DE102014106286A1 - Oscillating piston engine, method for operating a rotary piston engine, engine system and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a rotary piston engine and a method for operating the oscillating piston engine according to the invention. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an engine system having a plurality of oscillating piston engines according to the invention and to a motor vehicle having the oscillating piston engine or the engine system according to the invention. The oscillating piston engine comprises three cylinders (10, 20, 30) and three pivot pistons (11, 21, 31) pivotably arranged in each case in a cylinder (10, 20, 30) and three engine heads (12, 22, 32), the engine heads ( 12, 22, 32) between the cylinders (10, 20, 30) are arranged. It is inventively provided that the oscillating piston engine comprises at least one memory (50) and to a respective cylinder (10, 20, 30) two gas lines (60, 61) are connected, each of the gas lines (60, 61) having a first connection (62) is connected in a dead center region (44, 45) of a cylinder (10, 20, 30) and is coupled to the reservoir (50) with a second connection (63), in which a respective cylinder (10, 20, 30) by means of pivotal movement of a rotary piston (11, 21, 31) ejected gas can be stored and from the stored gas in at least one cylinder (10, 20, 30) can be fed.

Description

The present invention relates to a rotary piston engine and a method for operating the oscillating piston engine according to the invention. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an engine system having a plurality of oscillating piston engines according to the invention and to a motor vehicle having the oscillating piston engine or the engine system according to the invention.

There is a need for the development of a supercharged diesel engine having a power to weight ratio of 0.3 to 0.4 kg / HP and 0.45 to 0.54 kg / kW. He should serve in particular as the engine of a serial hybrid drive and thus allow the drive of the vehicle only electrically.

Until now, in such hybrids, the internal combustion engine drives a generator which charges the electric drive motors and the storage batteries. Storage capacities are required because the engine performs lazy load changes and thus can not cover power peaks. Therefore, backup batteries are required which provide additional power through their stored electrical energy. On the other hand, the internal combustion engine must be as light as possible, which usually brings a reduction in performance and requires relatively powerful batteries.

From the DE 10119373 A1 is a rotary multi-stroke drive motor, also known as a plate piston engine known. It is a valve-controlled four-stroke engine with a floating about its shaft plate piston and four circular sector-shaped combustion chambers in which the plate pistons can move. Due to combustion, the plate pistons move in pivoting movements within the cylinders. Because the plate pistons can be acted upon on both sides with combustion-related pressures, a four-cylinder engine is formed. Work-related pivoting movements can be used to compress gas. However, there is also the general requirement in such an engine to increase the efficiency, namely by reducing the fuel requirement and / or maximizing the kinetic energy that can be generated per unit time.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a rotary piston engine and a method for operating this oscillating piston engine, with which mechanical energy can be provided in a reliable, energy-saving and cost-efficient manner. Further aspects of the task are the realization of an engine system and a motor vehicle.

To achieve this object, a rotary piston engine according to claim 1 and a method for operating the oscillating piston engine according to claim 10 is provided according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments of the oscillating piston engine according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims 2-9. An advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention for operating the oscillating piston engine is specified in dependent claim 11. Furthermore, an inventive engine system according to claim 12 and an inventive motor vehicle according to claim 13 are provided.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention comprises three cylinders and three swivel pistons pivotably arranged in each case in a cylinder and three engine heads, wherein the engine heads are arranged between the cylinders. The oscillating piston engine further has at least one reservoir, wherein two gas lines are connected to a respective cylinder and each of the gas lines is connected to a first port in a dead center region of a cylinder and coupled to a second port to the reservoir, in which from a respective cylinder Gas emitted by means of pivoting movements of a rotary piston can be stored and can be supplied from the stored gas into at least one cylinder. For the purposes of the invention is under a gas also a gas mixture such. As air or a fuel-air mixture to understand. The oscillating piston engine according to the invention is thus a rotary piston engine in which the rotation takes place in a limited angular range. The dead center areas to which the gas lines are connected are preferably located close to the engine heads, d. H. in the areas of motion reversal of the oscillating piston. This means that the first gas line is connected in a first dead center region of a cylinder and the second gas line is connected in the opposite dead center region of the same cylinder. The swivel pistons can be loaded with combustion-related pressure force on both sides, so that you can do work in both swivel directions. Thus, in the inventive arrangement of three rotary piston, a six-cylinder engine is formed. The memory can be a part of the gas line.

Preferably, the cylinders are formed substantially in the shape of a circular ring sector and arranged together with the engine heads in an angular range of 360 °. The cylinders are there Of course not in the literal sense cylindrical, but circular sector shaped. The swivel pistons are pivotable in one plane, each in a range of about 90 °. The engine heads are arranged between the cylinders and each cover a range of approximately 30 ° in the plane of the cylinder, so that the three engine heads together also cover an angular range of 90 °. Thus, together with the engine heads, the cylinders cover an angular range of 360 °. However, the arrangement of other components of the engine in said angular range is not excluded. The cylinders and the engine heads extend along the axis of rotation of the pivot pistons between two planes.

In particular, it is provided that each cylinder has a first dead center area and a second dead center area, wherein the two dead center areas are opposite each other, and that a respective gas line is connected in one of the two dead center areas of a cylinder and via the memory in the respective other dead center area of an adjacent cylinder connected.

