DE102019000162A1 - Superheated steam generator for distillates made of moist material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to superheated steam generators for distillates made of moist material in an air-technical construction,
with a separation stage TU (30), consisting of heat exchangers, one made of superheated steam and the other made of moist material (12, 9)
and with a heat transfer medium (28) for heating the distillates in a housing (27).
In the two-component system, it is possible to extract excess steam from moist material (12) with superheated steam and to enable climate protection according to the first principle of thermal theory, from CO ₂ free energy and saving costs, for example in sewage treatment plants; further advantage:
Ecology through the production of fuel and distilled water.

Description

The invention is concerned with superheated steam generators for distillates made of moist material in order to use the superheated steam for drying the moist material and to generate excess steam when drying goods, so that even in the smaller capacity range <0.5 t / h evaporation, a dry distillation is possible when drying with excess steam from moist material and sewage sludge.

Furthermore, phosphorus P, based on the amount of 2 g P per EGW (equivalent population) and day in sewage sludge, is known, according to the sewage sludge ordinance § 3, 3a to 3d, the phosphorus from sewage sludge ash by extraction or from dry sewage sludge by distillation to separate. The invention further relates to the generation of superheated steam in order to enable the phosphorus to be separated from a material layer in the case of sewage sludge by dry distillation.

It is known about the separation of the distillates in a steam atmosphere that the water evaporates at 100 ° C and anthropogenic phosphorus is released by sublimation at 363 ° C as a distillate from solid material at ambient pressure. More information: Safety data sheet for P ₂ O ₅ .

There is also a dryer for moist heated material from the publication DE 29 43 528 C2 is known in which an inert gas is formed from water vapor by the heating, the water vapor is used for drying in a circuit and the material is heated indirectly via heating surfaces. Further measures are necessary for the direct heating of the moist material to form distillate and to separate the phosphorus P from sewage sludge, especially in the lower power range.

There is also a dryer for air-free drying after the DE 20 2018 001 268 U1 is known in which several heat exchangers are provided for the indirect heating of distillate. For equipment simplification, savings and climate protection, further measures are necessary for steam networks, for heat carriers for drying laundry and for the extraction of phosphorus P by superheated steam. The fact is that according to the 1st law of thermal theory - law for the conservation of energy - climate protection is provided with a CO ₂ -free condensation of distillate.

A fluidized bed furnace for pre-dried sewage sludge from Werdhölzli (Zurich) is also known, in which the moist material is placed in a layer of sand, in the subsequent combustion, in a mixture with thousands of cubic meters of air, in numerous exhaust gas cleaning stages, in wet and dry flue gas cleaning , in acidic washing solutions, the moist material is broken down with phosphorus P in other steam and gaseous equipment, chemical waste arises from dry and wet flue gas cleaning and is returned to the waste water system for disposal. (More information: Outotec.com, Oberursel) The disadvantage is the high equipment costs for phosphorus in the amount of 116 kg / h P (1.88 MOL / h and 42 Nm ³ / h), which in a pipeline, from 1 , 5 "is eligible. Details: 1 . Further measures are necessary in climate protection to avoid the consumption of fresh water of 254,000 m ³ in a phosphorus factory near Solothurn, the costs of CHF 55,000,000 and to enable smaller sizes. More details: phos (4) life procedure.

The main disadvantage: 1,000 times the water consumption 1,000 MOL H ₂ O per MOL P, destruction of the calorific value and 4 other chemical waste, the pollution of the sewage system with wet special waste from the RG cleaning and ash transport on the A1 - instead of energy generation and conservation of energy in small sewage treatment plants.

A low temperature dryer is from the document DE 295 04 040 U1 is known to enable product-friendly evaporation through a low degree of saturation x of the exhaust air from the moist material. When drying in small plants with higher evaporation, further measures are necessary to ensure the removal of Enterobacteriaces in the sewage sludge.

Next is a method for treating sewage sludge ash after combustion in fluidized beds after US 2016/0257574 A1 Known after which the combustion of the moist material in sand fluidized beds, a further treatment of the acidified ashes of the sewage sludge, 4 further filtrate stages in series, for the preparation of a P-containing product are finally provided in a spray dryer. Further measures are necessary in climate protection, for the conservation of energy, for the production of phosphorus without chemical waste and for the utilization of sewage sludge as fuel in smaller sewage treatment plants.

