DE102008028891A1 - Balancing device, balancing system and balancing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a balancing device, in particular balancing head or balancing ring, for rotating units, in particular for spindles of machine tools, with a process device integrated in the balancing device, which is designed to carry out at least part of a balancing process involving the balancing device, wherein the process device additionally is designed to capture, process and / or store data and / or signals and / or execute processes that do not affect the balancing process.

Description

The The present invention relates to a balancing device, in particular a balancing head or a balancing ring, for rotating units, in particular for spindles of machine tools.

such Balancing devices are for example in the form of electromechanical Balancing known, which are characterized in that a or more adjustable, also known as balancing weights weights are present, with which to compensate for an existing imbalance set a balance vector of the respective rotating overall system can be. Furthermore, so-called hydro-balancing systems are known in which a Liquid, especially cooling liquid, targeted in a plurality of different ones, along with the rotating one Unit rotating chambers is injected.

The known balancing devices is common that they are too little more are able to execute as externally generated commands. Well-known electromechanical Balancing devices with adjustable weights, for example, are adapted to a small number of different command signals due to which certain predetermined adjustment movements the weights performed be, with the adjusting movement continues, as long as the corresponding Control signal is active.

task The invention is a balancing device with improved applications to accomplish.

The solution This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and in particular in that a process device is integrated in the balancing device is, which is adapted to at least a part of a balancing device with the incorporation of the balancing process, wherein the process device additionally designed to capture and process data and / or signals and / or store and / or execute processes that are not the balancing process affect.

By doing in this way, the balancing device according to the invention for execution Auswuchtprozessfremder Tasks is formed and thus effectively represents an "intelligent" balancing device, will be an advantage anyway for carrying at least part of the balancing process used, additional To fulfill tasks.

To This purpose can be provided that the process device to a bidirectional communication with at least one external Control device of the balancing system and / or with a parent Machine control is formed.

A Such bidirectional communication allows the exchange of basically any Data, commands, control signals and the like in both directions.

According to one other possible embodiment According to the invention, the process device has a detection and Processing device for Signals and / or data on.

hereby is the process device according to the invention and thus the balancing device itself more than a mere command receiver. Much more is the balancing device due to the integrated process device even capable of doing so, based on the signals supplied or data to perform certain calculations and based thereon Generate control signals or commands.

These Processes can refer to the actual balancing process. For example, can the data is data for determining the imbalance of the data rotating unit provided measuring device act. A reference this can be detected and processed by the process device However, signals or data for the balancing process are not according to the invention mandatory. It can be basically act for any purpose serving data or signals.

Of Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the process device a memory device for Includes data. This data can refer to the respective rotating unit to be balanced, for example, on the spindle of a machine tool. alternative or additionally it can also be other data, for example specific ones Characteristics of a tool attached to the spindle that is not or only marginally for the actual balancing process needed be, but for the operation of the spindle with the relevant tool of importance are.

Especially can be integrated into the balancing process device serve as a "tachograph" or "datalogger" due to the integrated memory device, with which, for example, certain parameters are recorded can they the operation and / or the state of the balancing device itself, the each to be balanced rotating unit (for example, a Spindle) or a parent Means (for example, a spindle-containing machine tool) relate.

Further will according to one embodiment the invention proposes that the process device for detecting, Processing and / or saving of the operation and / or condition the unit related signals and / or data is formed.

As already mentioned at the beginning, it may be in the balancing device to an electromechanical Balancing act, the at least one balancing mass, which adjustable to compensate for an imbalance of the rotating unit is, and a drive unit, in particular an electric motor, for Adjusting the balance mass includes. Here, the balancing device a positioning device by which a plurality of Positions is given, in which the balancing mass adjustable is. Such a positioning device allows in particular a targeted automatic balancing. This aspect is the subject of another Patent application of the Applicant, so that not discussed further becomes.

in the If an electro-mechanical balancing device, the process device be designed to, in particular automatically, from a measured Imbalance of the rotating unit a target position for the balance mass to calculate in which the balancing mass compensates the imbalance, and to adjust the balancing mass to the nominal position. This is a very essential part of the balancing process of the in the balancing device integrated process device and thus taken over by the balancing device itself.

The solution The task is also done by a balancing system for rotating units, in particular for spindles of machine tools, with at least one integrated into a rotating unit, to a rotating unit attached and / or to a rotating unit mounted around balancing device of the type specified here and with a measuring device for determining an imbalance of the rotating Unit.

to Power supply of the balancing device and / or for communication between an external control device and in the balancing device Integrated process device can be a non-contact transmission device be provided.