This means that each cylinder has in its angular end regions the dead center areas in which a reversal of the direction of movement of the oscillating pistons and thus a brief standstill must take place.

A gas line is thus e.g. to connect to a first cylinder in a first dead center and connect in an adjacent third cylinder in the local second dead center. In the case of different cylinders, the respective other dead center areas are thus those angle end areas which delimit a cylinder in the clockwise direction and limit the adjacent cylinder in a counterclockwise direction of rotation, and vice versa.

With regard to the storage arrangement, the oscillating piston engine according to the invention can be designed such that all gas lines are coupled to a memory. That is, in this embodiment, there is only a central memory into which the gas expelled sequentially from the cylinders can be conducted and from which the stored gas can be sequentially distributed into all the cylinders.

Advantageously, all cylinders comprise substantially the same volume V _Z , the reservoir having a volume V _S and the ratio V _S = 0.3 ... 0.35 V _Z.

The oscillating piston engine is advantageously designed if it furthermore has a piston shaft, a crank drive and an output shaft, wherein the pivoting pistons are mechanically coupled to the piston shaft, which in turn is mechanically coupled to the output shaft via the crank drive. In a favorable embodiment, the star-shaped mutually extending pivot pistons are mechanically rigidly connected to their common connection region and mechanically rigidly connected to the piston shaft with this connection region. On the piston shaft, a first crank is preferably fixed, which together with a connecting rod and a second crank, which is fixedly connected to the output shaft, cooperates. The piston shaft operates as a swing or pendulum piston shaft, preferably without counterweight.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the mechanical coupling of the crank mechanism with the output shaft by means of a transmission, in particular a gear transmission, is realized.

In addition, the oscillating piston engine may comprise at least one pump which is mechanically coupled with the output shaft for the purpose of driving. The present invention is not limited to the arrangement of only one pump, but the oscillating piston engine may include an injection pump, hydraulic pump and / or an oil pressure pump for dry sump lubrication, each of these pumps may be mechanically coupled to the drive shaft for the purpose of drive.

In addition, the oscillating piston engine according to the invention may comprise a generator which is also mechanically coupled with the output shaft for the purpose of driving. This generator is preferably designed such that it can also be used as a starter, wherein the mechanical energy generated in this way is introduced into the output shaft and in turn is guided by the crank mechanism to the drive shaft and thus to the rotary piston.

To solve the above object, a method for operating the oscillating piston engine according to the invention is also provided, in which a combustion process is carried out in a first cylinder, so that the pivot pistons are pivoted in the cylinders in a first pivoting direction and at the same time from the memory to be supplied storage gas in a third cylinder of the oscillating piston engine is passed. This supplied to the third cylinder supplied storage gas is preferably Gas which has been forced out of the first cylinder due to the pivotal movement of the swing pistons.

Furthermore, in a second cylinder, the compression of the intake air and at the same time the supply of air to be stored in the second cylinder, but on the side opposite the compression side of the rotary piston in the second cylinder.

Combustion residues are ejected from the third cylinder and intake air is fed into the third cylinder at the same time, the supply of the intake air also taking place here on the side of the respective oscillating piston opposite the gas discharge.

Thereafter, the pivoting direction is reversed, wherein the combustion process, the gas conduction process, the compression process, the air supply process, the exhaust process, and the intake air supply process are performed in a different cylinder, respectively, with gas from the cylinder in which combustion takes place. is directed into the memory, from which it is in turn fed into a cylinder.

In this case, the term of the air to be stored denotes a quantity of gas which, after renewed reversal of the motion, is compressed by the oscillating pistons and supplied to the accumulator.

Relative to the cycle in which a combustion process takes place in the first cylinder, the supply of intake air takes place due to the increase in the volume between the rear side of the third pivot piston and the engine head between the second and the third cylinder. The discharge of combustion residues from the third cylinder occurs due to the reduction in volume between the front of the third swing piston and the engine head between the third and first cylinders. That is, the associated swing pistons at each movement simultaneously cause the compression of the intake air and the supply of gas to be stored and the supply of intake air as well as the discharge of combustion residues.

That is, after the aforementioned gas discharge and combustion in the first cylinder and compression of the intake air and supply of air to be stored in the second cylinder and discharge of combustion residues and supply of intake air in the third cylinder then the gas discharge and combustion in the second cylinder, the compression of the intake air and the supply of air to be stored in the third cylinder and the discharge of combustion residues and the supply of intake air in the first cylinder is performed.

After this cycle, in turn reversing the pivoting direction of the swing piston follows the gas discharge and combustion in the third cylinder, the compression of the intake air and supply of air to be stored in the first cylinder and the emission of combustion residues and supply of intake air in the second cylinder.

Thereafter, again reversing the pivoting direction of the rotary piston takes place the gas discharge and combustion in the first cylinder, the compression of the intake air and supply of air to be stored in the second cylinder and the emission of combustion residues and the supply of intake air in the third cylinder. In parallel with the supply of intake air in the third cylinder, this cylinder is also supplied with the gas expelled from the first cylinder, so that the pressure in this third cylinder increases significantly, even before the compression takes place in this third cylinder.

