DE102011005896A1 - Operating device e.g. master cylinder for actuator for hydraulic braking/clutch system for, e.g. bicycle, has base portion and transducer element with surface areas having different electrical conductivities, respectively - Google Patents

Abstract

The operating device (10) has movable transducer element (110) and detector for detecting relative position between transducer element and base portion (100), that are arranged relative to the base portion. The base portion and transducer element are comprised of surface areas (101,102,111,112) having different electrical conductivities, respectively. A contact surface is arranged between the base portion and the transducer element. An independent claim is included for attachment structure of master cylinder.

Description

The invention relates to an actuator for an actuator, comprising a base body and a relative to the base body movable encoder element, and detection means for detecting the relative position between the transmitter element and the base body, the base body and the transmitter element each having at least a first surface area with a first electrical conductivity and at least a second area having a second electrical conductivity, which are arranged on a contact surface between the base body and the donor element. Furthermore, the invention relates to a fastening element for a master cylinder with at least one upper mounting clamp and at least one lower mounting clamp, which are adapted to surround a handlebar tube, wherein the upper and lower mounting clamp are connectable at least one of its ends with a screw connection.

Actuators of the type mentioned are used for example for the mechanical or hydraulic brake and / or clutch actuation of a handlebar-guided vehicle. Handlebar-guided vehicles may be especially bicycles, motorcycles, quads or snowmobiles. The aforementioned fasteners can be used to mount donor cylinders, levers, lights, tachometers or similar devices on the handlebar of a handlebar-guided vehicle.

From practice master cylinder of the type mentioned are known, which can be used for hydraulic actuation of a bicycle or motorcycle brake. For this purpose, the brake piston is moved by a hand lever so that a hydraulic medium is pressurized in the master cylinder. The hydraulic medium is conducted via a hydraulic line to a slave cylinder or brake actuator, which actuates the braking device of the vehicle. In order to prevent the simultaneous braking and acceleration of the vehicle, a microswitch is provided in the known master cylinder, which detects the actuation of the brake, so that a drive motor of the vehicle can be influenced.

From practice fasteners are also known with which shifter or master cylinder of the type mentioned can be attached to a tubular handlebar. The known fasteners usually consist of a single or multi-part mounting clamp, which can be closed with a screw around the handlebar tube. In most cases, it is desirable for the screw head to be arranged on the upper side of the fastening element facing the user. The nut and the optionally projecting screw shank, however, are arranged on the side facing away from the user underside of the fastening element. Therefore, different fastening elements are required for the right- or left-side mounting, thereby increasing the manufacturing and logistics costs.

Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a master cylinder for a hydraulic actuator, which allows reliable detection of the piston position. Furthermore, the object of the invention is to provide a fastener for a master cylinder, which is universally suitable for the right and left side mounting on the handlebar.

The object is achieved by a master cylinder according to claim 1, a master cylinder according to claim 11 and a fastener according to claim 16.

According to the invention it is proposed to integrate the detection means for detecting the position of the piston in the cylinder bore from the outside almost invisible in the master cylinder. For this purpose, it is proposed that in the wall of the cylinder bore and / or on the outer surface of the piston in each case at least a first surface region are arranged with a first electrical conductivity and at least a second surface region with a second electrical conductivity. The first and second surface areas may be arranged along the direction of movement of the piston so that they are arranged one above the other in a first position of the piston and are arranged in a second position of the piston at different positions along the travel path of the piston. In this way, an electrical contact can be closed or separated via the first and second surface areas. At the least, due to the change in electrical conductivity, the electrical resistance, the inductance, the capacitance or another electrical variable changes between a respective area of the piston and the wall of the cylinder bore.

Depending on the geometric arrangement of the first and second surface areas, switching elements can be realized which open or close an electrical contact when the master cylinder is actuated. If a plurality of alternating first and second surface areas is provided, a plurality of discrete piston positions can be detected. If at least the piston or the cylinder wall has a spatially extended over the travel of the piston first and second surface area, a voltage divider can be realized between the two elements be, which allows a continuous selection of the piston position.

The proposed detection means can be fully integrated into the master cylinder, so that they are protected from moisture, mechanical stress and vandalism. In this way, a simple and reliable detection of the piston position is made possible.

In some embodiments of the invention, the master cylinder may include a plurality of detecting means for detecting the position of the piston in the cylinder bore, both detecting means being of different types. In this way, different signals for detecting the position of the piston in the cylinder bore can be read for different applications of the master cylinder. If, in some embodiments of the invention, a plurality of electrical signals are generated which are generated by different detection means, the position of the piston can be read out with greater accuracy and / or the different measurement values of the different detection means can be made mutually plausible. In this way, the proposed master cylinder can be used universally and allows in some embodiments, a self-diagnosis of the detection means and a reliable detection of the position of the piston.