The invention specified in protection claim 1 is based on the problem in the combustion of sewage sludge and in the extraction of phosphorus from sewage sludge, in the scope of the apparatus described above, based on the destruction of the calorific values, the task and recycling of Fe-containing raw materials and chemical waste into the waste water as well as when there is a high demand for fresh water, for more climate protection and for smaller wastewater treatment plants, to demonstrate the possibility of dry distillation in an air-conditioning design made of moist material and to remove dry matter using the example of sewage sludge as a concentrate, in order to enable the heating values to be retained for later use as primary energy. Another task in climate protection is to use excess steam as CO ₂ -free energy and to use energy ecologically.

• a) zur Bildung der Destillate eine Trennstufe TU, bestehend aus Wärmetauschmitteln vorgesehen, aus Heißdampf das eine, aus feuchtem Material das andere und
• b) zur Aufheizung der Destillate ein Wärmeträger in einem Gehäuse vorgesehen sind,
• c) und insbesondere ein Schüttgut in dem Gehäuse vorgesehen ist.

This problem is solved by the features listed in claim 1, with a superheated steam generator for distillates from moist material in a ventilation design, in which

• a) to form the distillates, a separation stage TU, consisting of heat exchangers provided, one from superheated steam, the other from moist material and
• b) a heat transfer medium is provided in a housing for heating the distillates,
• c) and in particular a bulk material is provided in the housing.

Advantageous further developments and embodiments of the invention are possible through the measures mentioned in subclaims 2 to 10.

• a) die Einfachheit: nämlich Heißdampferzeuger, Trennstufe TU, Ventilator + Regelventil ohne Subsysteme bei null Immission - (Zweistoffsystem),
• b) die CO₂-freie Abwärme des 2-Stoffsystems im Überschussdampf, nach dem 1. Hauptsatz der Wärmelehre,
• c) die Einbindung in kleinen Kläranlagen mit hochwertigen Schlämmen,
• d) die Verdampfungsleistung mit 700 kg/m² Destillatmenge pro Stunde,
• e) die Erzeugung von Brennstoff und Vermeidung der Deponien,
• f) die Vermeidung der CO₂ Emissionen in der Höhe von 53.600 t pro Jahr in Zürich Werdhölzli, bei 1.400.000 EGW und Klimaschutz,
• g) die Wertschöpfung pro Tonne Klärschlamm mit 458 CHF pro t TS. S.u.
• h) die Gesundheitsvorsorge und Beseitigung der Enterobacteriaceen;
• i) die trockene Destillation, sauberes Destillat und Gewässerschutz.

The advantages achieved with the invention for drying consist in the high evaporation capacity of the superheated steam, without steam boiler, without steam network for all sizes as a two-substance system made of moist material; additional advantages:

• a) the simplicity: namely steam generator, separation stage TU, fan + control valve without subsystems with zero immission - (two-substance system),
• b) the CO ₂ -free waste heat of the 2-component system in excess steam, according to the 1st law of thermal theory,
• c) integration in small sewage treatment plants with high-quality sludge,
• d) the evaporation capacity with 700 kg / m ² amount of distillate per hour,
• e) the production of fuel and avoidance of landfills,
• f) the avoidance of CO ₂ emissions of 53,600 t per year in Zurich Werdhölzli, at 1,400,000 EGW and climate protection,
• g) the added value per ton of sewage sludge at CHF 458 per t TS. Su
• h) preventive health care and removal of Enterobacteriaceen;
• i) dry distillation, clean distillate and water protection.

An essential feature of the invention with the superheated steam generator for distillates made of moist material is to heat distillates, which were originally formed by separation as steam, and to provide the separation stage TU as a consumer for the energy generated. Advantage: climate protection and the conservation of CO ₂ -free energy according to the 1st law of thermal theory in distilled water; Ecology and the condensation of excess steam; Another advantage: the distillate: clean, CO ₂ -free, chemically neutral, suitable for recycling into wastewater treatment: in activated sludge and / or digestion tower.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 2. The development according to claim 2 makes it possible to provide a bulk material in the housing of the superheated steam generator in order to use the bulk material as a heat transfer medium. Advantage: large surfaces F for heat dissipation Qw. (Qw = F * k * (delta) T;)

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 3. The development according to claim 3 makes it possible to provide burnt granules from sewage sludge as bulk material and heat transfer medium in order to demonstrate high-quality use for burnt sewage sludge granules after the separation of the phosphorus. Advantage: The added value of 500 to 4,000 € / t ash, selective for small wastewater treatment plants.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 4. The development according to claim 4 makes it possible to provide heated bulk material which is heated with an energy source. The advantage is the use of different primary energy and climate protection through the use of CO ₂ free energy, for example electrical with 0.16 CHF / kWh _EL .