The gas line may form the reservoir itself, so that, if necessary, the gas from the cylinder in which the combustion takes place can flow into the third cylinder via the gas line which forms the reservoir. Thus, during a power stroke in a cylinder at the same time located on the side facing away from the combustion process of the respective rotary piston gas volume can be pushed by the pivotal movement of the rotary piston in the memory and from there, if necessary, immediately pushed further into another cylinder. This gas can z. B. be simple ambient air.

To carry out the method, the oscillating piston engine is preferably designed such that a first oscillating piston is arranged in the first cylinder, a second oscillating piston is arranged in the second cylinder and a third oscillating piston is arranged in the third cylinder, the front side of a respective oscillating piston being opposite the one in the sequence is arranged next cylinder and arranged the back of a respective pivoting piston relative to the preceding cylinder in order is. In this case, it is advantageously provided that in the combustion process in the first cylinder, the angle between the rear side of the first pivot piston and the preceding cylinder is increased, and the angle between the front of the first pivot piston and the next cylinder is reduced so that included in this angular range Gas is ejected and supplied to the memory.

It is further provided that the angle between the front of the second pivot piston and the next cylinder is reduced and thus a compression of the intake air received in the second cylinder is realized, and the angle between the back of the second pivot piston and the preceding cylinder is increased and thus a Supply of air to be stored is effected.

The angle between the front side of the third swing piston and the next cylinder is reduced thereby, combustion residues are discharged, and the angle between the back of the third swing piston and the preceding cylinder increases, wherein the supply of intake air is realized.

The order of the cylinders is designed according to their numbering, with the third cylinder again following the first cylinder.

To solve the problem, an engine system is also provided, which comprises a plurality of oscillating piston engines according to the invention, in which at least two Schenkkolbenmotoren are purely mechanically coupled to each other, and the pistons of these oscillating piston engines are in dead center in opposite Totpunktbereichen. This means that in the first oscillating piston engine, the swiveling pistons are in the first dead center position and in the second swiveling piston motor the swiveling pistons are in the opposite dead center position. This can be z. B. realize by two piston shafts are arranged side by side offset. Both piston shafts drive the output shaft via one crank each. In this embodiment, it makes sense to also place pumps in each space provided for the respective crank drive, so that no extra pump room has to be provided any longer. The advantage of the motor system according to the invention is, in particular, that due to the torque generated in opposite directions, the inertia force of a single oscillating piston engine does not make itself felt by unfavorable vibrations, especially when both oscillating piston motors are designed to be identical. This results in an almost vibration-free running of the engine system. In slightly offset phase position of both crank mechanisms also an indifferent dead center of the crank mechanisms is prevented, or both drive shafts drive via their connecting rod together a crank. By sharing the crank and / or pump space of the coupled engines, the volume of the entire engine system can be reduced.

To solve the problem, a motor vehicle is also provided, which comprises a rotary piston engine according to the invention or an engine system according to the invention. Such a motor vehicle may be any land, water or air vehicle, which has the oscillating piston engine, preferably as a drive unit.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention represents a light and small combustion engine which does not require flywheel masses due to its kinematics and therefore requires only a very small starter battery.

The engine has no oscillating pistons, no camshaft, no tappets and no hard valve springs, which has a positive effect on engine performance. The motor thus generates no second and third order vibrations. The motor has relatively few components and combines a small volume with lower weight and low production costs.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention can also be referred to as a so-called "Arcusmotor", which derives its name from the Latin word "arcus", because the pistons describe a circular arc movement. The oscillating piston engine according to the invention is always a six-cylinder engine and as such always a four-stroke engine, preferably a diesel engine, but also the design as a gasoline engine should not be excluded. The oscillating piston engine according to the invention performs four work cycles at four cycles. The oscillating piston engine does not require an exhaust gas turbocharger because the third oscillating piston assumes the function of a compressor. The valves of the oscillating piston engine are actuated electro / hydraulically.

The oscillating piston engine may be equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation and consequently produce only low emissions.

The resulting advantages are in particular a high performance and a high constant torque. This achieves the engine according to the invention with a minimum of components, which at the same time results in a high power-to-weight ratio and a low volume and fuel consumption. The motor can be operated independently of position.

Calculations have given the following possible technical data of the engine according to the invention: - Power to weight wet 0.3 kg / HP = 0.45 kg / kW - Power with charge ≥ 100 hp / L = 0.74 kW / dm ³ - Rotation speed 4,000 ^-1 - torque car ≥ 400 Nm - Specific fuel consumption ≤ 100 g / kWh

The battery used is preferably a lightweight lithium iron phosphate accumulator. The oscillating piston engine according to the invention drives the electric motors on the wheel hubs and changes its speed analogously to the desired speed. Acceleration peaks are additionally made possible by providing the electrical energy of the accumulator.

All driving conditions can be operated purely electrically, from city traffic through marching operations to permanent maximum speeds.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention is particularly suitable as part of a hybrid drive of a motor vehicle:

I. As part of a serial hybrid drive

The internal combustion engine has no mechanical connection to the drive axle, he drives only an electric generator.

II. As part of a parallel hybrid drive

The internal combustion engine acts together with the electric motor or motors on the drive train.

III. As part of a hybrid hybrid drive

Depending on the driving condition alone, the internal combustion engine or alone the electric motor or both together can provide the drive energy.

IV. As part of a micro hybrid drive

The drive of the vehicle is only via the internal combustion engine. The electric machine is not used to drive the vehicle, it supports the engine only to increase performance. This drive preferably has a start-stop automatic and brake energy recovery, so that a significant fuel economy is recorded.