The proposed fastener for a master cylinder has at least one upper mounting clamp and at least one lower mounting clamp. Both mounting clamps have a curved basic shape and are joined together at their two ends, so that there is a handlebar tube encompassing ring. At least on one side, the clamps can be assembled with a screw. At the end opposite the at least one screw connection, the fastening clamps can be connected to a joint, which allows the closing of the fastening element after insertion of the handlebar tube between the mounting clamps. Subsequently, by closing the at least one screw connection, a contact pressure force can be generated on the handlebar tube. The joint may be formed, for example, as a mechanical hinge, as a film hinge or as a deformable material layer between the upper and lower mounting clamp. Such a material layer may be integrally connected to the upper and lower mounting clamp. If the upper and lower mounting clamp are connected to each other at both ends, each with a screw, the upper and lower clamp can be made identical, whereby the storage, logistics and assembly are further simplified.

According to the invention it is now proposed to provide at least one end in each clamp a receptacle for a nut and a screw head, so that the screw connection can be produced from each side. In this way, the screw head of the fastening screw and the nut can always be arranged in the desired mounting clamp. For example, the screw head of the fastening screw in the upper mounting clamp and the nut of the screw in the lower mounting clamp can be arranged. Since both mounting clamps have an identical structure and can optionally be used as an upper or lower clamp, any right- or left-side mounting of the fastener can be done on the handlebar.

In some embodiments of the master cylinder, it may be provided that the piston is composed of at least two parts, wherein a part has the first electrical conductivity at least on the outer surface and a part has the second electrical conductivity at least on the outer surface. Such a multi-part piston, for example, one, the outer surface of the piston at least partially encircling ring containing, which is pressed onto the piston. In other embodiments, the piston may consist of at least two parts of the same diameter joined together along the longitudinal extent of the piston. In yet another embodiment of the invention, a part of the piston may be inserted into a recess of the other part of the piston. In this way, the two parts of the piston can be made separately from each other and assembled during the final assembly of the master cylinder.

In some embodiments of the invention it can be provided that the base body and / or the piston is made of a material having the first or second conductivity and the wall of the cylinder bore and / or the outer surface of the piston is provided with at least a partial coating which is a material having the second or first conductivity. For example, the piston can be made of a metal or an alloy with high electrical conductivity and be produced by a coating with a nitride, an oxide, an oxynitride or a polymer, a partial surface with a low electrical conductivity on the lateral surface of the piston. In the same way, the piston can be made of a polymer, for example in an injection molding process. Such a piston can be provided with a partial coating of high electrical conductivity which contains, for example, graphite, a metal or an alloy. Such a metallic partial coating can be applied without external current or galvanically. Furthermore, the partial coating can be applied with a dip. For the purposes of the present invention, a partial area having a low electrical conductivity may be referred to as an insulating partial area and a partial area having a high electrical conductivity may be referred to as a conductive partial area.

In some embodiments of the invention, the base body and / or the piston can be made of a material having the first or second conductivity and at least one groove, which is filled with at least one material, is introduced into the wall of the cylinder bore and / or the outer surface of the piston having the second or first conductivity. For example, such a base body or such a piston can be made of two different plastics with different electrical conductivity, for example by multi-component injection molding. Of course, electrically conductive regions can also be made of a metal or an alloy in an insulating body or piston made of a plastic or electrically insulating plastic parts in a main body or a piston made of a metal or an alloy.

In some embodiments of the invention, the first conductivity may be less than 10 ⁴ Ω · cm and / or the second conductivity may be greater than 10 ⁶ Ω · cm. The given values are the specific conductivity, so that a measurable electrical resistance in a special embodiment additionally depends on the size and the cross-section of the respective surface area. The specified values allow a reliable signal readout and thus a nearly error-free detection of the position of the piston.

In some embodiments of the invention, in addition to the two partial surfaces of a first electrical conductivity and a second electrical conductivity, the master cylinder may also have a further detection means, which is selected from a Hall sensor and / or a reed switch and / or a capacitive sensor and / or an inductive sensor and / or a mechanical switch. In this way, the measured value of the position of the piston can be plausibilized by a further, independent measurement. Furthermore, different signals or different detection means for determining the position of the piston can be used for different applications of the master cylinder.

If two different detection means are present in the master cylinder, at least the first detection means can detect a discrete position of the piston and at least the second detection means detect the position of the piston continuously. In this way, at least one particularly important position can be detected discreetly, for example an end position. In addition, the continuous detection allows, for example, conclusions about the pressure built up in the hydraulic system and thus about the applied braking force.