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 5. The development according to claim 5 makes it possible to use fermentation gases, which are produced in excess in sewage treatment plants, as fossil energy sources for superheated steam generators. Advantage: ecological products, fermentation gases, fuel, phosphorus, CO ₂ -free waste heat.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 6. The development according to claim 6 makes it possible to heat distillates of water, H ₂ O and phosphorus pentoxide, P ₂ O ₅ , which are supplied as a moist material, in the heating device. Advantage: Added value through superheated distillate as superheated steam without a steam boiler, small separation stages TU, cost savings, can be used advantageously in small sewage treatment plants (<50,000 EGW).

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 7. The development according to claim 7 makes it possible to operate a circuit with distillates as a two-component system in order to use the distillates from the superheated steam generator as primary energy. Advantage: climate protection, the thermal output of steam, small sizes as well as fire safety, health protection, with zero emissions.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 8. The development according to claim 8 makes it possible to provide a dryer for the formation of the separation stage in the circuit, as part of the two-substance system, for the formation of distillate. Advantage of the double function: steam and recyclable material generator made of moist material; ecologically important: CO ₂ free waste heat, fuel and distilled H ₂ O.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is specified in claim 9. The development according to claim 9 makes it possible to provide a quench cooler, which is arranged in a cooling circuit, in order to derive excess energy from condensing steam and to enable the recovery of energy according to the first law. Advantage: Climate protection with excess steam through CO ₂ -free energy and 1st law of thermal theory / Katowice - 2018. Important: Climate protection through cost savings after the 1st law of thermal theory.

Ecology: the recovery of distilled water, H2O; Another advantage: The precision due to the physical properties of water vapor, namely at 110 ° C overheating and cooling to 25 ° C, production of 620 kcal / kg or 0.721 kWh / kg of distillate in two-component systems.

An advantageous superheated steam generator for distillates of sewage sludge is specified in claim 10. The development according to claim 10 makes it possible to provide a separation stage TU consisting of heat exchangers to form the distillates of sewage sludge, the one from superheated steam, the other from moist sewage sludge and a heat transfer medium in the housing to heat the distillates in order to produce the distillates from H ₂ Obtain O and P ₂ O ₅ by dry distillation. Advantage: generation of fuel, small sizes and climate protection through substitution of brown coal. More: under 1 .

Advantage: double climate protection with 3.56 t CO ₂ savings per t lignite in the cement plant and with CO2-free energy from excess steam of the two-component system.

• 1 Feuchtes Material über Trennstufen TU-(flächen)
• 2 Heißdampf Erzeuger für 2-Stoffsysteme aus feuchtem Material

Further advantages of the invention result from the adaptation of climate protection to the local costs (CHF / kWh) for energy and are shown as a drawing and as an example. Show it:

• 1 Moist material via separation stages TU- (surfaces)
• 2nd Superheated steam generator for 2-material systems made of moist material

• a) dass die thermische Leistung für die Bildung der Destillatmenge 5 mit der 72 - fachen Höhe des Phosphor 3 aufgetragen ist und die Trennstufen TU-Fläche von der Zufuhr des Heißdampfes und der H2O-Destillation bestimmt sind,
• b) und die Destillate des Phosphors 3 in der Menge von 42 Nm³/h mit Bruchteilen der Energie in einer Trennstufe TU gewonnen werden.

The material layers are in 1 with the areas of the cross sections, formed from the F factors of the separation stages TU, in distillate quantities per second - valid for Werdhölzli - represented by one area 1 , matched to the distillate quantity of 1.88 mol in the size of 42 Nm ³ / h with an F factor 1 or 1 Nm / sec, from one surface 2nd for a pipe flow of the distillate of 42 Nm ³ / h at a speed of 20 Nm / sec, in the actual size for 42 Nm ³ / h with the side lengths of 11 cm and the diameter of 2.8 cm and from the moist material quantities that as phosphorus 3rd with the height of 2.67 mm, as a dry material 4th (Sewage sludge) with a height of 80 mm and as water 5 with a height of 260 mm as mass flows for a wastewater treatment plant of 1,400,000 EGW as a quantity (delta) m alongside an ordinate 6 in (mm) true to scale, are depicted in the way

• a) that the thermal power for the formation of the amount of distillate 5 with 72 times the amount of phosphorus 3rd is applied and the separation stages TU area are determined by the supply of superheated steam and H2O distillation,
• b) and the distillates of phosphorus 3rd in the amount of 42 Nm ³ / h with fractions of the energy in a separation stage TU.