V. As part of a full hybrid

With an electromotive power of more than 20 KW / t (specific power to weight in kilowatts of power of the electric drive per ton vehicle weight) equipped with such a drive vehicles are able to drive an electric motor. This also applies to the states start-up and acceleration, so that they thus represent the basis for the serial hybrid drive.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention is very powerful and very light, because he needs no flywheel. Therefore, he has especially as a diesel engine, the ability to react very quickly with his speed and power to the desired driving situation. With the power of max. 0.54 kg / kW will weigh a 150 kW engine (204 hp) only 80 kg.

The use of a starter generator combines the alternator and starter in an electric motor connected to the drive train. AS energy storage is a lithium-iron secondary battery. This battery is capable of absorbing the kinetic energy of the braking drive motors converted into electrical energy and making it available again when the vehicle is accelerating.

The electric drive of the vehicle is preferably carried out via two or four electric motors as a pancake or brushless wheel hub motors, which are controlled or regulated by an electronic load control. This load control is supplied energetically by a generator which is coupled to the internal combustion engine. The drive motors can be used as brake motors on the basis of the metered counter-induction according to the EMF principle (electromotive force).

Since no hybrid can work without corresponding power electronics, the modification of this electronics is planned for hybrid operation at the same time. So it will take over the regulation of the traction control ASR, the electric stability program ESP, the antilock braking system ABS and the friction control FC. The normal speed compensation when cornering is automatically controlled by the EMK drive motors. Thus, the inner wheel to its drive motor has a higher counter-torque than the outer wheel to the drive motor. With unchanged performance of both drive motors, the speed of the inner wheel, due to this higher torque and the associated resistance, decreases. Only with serious speed differences of the wheels, such as slippage or braking on unequal ground, the electronics intervene. For satisfactory efficiency of these auxiliary controls, which are performed exclusively by the EMF engines, four electric motors should be available and the vehicle should be driven on four wheels. Conversely to the safety regulations of the electronics regarding slip and uneven tire friction, the drive motors can also be controlled synchronously, i. The rotation of the axes is homogenized as with the locking differential.

By means of the EMK drive motors, it is possible to carry out almost all braking operations electrically by metered counter-induction. This means that the electronics also intervene here by the respective brake pedal force is transformed into electrical braking force. Thus, wear-free braking with maximum forces to a standstill and at a standstill possible, but depending on the brake power and wheel speed energy recovery is only partially possible and otherwise energy consumption as an alternative to wear is technologically necessary. A normal hydraulic brake is intended for special cases, such as additional effect in case of force braking, failure of the electrical system or - with mechanical assistance - in permanent use as a parking brake.

The drive motors, the generator, the power electronics and the accumulator are integrated in the cooling system. The temperature is monitored, and in the event of an overload, the system reacts with power reduction.

The design-related weight saving, the elimination of alternator and starter, transmission and differential, clutch and cardan overcompensated for the weight of the generator, the power electronics and the drive motors of the oscillating piston engine according to the invention.

The oscillating piston engine is also suitable as a drive motor without hybrid function. In addition to use in cars or motorcycles, it is particularly suitable as a flight engine, not only by its exceptional power to weight ratio, but also by its variable mounting position. He works completely independent of location. Even a slanted installation is possible. Lubrication is guaranteed in every situation.

Especially in small aircraft, it is common to position the engine in front, in front of the pilot, and fly so by means of a train propeller. This has the consequence that occupants must be protected from the engine noise. The oscillating piston engine according to the invention can be arranged due to its low weight in the vicinity of the rear of the small aircraft. This not only has advantages over the noise pollution for the pilots, but also has an advantageous fire protection .. In addition, this configuration can also find the thrust propeller, with higher efficiency than the Zugpropeller, application in small aircraft.

This particular, since the oscillating piston engine works charged and thus is suitable for height.

The swing-piston engine is conceptually a four-stroke diesel engine. The elemental advantage of the oscillating piston engine is the fact that it is possible to use the pistons on both sides - in contrast to the reciprocating engine.

The present invention will be explained below with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Show it

1 : a rotary piston engine according to the invention in a sectional view,

2a) -G): different phases during operation of the oscillating piston engine according to the invention,

3 : a schematic representation of the oscillating piston engine components in side view,

4 a flow chart for operation of the oscillating piston engine according to the invention.

To explain the general structure of the oscillating piston engine is first on 1 Referenced.

The oscillating piston engine comprises a first cylinder 10 , a second cylinder 20 and a third cylinder 30 coming from a first engine head 12 , a second engine head 22 and a third engine head 32 are arranged separately from each other in a plane. In the first cylinder 10 a first oscillating piston moves 11 , in the second cylinder 20 a second oscillating piston moves 21 and in the third cylinder 30 a third swinging piston moves 31 , The swing pistons 11 . 21 . 31 are with a common connection area 91 , which is also firmly connected to a drive shaft connected. Each of the swing pistons 11 . 21 . 31 has a front 40 as well as a backside 41 on. Each of the cylinders 10 . 20 . 30 has at opposite angular ranges a first dead center 44 and a second dead center area 45 on. The illustrated rotary piston engine further includes a memory 50 by means of a first gas line 60 to a first connection 62 is connected and with a second gas line 61 to a second port 63 connected in another cylinder.

