DE102011075927A1 - Multifunctional power converter circuit for switching switching-network into different switching states during e.g. charging high-volt battery in electric car, has inductor connected to terminal for providing voltage to another terminal - Google Patents

Abstract

The circuit (40) has a bridge circuit (42) comprising three inductors (44a-44c) that are connected to central nodes (45a-45c) of respective half-bridges (42a-42c). One of the inductors is connected to a direct voltage terminal (18) over a switching-network (46) in a switching state (52) of the switching-network in order to provide direct current (DC) voltage (V18ab) to the voltage terminal based on voltage that is applied to another direct voltage terminal (32) or to provide another DC voltage (V32ab) to the latter voltage terminal based on the voltage applied to the former voltage terminal. An independent claim is also included for a method for operating a power converter circuit.

Description

Technical area

Embodiments according to the present invention relate to a power converter circuit for multifunctional current direction, such. B. from DC to DC (DC / DC), DC to AC (DC / AC) and AC to DC (AC / DC), by means of a switching network, a bridge circuit, for example in the form of power electronics, and chokes. Possible fields of application for such power converter circuits are devices for charging or discharging batteries in electric vehicles or similar applications. An embodiment according to the present invention provides a multi-functional power converter for the direction of current from DC to DC, DC to AC, and AC to DC.

Background of the invention

Currently, the batteries in electric vehicles are often charged with a corresponding charger via a (low voltage network) AC power cable. Such a charge occurs, for example, either one-or three-phase. By using battery inverters, energy can be fed back into an AC voltage network or into an isolated grid, or an isolated grid can be formed.

Most AC / DC converters can also be directly connected to a DC power grid or other DC power sources, such as a DC generator or inductive power transformer, thereby charging the battery. A return to the DC voltage network is conventionally possible only by an additional DC / DC converter.

Most current chargers can charge with both types of voltage. However, it was found out that in the course of the future planned grid feedback (eg from batteries previously charged with renewable energy), for grid support or buffering, a bidirectional, intelligent charger is needed, which also cabling the absorbed energy to the power grid contactless again make available.

To provide such a charging infrastructure with the possibilities to feed back energy into DC networks and AC networks, conventionally several modules are used. These are expensive, have a high space requirement and a high weight, as will be explained below in the prior art.

4 shows a commonly used charging infrastructure 10 , which is a first DC-DC converter 12 , an AC-to-DC converter 14 and a second DC-DC converter 16 includes. The three converters 12 . 14 and 16 are via a common direct voltage network 15 connected with each other. The common direct voltage network 15 structurally consists of a first Y-connection 15a between the three converters 12 . 14 and 16 for the first pole of the common DC voltage network and from a second Y-connection 15b for the second pole of the common DC voltage network.

The first DC-DC converter 12 is via a first DC voltage connection 18 which has a first pole 18a and a second pole 18b having, with a direct voltage network 20 connected and so can a DC voltage V _18ab from a DC voltage source 20 Respectively. The AC to DC converter 14 is over three phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c a three-phase AC voltage connection 24 for each one phase of the AC voltage V _24a , V _24b and V _24c with an AC voltage network 26 connected. The second DC-DC converter 16 has a second DC voltage connection 32 who has a first pole 32a and a second pole 32b includes, and can be such. B. with a battery 30 be connected. The DC-DC converter 16 is used to adapt a DC voltage V _32ab or a charging current for the battery 30 ,

Thus, the charging infrastructure allows 10 a charge of the battery 30 from an AC voltage network 26 and from a direct voltage network 20 such as a generator, a super capacitor (also referred to as a super cap) or similar device. All components of the charging infrastructure 10 work bidirectionally and can thus use the energy from the battery 30 compliant with the AC voltage network 26 or the DC voltage network 20 back dine. Such a charging infrastructure, which three individual transducers 12 . 14 and 16 includes, has a large footprint, a high weight requirement and causes high costs.

In the following, the prior art is based on five publications for charging systems and methods for charging a battery of a vehicle and / or for a vehicle with a such charging system described. In some of the published documents, existing components in a vehicle are used for the charge or the feedback in order to solve the space or weight problem. These are, for example, power electronics of the drive inverter and motor windings.

In the published patent application DE 10 2009 033 185 A1 a device is described which charges the battery via the power electronics of the drive inverter. The inverter is used as a passive rectifier. In this case, essentially a change-DC direction takes place; This is operated in the drive mode amplitude and frequency variable. By a switching device either the motor or the AC mains is switched to the drive inverter. However, it was recognized that this system is not regenerative. Furthermore, it has been recognized that apparently no bidirectional exchange, simultaneously or not simultaneously, can be made with another DC source.

In the published patent application DE 10 2009 017 087 A1 It is also assumed that the battery is being charged via the power electronics of the drive inverter and the motor windings. In this case, essentially a DC-DC voltage conversion takes place. A contactless energy transmission path is connected to a neutral point of the motor. Here, the motor windings form the inductors. The inverter is used in conjunction with the motor windings as a boost converter. In the drive mode, a DC-AC conversion is amplitude and frequency-variable operated. However, it was recognized that this galvanically isolated system is not regenerative and can not be bidirectional exchange, simultaneously or not simultaneously, with an AC source.

The publication DE 10 2009 021 797 A1 also describes a concept for charging the battery via the power electronics of the drive converter and the motor windings, wherein essentially takes place a DC-DC voltage conversion. A galvanically isolating and wired mains charging device is connected to a neutral point of the motor. Similar to the concept according to the publication DE 10 2009 017 087 A1 the inverter is used as a boost converter, with the motor windings forming the inductors. In the drive mode, an AC-DC voltage conversion is amplitude and frequency-variable operated.

It was recognized that the system is not regenerative and can not be operated bidirectionally, simultaneously or not simultaneously.

Another concept for charging the battery via the power electronics of the drive converter and the motor windings is in the published patent application DE 10 2009 007 960 A1 described. The mains charging device is based on a DC-DC voltage conversion, which is connected to the neutral point of the motor and is not galvanic separating. The inverter is used as a boost converter with the motor windings forming the inductors. In the drive mode is also analogous to the described systems, a DC-AC voltage conversion amplitude and frequency-operated variable. It was recognized that the system is not regenerative and can not bidirectionally, simultaneously or not simultaneously, with other DC sources.

The publication DE 10 2009 033 955 A1 describes a charging device for a battery on the power electronics of the drive and the motor windings, which is capable of being regenerated. In the case of charging, an AC-DC voltage conversion essentially takes place. The device for network connection is coupled to a switching unit which separates the neutral point of the motor and at the same time connects the windings of the motor. The inverter is used as an active rectifier with the motor windings forming the inductors. In the drive mode, a DC-AC conversion is amplitude and frequency-variable operated. The system described is one-or three-phase capable of feeding back, but it is difficult to comply with the appropriate standards in the power feedback, since the motor windings are often not designed for such use. It has been recognized, however, that no simultaneous charging of the battery by a single-phase AC voltage and a DC voltage with the same power electronics is possible; As a result, either a connection of an AC voltage source would be single-phase or a connection of an AC voltage source three-phase or a connection of a DC voltage source possible. Furthermore, it can be seen that a DC source charge or recovery of energy in a DC network with large losses, due to the topology, would be connected.

The object of the present invention is to provide a power converter circuit which provides a better compromise of space, weight, cost and versatility.

Summary of the invention

The object is achieved by a converter circuit according to claim 1.

A power converter circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a bridge circuit having three half bridges, three reactors each connected to a center node of a half bridge, and a switching network configured to switchably connect the three reactors to an AC terminal and a first DC terminal connect. The power converter circuit further comprises a second DC voltage terminal, which is connected to a first common potential lead of the bridge circuit and a second common potential lead of the bridge circuit.

The power converter circuit is configured to place the switching network in a first switching state, in which the three reactors are coupled via the switching network to three different phase terminals of the AC terminal to provide or based on an AC voltage at the AC terminal based on a DC voltage applied to the second DC terminal to provide a DC voltage at the AC voltage terminal applied to the AC voltage terminal at the second DC voltage terminal.

