DE102014006114B3 - Attachment for a building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an attachment device for a building, wherein the attachment device or a part thereof have at least one cement-bonded high-performance material.

Description

The invention relates to an attachment device for a building according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a use of such an attachment device according to claim 9 or claim 10 or claim 11.

Such attachment devices for structures, in particular buildings, at least consist of an outer concrete shell and an insulating layer, which can be arranged in particular on the outer surface of a building, for example, to protect a wall or building opening, such as doors or windows. This arrangement of the attachment device can permanently - such. B. from the generic FR 2 815 982 A3 known - or temporarily, in particular for the protection of the building exist. The attachment device can also be arranged at a distance from a building, then integrated, for example, in a conventional support structure.

The outer surface of a structure may consist of all common building materials, such as concrete, brick, glass, wood, metal or composite materials. If it is a building wall, which must correspond to larger loads, this often consists at least of a cement-bonded material and is steel-reinforced in the usual manner.

The desired protective effect of the attachment device is intended in particular against explosion / impact, at the same time against fire, burglary and fire / fire, occur, which are caused in particular by explosive charges, which are attached directly to the outer surface of a structure as a contact charge or detonate in the immediate vicinity ,

To protect against certain effects, fire, burglary and fire / fire, is often the task of existing buildings or parts of buildings with regard to an assumed hazardous situation as a precaution to adapt, in particular by retrofitting. Thus, there has long been a great need for such retrofit options as a header that can meet these requirements in a technically simple manner.

Currently, different solutions that are protective against the effects of fire / fire, fire, burglary or explosion, but not common to the effects of fire / fire, fire, burglary and explosion, and especially against contact charges known.

Conventional attachment with corresponding protective layers often achieve their protective effect by using heavy steel layers or very solid concrete walls. Especially such steel structures have relatively poor building physics properties, especially against fire / fire.

Often, header fixtures are used to protect building openings, such as doors and windows in the event of severe weather warnings, public buildings in the event of an attack, or shop windows at the time of demonstrations.

The object of the invention is to provide an attachment device for buildings and to provide a corresponding use, which effectively reduce the effects of fire / fire, fire, burglary and explosion in the simplest possible technical way. The attachment device should be able to adapt to the particular requirement profile and overall have the lowest possible weight.

The object of the invention is achieved by an attachment device for structures with the features according to claim 1 and a use according to claim 9 or claim 10 or claim 11.

It is essential to the invention that at least one reinforcing fabric is arranged in the region of the inside of the concrete shell or forms the inside of the concrete shell, the reinforcing fabric consists at least of a fiber material made of PET and has a mesh structure, wherein the mesh size is between 40 and 60 mm.

Reinforced concrete is in the context of the invention high performance lightweight concrete in which static or structural requirements in the usual manner non-prestressed or prestressed steel inserts were installed. The amount of steel inserts is specified by appropriate regulations and / or standards and can vary according to the given constructive options in this regard.

Lightweight concrete according to the invention is, for example, a concrete according to DIN EN 206-1 / DIN 1045-2.

The attachment device according to the invention for buildings, wherein the structure has at least one wall, at least consists of a concrete shell and an insulating layer, wherein the insulating layer between the wall of the building and the concrete shell can be arranged.

Reinforcing fabrics according to the invention are in particular fabric mats, in particular with a lattice-like structure, which in particular have a high extensibility and tensile strength. The reinforcing fabric consists of materials, at least of PET fiber material, which give the reinforcing fabric flexible, extremely resilient, stretch-resistant properties.

The reinforcing fabric has a grid-like structure, wherein the crossing points of the grid-shaped reinforcing fabric have a high strength.

The reinforcing fabric should be made of materials which give the reinforcing fabric flexible, extremely resilient, stretch-resistant properties.

The mesh size, namely between 40 and 60 mm, is selected after extensive tests so that a very intimate and firm connection of the reinforcing fabric and concrete is ensured.

The outer layer of the attachment is the concrete shell, this serves primarily the task of distributing the very punctually occurring loads of a contact detonation on a wider area. Therefore, very good tensile properties are required for this layer, which are ensured by the invention selected and used reinforcement fabric.