In the in 1 illustrated embodiment, the first gas line 60 in a first dead center area 44 of the first cylinder 10 connected. The second gas line 61 is to the second cylinder 20 connected.

In the first cylinder 10 has been a combustion of fuel, so work 190 was done and the swinging pistons 11 . 21 . 31 in the first pivoting direction 46 were panned. The angle between the first oscillating piston 11 as well as the first engine head 12 decreases and thus the space between the first oscillating piston 11 and the first engine head 12 , Gas contained in this room will pass through the first gas line 60 and the memory 50 as well as the second gas line 61 in the third cylinder 30 directed.

In the second cylinder 20 also becomes the space between the second swing piston 21 and the second engine head 22 decreases, so that the intake air therein is compressed. It is in 1 shown that then in this room by means of injection, a combustion process 200 is initiated.

On the side opposite the compression in the second cylinder side of the second pivot piston 21 becomes air to be stored in a gas supply process 500 in the second cylinder 20 initiated.

In the third cylinder 30 be by reducing the space between the third swing piston 31 and the third engine head 32 Combustion residues due to an ejection process 600 pushed out. At the same time, on the opposite side of the third pivoting piston 31 the supply of intake air in a suction process 700 realized. In particular, through the gas pipeline process 300 from the first cylinder 10 in the third cylinder 30 over the store 50 will cause that in the third cylinder 30 by the additional supply of gas after reversing the motion of the rotary piston, a substantially higher pressure is created than by the sole suction process 700 or the amount of gas supplied is made possible. As a result, the efficiency of the oscillating piston engine is considerably increased.

Due to the reversal of movement of the oscillating piston 11 . 21 . 31 and the opposite principle, the oscillating piston engine according to the invention can be used as a classic gasoline or diesel four-stroke engine.

Each of the three oscillating pistons executes four full power strokes in both directions of pivoting, whereby a classical intake process, a compression and ignition process and a working and ejection process is carried out. Due to the arrangement of three oscillating pistons thus a six-cylinder engine is formed. The memory 50 or the gas line process 300 causes an integrated boost pressure generation. The memory 50 preferably has a volume of about one third of the cylinder or stroke volume. When ambient air is supplied at ambient pressure, the compressor pressure, which is generated by means of the engine, is thus approximately constant after p v = about 3 bar. When the gas is introduced 300 from the store 50 Of course, its inlet valves are closed in the third cylinder. This process happens before the actual compression, the third swing piston 31 when reversing movement takes place. Thus, the theoretical precompression is 2: 1. This value can be reduced depending on the desired performance via an electronically controlled charge pressure control valve. It is thus possible to charge the engine without the need for an additional compressor or turbocharger. The tolerance between the oscillating pistons 11 . 21 . 31 and the cylinders 10 . 20 . 30 is a maximum of 0.3 mm. The cylinder liners are preferably ground inside before the engine heads are mounted, and the rotary pistons running inside are ground externally round. For additional arrangement of sealing strips, which are provided via bores z. B. can be pressed with engine oil, there is a sufficient seal the cylinder chambers. For the purpose of realizing the necessary oil pressure, the oscillating piston engine preferably comprises a separate high-pressure electric pump, which preferably pumps oil against the sealing strips before the engine is started and thus guarantees the tightness of the cylinders. The tolerance between the engine heads 12 . 22 . 32 and one with the swivel pistons 11 . 21 . 31 connected drive shaft is a maximum of 0.02 mm. The in the engine heads 12 . 22 . 32 shown valves are not actuated by a camshaft, but electro-hydraulic. They are preferably pressed by a spring in their respective seat and cause such a seal. Each valve is assigned a piston which can be actuated hydraulically on both sides, which can actuate the valve with its push rod. In the unloaded state, a valve spring causes the valve to close. This ensures that no collision of a rotary piston with a valve can occur.

In 2 in the individual representations a) -g) is the oscillating piston engine according to the invention with different positions of the rotary piston 11 . 21 . 31 and consequently in each cylinder 10 . 20 . 30 shown different operating conditions.

The representation 2a) corresponds to the operating condition of the engine, as in 1 is shown. As already related to 1 explained, found in the first cylinder 10 An explosion takes place, so that the swinging pistons 11 . 21 . 31 counterclockwise in a first pivoting direction 46 have moved. It was in the second cylinder 20 Compressed air compressed, which now, as well as in representation 2a) shown in a combustion process 200 is burned. Due to this, the second swing piston moves 21 and consequently also the other two oscillating pistons 11 . 31 again in a clockwise direction and thus in a second pivoting direction 47 into a position, as in representation 2 B) shown. In this case, the gas to be stored by the rotary piston 21 in the first cylinder 10 directed. In the third cylinder 30 in turn takes place a compression of the intake air. In the first cylinder 10 is through a delivery process 700 Intake air supplied.