The power converter circuit is also configured to place the switching network in a second switching state, in which a first choke of the three reactors is coupled via the switching network to one of the phase terminals of the AC voltage terminal, based on a voltage applied to the second DC voltage terminal at the AC voltage terminal To provide AC voltage or to provide a DC voltage at the second DC voltage terminal based on a voltage applied to the AC voltage terminal, and in which a further choke of the three reactors is coupled via the switching network to the first DC voltage terminal, based on a voltage applied to the second DC voltage terminal at the DC first DC voltage terminal to provide a DC voltage or based on a voltage applied to the first DC voltage terminal DC voltage at the second Gleichspannu ngsanschluss to provide a DC voltage.

The realization of the present invention is that the converter circuit by a clever connection of the switching network, the three chokes and the bridge circuit with the three half-bridges for both the DC-DC voltage conversion between the first DC voltage connection and the second DC voltage connection or vice versa and for the AC voltage DC-DC conversion from the AC terminal to the second DC voltage terminal or vice versa used and also over these three reactors and the bridge circuit enables a simultaneous DC-DC voltage conversion and AC-DC conversion using the first and the second DC voltage terminal and the AC voltage terminal ,

It has been recognized that the range of a vehicle, and in particular of an electric vehicle, also depends substantially on the weight carried; Therefore, in advantageous embodiments existing components such. B. chokes or bridge circuits used for multiple applications. In a vehicle, the space is limited and can be achieved by further integration of the power electronics z. B. be used for the battery. Another advantage is the cost minimization achieved by reducing the number of components due to dual use of existing components.

Further embodiments of the present power converter circuit are configured to select the switching network in a selectable, depending on a state selection information in one of at least five achievable by the power converter circuit switching states, each of which a different voltage conversion is provided with the aid of three chokes and the three half-bridges offset:
The first switching state is used for the conversion of three-phase AC voltage, which is applied to three different phase terminals of the AC voltage terminal, in DC voltage at the second DC voltage connection or vice versa. The second switching state serves for the simultaneous conversion between a single-phase AC voltage which is applied to a phase connection of the AC voltage terminal with respect to a neutral conductor or between two phase terminals of the AC voltage terminal, and DC voltage at the second DC voltage terminal, while providing a DC voltage at the same first DC voltage connection. In that one or more half bridges of the bridge circuit, which are connected between the common potential guides and the AC voltage connection or between the common potential guides and the In this second switching state, a total of four different conversion modes are possible, such as the conversion of DC voltage at the second DC voltage terminal into DC voltage at the first DC voltage terminal, while providing AC voltage at the AC voltage terminal, or the conversion of AC voltage at the AC voltage terminal into DC voltage at the second DC voltage terminal, with simultaneous conversion of DC voltage at the first DC voltage terminal to DC voltage at the second DC voltage terminal; the other two modes are conversion of DC voltage at the first DC voltage terminal to DC voltage at the second DC voltage terminal while providing AC voltage at the AC voltage terminal or converting AC voltage at the AC voltage terminal to DC voltage at the second DC voltage terminal while converting DC voltage at the second DC voltage terminal in DC voltage at the first DC voltage terminal.

A third switching state allows the conversion of single-phase AC voltage at the AC voltage terminal into DC voltage at the second DC voltage terminal or vice versa. In a fourth switching state, a conversion of a so-called "split phase" is enabled via the three reactors and the bridge circuit, ie a two-phase AC voltage, wherein the first phase between a first phase terminal and a second phase terminal of the AC voltage terminal is applied and wherein the second rotated by 180 ° phase the AC voltage between a third phase terminal and the second phase terminal of the AC voltage terminal is applied, in DC voltage at the second DC voltage terminal or vice versa allows. The second phase connection of the AC voltage terminal serves as neutral connection. The fifth switching state is used to convert DC voltage into DC voltage between the first and second DC voltage terminals. It should be noted at this point that the conversion of DC voltage into DC voltage between the first and second DC voltage connection is understood to mean both the provision of DC voltage at the first DC voltage connection based on DC voltage at the second voltage range connection and vice versa. An advantage of the achieved by the various switching states multifunctionality is that, for example, a battery on the second DC power connection via various voltage forms such as single-phase or three-phase AC voltage or DC voltage, z. B. via an inductive energy exchanger or a solar panel can be charged. If necessary, a simultaneous charge via different forms of energy, ie DC and AC voltage possible. Another advantageous application is the intermediate storage of energy in a further energy storage, such. B. a super-capacitor having a different energy storage characteristic, by means of the first DC voltage connection. Another advantage is that the power converter can also be operated with split phase, which is particularly important with regard to use in the North American market. Another advantage is that in the fifth switching state, the DC-DC voltage conversion can be done with maximum power, even if each one of the three half-bridges should be designed for only one third of the maximum power, since in this switching state all three half-bridges together with the three chokes can be used.

In embodiments of the power converter circuit, three half-bridges each having at least two bridge switches, which are preferably realized by semiconductor components, are used for the bridge circuit. The advantage here is that semiconductor devices are inexpensive and can be controlled by a (eg external) logic, for example, by suitable control of the bridge switch to allow the conversion of AC voltage to DC voltage and vice versa with the aid of the chokes, for example, by a suitable choice the time relationships one direction of an energy flow is adjustable.

To determine the respective switching state, the switching network may comprise three switches for switchable, selective coupling of the three inductors to the three phase terminals of the AC voltage connection. Furthermore, in embodiments, the coupling of the first DC voltage connection to the three reactors is realized via three switches for switchable, selective coupling. These switches for the coupling of the DC voltage connection and the coupling of the AC voltage connection can each be controlled individually. This results in the advantageous property that particularly many conversion modes and in particular also conversion modes for the simultaneous conversion of different forms of energy, such. B. of single-phase AC voltage in DC voltage and DC voltage in DC voltage, are adjustable.

In embodiments, a neutral can also be coupled via three capacitors to the three reactors by means of a switch. which allows advantageous filtering of the fed back single-phase, split-phase and / or three-phase AC voltage, so that the corresponding standards for the power feedback can be met.

In the described embodiment, the power converter circuit serves, for example, as a replacement for an on-board charger, which has the advantage that an improvement in efficiency is achieved because the power electronics and the chokes optimal for the bidirectional conversion of DC voltage to DC and DC voltage in AC voltage and thus can be optimally designed for the required power to charge the battery or for the recovery of DC voltage or AC voltage. Furthermore, it is advantageous that in this embodiment, using an additional power electronics for the drive converter during a drive operation, a charge or a recovery of energy is made possible. In contrast, in the following embodiment, the power converter circuit is also used as power electronics for the drive converter.

In embodiments, additional power electronics for the drive converter circuit can be dispensed with if an electric machine, also called an e-machine, is coupled. For this purpose, the switching network comprises three changeover switches, wherein the power converter circuit is designed to couple the three phases of the AC voltage connection to the chokes in a first switching position of the changeover switch and in a second switching position to a one- or three-phase electric machine to the chokes coupled, wherein the electric machine is preferred, but not necessarily, operable in a drive mode and in a generator mode. It is advantageous that no additional, space-consuming, cost and weight-intensive power electronics for the drive inverter is needed. Another advantage of this is the possibility of current smoothing for the drive via the three chokes.

In embodiments, in addition to the conversion of DC voltage to AC voltage or vice versa, a voltage conversion to a higher or a lower voltage, for example, by 10% higher or lower than the corresponding output value (comparison of the amounts of DC voltages or comparison of the amount of DC voltage with rms value of the AC voltage). Likewise, in embodiments, a voltage conversion between the DC voltage at the first DC voltage terminal compared to the DC voltage at the second DC voltage connection, wherein for this purpose in a further embodiment, a DC-DC converter can be provided at the second DC voltage terminal for further voltage conversion. This offers the advantage that a change in the DC voltage, z. B. for a high-voltage battery, at the same time high efficiencies is possible and a charge of the battery with constant current and constant charging current can be done. This has the further advantage that a DC voltage (output voltage) smaller than the passively rectified AC voltage (mains voltage) can be provided.

In summary, embodiments according to the present invention provide an apparatus comprising a plurality of power converters for the different conversion forms (bidirectional DC-DC conversion, bidirectional AC-DC conversion including bidirectional DC-DC conversion and a combination of the different conversion forms) This device is cost effective, space efficient and / or weight efficient.