The layer adjoining the concrete shell, the insulating layer, reduced by conversion and deflection, during the destruction of the insulating layer, as much as possible of the detonation energy or the amount of detonation energy, which is directed in particular into the interior of the room cell. In addition, in particular, in order to limit the total weight of the attachment device, the lightest possible materials are used.

Another requirement that complies with the insulating layer is to develop the highest possible breaking energy to reduce the energy level of the entire header during the destruction process caused by the detonation. The material of the insulating layer is atomized into the smallest possible fragments. Larger fragments would, especially because of their larger mass, develop a greater projectile effect which would be suitable for the next layer, i. H. the outer surface of the building, at least selectively, to penetrate. The insulating layer may be formed, for example, plate-shaped.

The material of the plate-shaped insulating layer may be a foam glass, which has an increased density, particularly preferably a density above 190 kg / cbm possesses. In addition, the foam glass may have an increased compressive strength, more preferably a compressive strength of over 2200 kPa. The thermal conductivity is about 0.072 W / mK. The foam glass is not flammable or at least has good fire retardant properties.

Such a plate-shaped insulating layer according to the invention is, for example, a foam glass plate, which allows thermal insulation, compressive strength and adequate fire safety of building materials on buildings simultaneously.

The dimensioning and material selection of the parts of the attachment according to the invention takes place in each case according to the specific local conditions, in particular the properties of the building wall or the outer surface of the building and the extent of the defensive effects of fire / fire, shelling, burglary and explosion on this part of the building. The attachment device acts as a supplement to the protective effect of the building wall, so that the desired total protection effect is the sum of the protective effect of the existing building wall and the attachment device.

The protective device thus needs only at least consist of the composite of concrete shell and insulating layer, provided that the adjoining building wall or the outer surface of the building has the required properties. This is the case in particular, provided that the adjoining building wall consists of a reinforced concrete, in particular with a reinforcing fabric, which is preferred in the Area of the inside of the adjoining building wall is located. For the purposes of the invention, the attachment device is also spaced from buildings, for example as a protective fence, protective wall or integrated in a protective gate, can be used.

The dependent claims 2 to 8 contain advantageous embodiments of the invention, without limiting this.

It is preferred that an insulating layer is arranged on the outer wall of the concrete shell. The outer layer of the attachment device according to the invention, namely in this case the insulating layer, has in the case of an external detonation, i. H. a detonation outside of the building part to be protected, for the load of the entire protection device an important role. In particular, this insulating layer has to fulfill the task of generating the largest possible distance to the surface of the adjoining building wall. The greater this distance, the lower the detonation force acting on the surface of the building wall in the event of an external detonation. Furthermore, during the destruction of the insulating layer as much as possible of the detonation energy or the amount of detonation energy, which is directed in particular in the direction of the building wall, by conversion and diversion, to be reduced. It should also, in particular, to limit the total weight of the protection device, lightest possible materials are used.

The material of the outermost layer of insulation should not be flammable or at least have good fire retardant properties.

It is also preferred that the reinforcing fabric has a mesh structure, wherein the mesh width / grid width is about 50 mm. In such a mesh size, the reinforcement fabric which is inserted into the solidified concrete mass, in the final state, d. H. after curing of the reinforcing fabric enclosing concrete, particularly intimately connected to the concrete.

It is also preferred that on the inside of the insulating layer or the inside of the concrete element a splinter protection device, in particular a splinter protection mat, is arranged.

Particularly preferably, this is braced, preferably braced at the edges, or is arranged glued. This type of attachment, d. H. Tense in the sense of adjacent, but not connected, has shown in tests surprisingly improved protective effect. The splinter protection mat is a known from the prior art and customary for such applications.

It is also preferred that the concrete shell and / or the concrete element in particular consists of a cement-bonded material, in particular a steel-reinforced concrete, particularly preferably a lightweight concrete, and a preferably two-ply reinforcement fabric made of PET or exist.

It is also preferred that at least the base wall, in particular without that the concrete shell and the insulating layer are arranged on the base wall, is transportable. This makes it possible that the base wall can be produced industrially and only at the site, in particular the concrete shell and / or the insulating layer must be mounted.