Due to the ignition and the combustion process 200 in the third cylinder 30 now move the swing pistons 11 . 21 . 31 turn counterclockwise to a position as shown 2c) is shown. This is a gas line process from the third cylinder 30 in the second cylinder 20 been realized, and a supply process of intake air 700 in the second cylinder 20 and a feeding process of air to be stored 500 in the first cylinder 10 , After ignition and combustion process 200 in the first cylinder 10 in turn, a pivoting movement takes place in a clockwise direction in a position of the rotary piston 11 . 21 . 31 as in presentation 2d) shown. This will be in the gas pipeline process 300 Gas from the first cylinder 10 in the third cylinder 30 directed. Also flows in the feed process of intake air 700 Intake air in the third cylinder 30 and in the feeding process of air to be stored 500 Gas in the second cylinder 20 ,

Again, reversing the pivoting movement pivot the pivoting piston 11 . 21 . 31 back to a position as shown 2e) shown. This will cause gas from the second cylinder 20 in the first cylinder 10 in the gas pipeline process 300 directed. In the third cylinder 30 the gas is compressed and out of the first cylinder 10 in the ejection process 600 pushed out.

Thereafter, the rotary pistons are pivoted again in the clockwise direction, so that they as shown 2f) are arranged. This results in the gas line process 300 from the third cylinder 30 in the second cylinder 20 , In the first cylinder 10 gas is compressed so that, with renewed ignition, the combustion process takes place there 200 the swing pistons 11 . 21 . 31 again in the opposite direction pans, so as in the presentation 2g) shown the initial situation as shown 2a) is reached.

It is overall apparent that out of the cylinder in which the combustion process 200 takes place, on the opposite side of the respective oscillating piston gas 70 is ejected, where it is compressed, and in an adjacent cylinder 80 is directed.

The method for operating the oscillating piston engine according to the invention is not on the in 2 shown sequence limited, but the firing order can have different variants. The following are possible ignition sequences based on the naming of the representations enumerated:
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-afcbed-
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In 3 the swivel piston engine according to the invention is shown in an open view from the side. It can be seen that the engine comprises a housing in which the cylinders indicated here only as a space 10 . 20 . 30 are arranged. Centrally through the engine extends the piston shaft 90 , with which all here not individually illustrated oscillating piston 11 . 21 . 31 are firmly connected. With the piston shaft 90 is a crank mechanism 100 in operative connection, whose first crank 110 firmly on the piston shaft 90 is arranged. The first crank 110 acts with a connecting rod 115 and this in turn with a second crank 120 together. The second crank 120 transmits torque to a gearbox 140 to realize a translation. The translated torque or the translated rotational movement is applied to an output shaft 130 directed. Again coupled by means of a transmission is connected to the output shaft 130 a pump 150 , which can be designed as a high-pressure pump, as a hydraulic pump or as a pump for the dry sump.

The engine further includes an exhaust manifold in the illustrated embodiment 170 , a suction filter 171 as well as the memory shown here on the page 172 , In addition, the oscillating piston engine can exhaust gas recirculation 180 include. The memory 172 is with a storage inlet 181 and a storage outlet to the cylinders 10 . 20 . 30 connected in the manner described. Furthermore, the cylinders include 10 . 20 . 30 a gas inlet 183 and a gas outlet 184 and an injection nozzle 185 , The seal 10 . 20 . 30 takes place via sealing strips not shown here, which are pressed through oil holes by lubricating oil. For this purpose is a pump 151 Installed. This pump is preferably a high-pressure electrical pump to promote the engine oil for the starting process can.

The output shaft 190 completes a rotation through 360 ° and gives off the engine power. Insofar as only a reduced charge pressure is required, a control or regulation takes place in such a way that excess storage gas is returned to the intake damper.

The intake damper is preferably designed annular and isolates the exhaust manifold and its damper.

The complete filling or emptying of a respective cylinder 10 . 20 . 30 without the usual overlap of charges results in complete combustion. This allows an ideal, clean and soot-free combustion realize. An internal exhaust gas recirculation is therefore not necessary. To further minimize pollutants, the illustrated external exhaust gas recirculation can be 180 Arrange. The required amount of inert gases to minimize the pollutants, thus the external exhaust gas recirculation 180 removed and fed to the sucked air. This allows a gas-fuel ratio of λ ≥ 1.2 and reduces carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.

The arrangement of the crank mechanism prevents a pivot piston colliding with a motor head. This is realized independently of the combustion pressure of approx. 150 bar, which offers additional security against collision by the compression of 22: 1. The high pressure pump is preferably a common rail pump for the injection nozzle 185 , Other pumps may be hydraulic pumps for the control units of the valves and an oil sump for dry sump lubrication.

The generator 160 can also be used as a starter of the oscillating piston engine.

The oscillating piston engine according to the invention is preferably subdivided into four spaces, namely into the gas space 190 , the workroom 191 with the cylinders arranged in it, into the crankcase 192 with the crank mechanism arranged therein 100 and the electric high pressure pump 151 for the starting process, into the pump room 193 with the pumps arranged therein 150 as well as in the electric room 194 with the generator arranged therein 160 , A control or regulation unit is preferably arranged outside of the swivel motor housing.

The operation of the oscillating piston engine is based on the scheme in 4 explained.

A lithium iron phosphate battery C serves as an energy supplier with the oscillating piston motor A stationary. The AC (alternating current) starter generator B can start the oscillating piston motor A from the lithium iron phosphate accumulator C while supplying energy. During operation, the oscillating piston motor A generated via the AC starter generator B enough electrical power for propulsion, accumulator charging and personal use of the on-board electronics including light. Given a corresponding state of charge of the lithium iron phosphate battery C, enough drive energy K is made available for the emission-free drive. However, the lithium iron phosphate battery C is designed in addition to this electrical backup function for a time-limited power push function for driving performance increase of the oscillating piston engine. During start-up and acceleration phases, it serves as a power reserve of up to 15% overload. The duration of the emission-free journey or the available power reserve can be varied via the capacity of the lithium iron phosphate battery C.