Brief Description

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

1 a schematic representation of a power converter circuit according to a first embodiment;

2a a circuit diagram of a power converter circuit according to a second embodiment;

2 B a circuit diagram of a power converter circuit according to a third embodiment;

3a - 3d Replacement circuit diagrams for the representation of switching states of a power converter circuit according to one of the embodiments; and

4 a schematic representation of a power converter circuit according to the prior art.

Detailed description of the embodiments

In the following, different embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG 1 - 3 in the figures, identical reference numerals are given for the objects that are identical or similar Have functions so that objects with the same reference numerals in different embodiments are interchangeable and their descriptions correspond to each other.

It should be noted that hereinafter DC voltages and AC voltages applied to the same terminal of the circuit are given the same reference numerals, although depending on the operating state of the circuit, the height, phase and polarity of the voltages may vary.

Converter circuit according to FIG. 1

1 shows a block diagram of a power converter circuit 40 with three terminals, namely with the AC voltage connection 24 , with the first DC voltage connection 18 and with the second DC voltage connection 32 , Furthermore, the power converter circuit 40 a bridge circuit 42 between the second DC voltage connection 32 and a throttle arrangement 44 on, in turn, via a switching network 46 with the AC voltage connection 24 and the first DC voltage terminal 18 connected is.

The bridge circuit 42 includes three half-bridges 42a . 42b and 42c having a first shared potential leadership 48a with the first pole 32a of the DC voltage connection 32 and a second joint potential leadership 48b with the second pole 32b of the second DC voltage connection 32 are connected. The throttle arrangement 44 has three throttles 44a . 44b and 44c on, whose first connection in each case at a central node 45a . 45b and 45c the associated half-bridge 42a . 42b and 42c with the associated half bridge 42a . 42b and 42c are connected. Respective second connections of the three chokes 44a . 44b and 44c are switchable via a switching network 46 with the AC voltage connection 24 , the three phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c and with the first DC voltage terminal 18 that the connection 18a for the first pole and the connection 18b for the second pole, connected. In addition, a ground connection 47 provided the switching network 46 with the second common potential lead 48b the bridge circuit 42 over a node 45d couples.

Furthermore, for the switching network 46 symbolically represented two switching states. A first switching state 50 allows the conversion of three-phase AC voltage V _24a , V _24b and V _24c into DC voltage V _32ab at the second DC voltage _terminal 32 or the other way around. A second switching state 52 allows conversion between single-phase AC voltage V _24ab at the first phase _terminal 24a and at the second phase connection 24b of the AC voltage connection 24 and DC voltage V _18ab at the first DC voltage _terminal 18 and, preferably at the same time, the conversion between DC voltage V _32ab at the second DC voltage _port 32 and DC voltage V _18ab at the first DC voltage _terminal 18 ,

Having in the past the structure of the converter circuit 40 has been described, the operation of this converter circuit is discussed in detail below.

The converter circuit 40 is trained to the switching network 46 in at least two of the five or more switching states, namely z. B. in a first or second switching state to put. Optionally, the power converter circuit 40 designed to be the switching network 46 in a third, fourth, fifth and / or further switching state. The switching states are described below by way of example.

The first switching state 50 is used for three-phase AC-DC voltage conversion and for three-phase DC-AC conversion. Here are the three chokes 44a . 44b and 44c over the switching network 46 with three different phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c of the AC voltage connection 24 coupled by suitable coupling of the bridge circuit 42 based on one at the second DC voltage terminal 32 applied DC voltage V _32ab at the AC voltage _terminal 24 or at the phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c to provide an alternating voltage V _24a , V _24b and V _24c with three phases or based on one at the AC voltage terminal 24 applied AC voltage V _24a , V _24b and V _24c with three phases at the second DC voltage terminal 32 a DC voltage V _32ab between the first pole 32a and the second pole 32b provide. In this first switching state 50 the conversion of AC voltage V _24a , V _24b and V _{24c takes place} with the three phases in DC voltage V _32ab across the three _reactors 44a . 44b and 44c by a suitable coupling of the three half-bridges 42a . 42b and 42c or by suitable switching of switching components in the half-bridges 42a . 42b and 42c , Under a suitable coupling, for example, with AC-DC voltage conversion, such a temporal control of the half-bridges 42a . 42b and 42c understood, so that positive half-waves of the three phases at the phase terminals 24a . 24b and 24c to the first joint potential leadership 48a be coupled while the negative half-waves of the three phases of the phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c to the second joint potential leadership 48b be coupled.

The converter circuit 40 is designed to be the switching network 46 in the second switching state 52 which is used for simultaneous DC-DC conversion and AC-to-DC conversion, and in which the first choke 44a over the switching network 46 with one of the phase connections, z. B. the phase connection 24a , the AC voltage connection 24 coupled based on one at the second DC voltage port 32 applied DC voltage V _32ab at the AC voltage _terminal 24 - or more precisely at the phase connection 24a _To provide the single-phase AC voltage V _24ab or based on the on the phase _terminal 24a adjacent _single -phase AC voltage V _24ab at the second DC voltage _terminal 32 to provide a DC voltage V _32ab . Since the power converter circuit 40 This embodiment does not necessarily include a neutral terminal, such as a ground, opposite which an AC voltage V _24ab across the phase _terminal 24a can be applied or tapped, if necessary, but not necessarily via the switching network 46 the second throttle 44b to the second phase connection 24b coupled to an AC voltage V _24ab between the first phase _terminal 24a and the second phase connection 24b to provide or tap. The converter circuit 40 is designed to be the half bridges 42a . 42b and 42c to drive so that by interaction of the half bridges 42a and possibly 42b with the throttles 42a and possibly 42b a rectification or _{reversal direction} is achieved, wherein also possibly at the same time a voltage increase or decrease in voltage by at least 50% of the output value, ie an increase or decrease in the amount DC voltage V _32ab compared to the effective value V _24ab , can take place.

In the second switching state 52 takes place in parallel to the AC-DC voltage conversion, which is understood to mean both a provision of a DC voltage V _32ab based on an AC voltage V _24ab and, alternatively, an AC voltage V _24ab based on a DC voltage V _32ab , a DC-DC voltage conversion : Here is another throttle, so one of the throttles 44a . 44b and 44c which in the first switching state between the bridge circuit 42 and the AC voltage connection 24 are switched, such as the throttle 44c , via the switching network 46 with the first DC voltage connection 18 - or more precisely with the first pole 18a of the DC voltage connection 18 Coupled to based on one at the second DC voltage port 32 between the poles 32a and 32b applied DC voltage V _32ab at the first DC voltage _terminal 18 between the poles 18a and 18b to provide a DC voltage V _18ab or based on one at the first DC voltage _terminal 18 applied DC voltage V _18ab at the second DC voltage _terminal 32 to provide a DC voltage V _32ab . In this DC-DC voltage conversion of the pole 18a over the throttle 44c with the bridge circuit 42c at the center node 45c the bridge circuit 42c connected while the second pole 18b of the first DC voltage connection 18 for example, directly or by means of a switch on the ground connection 47 with the second common potential lead 48b the bridge circuit 42 is connected and thus with the second pole 32b of the second DC voltage connection 32 , In this DC-DC voltage conversion or at the same time taking place AC-DC voltage conversion or DC-AC voltage conversion can also be optionally an increase or decrease of a voltage by, for example, at least 10% of the output value are possible, so an increase or decrease the amount of DC voltage V _18ab versus the amount of DC voltage V _32ab by, for example, at least 10% or more. In this case, a down conversion or up conversion takes place by suitable control of the bridge circuit 42 or half-bridges 42c instead of.

The following are optional enhancements to the basic functionality of the converter circuit 40 described, which make it possible to achieve a significantly increased functionality with relatively little extra effort.

