DE102008028855B4 - Arrangement and method for storing thermal energy - Google Patents

Abstract

Arrangement for storing thermal energy in a liquid with high heat storage capacity (101) and in filled or grown loose rock (132, 133) with specifically changeable thermal conductivity or specifically changeable thermal power during the transport of thermal energy through components of the arrangement with specifically changeable duration and temperature thermal energy, consisting of - a hollow body (100) filled with a liquid of high heat storage capacity (101), which is surrounded by a covering layer (130), in particular made of fleece, foam or plastic, the covering layer absorbing, releasing or conducting water and in turn is surrounded on the outside by grown or filled loose rock (132, 133), - a device (135) attached above the hollow body (100) and its covering layer (130) for the targeted moistening of the covering layer (130) and the loose rock (132, 133), - one below the hollow body (10 0) attached device (136) made of a film or a channel that collects water and directs it away from the hollow body (100) - one above the ...

Description

The colloquial terms 'cold' and 'heat' are summarized in this application by the term 'thermal energy', the terms 'thermal output' and 'cooling capacity' under the term 'thermal performance'.

The invention relates to an arrangement and a method for storing thermal energy.

According to the state of the art, geothermal storages in one embodiment are known as EWTS (= geothermal exchange probes) as spirally wound plastic pipes, which are introduced into large boreholes in loose rock and are filled with loose rock after introduction. The plastic pipes are traversed by a heat transfer, the thermal energy in the surrounding soil loose or absorbs from the surrounding soil. Forward and return have a certain distance and affect only insignificantly due to their different lengths. However, since these are small diameter pipes with low thermal conductivity, it is not possible to exchange short-term thermal peak performance with the surrounding loose rock with this type of storage. To achieve uniform thermal performance, large surfaces are required in steady state. This means that EWTS should only be used as long-term storage or seasonal storage.

Geothermal probes are similar in function, but they differ from the EWTS in their design. For the construction of geothermal probes small diameter holes are required in larger depths, in the plastic pipes are usually introduced. Flow and return are right next to each other, the lines usually touch each other. The thermal coupling of flow and return is significant. The thermodynamic behavior is similar to the EWTS. Geothermal probes can only be used as long-term storage or seasonal storage.

While for EWTS and geothermal probes essentially transmission is responsible for the heat conduction within the storage medium, the memory according to DE 20 2007 013 089 U1 additionally condensation and evaporation processes with coupled water vapor diffusion. According to DE 20 2007 013 089 U1 Pipe coils made of preferably plastic are placed horizontally in two layers one above the other in the soil. DE 20 2007 013 089 U1 has a storage vessel in which the heat transfer medium is cached with heat absorbed from the coils. The storage vessel may be located within the soil, above the soil or in a building. The storage vessel does not have the function of heat input or heat extraction in or out of the soil. This type of storage is capable of delivering higher specific power and peak power through diffusion and condensation superimposing heat conduction through transmission.

In DD 264976 A1 is a completed system of a well in the growing soil described. The tub is waterproof sealed against the surrounding soil. This tub is filled up with soil. Heat is introduced into the tub by introducing warm water through perforated tubes. The heat is then removed again by sucking the standing in the tub warm water by means of perforated pipes.

From the prior art are known as short-term memory two types. Buffer memory or temporary storage are elaborately insulated, water-filled tanks and store thermal energy. These stores are usually expensive, the volumes and thus the thermal energy low. Instead of water, storage tanks with PCM (Phase Change Materials) or latent storage materials use the enthalpy, which is liquid-solid or solid liquid or gaseous, liquid or liquid-gaseous during the phase change, as a source / sink for thermal services.

Other versions of this memory use the absorption or absorption or adsorption of a generally gaseous working fluid such. As water on a solid or liquid substance released condensation or evaporation enthalpy. These memories are very expensive, but can be used as short-term storage and long-term storage or seasonal storage depending on user behavior. Large thermal energies can not be economically viable with these types of storage for long periods of time.

• 1. Erzeugung von Brauchwasser:
• 2. Wärmebereitstellung zur Beheizung von Gebäuden
• 3. Kühlung von Gebäuden:

Thermische Energie und thermische Leistung fallen zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten an. Die Dauer nicht unterbrochener erforderlicher Bereitstellung thermischer Energie kann sehr stark schwanken, von Minuten bis Tagen, die Anzahl der Intervalle, in denen thermische Energie vom Verbraucher angefordert wird, schwanken in der Anzahl und Dauer ebenfalls erheblich.In today's buildings and in process engineering applications and in agriculture, the demand for thermal energy varies greatly over time. In the heat balance of a building, three types of thermal energy usage can be classified, which differ according to the application and direction of the heat flow:

• 1. Generation of service water:
• 2. Heat supply for heating buildings
• 3. Cooling of buildings:

Thermal energy and thermal power accumulate at different times. The duration of uninterrupted required provision of thermal energy can vary greatly, from Minutes to days, the number of intervals in which thermal energy is requested by the consumer, also vary considerably in number and duration.