The system is equipped with EMR (electromotive force) L hub motors to allow the wheels to be driven without coupling to a mechanical train and to provide a low power to weight ratio as an externally excited, brushless outer rotor with high efficiency. Both the AC starter generator B and the drive motors L are designed for alternating current. The powertrain is operated with 120 V DC and the rest of the electrical system with 14 V. Although this requires rectifier and inverter, but this speed control is greatly simplified and the output speed is only conditionally dependent on the speed of the oscillating piston engine. By using a modern power electronics for the electronic load control with μP control F, the electric drive and the generator can be operated virtually maintenance-free, whereby a single efficiency of the electronic load control G 95-97% is thus achieved.

The drive motors L preferably have a power of 15 kW per wheel, resulting in a necessary power of 160 A per strand. Thus, the oscillating piston engine must deliver a shaft power of 95 kW. Due to the existing power reserve of the lithium-iron-phosphate battery C, this value is reduced to 82 kW, assuming an efficiency μ = 0.8.

The designed overall system with the swing-piston engine A provides a weight saving of 200 kg compared to average, conventional drive units in a large speed range 60 kW at the wheel. Thus, resulting in an overall efficiency of about 60% 40 kW / t. The great advantage of the extremely high torque at the wheels is maintained. By means of the μP control F information given by the accelerators or brake pedals as well as information transmitted to the wheel hub motors L by the sensors arranged there can be input to the power management. As a result, different load, safety and comfort functions of the vehicle drive can be realized. Furthermore, this control allows communication with other vehicles to perform a controlled convoy.

The realized control times are variable, since the electronic μP control F can variably control the injection nozzles and / or the hydraulically operated valves.

Braking can be realized in two stages. In a first stage, the electromotive force of the wheel hub motors is used by self-induction to reduce the speed. Since the wheel motors preferably have no permanent magnets, only the energy through the rotor field excitation is needed here, so that the deceleration value can be controlled very well. However, the drive motors can also be activated in the opposite direction until the sensors M detect the wheelstop. In this position, the vehicle can also be held electrically, for. B. as travel assistance on the mountain. For safety, a mechanical or hydraulic brake may additionally be arranged, which acts on the brake pedal with an increased actuating force. For this purpose, it may be provided that the first half of the brake pedal travel acts on the electronic brake sensory and only activates the hydraulic brake for the second half way.

It is advisable to cool the engine externally, such. B. with a cylinder-water cooling. However, the invention is not limited to such a cooling, but it can also be done oil cooling and / or air cooling.

Due to the small size of the engine and its small number of moving parts and the non-existent centrifugal masses its power to weight is only 0.3 kg / PS or 0.45 kg / kW. Due to the continuous work cycles results in a constant torque over the full speed range. The materials of the oscillating piston engine are preferably aluminum as well as suitable aluminum alloys and steel. The use of carbon and / or ceramic is not excluded.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

 10

 First cylinder

11

 First swinging piston

 12

 First engine head

 20

 Second cylinder

 21

 Second swing piston

 22

 Second engine head

 30

 Third cylinder

 31

 Third swinging piston

 32

 Third engine head

 40

 Front of a swinging piston

 41

 Rear of a swinging piston

 44

 first dead center area

 45

 second dead center area

 46

 first pivoting direction

 47

 second pivoting direction

 50

 Storage

 51

 Air to be stored

 60

 First gas line

61

 Second gas line

 62

 first connection

 63

 second connection

 70

expelled gas

 80

 adjacent cylinder

 90

 piston shaft

91

 common connection area

 100

 crankshaft

 110

 1st crank

 115

 pleuel

 120

 2. Crank

 130

output shaft

140

transmission

 150

 pump

 151

 Electric high pressure pump

 160

 generator

 170

 exhaust manifold

 171

 Suction

 172

 Storage

 180

 Exhaust gas recirculation

 181

Memory inlet

 182

 Memory outlet

 183

 gas inlet

 184

 gas outlet

 185

 injection

 190

 headspace

 191

 working space

 192

 crankcase

 193

 pump room

 194

 electrical room

200

 combustion process

 300

 Gas Process

 400

 compression process

 500

 Gas supply process

 600

 discharge process

 700

intake process

 A

 Arcusmotor

 B

 AC starter generator

C

 Lithium iron phosphate secondary battery

 D

 Start

 e

 load

 F

 microprocessor control,

 G

 Electronic load control

 H

 driving power

 I

 Energy recovery

K

 driving power

 L

 Wheel hub motor with EMF brake

 M

 sensors

 N

 Display of the operating status

 O

 Specification of the driver

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10119373 A1 [0004]

Claims (13)

