DE102009033554A1 - Azipod - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a propeller pod (14) having a hull (16) which has a shaft (18) for attachment to a vehicle (10), in particular a watercraft, the shaft (18) extending along a shaft axis (AS) and at least one cross section (Q) with a chord (S), and (b) at least one propeller shaft (20, 24) for securing a propeller (22), (c) the chord (S) at a directional angle (α) to a propeller axis of rotation (AP) of the propeller shaft (20, 24). According to the invention, it is provided that the direction angle (α) changes at least in sections at a distance (r) from the propeller rotation axis (AP).

Description

The The invention relates to a propeller pod having (a) a hull which a shaft for attachment to a vehicle, in particular a Watercraft, wherein the shaft along a shaft axis extends, and has at least one cross section with a chord, and (b) at least one propeller shaft for mounting a propeller, wherein the chord relative to a directional angle measuring surface at a direction angle to a propeller axis of rotation of the propeller shaft runs.

such Propeller pods are used in so-called pod drives. Pod drives are used when, for example, in ships particularly high efficiency and a compact design desired are. Pod drives can therefore be found in ferries, for example and on yachts use.

From the EP 1 336 561 B1 is a pod drive known. A disadvantage of this embodiment is the unsatisfactory efficiency. At high speeds such pod drives also tend to cavitation.

Another propeller pod is out of the DE 35 19 103 known. In this embodiment, the shaft is formed prismatic and is at a fixed direction angle relative to the axis of rotation of the propeller. Even such pod drives tend to cavitation. To reduce cavitation, the shaft is made long and slender and rotatably attached to the hull.

Of the Invention is based on the object disadvantages of the prior art to overcome.

The Invention solves the problem by a generic Propeller nacelle, in which the direction angle at least in sections changes with a distance from the propeller axis of rotation.

Advantageous At this propeller pod is that she raised an Efficiency has. Due to the height-dependent changing Directional angle is that of the train propeller in the water flow introduced twisting movement particularly low-resistance past the shaft.

by virtue of the high efficiency tends a pod drive with the invention Propeller nacelle also little to cavitation.

It Another advantage is that the benefits presented are constructive relatively simple measures can be achieved.

in the The scope of the present description will be under the hull in particular all those components of the propeller pod understood from the outside are visible and do not rotate during operation.

Under The shaft of the hull is in particular a part of the propeller nacelle understood, with which the propeller pod on a vehicle, in particular a watercraft is attached. In the installed state runs the shaft axis usually at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to a tangential surface of the ship's hull. Most of time the shaft axis runs vertically.

Under the feature that the shaft axis with at least one cross section a tendon, in particular, is understood to be possible is, but not necessary, that all cross sections are similar. So it is possible that the cross sections in the mathematical Senses are similar or even the same. So it is possible that, for example, a cross-sectional area of the shaft changes with the distance from the tractor propeller axis of rotation.

Under the feature that the chord is at a directional angle to the traction propeller axis of rotation of the Propellers runs, is to be understood in particular that this direction angle with respect to a reference surface is determined. This reference surface may be act on a surface that is curved. For example it is the reference surface to a cylinder surface a cylinder whose longitudinal axis with the Zugpropeller axis of rotation coincides.

alternative It is also possible to use the reference plane as a plane to choose that is perpendicular to the shaft axis. The reference surface is always chosen so that the tendon is uniquely determined. The tendon is around the connection between the profile nose and the profile trailing edge of the Section. In this respect, the term profile tendon is common. The profile nose can also be referred to as the approach point, the profile trailing edge as a break point.

Under the feature that the direction angle at least partially changes with the distance from the tractor propeller axis of rotation, is understood in particular that it is possible that the Directional angle in other sections from the distance from the tractor's propeller axis of rotation is independent. In other words, the shaft can sections be formed pyramidal or prismatic.

It is also possible that a longitudinal trunk, which is attached to the shaft and extends along the propeller axis of rotation, in a region which extends in extension of the shaft, a Schränkung. The shaft will usually pass continuously into the longitudinal nacelle. That is, said region has a local longitudinal axis that is less than the direction of the propeller axis. In this area, the direction angle is measured, for example, in a horizontal plane in the installed position. When the directional angle is used in the present description, this is also understood as meaning this angle, which is formed in the said region of the longitudinal nacelle.