In some embodiments of the proposed fastener, the countersink may have a polygonal cross-section which is complementary to the outer contour of a nut and has a substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bore extending contact surface on which the head of a screw or the end face of a nut can be applied. The polygonal cross section is chosen so large that the cylindrical screw head forms at least the inscribed circle of the polygonal cross section. In this way, the screw can be inserted into the countersink and turned in the countersink. On the other hand, the polygonal cross-section has a shape and size which is shaped to be complementary to a nut, so that the nut can be positively and positively inserted into the countersink. Thus, when fastening and loosening the screw connection, the nut can not rotate in the countersink, so that it does not have to be held with a tool. If the described reduction is arranged in both the upper and in the lower mounting clamp, the mounting clamp can be used either for left or right side mounting or in each mounting clamp can be optionally inserted the nut or screw, wherein by simply turning the Screw head attachment can be made.

In some embodiments of the proposed fastener, the countersink may include a first longitudinal portion and a second longitudinal portion, the first longitudinal portion having a polygonal cross-section that is complementary to the outer contour of a nut and a substantially rectangular at the transition between the first longitudinal portion and the second longitudinal portion is formed extending to the longitudinal axis of the bore bearing surface, on which the head of a screw can be applied. In this embodiment, the diameter of the screw head may be selected to be greater than the inscribed circle of the polygonal cross section of the nut. This allows an improved power transmission from the screw head to the mounting clamp. Further, since the screw head abuts the transition between the first and the second longitudinal portion of the counterbore, the screw head for a tool remains more accessible. Nevertheless, a corresponding nut in the first longitudinal section the lowering are introduced so that the mounting clamp remains universally usable.

In some embodiments of the invention, the proposed fastener may comprise a countersink having a first longitudinal portion and a second longitudinal portion, the first longitudinal portion having at least one recess complementary in shape to the shape of at least one protrusion formed on the nut and at the transition between the protrusion first longitudinal portion and the second longitudinal portion is formed a substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bore extending contact surface on which the head of a cylinder screw or the end face of a nut with cylindrical outer contour can be applied. This proposed embodiment allows the use of a nut with a cylindrical outer contour, which has a comparable diameter as the screw head. Accordingly, the nut is received substantially in the second longitudinal section, which at least partially extends into the first longitudinal section. Since the portion of the nut extending into the first longitudinal portion is at least partially shaped complementary to the cross section of the first longitudinal portion, a torque transmission from the mounting clamp to the nut is made possible, so that the fastening element can be fixed without attaching a tool to the nut. The embodiment allows an increased thread length of the nut, so that the possible holding force is increased.

Below, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments, which are partially explained in the accompanying figures. Showing:

1 a cross section through a master cylinder according to a first embodiment of the invention.

2 shows a cross section through a master cylinder according to a second embodiment of the invention.

3 shows a cross section through a master cylinder according to a third embodiment of the invention.

4 shows a section through a mechanical actuator according to an embodiment of the invention in a first position

5 shows a detail of the actuator after 4 in a first position

6 shows a detail of the actuator after 4 in a second position

7 shows a fastener according to a first embodiment of the invention.

8th shows the fastener according to 7 from the bottom.

9 shows the fastener according to 7 from the top.

10 shows a fastener according to a second embodiment of the invention.

11 shows a section through the fastener according to 10 ,

12 shows a fastener according to a third embodiment of the invention.

13 shows a nut for use with the fastener according to 12 ,

14 shows a section through the fastener according to 12 ,

The 1 to 4 show a hydraulic actuator as a possible embodiment of the invention. In 1 is a cross section through a master cylinder 10 shown according to a first embodiment of the invention. The master cylinder 10 includes a main body 100 in which a cylinder bore 104 is arranged with specifiable cross section. The main body 100 may be made of a metal or an alloy or a plastic material. The master cylinder 10 can come to an end 106 of the basic body 100 be attached to a handlebar tube of a vehicle. The cylinder bore 104 may have a polygonal, round or elliptical cross-section.

One end of the cylinder bore 104 goes into a connection element 105 over, to which a hydraulic line can be connected, which the master cylinder 10 with a non-illustrated slave cylinder or actuator connects.

In the cylinder bore 104 is a piston 110 arranged. The piston 110 can from a front side 115 be acted upon by an actuator with a force through. which of the pistons 110 in the cylinder bore 104 is moved and thereby the hydraulic fluid inside the cylinder bore 104 put under pressure. By an optional spring 120 can the piston 110 be moved back to a starting position. To escape the hydraulic fluid at the front 115 can prevent between the piston 110 and the wall 103 the cylinder bore 104 be arranged at least one sealing element. In the illustrated embodiment, two sealing elements are used, namely a front sealing element 121 , which as a lip seal is executed and a rear sealing element 122 , which is designed as an X-seal. In other embodiments of the invention, the type and number of sealing elements 121 and 122 vary. The invention does not teach the type and number of seals between the piston 110 and the wall 103 as a solution principle.