Oscillating piston engine comprising three cylinders ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) and three in each case a cylinder pivotally mounted pivoting piston ( 11 . 21 . 31 ) and three engine heads ( 12 . 22 . 32 ), wherein the engine heads ( 12 . 22 . 32 ) between the cylinders ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) are arranged, characterized in that the oscillating piston motor at least one memory ( 50 ) and on a respective cylinder ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) two gas lines ( 60 . 61 ), each of the gas lines ( 60 . 61 ) with a first connection ( 62 ) in a dead center area ( 44 . 45 ) of a cylinder ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) and with a second connection ( 63 ) with the memory ( 50 ), in which from a respective cylinder ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) by means of pivoting movement of a pivoting piston ( 11 . 21 . 31 ) gas is storable and from the stored gas in at least one cylinder ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) can be fed. Rotary piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinders ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) each having substantially the shape of a circular ring sector and together with the engine heads ( 12 . 22 . 32 ) are arranged in an angular range of 360 °. Rotary piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each cylinder ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) a first dead center area ( 44 ) and a second dead center area ( 45 ), wherein the two dead center areas ( 44 . 45 ) are opposite each other, and that a respective gas line ( 60 . 61 ) in one of the two dead center areas ( 44 . 45 ) of a cylinder ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) and via the memory ( 50 ) in the respective other dead center area ( 44 . 45 ) of an adjacent cylinder ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) connected. Oscillating piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all gas lines ( 60 . 61 ) with the memory ( 50 ) are coupled. Oscillating piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylinders ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) substantially each have the same volume Vz and the memory ( 50 ) has a volume Vs with the following relationship: Vs = 0.3 ... 0.35 Vz. Oscillating piston engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oscillating piston engine further comprises a piston shaft ( 90 ), a crank mechanism ( 100 ) and an output shaft ( 130 ), wherein the pivoting piston ( 11 . 21 . 31 ) mechanically with the piston shaft ( 90 ) are coupled, which in turn via the crank mechanism ( 100 ) with the output shaft ( 130 ) is mechanically coupled. Rotary piston engine according to claim 6, characterized in that the mechanical coupling of the crank mechanism ( 100 ) with the output shaft ( 130 ) by means of a transmission ( 140 ), in particular a gear transmission, is realized. Oscillating piston engine according to one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the oscillating piston motor further comprises at least one pump ( 150 ), which for the purpose of driving mechanically with the output shaft ( 130 ) is coupled. Rotary piston engine according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the oscillating piston engine further comprises a generator ( 160 ), which for the purpose of driving mechanically with the output shaft ( 130 ) is coupled. Method for operating a swivel piston engine according to one of Claims 1 to 9, in which i) in a first cylinder ( 10 ) a combustion process ( 200 ) is carried out so that the oscillating piston ( 11 . 21 . 31 ) in the cylinders ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) in a first pivoting direction ( 46 ) and at the same time from the memory ( 50 ) to be supplied with storage gas ( 51 ) into a third cylinder ( 30 ), ii) in a second cylinder ( 20 ) Intake air is compressed and at the same time air to be stored the second cylinder ( 20 ), iii) from the third cylinder ( 30 ) Combustion residues are emitted and at the same time this third cylinder ( 30 ) Intake air is supplied, and then the combustion process ( 200 ), the gas pipeline process ( 300 ), the compression process ( 400 ), the feeding process of air to be stored ( 500 ), the ejection process ( 600 ) and the supply process of intake air ( 700 ) in a respective other cylinder ( 10 . 20 . 30 ), wherein the pivoting direction of the pivoting piston ( 11 . 21 . 31 ) is reversed, with gas from the cylinder ( 10 . 20 . 30 ), in which the combustion process ( 200 ) takes place in the memory ( 50 ). Method for operating a rotary piston engine according to claim 10, characterized in that in the first cylinder ( 10 ) a first oscillating piston ( 11 ), in the second cylinder ( 20 ) a second oscillating piston ( 21 ) and in the third cylinder ( 30 ) a third oscillating piston ( 31 ), the front side ( 40 ) of a respective pivoting piston ( 11 . 21 . 31 ) with respect to the next cylinder in the sequence ( 10 . 20 . 30 ) and the back ( 41 ) of a respective pivoting piston ( 11 . 21 . 31 ) with respect to the preceding cylinder ( 10 . 20 . 30 ), wherein in the combustion process ( 200 ) in the first cylinder ( 10 ) i) the angle between the back side ( 41 ) of the first oscillating piston ( 11 ) and the previous cylinder, and the angle between the front ( 40 ) of the first oscillating piston ( 11 ) and the next cylinder, so that gas contained in this angular region is expelled and the reservoir ( 50 ), ii) the angle between the front side ( 40 ) of the second oscillating piston ( 21 ) and the next cylinder and thus a compression ( 400 ) in the second cylinder ( 20 ) is realized, and the angle between the back ( 41 ) of the second oscillating piston ( 21 ) and the preceding cylinder and thus a supply of air to be stored ( 500 ), iii) the angle between the front ( 40 ) of the third oscillating piston ( 31 ) and the next cylinder, thus expelling combustion residues ( 600 ), and the angle between the back ( 41 ) of the third oscillating piston ( 31 ) and the preceding cylinder and thus the supply of intake air ( 700 ) is realized. An engine system comprising a plurality of oscillating piston engines according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least two oscillating piston motors are mechanically coupled in series with each other, whereby the oscillating pistons ( 11 . 21 . 31 ) of these rotary piston engines are located in the dead center in opposite dead center areas.  A motor vehicle comprising a rotary engine according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or an engine system according to claim 12.

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