Of the Invention is based on the finding that it is advantageous if the shaft and / or at least parts of the longitudinal nacelle have a setting. Unlike wings But this limitation does not serve the purpose of a sudden to prevent complete stall by that the stall initially occurs close to the fuselage. The stem usually has such a shape that in sum by the flow no forces in the transverse direction transferred to the hull. The setting rather serves to reduce resistance.

at the propeller is preferably a draft propeller, which is attached to a Zugpropellerwelle. According to one preferred embodiment has the propeller nacelle a pusher propeller shaft for rotating a pusher propeller, wherein the shaft relative to a longitudinal axis of the fuselage or the propeller axis of rotation between the traction propeller and the thrust propeller is arranged. In other words, the water flows first to the traction propeller, passing it on the shaft on the thrust propeller passes. Traction propellers and thrust propellers are preferably designed that the water flow behind the thrust propeller substantially is twist-free. This can be achieved by using the draft propeller has a larger diameter than the thrust propeller. The thrust propeller shaft and the draft propellers can be used as Partial waves of the propeller shaft are understood, even if they are not are rigidly connected with each other. They usually run coaxial.

Especially preferred is the Zugpropellerwelle for rotating the drafting propeller formed in a tractor propeller direction of rotation, wherein the thrust propeller shaft for turning the pusher propeller in a pusher propeller direction of rotation is formed, which is opposite to the tractor propeller direction of rotation. For this purpose, the propeller nacelle usually comprises a transmission, preferably a bevel gear.

One Pod drive with the propeller nacelle according to the invention is thus a counter-rotating drive. According to the invention therefore also a generic propeller nacelle, when the Zugpropellerwelle and the thrust propeller shaft for turning the respective propeller formed in opposite directions of rotation are, with the shaft between the two propellers is arranged. So far, only pod drives are known in which rotating against each other Propeller arranged on each side of the shaft are. The reason for this is that with previous propeller pods the cavitation due to the unfavorable shaft shape became so great that too much wear occurred. That is through the optimized stem shape largely avoided. The present in the present Description referred to preferred embodiments relate also on this invention.

According to one preferred embodiment, the shaft is designed so that the direction angle depends on the distance from the Zugpropeller-axis of rotation passes through a direction angle maximum. It has been found that the exact course of the directional angle depending on the distance from the power is to be transferred from the pod drive. The progress choosing so that a maximum is traversed has to do with it proved to be particularly advantageous.

Especially Preferably, the corresponding to the direction angle maximum Distance at most 0.6 times a propeller radius. Below the propeller radius will then, if only a propeller is present, whose diameter understood. Are two or more Propeller available, so under the propeller radius in particular the diameter of the vorderst lying in the flow direction Propellers understood.

Cheap is it when the distance that becomes the maximum direction angle at most equal to half the Zugpropeller radius. It has also proved to be advantageous when the maximum angle to the direction associated distance is at least 0.2 times the propeller radius.

According to one preferred embodiment of the Zugpropeller respect a longitudinal plane parallel to the Zugpropeller axis of rotation and preferably runs vertically in the operating position, an outflow angle, under the promoted by the tractor propeller Water flows from the tractor propeller. The shaft is designed that the direction angle is at most 5 degrees from the outflow angle differs. This has the advantage that the effluent from the tractor propeller Water tangentially flows to the shaft to a large extent. This avoids turbulence losses and reduces the tendency to Cavitation.

According to a preferred embodiment, the cross sections of the shaft, in particular with respect to a cross section in a cylindrical coordinate system originating in the traction propeller rotation axis, are at least partially similar in the mathematical sense. In a special case, the Same cross-sections, that is, they are similar and have the same surface area. This makes it possible to achieve a shaft of particularly simple construction, which at the same time generates low transverse forces.

Prefers At least in sections, the cross sections of the shaft are mirror-symmetrical. there the property of mirror symmetry preferably again on the cross section with respect to a cylindrical coordinate system originating in the train propeller axis of rotation.

Prefers have the cross sections of the shaft at least in sections one Thickness reserve of more than 40%, in particular less than 60%. Such cross sections reduce the resistance especially effectively. The thickness backing is related to the propeller axis of rotation from the projection of the leading edge on the propeller axis of rotation measured.

Prefers runs a projection of a leading edge of the Shaft on a transverse plane perpendicular to the traction propeller axis of rotation stands, crooked. In other words, the cross sections twisted relative to their neighbors and possibly also shifted. If the cross sections are only twisted, then there is a point of the cross section, who does not change his position and inside of the cross section is. Under the interior of the cross section becomes understood the region, which is similar to the cross section, has the same geometric center of gravity and a quarter of the surface area of the Has cross section.