In addition to the area-related representation in 1 of separation levels Sizes in the production of 2 valuable materials, other representations for apparatus are possible, which are not listed in detail. It is important for the treatment of moist material and of moist sewage sludge to use the distillates, heated in a superheated steam generator, so that the advantages of the invention are achieved.

Advantages are the high energy density of superheated steam with 782.7 kcal / kg at 400 ° C compared to the air with 96 kcal / kg air at 400 ° C and the intensive distillate formation in the boundary layers to enable better heat transfer in the separation stages TU .

Significant advantage: the evaporation capacity at 1.25 Nm / sec and 1 m ² , with superheated steam: 300 ° C / 734.0 kcal / kg 510 kg / h per m2 TU with superheated steam: 350 ° C / 758.2 kcal / kg 644 kg / h per m2 TU with superheated steam: 400 ° C / 782.7 kcal / kg 778 kg / h per m2 TU

Smaller sizes, at 50,000 EGW with 3,000 kg TS and 7,000 kg water per day have a water evaporation of 291 kg distillate per hour. Nominal area TU according to claim 8 and 350 ° C. (291/644) 0.451 m ² Area installed at 8 hours of operation 2 m ² & 50,000 EGW With the savings of the 2-substance system (per day) 10 t disposal at CHF 95 in Zurich 950 CHF / day see Werdhölzli 7 t distillate: condensation approx.5,000 kWh * 0.1 500 CHF / day 3 t TS as fuel / HU 3,000 kcal / kg / 0.1 CHF / kWh 3,000 * 3,000 / 860 * 0.1 CHF CHF 1,046 / day Saving at 50,000 EGW / without income * from P 2,500 CHF / day Over 365 days - savings (2,500 * 365) CHF 910,000 / year *) Does not include the proceeds from the extraction of phosphorus P.

1. (1) Heißdampf als Betriebsmittel in 2-Stoffsystemen vorhanden ist - auch bei kleinen und kleinsten Baugrößen,
2. (2) Energie Überschuss (1. Hauptsatz der Wärmelehre / CO₂-frei) aus dem Überschussdampf gewonnen wird - Vorteile für kleine Gemeinden,
3. (3) mehr Wertstoffe dezentral in Kommunen vorhanden sind - weniger Industrie,
4. (4) im Klimaschutz hohe Einsparungen an CO₂ dezentral möglich sind.

A diagram with a superheated steam generator in 2-substance systems is in 2nd For the formation of a separation stage TU with moist material shown air technology, which consists of a housing 27 of the superheated steam generator, a heat transfer medium 28 in the housing 27 , a feed line 29 for distillate from a TU separation stage 30th , a free space 7 , a feed line 8th for superheated steam in the TU separation stage 30th with a damp material 9 eg sewage sludge, a free space 10th , a sampling line 11 for exhaust steam from the TU separation stage 30th , enriched with distillate, from a task device 12th for moist material, a sampling line 13 of dry material (concentrate), a shut-off device 14 , a fan 15 with the formation of a circuit via the feed line 29 of distillate in the hot steam generator with the heat transfer medium 28 , which in the present example indirectly with a heating element 16 and by conduction through a window 17th from a heat transfer layer 18th is heated (which is described below) and the scheme from a cooling circuit via the fan 15 , from a pipeline 19th and a quench cooler 20 according to F28C 3/06, a feed line 21 for liquid coolant and a sampling line 22 for condensate is constructed in such a way for smaller municipalities that

1. (1) superheated steam is available as an operating medium in two-component systems - even with small and very small sizes,
2. (2) energy surplus ( 1 . Principle of thermal theory / CO ₂ -free) from which excess steam is obtained - advantages for small communities,
3. (3) more recyclables are available decentrally in municipalities - less industry,
4. (4) high savings of CO ₂ are possible locally in climate protection.

Next is in 2nd indirect heating with the window 17th and the heat transfer layer 18th shown schematically from a feed line 23 for gas and fermentation gases, a feed line 24th for combustion air to form a fluidized bed combustion and for heat dissipation through heat conduction through the window 17th is designed in such a way that, using the high heat conduction in fluidized beds with lambda = 10,000 kcal / mh grd, indirect heating of the superheated steam generator is possible.
In addition to the closed operational management, the ventilation technology is the same 2nd with a sampling line 25th connected to discharge excess gases and excess steam from the system. A pipeline 26 is intended for flue gases so that the advantages of the superheated steam generator can be achieved.