The piston 110 has an outer surface 113 on, which at least partially with the wall 103 the cylinder bore 104 in contact. In this way, the piston 110 in the cylinder bore 104 movably guided.

To detect the position of the piston 110 in the cylinder bore 104 shows the wall 103 the cylinder bore 104 first surface areas 101 with a first electrical conductivity and second surface areas 102 with a second electrical conductivity. In the same way, the outer surface 113 of the piston 110 first surface areas 111 with a first electrical conductivity and second surface areas 112 with a second electrical conductivity. The first and second conductivities of the surface areas 111 and 101 respectively. 102 and 112 may be identical, but this is not absolutely necessary for the function of the invention.

In some embodiments of the invention, the electrical resistance between the subarea 101 of the basic body 100 and the subarea 111 of the piston are measured. In the in 1 shown position of the piston thereby turns a first electrical resistance when the partial surface 111 of the piston of the second partial surface 102 the cylinder wall 103 faces and a second electrical resistance when the subarea 111 of the piston of the first partial surface 101 the cylinder wall 103 opposite.

In another embodiment of the invention, the extended area 101 the cylinder wall 103 both at his departure 105 facing end and its fastening part 106 facing end are electrically contacted, so that together with the surface area 111 of the piston 110 an electrical voltage divider results, which for continuously detecting the position of the piston 110 can be used.

For the formation of the first and second surface areas, different options are available. For example, the surface areas 111 and 112 of the piston 110 and the surface areas 101 and 102 of the basic body 100 be made of different materials with different electrical conductivity.

In some embodiments of the invention, the base body 100 and thus the second surface area 102 be made of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which has a high electrical conductivity due to the electrical conductivity of the carbon fibers. Alternatively, the main body 100 contain or consist of a metal or an alloy. In this case, the first surface area 101 be formed by an electrically insulating plastic or an electrically insulating part coating, so that the first surface area 101 having a larger electrical resistance. In other embodiments of the invention, the base body 100 consist of a plastic material of low electrical conductivity, such as polytetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene, and the surface area 101 contain or consist of a plastic material which is filled with electrically conductive particles or fibers.

In some embodiments of the invention, the piston 110 and thus the second surface area 112 be made of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which has a high electrical conductivity due to the electrical conductivity of the carbon fibers. Alternatively, the piston 110 contain or consist of a metal or an alloy. In these cases, the first surface area 111 be formed by an electrically insulating plastic or an electrically insulating part coating, so that the first surface area 111 having a larger electrical resistance. In other embodiments of the invention, the piston 110 consist of a plastic material of low electrical conductivity, such as polytetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene, and the surface area 111 contain or consist of a plastic material which is filled with electrically conductive particles or fibers. The surface area 111 can through one on the outside surface 113 of the piston 110 be formed pressed ring.

By appropriate choice of the conductivities of the first and second surface areas 101 . 111 and 102 . 112 the cylinder wall 103 and the outer surface 113 of the piston 110 can be realized opening or closing switch or continuously detecting the position of the piston detecting variants of the invention.

2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. Also the master cylinder according to 2 has a basic body 100 and a piston 110 as already related to 1 explained. The following description is therefore limited to the differences from the embodiment according to 1 ,

In a first variant of in 2 the embodiment shown consists of the main body 100 and thus the surface areas 102 the wall 103 the cylinder bore 104 made of a material with low specific conductivity, for example a plastic. In the main body 100 is annularly embedded a material layer with greater specific conductivity, which on the cylinder wall 103 a first surface area 101 forms.

In the same way, there is the piston 110 essentially of a material of high electrical conductivity, so that this with second surface areas 112 in the rest position shown with the second surface areas 102 the cylinder wall 103 in contact. Next to it is the cylinder 110 on its outer surface 113 a ring 116 on, which consists of a material of high electrical conductivity. The ring 116 is on the piston 110 pressed on and forms a first surface area 111 on the outside surface 113 of the piston 110 ,

In the illustrated rest position of the piston 110 is the first surface area 111 of the piston with the first surface area 101 the wall 103 in contact. This results in a low electrical contact resistance between the piston 110 and the body 100 measured.

When the piston 110 moved out of its rest position, the first surface area moves away 111 of the piston from the first surface area 101 the cylinder wall 103 , This increases the electrical resistance between the piston 110 and the body 100 , This can be translated by a readout circuit into a digital value which indicates whether the piston 110 at rest or not.