Around A multi-level balancing can be performed according to a another embodiment of the Balancing system include a plurality of balancing devices, the are designed to be longitudinal the axis of rotation of the rotating unit spaced apart Bodies to be arranged. Some or all of the balancing process self-relevant tasks thereby one of the integrated in the balancing devices processing facilities be perceived. Alternatively, it is also possible that, in particular according to a given scheme, the individual tasks on the two process devices be distributed.

In addition, will the object of the invention solved by a method for, in particular automatic, balancing of rotating units, in particular spindles of machine tools, with at least one balancing device of the type specified here, wherein in which method an imbalance of the unit is measured and by means of the process device integrated in the balancing device at least a part of a balancing process involving the balancing device carried out becomes.

Preferably is the method at, in particular at operating or rated speed, rotating unit performed.

to execution of multi-level balancing, the method may be performed by at least two along the axis of rotation of the rotating unit spaced apart Positions arranged balancing devices are performed.

The Invention also relates one during the rotating unit of operation, in particular a spindle of a Machine tool, with at least one balancing device here specified type or with a balancing system specified here Art.

Of Furthermore, the invention relates to a machine tool with at least a balancing device of the type specified here or with a balancing system of the type indicated here.

The The invention will be described below by way of example with reference to FIGS Drawing described. Show it:

1 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a balancing system according to the invention on a unit rotating during operation,

2 schematically an embodiment of a part of a positioning device according to the invention, and

3a and 3b schematically two ways to perform a multi-level balancing.

1 shows schematically in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 45 a spindle 11 a machine tool. The balancing system according to the invention, which will be discussed in more detail below, is in principle in connection with beliebi applicable to rotating units that need to be balanced. Although below from the spindle 11 as a unit to be balanced, in practice the entire system is usually relevant, which in addition to the spindle comprises the tool fastened to the spindle, for example a grinding wheel, the spindle bearing and one or more receiving flanges. So if below from the spindle 11 as a unit to be balanced is mentioned, then it is to be understood in each case relevant in practice, to be balanced overall arrangement.

In practice, the spindle 11 Part of a machine tool, which is a higher-level machine control 29 assigned. The machine control 29 communicates in the illustrated embodiment with an external control device 25 which is part of a balancing system according to the invention. The scope of tasks performed by the external control device 25 can be varied within the scope of the invention. For example, it may be provided that for the positioning of the balancing masses, as will be discussed in more detail below, required calculations are made by the external control device 25 be made. However, it is possible that such calculations and other tasks of an integrated in the balancing device, rotating during operation process device 21 be performed.

At the control device 25 it is an "external" component insofar as the controller 25 is not part of the rotating system, but is assigned to the stationary side.

The Balancing system according to the invention comprises Furthermore, a balancing device, which in the illustrated here embodiment is integrated in the spindle and in the following also as a balancing head referred to as. As already mentioned, such a configuration the balancing device is not mandatory, but includes the invention also in other ways with the respective rotating unit cooperating balancing devices, such as attachable balancing devices or balancing rings, the respective rotating unit or a Include part of it mid-free. Such balancing rings do not have to in the form of a closed ring. Basically it is possible Such balancing devices in the form of ring segments, for example an approximately C-shaped Have structure to provide.

The power supply of the here in the spindle 11 integrated balancing device and the communication between the external control device 25 and the balancing device, in particular the process device integrated in the balancing device 21 , is performed by a non-contact transmission device 27 , As indicated by the two lines provided with oppositely directed arrow symbols, by means of the transmission means 27 a bidirectional communication with the in the spindle 11 integrated balancing device possible. This opens up a variety of applications that have not yet been realized in connection with balancing devices.

The here in the spindle 11 integrated balancing device comprises the already mentioned integrated process device 21 and two each on a circular path around the axis of rotation 45 movable balancing masses 13 which each have an electric motor 15 as a drive unit with a corresponding gear 47 assigned. The representation of the arrangement of these components in 1 is to be understood purely schematically. For example, at the beginning in connection with the balancing masses 13 already mentioned, the balancing masses 13 be spaced in the axial direction or have the same axial position at different radial positions.

Of the completeness it should be mentioned, that in principle only a single adjustable balancing mass may be provided, in particular not only in the circumferential direction, but also in the radial direction is adjustable to each required Adjust the balance vector both in terms of direction and amount to be able to.

Furthermore, the balancing device comprises a positioning device 17 , from here a code carrier designed as a closed ring strip 19 is shown. On the positioning device 17 will be described below in connection with 2 discussed in more detail.

The code ring shown here 19 is one of the balancing masses 13 assigned and together with this balancing mass 13 around the axis of rotation 45 rotatable. An adjustment movement of the balancing mass 13 by means of the associated electric motor 15 thus has a movement of coding 19 result, and relative to a code reader 37 (see. 2 ), resulting in a change of the readable position code.