The converter circuit 40 is optionally designed to be the switching network 46 in a third switching state, which serves to convert one-phase AC voltage into DC voltage V _32ab or vice versa. In the third switching state, in which one of the three chokes 44a . 44b or 44c over the switching network 46 with one of the phase connections 24a . 24b or 24c of the AC voltage connection 24 is coupled, is the power converter circuit 40 configured to be based on one at the second DC voltage port 32 applied DC voltage V _32ab at the AC voltage _terminal 24 to provide a single-phase AC voltage V _24ab or based on one at the AC voltage _terminal 24 adjacent _single -phase AC voltage V _24ab at the second DC voltage _terminal 32 to provide a DC voltage V _32ab . This is analogous to the second switching state 52 , at least two alternative options, such as a single-phase AC voltage V _24a across the phase connection 24a can be created or tapped: A first possibility exists therein, a neutral or return conductor, such as a ground, for example to the bridge circuit 42 or to galvanically couple an intermediate voltage node to provide a single-phase AC voltage V _24a to the phase terminal opposite the neutral 24a to tap or provide; It is sufficient that only the first throttle 44a to the first phase connection 24a by means of the switching network 46 at the bridge circuit 44 is coupled. According to a second possibility, in this embodiment, when the neutral is not connected to the bridge circuit 44 or statically coupled to an associated intermediate voltage node, if necessary, but not necessarily via the switching network 46 the second throttle 44b to the second phase connection 24b coupled to a single-phase AC voltage V _24ab between the first phase _terminal 24a and the second phase connection 24b to provide or tap. In other words, this third switching state sets an analog switching state to the second switching state 52 wherein no DC-DC voltage conversion between the second DC voltage terminal 32 and the first DC voltage terminal 18 takes place.

Furthermore, the power converter circuit 40 optionally be designed to the switching network 46 in a fourth switching state, which serves to convert split-phase AC voltages V _24ab and V _24cb in DC voltage V _32ab or vice versa. The switching network 46 is formed in the fourth switching state to at least two of the three throttles, for. As the throttles 44a and 44c , with two different phase connections 24a and 24c to couple the AC voltage connection. This particular configuration between two alternating voltage phases offset by 180 ° is called a split phase. In this fourth switching state is the AC voltage connection 24 over the switching network 46 and over the two chokes 44a and 44c to the bridge circuit 42 coupled. Here again, analogously to the second and third switching states 52 , At least two alternative possibilities, compared to which neutral conductor or neutral conductor, the two split-phase AC voltages V _24ab and V _24cb via the phase _terminals 24a and 24c can be applied or tapped: A first possibility in turn provides a coupling of the neutral conductor or neutral, for example, to the bridge circuit 42 or an intermediate voltage _node , opposite which the two split-phase AC voltages V _24ab and V _24cb at the phase _terminals 24a and 24b can be tapped or provided; It is sufficient that only the first and the third throttle 44a and 44c to the first and third phase connection 24a and 24c by means of the switching network 46 are coupled. By suitable wiring and control of the bridge circuit 42 are thus based on one at the second DC voltage terminal 32 applied DC voltage V _32ab at the AC voltage _terminal 24 or more precisely at the phase terminals 24a and 24c two AC voltages V _24ab and V _24cb provided or based on two at the two phase _terminals 24a and 24c (typically opposite phase) AC voltages V _24ab and V _24cb at the second DC voltage _terminal 32 a DC voltage V _32ab provided. According to a second possibility, in this embodiment, when the neutral terminal is not connected to the bridge circuit 42 or statically coupled to an associated intermediate voltage node, if necessary, but not necessarily, via the switching network 46 another throttle, namely the second throttle 44b to the second phase connection 24b coupled to the split-phase AC voltages V _24ab and V _24cb between the first phase connection 24a and the second phase connection 24b and between the third phase connection 24c and the second phase connection 24b to provide or tap, the second phase connection 24b serves as an "artificial" neutral connection or neutral connection.

Furthermore, the power converter circuit 40 optionally be formed to the switching network 46 in a fifth switching state, which serves for DC-DC voltage conversion. The switching network 46 coupled in the fifth switching state, one of the three throttles, z. B. the third throttle 44c , via the switching network 46 with the first DC voltage connection 18 to be based on one at the second DC voltage terminal 32 applied DC voltage V _32ab at the first DC voltage _{terminal to} provide a DC voltage V _18ab or based on a at the first DC voltage _terminal 18 applied DC voltage V _18ab gave at the second DC voltage connection 32 to provide a DC voltage V _32ab . About the ground connection 47 , which may optionally comprise a switch, for DC-to-DC conversion, a connection between the second poles of the DC voltage terminals, namely between the second pole 18b of the first DC voltage connection 18 and the second pole 32b of the second DC voltage connection 32 over the node 45d and the second joint potential leadership 48b the bridge circuit 42 , produced. In this DC-DC voltage conversion, by suitable control of the bridge circuit 42 is reached, analogous to the DC-DC voltage conversion of the second switching state 52 a voltage change to a higher or lower voltage level, ie an increase or decreasing the amount of DC voltage V _18ab versus the amount of DC voltage V _32ab by, for example, at least 10%, by down-converting or up-converting.

As mentioned above, it is possible for the second, third and fourth switching state of the coupling of the second phase connection 24b to which the AC voltages V _24a , V _24b, and V _24c are supplied, for example, in the absence of any other neutral, to the choke 44b or to the bridge circuit 42 and instead a neutral or neutral or a ground for the power converter circuit 40 provide against which the single-phase or split-phase AC voltage can be tapped or provided. In this case, in the second switching state 52 , Third switching state and fourth switching state, a neutral or a ground to the bridge circuit 42 by means of, for example, a node between two capacitances electrically connected between the first and second potential guides 48a and 48b can be coupled (and possibly so the converter circuit 40 also to couple galvanically).

Exemplary embodiments according to FIG. 2

2a shows a circuit diagram of a power converter circuit 60 according to an embodiment of the invention. The structure of the converter circuit 60 basically corresponds to the structure of the converter circuit 40 ,

The converter circuit 60 has three connections, namely the AC voltage connection 24 , the first DC voltage connection 18 and the second DC voltage terminal 32 on. The converter circuit 60 has a series circuit of the bridge circuit 42 connected to the second DC voltage connection 32 connected, the throttle arrangement 44 and the switching network 46 on, the switching network 46 both with the AC voltage connection 24 as well as with the first DC voltage connection 18 connected is.

The bridge circuit 42 consists of three half-bridges 42a . 42b and 42c , each parallel to each other between the first common potential guide 48a and the second joint potential leadership 48b are switched. The shared potential leadership 48a the bridge circuit 42 serves to connect the bridge circuit 42 to the first pole 32a of the DC voltage connection 32 , the second joint potential leadership 48b to the connection of the bridge circuit 42 to the second pole 32b , The half bridges 42a . 42b and 42c are realized in this embodiment in each case by at least two bridge switches, namely by two first bridge switch 42a_1 and 42a_2 in the first half bridge 42a , through two second bridge switches 42b_1 and 42b_2 in the second half bridge 42b and two third bridge switches 42c_1 and 42c_2 in the third half bridge 42c , This bridge switch 42a_1 respectively. 42a_2 . 42b_1 respectively. 42b_2 and 42c_1 and 42c_2 For example, they may be formed of semiconductor elements and possibly also be controllable by means of logic (not shown). Between the bridge switches 42a_1 respectively. 42a_2 . 42b_1 respectively. 42b_2 and 42c_1 and 42c_2 are each the middle node 45a . 45b and 45c provided over which the chokes 44a . 44b and 44c the throttle assembly 44 are coupled to a first side or with their first terminals of the throttles 44a . 44b and 44c are coupled. About the middle node 45a the half bridge 42a is the throttle 44a coupled, via the center node 45b the half bridge 42b the throttle 44b and over the middle node 45c the half bridge 42c the throttle 44c ,

The throttle arrangement 44 with the three chokes 44a . 44b and 44c is on a second side, so on the side of the second ports of the respective throttles 44a . 44b and 44c , in switchable manner with the AC voltage connection 24 via a switch arrangement 62 and one in series with the switch assembly 62 switched power switch 66a connected. The desk 62a the switch assembly 62 connects the throttle 44a with the power switch 66a and with it, over the power switch 66a , with the first phase connection 24a , the desk 62b the switch assembly 62 connects the throttle 44b with the power switch 66a and with it, over the power switch 66a , with the second phase connection 24b and the switch 62c the switch assembly 62 connects the throttle 44c with the power switch 66a and with it, over the power switch 66a , with the third phase connection 24c , The switches 62a . 62b and 62c are designed to, depending on the respective switching state, either all of the three chokes 44a . 44b and 44c to the three phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c or a real subset of the three reactors, for example, the throttles 44a and 44c , to a true subset of the three phase connections, for example to the phase connections 24a and 24c to couple or all three chokes 44a . 44b and 44c from the AC adapter connection 24 decouple. The power switch 66a simultaneously couples all three phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c to the three switches 62a . 62b and 62c on or off the three switches 62a . 62b and 62c from.