It is also preferred that at least the concrete shell and the insulating layer, in particular the composite of these, are transportable. This is in a technically simplest way possible, the attachment only when needed, d. H. not permanent, use. In addition, this makes it possible to use the attachment device as a retrofit component for existing buildings to improve their protection.

Further features, properties and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments. These exemplary embodiments describe the experimental setup for checking the sprinkling-inhibiting effect of plate-shaped protective devices according to the invention for a building part.

The inventive arrangement of the reinforcing fabric in the region of the inside of the concrete element prevents in the case of load, in particular in a detonation, the unwanted breaking out of parts of the reinforced steel concrete element. Breaking out parts could otherwise injure persons and / or destroy objects.

The following description of the embodiments will be made with reference to FIGS 1 and 2 ,

Show it:

1 An exemplary embodiment as a test arrangement for testing a front attachment of buildings according to the invention, here with two layers, arranged on a building wall and

2 An embodiment of an attachment device according to the invention for buildings, here with five layers.

1 shows an embodiment as an experimental arrangement for the testing of an inventive attachment for buildings, here with two layers, arranged on a building wall.

Experimental design:

• 4 kg PETN (Nitropenta) as contact charge 7 to a plate-shaped protective device according to the invention with 44 cm thickness.

The blasted plate-shaped attachment was in a sandwich construction of two layers, namely a concrete shell 2 , which consists of a cementitious material and is reinforced steel, and an insulating layer 3 , where the insulating layer 3 between the simulated building wall 8th and concrete shell 2 was arranged, built.

The outer layer, namely the concrete shell 2 , was a 14 cm thick, single-layered reinforced concrete slab made of lightweight concrete with a bar steel reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm. A reinforcement fabric 4 , consisting of two reinforcing fabric mats, which were offset by an angle of 90 ° to each other, was in the area of the inside of the concrete shell 2 arranged.

The insulating layer 3 was 10 cm thick and made of foam glass, designed as a foam glass plate.

The lowest or inner layer, namely the building wall 8th , was a 20 cm thick, double-reinforced concrete slab made of lightweight concrete.

A reinforcement fabric 4 , consisting of two reinforcing fabric mats, which were offset by an angle of 90 ° to each other, was in the area of the inside of the building wall 8th arranged.

The explosive charge 7 was centered on the concrete shell 2 hung up. Explosive mass: 4.0 kg PENT, malleable Charge diameter: 24 cm Load height: 6 cm.

For the electric ignition, a moment fuse was used. The detonator was centered on the explosive charge 7 appropriate.

Result of the experiment:

The blast / detonation occurred in the concrete shell 2 and in the insulating layer 3 a breakthrough of about 55 cm. On the inside of the simulated building wall 8th came to no breakthrough, only to a relaxation of the concrete structure. The inside of the building wall 8th after the test had a deformation in the form of a bulge of about 10 cm.

Evaluation of the result:

On the basis of the test results, the attachment according to the invention provides the necessary protection in the interior of a building, ie the area which adjoins the inside of the building wall 8th followed.

Information about the explosive 7 :

Nitropenta (PETN, pentrite, pentaerythrityl tetranitrate) is an explosive.

• • Explosionswärme: 6311 kJ·kg^–1 (H₂O (l)), 5856 kJ·kg^–1 (H₂O (g)).
• • Detonationsgeschwindigkeit: 8400 m·s^–1 bei der Maximaldichte
• • Normalgasvolumen: 823 l·kg^–1.
• • Spezifische Energie: 1204 kJ·kg^–1
• • Verpuffungspunkt: 202–205°C
• • Bleiblockausbauchung: 52,3 cm³·g^–1
• • Schlagempfindlichkeit: 3 J
• Reibempfindlichkeit: 60 N Stiftbelastung
• • Stahlhülsentest: Grenzdurchmesser 6 mm

Nitropenta is one of the most powerful, highly explosive and also relatively insensitive and chemically very stable explosives. Important explosion indicators are:

• • Explosive heat: 6311 kJ · kg ^-1 (H ₂ O (l)), 5856 kJ · kg ^-1 (H ₂ O (g)).
• • Detonation speed: 8400 m · s ^-1 at the maximum density
• • Normal gas volume: 823 l · kg ^-1 .
• • Specific energy: 1204 kJ · kg ^-1
• • deflagration point: 202-205 ° C
• • Lead block bulge: 52.3 cm ³ · g ^-1
• • Impact sensitivity: 3 y
• Friction sensitivity: 60 N pin load
• • Steel sleeve test: limit diameter 6 mm