The other balancing mass 13 is also associated with a corresponding, not shown Codering, which together with this balancing mass 13 is movable. The two balancing masses 13 and thus the two code rings 19 are independently movable, ie the electric motors 15 are independently controllable, so that the two balancing masses 13 can be adjusted independently of each other in a respective predetermined position.

The balancing system according to the invention further comprises a measuring device 23 , For example, a vibration sensor, which serves to determine an existing imbalance U. The manner of the design of the measuring device 23 is basically arbitrary.

Of Furthermore, the balancing system comprises a rotary signal transmitter having a provides the rotational speed of the rotating spindle representing value.

1 also shows a measuring device 35 , For example, a temperature sensor, which is not a mandatory part of the balancing system according to the invention. This sensor 35 illustrates a particularity of the balancing device according to the invention, which consists in that the integrated process device 21 not only does the balancing process, but is also capable of performing non-balancing functions. This will be discussed in more detail below.

The vibration sensor 23 , the rotary signal generator 49 and the sensor 35 can, as indicated by dashed lines, with the external control device 25 communicate, which provides the necessary data acquisition, signal conditioning and signal processing to control at least the substantial part of the balancing process on the basis of this information. Alternatively, it can be provided that the mentioned components are directly connected to the processing device integrated in the balancing device 21 are connected, so that a transfer of information to the external control device 25 is not required. Especially for this case, the integrated process device 21 provided with a detection and processing device, with which the incoming signals and / or data can be detected and processed. In this way, the here in the spindle 11 integrated balancing device due to its integrated process device 21 even able to procure or generate the information needed as a basis for controlling the balancing process. In this respect, the balancing device is an "intelligent" balancing device, which is not just externally generated control signals for the electric motors 15 the balancing masses 13 receives.

Furthermore, the process device integrated in the balancing device 21 in this embodiment with a memory device 33 Mistake. This allows the process device 21 basically store any data, which data may affect the balancing process, but this is not mandatory. The data to be stored can, for example, the operation and / or the state of the spindle 11 or with the spindle 11 related tools also with regard to Auswucht-external aspects. The process device 21 and thus the here in the spindle 11 integrated balancing device serve as "tachograph" or "data logger" for basically any information.

It is also possible in the data store 33 For example, store the data relating to the reliability or intended use of the respective tool. For example, grinding wheels have an allowable maximum speed approaching the grinding wheel due to their operational wear during operation, as the effective peripheral speed of the grinding wheel on the workpiece should remain as constant as possible. By providing the entire system such security or operational data by means of the memory device 33 the process facility 21 This information can be automatically taken into account during operation. This monitoring can then, as soon as the condition in question is fulfilled trigger a predetermined response, for example, generate a warning signal.

To carry out the balancing process, in the exemplary embodiment described here, first of all, the existing imbalance U of the spindle 11 or of the spindle 11 and in particular determines the respective tool comprehensive rotating system. Either by means of the external control device 25 or the process device integrated in the balancing device 21 become from the measured imbalance U setpoint signals for the two balancing masses 13 calculated. For each position of the balancing device according to the invention, the balancing effect W is the balancing mass located at this position 13 known. For every positioning of the two balancing masses 13 Therefore, it is known how the two partial-balance vectors W add up to a resulting balance vector B, so that starting from the imbalance U known by the measurement in terms of direction and magnitude, those setpoint positions for the two masses can be calculated that the desired, the imbalance U compensating resulting balance vector W result.

The positions at which the balancing masses 13 Both are at a power on the system as well as during the adjustment process, are due to the positioning 17 clearly identifiable. From these clearly identifiable actual positions of the balancing masses 13 and the previously calculated target positions, the required adjustment for the balancing masses 13 be calculated.

2 shows an annular code carrier 19 , the circumferentially magnetized segments having. The binary code realized thereby can be read by means of a code reader 37 to be read, according to the code carrier 19 is annular and has a plurality of circumferentially distributed Hall probes 51 includes.

At an adjustment of the respective balancing mass 13 (see. 1 ) becomes the code carrier 19 relative to the code reader 37 twisted, which are arranged in the assembled state coaxially with each other and with a small axial distance from each other. The essential feature of this positioning device is that due to the use of this single-track Graycode principle adjacent, ie upon rotation of the code reader 19 relative to the code reader 37 successive, codes differ only by one bit from each other. The spatial resolution of the positioning device is determined by the number of magnetization regions of the code carrier 19 as well as the sensors 51 of the code reader 37 ,

In the practice can easy spatial resolution achieved with several thousand rotational positions over an angle of 360 ° become.

It be mentioned at this point, that the interaction of magnetized segments of a circular ring with an appropriate array of Hall probes just one example for the Use of the Graycode principle represents. There are basically any Embodiments of the positioning possible. Also the use of the Gray code principle itself is not mandatory.

