured, the joining section can 112a the roof panel 110 relative to the joining section 132a of the roof rail 130a move. This is the roof panel 110 through the on both roof side rails 130a and 130b trained spring tongues 135a (respectively 135b ) guided and centered. Again, there is already a fixation of the roof sheet at not yet cured adhesive K 110 in the y and z directions. At the same time in a structurally predetermined longitudinal direction (namely in the + x direction) is a guided thermal expansion of the roof panel 110 authorized. At this thermal expansion B1 of the roof panel 110 and the resulting relative movement relative to the roof side members 130a and 130b can also be the corresponding Zargenabschnitte 114a and 134a have a leadership role (this also applies to the other execution options).

In this embodiment, a movable bearing is a special preparation of the roof panel 110 not mandatory. However, in the frame section 114a the roof panel 110 an edge or the like are formed by the spring tongue 135a , elastically latching, can be engaged behind. Furthermore, this embodiment is weight neutral. The joint 137a can be sealed with a seal or sealant.

5 shows a third embodiment, in which a floating bearing 190 by a rail-like Bördelfalzverbindung between the joint section 132a of the roof side member 130a and the joining section 112a the roof panel 110 is formed, what the edge 116a of the joining section 112a on the roof panel 110 after placing the roof panel 110 around the edge of the joint section 132a on the roof side rail 130a is bent around. Advantageously, the guide length of such a floating bearing 190 be set constructively. Along the adhesive seam 120a can a number of floating bearings formed in this way 190 be provided. It can also be provided that such a hem flange connection over the entire length of the adhesive seam 120a or over the entire adhesive seam course, or at least over a structurally determined longitudinal section of the glued seam course, so that the joining flange or joining section 112a the roof panel 110 not punctually (as in the previously described embodiments), but is guided like a rail. As a result, a fixation of the roof panel is virtually already carried out when the adhesive K has not cured 110 in the y and z directions. At the same time in a structurally predetermined longitudinal direction (namely in the + x direction) is a guided thermal expansion of the roof panel 110 allows. The joint 137a can in turn be sealed with a seal or sealant.

The previously explained embodiments for a floating bearing 190 allow easy and trouble-free placement of the roof panel 110 in the vertical direction (-z-direction). Preferred are so many floating bearings 190 along a glued seam course 120a respectively. 120b provided as minimal required. The distance between the floating bearings 190 to each other along the gluing seam course 120a respectively. 120b may for example be in the range of 100 mm to 500 mm. The illustrated embodiments can also be combined.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

vehicle body

110

roof panel

112

Joining section (joining flange, adhesive flange)

113

Joining surface (adhesive surface)

114

frame section

116

edge

120

lateral adhesive seam

130

lateral roof rails

132

Joining section (joining flange, adhesive flange)

133

Joining surface (adhesive surface)

134

Frame section (frame area)

135

Spring tongue (tab)

137

Gap

140

Fixation point (fixed storage)

150

rear adhesive seam

160

rear roof cross member

170

front adhesive seam

180

front roof cross member

190

movable bearing

191

bolt

192

cross section

195

Long hole

B1

Thermal expansion (roof panel)

B2

Thermal expansion (roof rails)

F

Pressing force (joining force)

K

adhesive

x

Longitudinal direction (vehicle coordinate system)

y

Transverse direction (vehicle coordinate system)

z

Height direction (vehicle coordinate system)

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1845013 B1 [0002]
• DE 102004050933 A1 [0002]
• DE 102008064005 A1 [0002]
• EP 2127797 A1 [0014]

Claims (10)

Method for joining body components in the manufacture of a motor vehicle, comprising the following method steps: - providing a first body component ( 110 ) and at least one second body component ( 130 ) along at least one adhesive seam ( 120 ) are to be joined together; Applying a thermosetting adhesive (K) to at least one joining surface ( 113 ) of the first body component ( 110 ) and / or on at least one joining surface ( 133 ) of the second body component ( 130 ); Aligning and approaching the body components to be joined ( 110 . 130 ), the body components ( 110 . 130 ) at their joining surfaces ( 113 . 133 ) forming the adhesive seam ( 120 ) are pressed together and in addition to an outside of this adhesive seam ( 120 ) located fixing point ( 140 ) are rigidly connected to one another with the aid of at least one joining auxiliary element; and - heating the body components ( 110 . 130 ), whereby these at the adhesive seam ( 120 ) first against the fixation site ( 140 ) can perform supporting relative movement to each other to different thermal expansions (B1, B2) of the body components ( 110 . 130 ) in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive seam ( 120 ) before the body components ( 110 . 130 ) through the along the adhesive seam ( 120 ) curing adhesive (K) are fixed together in the final relative position. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the body components to be joined ( 110 . 130 ) are formed of different materials. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the joining auxiliary element is a resistance welding element. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that along the adhesive seam ( 120 ) at least one of the body components ( 110 . 130 ) connecting floating bearing ( 190 ), which is a separation of the body components ( 110 . 130 ) before curing of the adhesive (K), but prevents the relative movement of the body components ( 110 . 130 ) along the adhesive seam ( 120 ). Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the non-locating bearing ( 190 ) from a slot ( 195 ) and one in this slot ( 195 ) guided bolt ( 191 ) is formed. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the non-locating bearing ( 190 ) by at least one elastic spring tongue ( 135 ) is formed. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the non-locating bearing ( 190 ) is formed by a rail-like Bördelfalzverbindung. Motor vehicle body ( 100 ), in particular for a passenger car, comprising a first body component and at least one second body component, which are joined by a method according to one of the preceding claims. Motor vehicle body ( 100 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that it is in the joined body parts to a roof panel ( 110 ) and two roof rails ( 130a . 130b ), wherein the roof panel ( 110 ) along each adhesive seam ( 120a . 120b ) with these roof side rails ( 130a . 130b ) and in addition to one outside of these adhesive seams ( 120a . 120b ) fixing point ( 140 ) with a rear roof cross member ( 160 ) is rigidly connected. Motor vehicle body ( 100 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the roof panel ( 110 ) of an aluminum material and the roof rails ( 130a . 130b ) are formed of a steel material.

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