The throttle arrangement 44 is also on the second side in a switchable manner via a switch arrangement 64 with the first pole 18a of the first DC voltage connection 18 connected so that the first choke 44a over the first switch 64a the switch assembly 64 to the pole 18a can be coupled or so that the second throttle 44b above the second switch 64b the switch assembly 64 to the pole 18a can be coupled and or so that the third throttle 44c over the third switch 64c the switch assembly 64 to the first pole 18a can be coupled. The switch arrangement 62 is designed to handle all of the three chokes 44a . 44b and 44c or a true subset of the three chokes, for example, only the third chokes 44c , to the first pole 18a of the first DC voltage connection 18 to couple or uncouple. In addition, the switching network includes 46 another switch 65 for the ground connection 47 , with which the second joint potential leadership 48b the bridge circuit 42 over the node 45d to the second pole 18b of the first DC voltage connection 18 can be coupled.

For each of the phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c is each a capacity 68a . 68b and 68c intended. The three capacities 68a . 68b and 68c or mains capacitors of a filter arrangement 68 are on a first page in a switchable manner by means of a switch 66b to a neutral via a neutral terminal 24d coupled. On a second side of the filter assembly 68 are each the capacitors 68a . 68b and 68c via the power switch 66a with the respective associated phase connection 24a . 24b and 24c connected or via the switch 62a . 62b and 62c with the throttles 44a . 44b and 44c , Alternatively, it is also possible that the filter arrangement 68 not by the three capacities 68a . 68b and 68c is formed, but for example by resistors or other electronic components or by a combination of electronic components with a topology that allows the filtering of an AC voltage or a three-phase AC voltage.

Furthermore, the power converter circuit comprises 60 a DC-DC converter 70 , which is between the second DC voltage connection 32 and the bridge circuit 42 is switched so that the DC-DC converter 70 on the one hand, to the two potential tours 48a and 48b is connected and on the other side to the two poles 32a and 32b , Between the first and the second potential lead 48a . 48b is a DC link capacity 72 , which may for example consist of two series-connected capacitors or a super-capacity provided. Another capacity 74 for the first DC voltage connection 18 is between the first pole 18a and the second pole 18b of the DC voltage connection 18 provided, with the capacity 74 can also be realized as a super-capacity.

The following is on the operation of the converter circuit 60 received.

The basic mode of operation of the converter circuit 60 corresponds to the operation of the converter circuit 40 , The DC-DC voltage conversion, the rectification (AC voltage to DC voltage) and the AC direction (AC voltage to DC voltage) via the three chokes 44a . 44b and 44c as well as via the half-bridge circuit 42 under suitable control of the bridge switch 42a_1 . 42a_2 . 42b_1 . 42b_2 . 42c_1 and 42c_2 , The control of the bridge switch via a drive circuit or logic, not shown, and is dependent on the respective type of energy conversion, which is set via the individual switching states. The control of the half bridges 42a . 42b and 42c In addition, depending on the frequency of the alternating voltage V _24a , V _24b and V _24c , the current intensities and voltages of the alternating voltage V _24a , V _24b and V _24c at the alternating voltage connection are typically also determined 24 and the DC voltage V _18ab at the first DC voltage _terminal 18 and the DC voltage V _32ab at the second DC voltage _terminal 32 selected or set. Furthermore, the inductors have 44a . 44b and 44c likewise typically a considerable influence on the design or adjustment of the control or on the choice of the control of the half-bridges 42a . 42b and 42c ,

The switching states are the same as in the converter circuit 40 over the switching network 46 set. In the following, the five switching states are based on the switching combinations in the switching network 46 explained. For each switching state, the closed switches are called while assuming that the non-mentioned switches in the switch network 46 not closed or opened.

In the first switching state 50 to the three-phase charge, for example the battery 30 , or for three-phase regeneration and possibly island network formation are the chokes 44a . 44b and 44c over the closed switch 62a . 62b and 62c and the closed power switch 66a with the three-phase AC voltage connection 24 or the phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c coupled. When power is restored to an AC voltage V _24a , V _24b and V _24c is the switch 66b preferably closed to using the neutral terminal 24d and using the filter assembly 68 or the mains capacitors 68a . 68b and 68c for the respective phases to achieve filtering of the AC voltages _fed back V _24a , V _24b and V _24c .

In the second switching state 52 are the two switches 62a and 62b for coupling the throttles 44a and 44b to the phase connections 24a and 24b as well as the power switch 66a closed. Of Further is the first pole 18a of the first DC voltage connection 18 over the closed switch 64c and the throttle 44c to the bridge circuit 42 coupled while the second pole 18b of the first DC voltage connection 18 over the switch 65 to the bridge circuit 42 or more precisely to the potential management 48b the bridge circuit 42 is coupled. Analogous to the first switching state 50 is in the case of recovery of AC voltages V _24ab , if so by the power converter _circuit 40 _{Power is} output via the AC voltage connection V _24ab , the switch 66b for filtering the AC voltage V _24ab closed. Optionally, the switch could 62b also be open when a neutral connection to the bridge circuit 42 is connected, for example, between the two series-connected capacitances of the DC link 72 ,

In the third switching state are the switches 62a and 62b as well as the power switch 66a closed and the throttles 44a and 44b are thus with the phase connections 24a and 24b coupled, whereby a single-phase charge (or based on a single-phase AC voltage), for example a battery 30 , is enabled. For single-phase regeneration or single-phase islanding or charging, the switch is optionally additionally available 66b closed, so the capacity 68a and 68b the AC voltage V _24ab using the neutral terminal 24d filtering in a similar way. Optionally, the switch could 62b also be open when a neutral connection to the bridge circuit 42 is connected, for example, between the two series-connected capacitances of the DC link 72 ,

In this embodiment, the fourth switching state is for connection to a split-phase network for charging the battery 30 or to discharge the battery 30 or for feeding back or islanding. In the fourth switching state, the switches 62a . 62b and 62c as well as the power switch 66a closed. In this fourth switching state, a split-phase feedback is possible, in turn, then the filter arrangement 68 by means of the closed switch 66b with the neutral connection 24d is coupled and is used to filter the AC voltages V _24ab and V _24cb . With this fourth switching state, an isolated grid or a grid feedback can be provided according to the North American requirements. Optionally, the switch could 62b also be open when a neutral connection to the bridge circuit 42 is connected, for example, between the two series-connected capacitances of the DC link 72 ,

Alternatively, it is also possible for the first, second, third and fourth switching state that a return of energy via the AC voltage terminal 24 , without filtering the AC voltages V _24ab , V _24a , V _24b , V _24c and V _24cb , ie with the switch open 66b , takes place.

In the fifth switching state, the DC voltage charge, for example, the battery 30 , or is used for DC feedback or to provide a DC power supply, the switches 64a . 64b and 64c closed and so the first pole 18a of the first DC voltage connection 18 to the middle nodes 45a . 45b and 45c over the three chokes 44a . 44b and 44c coupled. In this fifth switching state is the (optional) switch 65 closed and so the second pole 18b of the first DC voltage connection 18 to the second potential guide 48b coupled. By using all three chokes 44a . 44b and 44c in the fifth switching state is a particularly powerful energy transfer between the battery 30 and the first DC voltage connection possible.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a modified coupling combination, e.g. B. a crossed coupling of the three throttles 44a . 44b and 44c to the three phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c , together with a variation of the individual switch positions in the circuit network 46 nothing would change the basic operation, if in the respective switching state at the individual terminals 18 . 24 and 32 the respective voltages V _18ab , V _24ab and V _{32ab are provided} in the respective conversion _modes . An example of this is an AC-to-DC conversion of single-phase AC voltage V _{24bc occurring} between the two phase _terminals 24b and 24c is present, in DC voltage V _32ab at the second DC voltage _terminal 32 , This mode of operation for single-phase AC-DC voltage conversion, which corresponds to the above-described mode of operation in the third circuit state, could be achieved, for example, by means of a coupling of the chokes 44b and 44c over the switches 62b and 62c together with the power switch 66a to the two phase connections 24b and 24c be achieved.