The 3a and 3b show two possible variants for performing a multi-level balancing a rotating unit 11 , For example, a relatively wide grinding wheel.

At at axially spaced levels of compensation 43 can balance according to 3a two separate balancing devices 39 are used, which are spaced apart in the axial direction and, for example, in each case to the rotating unit 11 are grown.

Alternatively, according to 3b a single balancing device 39 be provided, the two axially spaced balancing areas 41 having, wherein at each balancing area 41 at least one balance mass is arranged. Also in this way can with a single balancing device 39 at two axially spaced levels of equalization 43 be balanced.

The choice between these two variants according to 3a and 3b takes place in particular depending on the axial dimensions of the balancing rotating unit 11 ,

11

rotating unit

13

balancing mass

15

Drive unit, electric motor

17

positioning

19

code carrier

21

process means

23

Measuring device, Vibration Sensors

25

external control device

27

transmission equipment

29

machine control

31

acquisition and processing equipment

33

memory device

35

Measuring device, sensor

37

code reader

39

balancer

41

impact area

43

balancing plane

45

reference axis

47

transmission

49

Rotation signal generator

51

Hall probes / sensors

U

unbalance

W

balancing effect

B

resulting force vector

Claims (17)

Balancing device, in particular balancing head or balancing ring, for rotating units ( 11 ), in particular for spindles of machine tools, with a processing device integrated into the balancing device ( 21 ), which is designed to perform at least a part of a balancing process involving the balancing device, wherein the process device ( 21 ) is additionally designed to capture, process and / or store data and / or signals and / or execute processes that do not relate to the balancing process. Balancing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the process device ( 21 ) to a bidirectional communication with at least one external control device ( 25 ) of the balancing system and / or a machine control ( 29 ) is trained. Balancing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the process device ( 21 ) a detection and processing device ( 31 ) for signals and / or data, in particular for data for determining the imbalance (U) of the unit ( 11 ) ( 23 ). Balancing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the process device ( 21 ) a memory device ( 33 ) for data. Balancing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the process device ( 21 ) for detecting, processing and / or storing the operation and / or the state of the unit ( 11 ) is formed relevant signals and / or data. Balancing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the balancing device has at least one balancing mass ( 13 ) used to compensate for an imbalance (U) of the unit ( 11 ) is adjustable, and a drive unit ( 15 ), in particular an electric motor, for adjusting the balancing mass ( 13 ). Balancing device according to claim 6, characterized in that the balancing device has a positioning device ( 17 ), by which a plurality of positions is predetermined, in which the balancing mass ( 13 ) is adjustable. Balancing device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the process device ( 21 ) is designed, in particular automatically, from a measured imbalance (U) of the unit ( 11 ) a desired position for the balancing mass ( 13 ) in which the balancing mass ( 13 ) compensates the imbalance (U), and the balancing mass ( 13 ) to the set position. Balancing device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that for carrying out a multi-level balancing the balancing device arranged at least two arranged along one axis of the balancing device spaced locations arrangements of at least one balancing mass ( 13 ). Balancing system for rotating units ( 11 ), in particular for spindles of machine tools, with at least one unit ( 11 ) integratable to a unit ( 11 ) and / or one unit ( 11 ) mounted around balancing device according to one of the preceding claims, and a measuring device ( 23 ) for determining an imbalance (U) of the unit ( 11 ). Balancing system according to claim 10, characterized in that for supplying energy to the balancing device and / or for communication between an external control device ( 25 ) and the process device integrated in the balancing device ( 21 ) a non-contact transmission device ( 27 ) is provided. A balancing system according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that for performing a multi-level balancing a plurality of balancing means is provided, which are adapted to be arranged along the axis of rotation of the unit ( 11 ) are arranged at spaced locations. During operation rotating unit ( 11 ), in particular spindle of a machine tool, with at least one balancing device according to one of claims 1 to 9 or with a balancing system according to one of claims 10 to 12. Machine tool with at least one balancing device according to one of the claims 1 to 9 or with a balancing system according to one of claims 10 to 12th Method for, in particular automatic, balancing of rotating units ( 11 ), in particular spindles of machine tools, by means of at least one in the unit ( 11 ), to the unit ( 11 ) and / or around the unit ( 11 ) mounted around one of claims 1 to 9, in which an imbalance (U) of the unit ( 11 ) is measured, and by means of the process device integrated in the balancing device ( 21 ) at least a part of a balancing process involving the balancing process is performed. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that the method at, in particular at operating speed, rotating unit ( 11 ) is carried out. A method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that for carrying out a multi-level balancing the method by means of at least two along along the axis of rotation of the unit ( 11 ) spaced apart locations arranged balancing devices is performed.