In a second embodiment of the invention according to 2 can the basic body 100 consist of a material of high electrical conductivity and the first surface area 101 have a lower electrical conductivity. In this case, the electrical resistance between the piston decreases 110 and the body 100 if the first area area 101 of the piston 110 the rest position shown leaves.

3 shows the cross section through a master cylinder 10 according to a third embodiment of the invention. This embodiment has similarities with the first embodiment according to 1 so that the following description is limited to the differences of the embodiments.

The main body 100 of the master cylinder 10 consists essentially of a material of a second electrical conductivity. Accordingly, the second surface areas also have 102 the cylinder bore 104 this conductivity. In the main body 100 continue to be first surface areas 101 and 101b a first electrical conductivity formed. For example, the second electrical conductivity may be comparatively low and the first electrical conductivity greater, so that the main body 100 as insulating and the first surface areas 101 . 101b can be referred to as electrically conductive.

The piston 110 consists of a material of predeterminable electrical conductivity. The outer surface 113 is in the illustrated rest position at least partially with the electrically conductive surface areas 101 and 101b in contact. This will cause the electrical resistance between the body 100 and the piston 110 comparatively low. If the piston 110 moved from its rest position, stands the outer surface 113 of the piston 110 with the second surface area 102 the wall 103 in contact. This increases the electrical resistance between the housing 100 and the piston 110 , If additional first surface areas 101 in the wall 103 the cylinder bore 104 are arranged, not only leaving the rest position, but also the achievement of a predetermined other position can be displayed by reducing the electrical resistance.

In the same way as explained above for an opener, by changing the electrical resistances of the first and second surface areas of the piston and / or the cylinder, a closer can be realized.

The 4 to 6 show a mechanical actuator 30 as a possible embodiment of the invention. In the figures, a partially sectioned view of a brake or clutch handle is shown. The actuator 30 includes a main body 300 in which a reception room 304 is arranged with specifiable cross section. The recording room 304 may have a polygonal cross-section. It can be designed to be open or closed to the environment, so that splash protection results in some embodiments.

The main body 300 may be made of a metal or an alloy or a plastic material. The actuator 30 can come to an end 306 of the basic body 300 be attached to a handlebar tube of a vehicle.

At one end of the recording room 304 is a connection element 302 arranged, through which a cable pull into the interior of the receiving space 304 can be introduced. The cable connects the actuator 30 not with one shown actuator, such as a brake or a clutch.

In the recording room 304 is a pickup element 310 arranged. The receiving element is mounted pivotably or displaceably in the receiving space. The receiving element 310 is with a handle 307 rigid or mobile connected. In the illustrated embodiment, the relative position between the handle 307 and the receiving element 310 through a screw 320 be changed to the reach, ie the distance between the handle 307 and adjust the handlebar tube. During operation of the vehicle or during actuation of the actuator 30 is the receiving element 310 with the handle 307 essentially rigidly coupled. This allows the receiving element 310 by pressing the lever 307 in the recording room 304 be moved or pivoted. As a result, a longitudinal portion of the cable in the body 300 the actuator 30 moved in.

The receiving element 310 has an outer surface 313 on, which at least partially with the wall 303 of the recording room 304 can be in contact. During a movement of the receiving element 310 in the recording room 304 There is a relative change in position of the two parts.

For detecting the position of the receiving element 310 in the recording room 304 shows the wall 303 of the recording room 304 at least a first surface area 301 with a first electrical conductivity and at least a second surface area 302 with a second electrical conductivity. In the same way, the outer surface 313 of the receiving element 310 first surface areas 311 with a first electrical conductivity and second surface areas 312 with a second electrical conductivity. The first and second conductivities of the surface areas 311 and 301 respectively. 302 and 312 may be identical, but this is not mandatory for the function of the invention.

In some embodiments of the invention, the electrical resistance between the subarea 301 of the basic body 300 and the subarea 311 of the receiving element 310 be measured. In the in 4 and 5 shown position of the receiving element 310 In the process, a first electrical resistance occurs when the partial surface 311 of the receiving element 310 the second subarea 302 the wall 303 opposite and a second electrical resistance when the subarea 311 of the receiving element 310 the first partial area 301 the wall 303 opposite.

In another embodiment of the invention, the surface area 301 the wall 303 have a greater longitudinal extent and are repeatedly contacted, for example at its ends, so that together with the surface area 311 of the receiving element 310 an electrical voltage divider results, which for continuous detection of the position of the receiving element 310 can be used.

For the formation of the first and second surface areas, different options are available. For example, the surface areas 311 and 312 of the receiving element 310 and the surface areas 301 and 302 of the basic body 300 be made of different materials with different electrical conductivity. The second surface areas 312 with a second electrical conductivity may, in some embodiments of the invention, be provided by a depression in the receiving element 310 be prepared, which are filled with a gaseous, liquid or solid material, for example, with ambient air.