Also Preferably, a projection of a trailing edge of the Shaft on a transverse plane perpendicular to the traction propeller axis of rotation stands, crooked.

Thereby, that the projection of the leading edge and / or the tear-off edge is curved, divides from the tractor propeller upcoming water flow depending on the distance of the considered position from the tractor propeller axis of rotation different in flows which flow either past the left or right of the shaft. This minimizes flow resistance and increases efficiency.

Prefers each cross-section has two extreme points of maximum Deviation from the chord and a thickness reserve point, in which the tendon of a connecting line through the outermost points is cut, the thickness reserve points on a at least partially curved curve lie. These Straight runs preferably through the interior of the cross section.

Preferably a drive shaft extends at least in sections an interior of the cross-section, the interior being an imaginary surface which is a quarter of the area of the cross section and has the same focus.

Cheap it is when the direction angle is adjacent to the hull Minimum. Thus, the shaft preferably opens with a directional angle of substantially 0 °, ie in particular less than 5 °, into the hull. Usually located the area of the shaft with the minimum direction angle at the transition of shaft and hull.

Preferably a projection of the shaft extends to the transverse plane at least in sections concave or biconcave. This means in other words, that the cross-section of the shaft increases with increasing Distance from the Zugpropeller rotation axis initially reduced and then enlarged again. The minimizes the resistance that the propeller nacelle to the surrounding Fluid, for example, the water opposes. Cheap it is when the point of minimum cross-section is a distance of The tractor propeller has rotary axis which is larger as the rotor diameter.

in the Below, the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings explained in more detail. It shows

1 a ship according to the invention with a pod drive according to the invention, which in turn has a propeller nacelle according to the invention,

2 a view in the direction A on the pod drive according to 1 .

3 with the subfigures 3a . 3b . 3c and 3d a series of cross-sections according to multiple directional angle measuring surfaces,

4 a curve indicating the direction angle as a function of the distance from the tractor propeller axis of rotation,

5 a curve showing a thickness of the cross section as a function of the distance from the Zugpropeller axis of rotation and

6 a view from above.

1 shows a ship 10 with a ship's hull 12 on which a propeller pod 14 , For example, rigid, is attached. The propeller pod 14 includes a hull 16 , which in turn has a shaft 18 has. The shaft 18 extends along a shaft axis A _S , which in the installed position, that is, when the ship 10 not moving, usually runs vertically.

The propeller gondola 14 also includes a tractor propeller shaft 20 , at the a Zugpropeller 22 is attached. On a push propeller shaft 24 the propeller pod 14 is a pusher propeller 26 appropriate. The tractor propeller 22 and the thrust propeller 26 rotate about a propeller axis of rotation A _P , from which a radial distance r is measured.

2 shows a view according to the arrows A in 1 on the train propeller 22 , There are direction _angle measuring surfaces F in the form of the directional _angle measuring surfaces F _H1 , F _{H2 located} , which are each cylinder _jacket surfaces with respect to a cylinder whose longitudinal axis coincides with the propeller axis of rotation A _P. Unless otherwise stated, the information given below always refers to the cylindrical coordinate system whose origin is the propeller axis of rotation A _P.

2a shows a view in direction A (see. 1 ). It is a leading edge 28 of the shaft 18 can be seen, which is curved with respect to a transverse plane E _Q. The transverse plane E _Q is that plane which is perpendicular to the propeller rotation axis A _P and perpendicular to all directional angle measurement surfaces F _H.

2 B shows a view in direction B (see. 1 ), in which a tear-off edge 29 can be seen, which is also curved and with increasing distance from the hull of a horizontal H away until a non-marked maximum is traversed.

3 shows cross sections Q1, Q2 through the shaft 18 with respect to two radial distances r. 3b shows the case r = R, which corresponds to the direction angle _{measuring surface} F _H1 (see FIG. 2 ). 3a For example, it corresponds to the case r = 0.5 R. It can be seen that a direction angle α exists between a chord S and the propeller rotation axis A _P. The direction angle α is, as in the 3 shown measured in the direction _angle measuring surface F _H. The chord S extends from an approach point 30 at which the inflowing fluid separates, and a break-off point 32 , The amount of all break points forms the trailing edge 29 of the shaft 18 , the approach points 30 form the leading edge 28 ( 1 ).