Further advantages in climate protection result from the data of basic engineering, shown on known plans for Zurich Werdhölzli, as follows:

A) Advantages of valuable materials as distillate and the savings from the excess steam with the material value of 0.721 kWh / kg of distillate, resulted from the drying of the moist material with superheated steam: Example Werdhölzli 70,000 t / H ₂ O per year Heat of condensation 0.721 kWh / kg distillate Migrol energy 10 Rp / kWh or (0.1 CHF / kWh) CO ₂ savings based on heating oil 0.39 kg CO ₂ / kWh Savings with H ₂ O 1000 * 0.721 = 721 kWh 72.1 CHF / t distillate Annual savings of 70,000 * 72.1 CHF CHF 5,047,000 / year CO ₂ savings: 721 * 0.39 * 70,000 19,683 t COz / year

B) Benefits from valuable materials as fuel with 2,500 kcal / kg DM
for cement plants and as a replacement for lignite or fossil energy: (heating oil) Example Werdhölzli 30,000 t TS per year Calorific value of the sewage sludge TS 2,500 kcal / kg or (2.90 kWh / kg) Replacement of heating oil: 10 Rp / kWh and 0.39 kg CO ₂ / kWh Annual savings of 30,000 * 2,900 kWh * 0.1 8,700,000 CHF Saving CO ₂ : 30,000 * 2,900 * 0.39 kg 33,930 t CO ₂ / year

C) Savings: P phosphorus extraction, without the wet digestion of sewage sludge ashes: Savings in Zuchwil CHF 50,000,000

Summary of A), B), C) (A) + (B) Advantage in climate protection: 53,613 t CO ₂ / year (A) + (B) Relief of the general public 13,747,000 CHF / year (C) Relief - once CHF 50,000,000 (A) + (B) + (C) Total relief in the 1st year CHF 63,774,000

Climate protection through the desired substitution of 1 t lignite, Hu 5,000 kcal / kg in cement plants: (Dr. E. Schmidl, Rubbish and Waste, July 2018). Sewage sludge, with 2 t TS 3.56 t CO ₂ / t - lignite Savings with 2 t TS from Switzerland 916 CHF / t - lignite

Important advantages for climate protection are
Technology: The 2-substance system by superheated steam generator & moist material Ecology: The products: fuel, distilled water, excess steam Saving: The 1 . The principle of thermal theory: “Law for the conservation of energy”.

Reference list

1

surface

2nd

Area of the pipe flow

3rd

Material, - layer P

4th

Material, - layer TS

5

Material, - layer H ₂ O

6

Ordinate (mm)

7

free space

8th

Feed line

9

Filling, damp material

10th

free space

11

Sampling line

12th

Material, moist

13

Withdrawal line for material, dry

14

Shut-off device

15

fan

16

Heating element

17th

window

18th

Heat transfer layer

19th

Pipeline

20

Quench cooler QK

21

Feed line

22

Sampling line

23

Feed line for gas

24th

Feed line for air

25th

Derivation of excess steam

26

Pipe for smoke gases

27

casing

28

Heat transfer medium

29

Feed line

30th

Isolation stage TU (Transfer Unit)

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 2943528 C2 [0004]
• DE 202018001268 U1 [0005]
• DE 29504040 U1 [0008]
• US 2016/0257574 A1 [0009]

Claims (10)

Superheated steam generator for distillates made of moist material (12) in a ventilation design, whereby To form the distillates, a separation stage TU (30) consisting of heat exchange means is provided, one from hot steam and the other from moist material (9, 12) A heat transfer medium (28) is provided in a housing (27) for heating the distillates. Superheated steam generator according to the above Claim 1 A bulk material is provided in the housing (27). Superheated steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein burned granules of sewage sludge are provided. Superheated steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein heated bulk material with an energy carrier (16) is provided. Superheated steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein fermentation gases are provided as fossil energy. Superheated steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein distillates of water, H ₂ O and phosphorus pentoxide, P ₂ O _{5 are} provided. Superheated steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a circuit is provided for distillates. Superheated steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a dryer is provided to form the separation stage TU (30). Superheated steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a quench cooler (20) is provided in a cooling circuit. Hot steam generator for distillates of sewage sludge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a) a separation stage TU (30) from heat exchange means is provided for the formation of the distillates of water, H ₂ O and phosphorus pentoxide P ₂ O _{5, the} one from hot steam and that from moist sewage sludge others and b) using superheated steam to produce (2) valuable materials, P-containing distillate and concentrate of the sewage sludge as a fuel substitute for fossil fuels, eg lignite.

Images