In some embodiments of the invention, the base body 300 and thus the second surface area 302 be made of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which has a high electrical conductivity due to the electrical conductivity of the carbon fibers. Alternatively, the main body 300 contain or consist of a metal or an alloy. In this case, the first surface area 301 be formed by an electrically insulating plastic or an electrically insulating part coating, so that the first surface area 301 a bigger one having electrical resistance. In other embodiments of the invention, the base body 300 consist of a plastic material of low electrical conductivity, for example polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, acrylmethyl-butadiene-styrene or another, thermoplastic or thermoset plastic. The surface area 301 may contain or consist of a plastic material which is filled with electrically conductive particles or fibers or formed by an electrically conductive coating.

In some embodiments of the invention, the receiving element 310 and thus the second surface area 312 be made of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic, which has a high electrical conductivity due to the electrical conductivity of the carbon fibers. Alternatively, the receiving element 310 contain or consist of a metal or an alloy. In these cases, the first surface area 311 be formed by an electrically insulating plastic or an electrically insulating part coating, so that the first surface area 311 having a larger electrical resistance. In other embodiments of the invention, the receiving element 310 and thus the second surface area 312 consist of a plastic material of low electrical conductivity, for example polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene or another, thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic. In this case, the area area 311 contain or consist of a plastic material which is filled with electrical particles or fibers. The surface area 311 can also through a on the outside surface 313 of the receiving element 310 be formed pressed ring or a recessed disc.

By appropriate choice of the conductivities of the first and second surface areas 301 . 311 and 302 . 312 the wall 303 and the outer surface 313 of the receiving element 310 can be realized opening or closing switch or continuously detecting the position of the piston detecting variants of the invention.

7 shows a first embodiment of a fastener according to the present invention. The fastener 20 includes a first mounting clamp 201 and a second mounting clamp 202 , The clamps 201 and 202 are intended to include a handlebar tube of a vehicle, wherein by connecting the two clamps, a pressing force is generated, which securely holds the fastener and an attached thereto attachment to the handlebar.

To generate a contact pressure is at least one side in each of the mounting clamps 201 and 202 a through hole 210 brought in. On the outside, ie on the side facing away from the handlebar tube of the mounting clamp 201 and 202 , the hole goes 210 in a cut 220 above. The reduction 220 has a larger overall cross section than the bore 210 , In the illustrated embodiment of the 7 the countersink has a polygonal cross-section. The polygonal cross section may be hexagonal. However, the invention does not teach the existence of a hexagonal cross-section as a solution principle. The polygonal cross-section may also have a different number of corners.

At the transition between the hole 210 and the lowering 220 forms due to the difference in cross sections a contact surface 225 via which a contact force, which is generated by the screw on the mounting clamps 201 and 202 is transmitted.

8th shows the mounting clamp according to 7 , after sinking 220 a hex nut 260 was introduced. The mother 260 also has a polygonal cross section, which at least partially with the cross section of the reduction 220 engaged, leaving a torque on the nut 260 can be transferred. In this way, by turning the screw, the screw can be solved or closed without the mother 260 would have to be held by a tool.

9 shows a section through the fastener according to 7 , It can be seen that the mother 260 with her front side 261 with the contact surface 225 the fixing clamp 202 in contact. The shaft of the screw 250 is in the through hole 210 the clamps 201 and 202 arranged. The screw head 255 lies on the contact surface 225 the fixing clamp 201 at. Because the screw head 255 has a diameter which is less than the inscribed circle of the polygonal depression 220 , the head can 255 the screw 250 in the sink 220 to be turned around. In this way, the screw of the fastener can be tightened in a simple manner.

The 7 and 8th show a further embodiment of a fastening element according to the invention 20 , This embodiment also has a first mounting clamp 201 and a second mounting clamp 202 on, as already associated with 7 explained. On at least one end of the mounting clamps is in turn a through hole 201 attached, which in a lowering 220 passes.

The reduction 220 has a first longitudinal section 221 and a second longitudinal section 222 on. The first longitudinal section 221 has a polygonal cross-section which is complementary to the outer contour of a nut 260 is. As in 11 Obviously, the mother lies 260 again with their front side 261 at the contact surface 225 of the first longitudinal section 221 the lowering 220 at.

In the sink 220 the first mounting clamp 201 is the screw head 255 a fixing screw 250 introduced. In 11 a lens head screw is shown. Of course, the function of the invention is also in a cylinder head screw or other form of the screw head 255 guaranteed.