The in the 3a and 3b Profiles Q shown each have a thickness reserve D, which is indicated in fractions of a chord length L. The thickness reserve D in the present case is about 60% and is measured from the leading edge. The data refer to a projection on the propeller axis of rotation A _P , as in 3 is shown.

3b also shows a drive axle 34 by one in 1 schematically drawn gear goes off and a drive torque for the two propellers 22 . 28 provides. The drive axle 34 runs through an interior 40 of the shaft 18 , The inner 40 is the imaginary area that has the same center of gravity as the cross-section Q, is similar to the cross-section Q and has a quarter of its area.

The drive axle 34 ( 1 ) is like that with the propellers 22 . 26 connected, that a thrust propeller rotation direction ω _{26 of} the thrust propeller 26 a tractor propeller direction of rotation ω _{22 of} the drafting propeller 22 is opposite.

3b also shows that the cross-section Q has two extreme points P1, P2 of maximum deviation from the chord S and a thickness-return point P _D , in which the chord S is cut from a connecting line through the outermost points P1, P2. The thickness reserve points P _D are at least in sections with respect to a longitudinal extension of the shaft 18 on a curve passing through the interior 40 runs. As a rule, the curve is a straight line.

4 shows the dependence of the direction angle α of the radial distance r, which is normalized to the propeller diameter R. It can be seen that as the distance r from the propeller axis of rotation A _{P increases,} the directional angle α initially increases in a strictly monotonic manner from α = 0.15 R until it passes through a maximum direction angle angle α _max . It is favorable if α _max > 0.2 R, in particular α _max > 0.25 R, applies. In the present case, the maximum direction angle α _max = 9.3 degrees and is achieved at r = 0.3 R.

As 1 shows, a nose hub has a hub radius R ₂₀ , for this in the present case R ₂₀ = 0.4 R applies.

5 indicates the thickness distribution. The thickness t is measured perpendicular to the chord S ( 3b ).

6 shows a view from above on the propeller nacelle 14 , It can be seen that the train propeller 22 in a longitudinal plane E _L , which is parallel through the traction propeller axis of rotation A _P and through the shaft 18 , vertical in the present case, has an outflow angle δ, below that of the traction propeller 22 pumped water 36 from the tractor propeller 22 flows. The directional angle α is chosen such that it deviates by at most 5 ° from the outflow angle δ.

The outflow angle δ changes with the distance r. For this reason, the results in 4 shown dependence of the direction angle α from the distance r.

In the 6 shown outer contour of the Pro pellergondel 14 is the contour for r = 0 in a horizontal plane which is perpendicular to the transverse plane E _Q and the longitudinal plane E _L and in the installation position of the propeller nacelle usually runs horizontally. In the 4 given direction angle α but are preferably determined with respect to the directional angle measuring surfaces F _H (see. 2 ).

It is also possible that a longitudinal gondola 38 on the shaft 18 is attached, extends substantially horizontally and part of the fuselage 16 is, also at a direction angle α relative to the propeller axis of rotation A _{P is} arranged. The direction angle will then be in one range 42 determined, extending in extension of the shaft 18 extends and in 1 is delimited with a semicolon point line. In the area 42 the direction angle is measured in a horizontal plane in the installed position by the propeller axis A _P.

The shown propeller pods or pod drives are particularly suitable for power ranges between 700 kW and 3000 kW. she are also suitable for speeds of over 40 knots. Due to the changing direction angle can improve efficiency over conventional ones Propeller pods of at least 10% can be achieved.

Suitable propeller diameters are between R = 500 mm and R = 1500 mm. The maximum direction angle α _max is preferably at most 15 °. Relative to the cylindrical surfaces shown in the figures symmetrical profiles are used in the present case.