This in 2a Embodiment discussed is preferably used in a device with separate power electronics for the drive conversion, or optionally uses a separate power electronics for the drive conversion, and represents, so to speak as a replacement for a vehicle-mounted charger, which is also referred to as an on-board charger, a additional power electronics ready. Such a converter circuit 60 is advantageous because the standards for the supply of electricity in the public grid are respected, or because in grid feedback the Compliance with the standards with relatively little effort is possible, and an improvement in the efficiency is achieved, or can be achieved by the bridge circuits 42a . 42b and 42c (Power electronics) and the chokes 44a . 44b and 44c optimal for the bidirectional conversion of DC voltage in DC voltage and DC voltage in AC voltage or vice versa and the corresponding services are designed or are. Another advantage is that in this embodiment and when using an additional power electronics for the drive conversion, a simultaneous drive operation and charging operation, z. B. by a mounted on the vehicle DC power source 20 , such as an inductive energy transformer, a solar cell or fuel cell, or AC source 26 , such as a three-phase alternator, which is coupled to an auxiliary motor is possible.

2 B shows a power converter circuit 80 that uses or includes the power electronics for the drive conversion. Basically, the topology corresponds to the converter circuit 80 the topology of the converter circuit 60 , where the switching network 46 three changeover switches 82a . 82b and 82c instead of the switch 62a . 62b and 62c includes. The converter circuit 80 As a result, it is designed to be in a first switching position of the changeover switch 82a . 82b and 82c the three phases 24a . 24b and 24c of the AC voltage connection 24 to the throttles 44a . 44b and 44c to couple and in a second switching position of the changeover switch 82a . 82b and 82c a single or three-phase electric machine (electric machine) 84 to the throttles 44a . 44b and 44c to dock. Incidentally, it is noted that the three changeover switches 82a . 82b and 82c optionally, may include more than two switch positions to allow the throttles 44a . 44b and 44c in a third switch position both from the electric motor 84 as well as from the three phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c of the AC voltage connection 24 are separated.

In drive _mode , the electric machine with AC voltage V _84a , V _84b and V _84c either _single -phase or three-phase based on a DC voltage V _32ab at the second DC voltage _terminal 32 provided. The alternating voltages to supply the electric motor 84 are provided in the same manner as the AC voltages V _24a , V _24b and V _24c when the power converter circuit 60 or the converter circuit 80 Energy in the AC voltage network 26 fed or fed back. In generator mode, the electric motor stops 84 single-phase or three-phase AC voltages V _84ab , V _84a , V _84b and / or V _84c ready via the three _reactors 44a . 44b and 44c as well as the bridge circuit 42 in DC voltage V _32ab at the second DC voltage _terminal 32 be converted. It is advantageous that the inductors 44a . 44b and 44c , in series with the motor windings of the electric motor 84 are switched, can smooth the motor current during drive operation. For single-phase operation of the electric motor 84 for example, via the changeover switch 82a and 82b a real subset of the chokes 44a . 44b and 44c to the electric machine 84 coupled, namely, for example, the throttles 44a and 44b ,

Alternatively or optionally, it is in a further switch position of the three changeover switch 82a . 82b and 82c possible, the electric machine 84 single-phase or three-phase to the AC voltage connection 24 or to the three phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c to couple to on the basis of the AC voltage V _84a, V _84b and _84c V an AC voltage V _24a, V _24b and V _24c or to provide an alternating voltage V _24ab on the basis of the AC voltage V _84ab. This alternative would allow, for example, the coupling of a diesel generator for the recovery of AC voltage in AC mains.

Another alternative, in addition to the above, it would be, in another switch position of the three changeover switch 82a . 82b and 82c , the electric machine 84 single-phase or three-phase to the AC voltage connection 24 and at the same time to the chokes 44a . 44b and 44c to couple to on the basis of the AC voltage V _84a, V _84b and V _84c, an AC voltage V _24a, V _24b and V _24c or on the basis of the AC voltage V _84ab V provide an AC voltage _24ab and at the same time on the basis of the AC voltage V _84a, V _84b and V _84c or the AC voltage V _{84ab has} a DC voltage V _32ab at the DC voltage _terminal 32 and / or a DC voltage V _18ab at the DC voltage _terminal 18 provide. This alternative would also allow, for example, the coupling of a diesel generator for the recovery of AC voltage in AC mains while charging a battery.

Alternatively or optionally, in single-phase operation of the electric motor 84 , simultaneously with the engine operation or generator operation of the electric motor 84 , Also, a conversion, for example, a DC voltage V _32ab at the second DC voltage _terminal 32 into a DC voltage V _18ab at the first DC voltage _terminal 18 take place, in analogy to the second switching state 52 ,

Application scenarios according to FIG. 3

The following are various application scenarios for the power converter circuits 40 and 60 based on 3a to 3d described, with different circuits depending on the application scenario.

3a shows a simplified diagram of a power converter circuit 90 containing a DC-DC converter 70 and a multifunctional power conversion unit 92 having, wherein the multifunctional power conversion unit 92 the throttles 44 , the bridge circuit 42 as well as the switching network 46 includes. On the DC-DC converter 70 is the second DC voltage connection 32 provided to the the battery 30 connected with a DC voltage V _32ab . The battery 30 can go to the power converter circuit 90 belong or be external. The AC voltage connection 24 with the three phase connections 24a . 24b and 24c is with the AC mains 26 and can thus obtain or provide three-phase AC voltage V _24a , V _24b and V _24c . The first DC voltage connection 18 is with a direct voltage network 20 or DC _memory connected to a DC voltage V _18ab .

Based on the converter circuit 90 is the first switching state in the following 50 (Three-phase battery charging or three-phase AC power regeneration), and the fifth switching state (DC charge) explained. The charge of the battery 30 can either be three-phase via the AC mains 26 or via the direct voltage network 20 , z. B. by an inductive energy transfer, done. The feedback is either three-phase in the AC voltage network 26 or in the direct voltage network 20 or z. B. in a DC memory such as a super-capacitor ("super-cap") possible. Furthermore, a three-phase island grid, which operates autonomously and network-parallel, can be set up. In this case, however, active and reactive power are provided only for symmetrical consumers. Compared to the power conversion device 10 out 4 replaces the multifunctional converter unit 92 in the illustrated embodiment, the transducers 12 and 14 ,

3b shows a simplified representation of a power converter circuit 94 , which is analogous to converter circuit 90 of the 3a the multifunctional converter unit 92 and the DC-DC converter 70 includes. In this embodiment, unlike the in 3a illustrated embodiment, an AC voltage network 26 with a _single -phase AC voltage V _24ab across the two phase _terminals 24a and 24b with the power converter circuit 94 connected. The direct voltage network 20 is in accordance with this embodiment 3b , as well as in the 3a shown embodiment, to the first DC voltage terminal 18 the converter circuit 94 connected and the battery 30 to the second DC voltage connection 32 ,

Based on this embodiment, the second switching state 52 or the third switching state explained in which the battery 30 single-phase via the AC voltage network 26 is loaded; at the same time is in the second switching state 52 a charge by means of a DC voltage V _18ab from the DC network 20 possible, so that, for example, at the same time energy from the AC mains 26 and energy from the DC power network 20 in the battery 30 is stored. Likewise is a charge of the battery 30 via the AC voltage network 26 , with simultaneous return of a DC voltage V _18ab in the DC voltage network 20 possible.