The diameter of the screw head 255 is greater than or at least equal to the perimeter of the polygonal cross-section of the first longitudinal section 221 the lowering 220 , The second longitudinal section 222 is larger in diameter or at least equal to the screw head 255 , In this way, the screw head 255 in the second longitudinal section 222 introduced and there to tighten the screw 250 to be turned around. The contact pressure on the contact surface 230 on the first mounting clamp 201 transfer. The contact surface 230 is between the first longitudinal section 221 and the second longitudinal section 222 the lowering 220 educated.

A third embodiment of the fastener according to the present invention is based on the 9 . 10 and 11 explained in more detail. 12 again shows a first clamp 201 and a second mounting clamp 202 , which each have a through hole 210 exhibit. The through hole 210 goes into a reduction 220 over which in turn a first longitudinal section 221 and a second longitudinal section 222 having. At the transition of the first and the second longitudinal section is a contact surface 230 educated. The screwing of the two mounting clamps can be done by a commercially available screw, which with a nut according to 13 is screwed.

The mother 260 according to 13 has a cylindrical outer contour 266 on. The diameter of the nut 260 corresponds approximately to the diameter of the second longitudinal section 222 the lowering 220 , In the middle of the mother 260 is a through hole with an internal thread 267 arranged.

The mother 260 has an end face 261 on, which during assembly of the screw with the contact surface 230 the second mounting clamp 202 in contact. To a twisting of the mother 260 in the sink 220 to prevent, rejects the mother 260 on her front side 261 at least one projection 265 on. In 13 are two opposing protrusions 265 arranged. However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment of the projections 265 limited.

How best in 12 can be seen, the first longitudinal section 221 the lowering 220 one to the shape of the projections 265 complementary shape. This means the first longitudinal section 221 has depressions 223 in which the projections 265 can be included.

As based on 14 can be seen, now the screw 250 rotatable in the through hole 210 and the second longitudinal section 225 the lowering 220 whereas the mother 260 in the sink 220 is held so that the second mounting clamp 202 the transmission of torque to the nut 260 allows.

Of course, the solution principle disclosed in the above description also allows modifications without departing from the general inventive idea. The above description is therefore not to be considered as limiting, but as illustrative. The following claims are to be understood as meaning that a named feature is present in at least one embodiment of the invention. This does not exclude the presence of further features. If the claims and the description define "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" features, then this designation serves to distinguish similar features without defining a ranking.

Claims (22)