The featured system can be used as pod drive with counter-rotating propellers, that means in the factory counter-rotating Be equipped with propellers.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

ship

12

hull

14

Azipod

16

hull

18

shaft

20

Zugpropellerwelle

22

tractor propeller

24

Thrust propeller shaft

26

thrust propeller

28

leading edge

29

tear-off edge

30

Anströmpunkt

32

demolition point

34

drive shaft

36

water

38

along gondola

40

Interior

42

Area

α

directional angle

δ

outflow

AS

shaft axis

AP

Propeller axis of rotation (Tractor propeller axis of rotation)

EQ

transverse plane

EL

longitudinal plane

FH

Direction angle measurement surface

r

distance

R

Tractor propeller diameter

R20

hub radius

 S

tendon

D

Dick reserve

L

chord length

Q

cross sections

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - EP 1336561 B1 [0003]
• - DE 3519103 [0004]

Claims (15)

Propeller nacelle ( 14 ) with (a) a hull ( 16 ), (i) a shaft ( 18 ) for fastening to a vehicle ( 10 ), in particular a watercraft, (ii) the shaft ( 18 ) extends along a shaft axis (A _S ) and has at least one cross-section (Q) with a chord (S), and (b) at least one propeller shaft (A) 20 . 24 ) for attaching a propeller ( 22 ), (c) wherein the chord (S) at a direction angle (α) to a propeller rotation axis (A _P ) of the propeller shaft ( 20 . 24 ), characterized in that (d) changes the direction angle (α) at least in sections with a distance (r) from the propeller axis of rotation (A _P ). Propeller nacelle according to claim 1, characterized by - a Zugpropellerwelle ( 20 ) for turning a draft propeller ( 22 ) and - a thrust propeller shaft ( 24 ) for turning a pusher propeller ( 26 ), - the shaft ( 18 ) with respect to a longitudinal axis of the fuselage ( 16 ) between the tractor propeller ( 22 ) and the thrust propeller ( 26 ) is arranged. Propeller nacelle according to claim 2, characterized in that - the Zugpropellerwelle ( 20 ) for turning the drafting propeller ( 22 ) is designed in a pulling-propeller direction of rotation (ω ₂₂ ) and - the thrust propeller shaft ( 24 ) for turning the thrust propeller ( 26 ) is formed in a pusher propeller rotation direction (ω ₂₆ ) opposite to the pusher propeller rotation direction (ω ₂₂ ). Propeller nacelle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the direction angle (α) as a function of a distance (r) from the Zugpropeller-axis of rotation (A _P ) passes through a maximum direction angle. Propeller nacelle according to claim 4, characterized in that that the distance (r) belonging to the maximum of the direction angle at most 0.6 times a propeller radius (R). Propeller nacelle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the traction propeller ( 22 ) in a longitudinal plane (E _L ) parallel through the traction propeller axis of rotation (A _P ) and through the shaft ( 18 ), has an outlet angle (δ) below that of the traction propeller ( 22 ) conveyed water from the tractor propeller ( 22 ) and - the directional angle (α) deviates by at most 10 °, in particular by at most 5 °, from the outflow angle (δ). Propeller nacelle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least in sections, the cross-sections (Q) of the shaft ( 18 ) with respect to a cylinder coordinate system originating in the traction propeller axis of rotation (A _P ) in the geometric sense are similar. Propeller nacelle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least in sections, the cross-sections (Q) of the shaft ( 18 ) with respect to the cylindrical coordinate system originating in the traction propeller axis of rotation (A _P ) are substantially mirror symmetric with respect to a mirror plane in which the chord extends. Propeller nacelle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross-sections (Q) of the shaft ( 18 ) at least in sections have a thickness reserve (D) of more than 40% and in particular less than 60%. Propeller nacelle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a projection of a leading edge ( 28 ) of the shaft ( 18 ) to a transverse plane (E _Q ), which is perpendicular to the Zugpropeller axis of rotation (A _P ), at least partially curved. Propeller nacelle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least in sections - each cross section (Q) has two outermost points (P1, P2) of maximum deviation from the chord (S) and a thickness reserve point (P _D ), in which the chord ( S) is cut by a connecting line through the outermost points (P1, P2), wherein the thickness-return points (P _D ) lie on an at least partially curved curve. Propeller nacelle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by - a drive shaft ( 34 ) for driving the Zugpropellers ( 22 ) and / or the thrust propeller ( 26 ), - whereby the drive shaft ( 34 ) at least in sections by an interior ( 40 ) of the cross-section (Q), wherein the interior ( 40 ) has one quarter of the area of the cross section (Q) and the same center of gravity. Propeller nacelle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a projection of the shaft ( 18 ) is concave or biconcave on the transverse plane (E _Q ). Propeller nacelle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the directional angle (α) adjacent to the hull ( 12 ) has a minimum. Ship ( 10 ), in particular yacht, with at least one propeller pod ( 14 ), in particular exactly two propeller pods ( 14 ), according to any one of the preceding claims.

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