A feedback is single-phase in the AC voltage network 26 and / or at the same time in the DC voltage network 20 or a DC voltage memory, for. As a super capacitor, possible. Furthermore, a single-phase feedback in the AC voltage network can also 26 while charging the battery 30 by means of the DC voltage network 20 respectively. With the converter circuit 94 can be a direct voltage network 20 or a DC voltage supply or a single-phase isolated network 26 be provided, which can work independently and network-parallel. For the AC voltage network 26 If required, active and reactive power will be made available.

These described application scenarios of the power converter circuits 90 and 94 can be used, for example. be to the battery 30 of an electric vehicle by means of a DC voltage V _18ab from solar cells or from a DC network or from an inductive energy transformer connected to the DC voltage connection 18 are connected, and at the same time to increase the power by means of a _single -phase AC voltage V _24ab via the AC voltage connection 24 to load, which corresponds to the second switching state. If the DC voltage V _18ab from the solar cells is no longer sufficient, could be switched to the first switching state, so that the battery 30 is charged with three-phase AC voltage V _24a , V _24b and V _24c . Such a switchable converter circuit allows, with a low number of components, so to speak a charge on the one hand by means of solar power or by means of current from an inductive energy exchanger and by means of single-phase alternating current or on the other hand, a faster charge by means of three-phase alternating current.

3c shows a simplified representation of a power converter circuit 96 that the converter circuit 90 corresponds and the multifunctional converter unit 92 and the DC-DC converter 70 includes. At the first DC voltage connection 18 is that again DC power 20 connected to a DC voltage V _18ab and to the second DC voltage connection 32 is the battery 30 connected to the DC voltage V _32ab . At the AC voltage connection 24 is an alternating voltage network 26 with a split phase, also called split phase, connected, ie the first phase of the AC voltage network 26 is about the first phase connection 24a and the second 180 ° rotated phase across the third phase terminal 24c with the power converter circuit 94 connected while the "second pole" of the AC mains 26 , z. B. the neutral, to the second phase connection 24b connected.

In this embodiment, the multifunctional power conversion unit is located 92 and in particular the switching network 46 in the fourth and fifth switching state. Here is the charge of the battery 30 either via the AC voltage network 26 with the network form "split phase" possible or via the direct voltage network 20 , Reverse feed is reversed via the split phases into the AC grid 26 or in the direct voltage network 20 or a DC voltage storage such. As a super capacitor, possible. It can be an island network with the network form "split phase" are formed. This system has low load capacity and provides active and reactive power.

3d shows a power converter circuit 98 that the converter circuit 90 corresponds, in which, however, in addition to the electric motor 84 to the multifunctional converter unit 92 is coupled. The multifunctional converter unit 92 can in this embodiment, the electric motor 84 such as B. driving an electric motor or the electric motor 84 , z. As a generator, AC voltage. The electric machine 84 This can be operated single-phase or three-phase. Depending on the respective switching state of the switching network 46 the multifunctional converter unit 92 can be an AC voltage network 26 either single-phase, three-phase or split-phase can be coupled. Further, the DC voltages V _18ab and V _{32ab may be applied} via the respective DC voltage _terminals 18 and 32 be coupled.

Although some aspects have been described in the context of a device, it will be understood that these aspects also constitute a description of the corresponding method, so that a block or a component of a device is also to be understood as a corresponding method step or as a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in connection with or as a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or detail or feature of a corresponding device.

In summary, in other words, in some embodiments, the innovation is the use of the same power semiconductors 42a_1 . 42a_2 . 42b_1 . 42b_2 . 42c_1 and 42c_2 (Bridge switch) and inductors 44a . 44b and 44c (Throttling) is seen for all directions of energy flow as well as voltage forms. Only the same semiconductors or chokes are used for DC / DC, AC / DC and DC / AC conversion, although AC sources can also be used without additional conversion unit. As a result, the invention offers the possibility of saving assemblies. For other applications, only modular modules have been used so far, but they do not create such a good compromise between cost, space, weight and functionality.

To use the same components is a switching device (switching network 46 ) intended. An internal switching device (switching network 46 ) currently consists of the switches 62a . 62b and 62c as well as from the counters 64a . 64b and 64c , Even if this switching device or switch topology (switching network 46 ) is provided externally, it does not change the basic idea or the essence of the invention. The use of inductors connected in series with the motor windings smoothes the motor current. In essence, however, the inductors serve to comply with the standards for feeding into the public grid, so that in this invention, if necessary, motor windings can be used, which are not designed for such use. Accordingly, embodiments according to the present invention allow simultaneous and non-simultaneous conversion of the different forms of energy into different energy directions with minimal power electronics.

An essential field of application of the invention is to be seen in the automotive industry, especially in applications for electric vehicles for charging not only from the public grid, but also from a DC source, such as by inductive power transmission. By this measure costs, space requirements and weight can be reduced.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102009033185 A1 [0010]
• DE 102009017087 A1 [0011, 0012]
• DE 102009021797 A1 [0012]
• DE 102009007960 A1 [0014]
• DE 102009033955 A1 [0015]

Claims (16)

Converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) having the following features: a bridge circuit ( 42 ) with three half-bridges ( 42a . 42b . 42c ); three chokes ( 44a . 44b . 44c ), each at a central node ( 45a . 45b . 45c ) of the half-bridges ( 42a . 42 . 42c ) are connected; a switching network ( 46 ), which is designed to hold the three throttles ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) in a switchable manner with an AC voltage connection ( 24 ) and a first DC voltage connection ( 18 ) connect to; and a second DC voltage connection ( 32 ), which has a first common potential 48a ) of the bridge circuit ( 42 ) and a second common potential lead ( 48b ) of the bridge circuit ( 42 ) connected is; the converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) is adapted to the switching network ( 46 ) in a first switching state ( 50 ), in which the three throttles ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) via the switching network ( 46 ) with three different phase connections ( 24a . 24b . 24c ) of the AC voltage connection ( 24 ) based on a voltage at the second DC voltage terminal ( 32 ) applied DC voltage (V _32ab ) at the AC voltage _terminal ( 24 ) to provide an AC voltage (V _24a , V _24b , V _24c ) or based on an AC voltage at the AC terminal ( 24 ) applied AC voltage (V _24a , V _24b , V _24c ) at the second DC voltage terminal ( 32 ) to provide a DC voltage (V _32ab ), and wherein the power converter _circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) is adapted to the switching network ( 46 ) in a second switching state ( 52 ), in which a first throttle ( 44a ) of the three throttles ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) via the switching network ( 46 ) with one of the phase connections ( 24a . 24b . 24c ) of the AC voltage connection ( 24 ) based on a voltage at the second DC voltage terminal ( 32 ) applied DC voltage (V _32ab ) at the AC voltage _terminal ( 24 ) to provide an AC voltage (V _24ab ) or based on an AC voltage ( 24 ) applied AC voltage (V _24ab ) at the second DC voltage _terminal ( 32 ) provide a DC voltage (V _32ab ), and in which a further choke of the three reactors ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) via the switching network ( 46 ) with the first DC voltage connection ( 18 ) based on a voltage at the second DC voltage terminal ( 32 ) applied DC voltage (V _32ab ) at the first DC voltage _terminal ( 18 ) to provide a DC voltage (V _18ab ) or based on a at the first DC voltage _terminal ( 18 ) applied DC voltage (V _18ab ) at the second DC voltage _terminal ( 32 ) to provide a DC voltage (V _32ab ). Converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) according to claim 1, wherein the power converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) is adapted to the switching network ( 46 ) in a third switching state in which one of the three reactors ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) via the switching network ( 46 ) with one of the three phase connections ( 24a . 24b . 24c ) of the AC voltage connection ( 24 ) based on a voltage at the second DC voltage terminal ( 32 ) applied DC voltage (V _32ab ) at the AC voltage _terminal ( 24 ) to provide a single-phase AC voltage (V _24ab ) or based on one at the AC voltage _terminal ( 24 ) applied single-phase AC voltage (V _24ab ) at the second DC voltage _terminal ( 32 ) provide a DC voltage (V _32ab ), wherein the first DC voltage _terminal ( 18 ) in the third switching state of the bridge circuit ( 42 ) is decoupled. Converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the power converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) is adapted to the switching network ( 46 ) in a fourth switching state in which two of the three reactors ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) via the switching network ( 46 ) with two different phase connections ( 24a . 24c ) of the AC voltage connection ( 24 ) based on a voltage at the second DC voltage terminal ( 32 ) applied DC voltage (V _32ab ) at the AC voltage _terminal ( 24 ) to provide an alternating voltage (V _24ab , V _24b ) with two phases offset by 180 ° or based on one at the AC voltage connection ( 24 ) applied alternating voltage (V _24ab , V _24b ) with two phases offset by 180 ° at the DC voltage _terminal ( 32 ) to provide a DC voltage (V _32ab ), the first DC voltage _terminal ( 18 ) in the fourth switching state of the bridge circuit ( 42 ) is decoupled. Converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) is adapted to the switching network ( 46 ) in a fifth switching state in which at least one of the three chokes ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) via the switching network ( 46 ) with the first DC voltage connection ( 18 ) based on a voltage at the second DC voltage terminal ( 32 ) applied DC voltage (V _32ab ) at the first DC voltage _terminal ( 18 ) to provide a DC voltage (V _18ab ) or based on a at the first DC voltage _terminal ( 18 ) applied DC voltage (V _18ab ) at the second DC voltage _terminal ( 32 ) provide a DC voltage (V _32ab ), wherein the AC voltage _terminal ( 24 ) in the fifth switching state of the bridge circuit ( 42 ) is decoupled. Converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the three half-bridges ( 42a . 42b . 42c ) at least two bridge switches ( 42a_1 . 42a_2 . 42b_1 . 42b_2 . 42c_1 . 42c_2 ) exhibit. Converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) according to claim 5, wherein the bridge switches ( 42a_1 . 42a_2 . 42b_1 . 42b_2 . 42c_1 . 42c_2 ) are realized by semiconductors. Converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) according to one of claims 5 or 6, wherein the power converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) is designed in order, by means of a logic, the bridge switches ( 42a_1 . 42a_2 . 42b_1 . 42b_2 . 42c_1 . 42c_2 ) head for. Converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the power converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) three switches ( 62a . 62b . 62c ) for the switchable, selective coupling of the three chokes ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) to the three phase terminals ( 24a . 24b . 24c ) of the AC voltage connection ( 24 ), the switches ( 62a . 62b . 62c ) are configured to select, in a selectable manner, either all of the three chokes ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) to the three phase terminals ( 24a . 24b . 24c ) or a true subset of the three reactors ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) to a true subset of the three phase terminals ( 24a . 24b . 24c ) or the three chokes ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) of the three phase connections ( 24a . 24b . 24c ) decouple. Converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the switching network ( 46 ) three switches ( 64a . 64b . 64c ) for the switchable, selective coupling of the three chokes ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) to the first DC voltage connection ( 18 ), the switches ( 64a . 64b . 64c ) are configured to select, in a selectable manner, either all of the three chokes ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) to the first DC voltage connection ( 18 ) or a true subset of the three chokes ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) to the first DC voltage connection ( 18 ) or the three chokes ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) from the first DC voltage terminal ( 18 ) decouple. Converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the switching network ( 46 ) additionally a switch ( 66b ) for the switchable coupling of a neutral conductor via a filter arrangement ( 68 ) to the three reactors ( 44a . 44b . 44c ). Converter circuit ( 80 . 98 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the switching network ( 46 ) three changeover switches ( 82a . 82b . 82c ), wherein the power converter circuit ( 80 . 98 ) is formed to in a first switching position of the changeover switch ( 82a . 82b . 82c ) the three phase connections ( 24a . 24b . 24c ) of the AC voltage connection ( 24 ) to the three reactors ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) and in a second switching position of the switching circuit ( 82a . 82b . 82c ) a single-phase or three-phase electric machine ( 84 ) to the throttles ( 44a . 44b . 44c ), which is operable in drive mode and generator mode. Converter circuit ( 80 . 98 ) according to claim 11, wherein the power converter circuit ( 80 . 98 ) is designed to in a further switching position of the changeover switch ( 82a . 82b . 82c ) the three phase connections ( 24a . 24b . 24c ) of the AC voltage connection ( 24 ) to the electric machine ( 84 ) or to the electric machine ( 84 ) and the three chokes ( 44a . 44b . 44c ). Converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the power converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) is designed to be in the first, second, third and / or fourth switching state ( 50 . 52 ) at the second DC voltage terminal ( 32 ) provide a DC voltage (V _32ab ) whose magnitude is at least 10% greater or smaller than an RMS value at the AC voltage _terminal ( 24 ) alternating voltage (V _24ab , V _24cb ), or at the AC voltage _terminal ( 24 ) to provide an AC voltage (V _24ab , V _24cb ) whose RMS value is at least 10% greater or smaller than an amount at the second DC voltage port ( 32 ) applied DC voltage (V _32ab ). Converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the power converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) is designed to be in the second and / or fifth switching state ( 50 . 52 ) at the second DC voltage terminal ( 32 ) to provide a DC voltage (V _32ab ) whose magnitude is at least 10% greater or smaller than an amount at the first DC voltage terminal ( 18 ) applied DC voltage (V _18ab ), or at the first DC voltage _terminal ( 18 ) to provide a DC voltage (V _18ab ) whose magnitude is at least 10% greater or smaller than an amount at the second DC voltage port ( 32 ) applied DC voltage (V _32ab ). Converter circuit ( 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein at the second DC voltage terminal a DC-DC converter ( 70 ) is provided. Method for operating a converter circuit ( 40 . 60 . 80 . 90 . 94 . 96 . 98 ) with a bridge circuit ( 42 ) with three half-bridges ( 42a . 42b . 42c ), three throttles ( 44a . 44b . 44c ), each in a central node ( 45a . 45b . 45c ) of the half-bridges ( 42a . 42 . 42c ) are connected to a switching network ( 46 ), which is designed to hold the three throttles ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) in a switchable manner with an AC voltage connection ( 24 ) and a first DC voltage connection ( 18 ) and a second DC voltage connection ( 32 ), which has a first common potential 48a ) of the bridge circuit ( 42 ) and a second common potential lead ( 48b ) of the bridge circuit ( 42 ), the method comprising the steps of: displacing the switching network ( 46 ) in a first switching state ( 50 ), in which the three chokes ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) via the switching network ( 46 ) with three different phase connections ( 24a . 24b . 24c ) of the AC voltage connection ( 24 ) are coupled; wherein in the first switching state ( 50 ) based on a at the second DC voltage terminal ( 32 ) applied DC voltage (V _32ab ) at the AC voltage _terminal ( 24 ) an alternating voltage (V _24ab ) is provided, or wherein in the first switching state ( 50 ) based on a at the AC voltage terminal ( 24 ) applied AC voltage (V _24ab ) at the second DC voltage _terminal ( 32 ) a DC voltage (V _32ab ) is provided; and offloading the switching network ( 46 ) in a second switching state ( 52 ), in which a first throttle ( 44a ) of the three throttles ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) via the switching network ( 46 ) with one of the phase connections ( 24a . 24b . 24c ) of the AC voltage connection ( 24 ) and in which a further choke of the three throttles ( 44a . 44b . 44c ) via the switching network ( 46 ) with the first DC voltage connection ( 18 ) is coupled; wherein in the second switching state ( 52 ) based on a at the second DC voltage terminal ( 32 ) applied DC voltage (V _32ab ) at the AC voltage _terminal ( 24 ) an alternating voltage (V _24ab ) is provided, or wherein in the second switching state ( 52 ) based on a at the AC voltage terminal ( 24 ) applied AC voltage (V _24ab ) at the second DC voltage _terminal ( 32 ) a DC voltage (V _32ab ) is provided; and wherein in the second switching state ( 52 ) based on a at the second DC voltage terminal ( 32 ) applied DC voltage (V _32ab ) at the first DC voltage _terminal ( 18 ) a DC voltage (V _18ab ) is provided or based on a at the first DC voltage _terminal ( 18 ) applied DC voltage (V _18ab ) at the second DC voltage _terminal ( 32 ) a DC voltage (V _32ab ) is provided.

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