Actuating device ( 10 . 30 ) for an actuator, with a basic body ( 100 . 300 ) and one relative to the main body ( 100 . 300 ) movable donor element ( 110 . 310 ), as well as detection means for detecting the relative position between the encoder element ( 110 . 310 ) and basic body ( 100 . 300 ), characterized in that the basic body ( 104 . 300 ) and the encoder element ( 110 . 310 ) at least a first surface area ( 101 . 111 . 301 . 311 ) having a first electrical conductivity and at least one second area ( 102 . 112 . 302 . 312 ) having a second electrical conductivity, which at a contact surface between the base body ( 100 . 300 ) and encoder element ( 110 . 310 ) are arranged. Actuating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic body ( 100 ) a master cylinder ( 10 ) with a cylinder bore ( 104 ) and the donor element one in the cylinder bore ( 104 ) displaceably mounted pistons ( 110 ) or consists thereof, wherein at least one wall ( 103 ) of the cylinder bore ( 104 ) and / or at least one outer surface ( 113 ) of the piston ( 110 ) at least a first surface area ( 101 . 111 ) having a first electrical conductivity and at least one second area ( 102 . 112 ) having a second electrical conductivity. Actuating device according to claim 2, characterized in that the piston ( 110 ) of at least two parts ( 115 . 116 ), one part ( 116 ) has at least on the outer surface the first electrical conductivity and a part ( 115 ) has the second electrical conductivity at least on the outer surface. Actuating device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the basic body ( 100 ) and / or the piston ( 110 ) is made of a material having the first or second conductivity and the wall ( 103 ) of the cylinder bore ( 104 ) and / or the outer surface ( 113 ) of the piston ( 110 ) is provided with at least a partial coating, which has a material of the second or first conductivity. Actuating device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the basic body ( 100 ) and / or the piston ( 110 ) is made of a material having the first or second conductivity and in the wall ( 103 ) of the cylinder bore ( 104 ) and / or in or on the outer surface ( 113 ) of the piston ( 110 ) is introduced at least one groove, which is filled with at least one material having the second or first conductivity. Actuating device according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the basic body ( 100 ) and / or the piston ( 110 ) comprise or consist of a first plastic with the first electrical conductivity and / or the second surface areas ( 112 . 102 ) of the piston ( 110 ) and / or the basic body ( 100 ) contain or consist of a second plastic with the second electrical conductivity. Actuating device according to claim 6, characterized in that it is obtainable in a multi-component injection molding process. Actuating device according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that in a first position of the piston ( 110 ) at least one surface area ( 111 ) of the piston ( 110 ) with the first conductivity of a surface area ( 102 ) with the second conductivity of the wall ( 103 ) of the cylinder bore ( 104 ) and in a second position of the piston ( 110 ) at least one surface area ( 111 ) of the piston ( 110 ) with the first conductivity of a surface area ( 101 ) with the first conductivity of the wall ( 103 ) of the cylinder bore ( 104 ) is opposite. Actuating device according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the first conductivity is less than 10 ⁴ Ω · cm and / or the second conductivity is greater than 10 ⁶ Ω · cm. Actuating device according to one of claims 2 to 9, further comprising a second detection means, which is selected from a Hall sensor and / or a reed switch and / or a capacitive sensor and / or an inductive sensor and / or a mechanical switch. Actuating device for a hydraulic actuator, comprising a base body ( 100 ) and a cylinder bore ( 104 ) and one in the cylinder bore ( 104 ) displaceably mounted pistons ( 110 ), as well as detection means for detecting the position of the piston ( 110 ) in the cylinder bore ( 104 ), characterized in that at least a first detection means and a second, different from the first detection means detection means is present. Actuating device according to claim 11, characterized in that the first and / or second detection means is selected from a Hall sensor and / or a reed switch and / or a capacitive sensor and / or an inductive sensor and / or a mechanical switch. Actuating device according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that at least the first detecting means a discrete position of the piston ( 110 ) and at least the second detecting means detects the position of the piston ( 110 ) recorded continuously. Actuating device according to one of claims 11 to 13, further comprising a single connector having a plurality of contact elements, on which the signals of the first detection means and / or the second detection means can be tapped off. Actuating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic body ( 300 ) a master cylinder ( 10 ) with a cylinder bore ( 104 ) and the donor element one in the cylinder bore ( 104 ) displaceably mounted pistons ( 110 ) or consists thereof, wherein at least one wall ( 103 ) of the cylinder bore ( 104 ) and / or at least one outer surface ( 113 ) of the piston ( 110 ) at least a first surface area ( 101 . 111 ) having a first electrical conductivity and at least one second area ( 102 . 112 ) having a second electrical conductivity. Fastening element ( 20 ) for a master cylinder ( 10 ), with at least one upper mounting clamp ( 201 ) and at least one lower mounting clamp ( 202 ), which are adapted to engage around a handlebar tube, wherein the upper and lower mounting clamp ( 201 . 202 ) on at least one of its ends ( 210 ) with a screw connection ( 250 ) are connectable, characterized in that both in the upper and in the lower mounting clamp ( 201 . 202 ) in each case at least one through-bore ( 210 ) is arranged, which on the outside of the mounting clamp ( 201 . 202 ) into a reduction ( 220 ), which is shaped so that it has a rotatable mounting of a screw head ( 255 ) and a frictional recording of a nut ( 260 ) allowed. Fastening element according to claim 16, characterized in that the countersink ( 220 ) has a polygonal cross section, which to the outer contour of a nut ( 260 ) is shaped complementarily, and a substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bore ( 210 ) extending contact surface ( 225 ), on which the head ( 255 ) of a screw ( 250 ) or the front side ( 261 ) of a mother ( 260 ) can be applied. Fastening element according to claim 16, characterized in that the countersink ( 220 ) a first longitudinal section ( 221 ) and a second longitudinal section ( 222 ), wherein the first longitudinal section ( 221 ) has a polygonal cross-section, which to the outer contour of a nut ( 260 ) is formed complementarily and at the transition between the first longitudinal section ( 221 ) and the second longitudinal section ( 222 ) a substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bore ( 210 ) extending contact surface ( 230 ) is formed, on which the head ( 255 ) of a screw ( 250 ) can be applied. Fastening element according to claim 16, characterized in that the countersink ( 220 ) a first longitudinal section ( 221 ) and a second longitudinal section ( 222 ), wherein the first longitudinal section ( 221 ) at least one depression ( 223 ), which to the shape of at least one projection formed on the mother ( 265 ) is formed complementarily and at the transition between the first longitudinal section ( 221 ) and the second longitudinal section ( 222 ) a substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bore ( 210 ) extending contact surface ( 230 ) is formed, on which the head ( 255 ) a cylinder screw ( 250 ) or the front side ( 261 ) of a mother ( 260 ) with a cylindrical outer contour ( 266 ) can be applied. Fastening element according to one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the polygonal cross-section is hexagonal. Hydraulic brake or clutch system with a master cylinder ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 14. Bicycle or motorcycle with a master cylinder ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 14 and / or a fastening element ( 20 ) according to one of claims 16 to 20.

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