2 shows an embodiment of an inventive attachment device for buildings, here with five layers. The plate-shaped attachment device is in a sandwich construction of five layers, namely a concrete element 1 , which consists of a cement-bonded material and steel reinforced, a concrete shell 2 and an insulating layer 3 , where the insulating layer 3 between the concrete element 1 and the concrete shell 2 is arranged, constructed.

On the inside of the concrete element 1 is a typical in type and structure splinter protection device 5 , in particular a splinter protection mat, arranged.

On the outer wall of the concrete shell 2 is another layer of insulation 6 arranged.

The concrete shell 2 is a 14 cm thick, single-layer reinforced reinforced concrete slab made of lightweight concrete with an 8 mm thick steel bar reinforcement. A reinforcement fabric 4 , consisting of two reinforcing fabric mats, which are offset by an angle of 90 ° to each other, are in the area of the inside of the concrete shell 2 arranged.

The inner insulation layer 3 is 10 cm thick and consists of a foam glass, designed as glass foam plate.

The concrete element 1 is a 20 cm thick, double-reinforced concrete slab made of lightweight concrete.

A reinforcement fabric 4 , consisting of two reinforcing fabric mats, which are offset by an angle of 90 ° to each other, are in the area of the inside of the concrete element 1 arranged.

The on the outer wall of the concrete shell 2 arranged outer insulation layer 6 is a common thermal insulation composite system in this embodiment.

This outermost layer causes here additional building insulation. In addition, this layer, in particular with an alternative structure, for example with a colored outer plaster layer, makes possible an optical adaptation and, if desired, a camouflage of the protective device according to the invention. In addition, a variety of optical design (architecture) is basically possible. In the present case, this causes an additional safety distance of the contact charge to the outer concrete shell 2 ,

The attachment device described in this embodiment can be used both directly on a building, for example temporarily, or at a distance from a building, for example as a protective fence, protective wall or integrated in a protective gate.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

concrete element

2

concrete shell

3

damp course

4

reinforcement fabrics

5

Splitter protection device

6

Insulating layer (outer wall of the concrete shell)

7

explosive charge

8th

building wall

Claims (11)

Attachment device for a building having at least one wall, wherein the attachment device comprises at least one concrete shell ( 2 ) and an insulating layer ( 3 ), whereby the insulating layer ( 3 ) between the wall of the structure and the concrete shell ( 2 ) can be arranged, characterized in that at least one reinforcing fabric ( 4 ) in the area of the inside of the concrete shell ( 2 ) or the inside of the concrete shell ( 2 ) and that the reinforcement fabric ( 4 ) consists of at least one fiber material made of PET and has a mesh structure, wherein the mesh size is between 40 and 60 mm. Attachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inside of the insulating layer ( 3 ) a concrete element ( 1 ) is arranged. Attachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inside of the insulating layer ( 3 ) or the inside of the concrete element ( 1 ) a splinter protection device ( 5 ), in particular a splinter protection mat, is arranged. Attachment device according to claim 3, characterized in that the splinter protection mat braced, preferably braced at the edges, or is arranged glued. Attachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mesh size of the mesh structure of the reinforcing fabric ( 4 ) Is 50 mm. Attachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer wall of the concrete shell ( 2 ) an insulating layer ( 6 ) is arranged. Attachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the concrete shell ( 2 ) and / or the concrete element ( 1 ) consists of a cement-bonded material, in particular a steel-reinforced concrete, more preferably a lightweight concrete, and a preferably two-ply reinforcement fabric made of PET or consist. Attachment device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the concrete shell ( 2 ) and the insulating layer ( 3 ) are transportable. Use of the attachment device for a building according to at least one of claims 1 to 8 for protection against fire, fire, burglary and / or explosion loads. Use of the attachment device for a building according to at least one of claims 1 to 8 as a protective fence or protective wall. Use of the attachment device for a building according to at least one of claims 1 to 9 as a retrofit component.

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