• 1. Bereitstellung durch einen solarthermischen Kollektor oder Absorber, wobei die Wärme über verschiedene Wärmeträger abgeführt werden kann. Es ist sinnvoll, die durch die Absorption solarer Strahlung anfallende Wärme bis zur Nutzung durch einen Verbraucher oder in einem technischen Prozess zu speichern, insbesondere da zwischen dem solaren Angebot an Energie tagsüber und dem Bedarf eine gewisse Zeitspanne liegen kann, auch dürfte die angebotene solare thermische Leistung in der Regel von der aktuell durch einen Verbraucher nachgefragten Leistung verschieden sein, so dass in diesen Fällen eine Pufferung erforderlich sein wird.
• 2. Bereitstellung durch eine Wärmepumpe oder andere thermodynamische Arbeitsmaschine; wobei zur Bereitstellung der Heizleistung oder Kühlleistung der Wärmepumpe oder anderen thermodynamischen Arbeitsmaschine Umweltenergie auf der Primärseite erforderlich ist
• 3. Bereitstellung auf Grund eines Oxidationsprozesses organischer Substanz direkt zum Verbraucher oder durch Zwischenschaltung einer der vorgenannten Wärmeträger. Dieser Oxidationsprozess kann z. B. Verbrennung von Gas, Öl, Kohle oder Holz oder ein chemoelektrischer Prozess wie z. B. die Verwendung von Methanol oder durch Reformation erzeugten Wasserstoffs in einer Brennstoffzelle sein.

The provision of the above-mentioned required thermal powers and the thermal energies demanded by a consumer can be achieved by means of various heat sources which are intended to feed the storage according to the invention:

• 1. Provision by a solar thermal collector or absorber, wherein the heat can be dissipated via various heat transfer. It makes sense to store the heat generated by the absorption of solar radiation until it is used by a consumer or in a technical process, especially since there may be a certain amount of time between the solar supply of energy during the day and the demand, and the offered solar thermal Performance will generally be different from the current demanded by a consumer, so buffering will be required in these cases.
• 2. provision by a heat pump or other thermodynamic work machine; wherein environmental energy on the primary side is required to provide the heating power or cooling capacity of the heat pump or other thermodynamic work machine
• 3. Provision due to an oxidation process of organic substance directly to the consumer or by interposing one of the aforementioned heat transfer medium. This oxidation process can, for. As combustion of gas, oil, coal or wood or a chemoelectric process such. Example, the use of methanol or hydrogen produced by reformation in a fuel cell.

Processes of providing thermal energy can be coupled with each other.

The prior art shows that in order to achieve a desired desired state of the temperature in a room, or of service water or other heat carrier or refrigerant temporally fluctuating heat or cooling services are to be provided. Also, the required thermal energies are widely fluctuating over a given period of time.

• • Wenn der zeitliche Abstand zwischen Laden und Entladen lediglich einige Minuten, Stunden oder Tage beträgt, so handelt es sich um eine Kurzzeitspeicherung.
• • Wenn über einen langen Zeitraum von Wochen oder Monaten im Mittel der Speicher von der Senke zur Quelle bzw. von der Quelle zur Senke wird, spricht man von einem saisonalen Speicher oder Langzeitspeicher.

Therefore, additional heat sources or heat sinks must be provided during times when the required cooling or heating capacity deviates from the heat supply. This supplementation and provision of thermal energy and thermal power from a memory can take place over periods that vary considerably over time:

• • If the time interval between loading and unloading is only a few minutes, hours or days, then it is a short-term storage.
• • When storage over a long period of weeks or months, from sink to source or source to sink, is referred to as seasonal storage or long-term storage.

• • bei der die beiden Funktionen als Kurzzeitspeicher und als Langzeitspeicher in einer Anordnung vereint sind,
• • die in der Lage ist, eine geringe thermische Leistung über lange Zeiträume im Fließgleichgewicht aufzunehmen oder abzugeben und
• • die kurzzeitig ein Vielfaches der Dauerleistung als Spitzenleistung abgeben kann;

The object is to provide an arrangement (and method) for storing thermal energy,

• • in which the two functions are combined as short-term storage and as long-term storage in an arrangement,
• • able to absorb or release low thermal power over long periods of steady state, and
• • which can briefly deliver a multiple of the continuous output as a peak output;

The two functions short-term storage and long-term storage / seasonal storage in one unit, the bifunctional storage described below is able to compensate for the temporal differences in the performance of thermal energy during charging as well as the discharge process.

The object is achieved by a device for storing thermal energy according to claim 1 and by a method according to claim 7.

In loose rock a hollow body is buried, which is filled with a liquid of high specific heat storage capacity. The loose rock surrounding the filled hollow body has a low thermal conductivity. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the surrounding loose rock an energy exchange and thus a temperature compensation takes place slowly with the liquid filling the hollow body. With suitable dimensioning of the ratio volume / surface area of the hollow body and corresponding power of the supplied or removed thermal energy, the liquid filling the hollow body can serve as a short-term storage for heat or cold. The outer wall of the short-term memory is thus geometric boundary and heat-transmitting surface simultaneously.

• • nach den Erfordernissen (Leistung der Nutzung der gespeicherten thermischen Energie des Anwendungsfalls), andererseits im Wesentlichen u. a. nach:
• • der spezifischen Wärmespeicherkapazität der den Hohlkörper füllenden Flüssigkeit,
• • dem Volumen und der Dichte der den Hohlkörper füllenden Flüssigkeit,
• • dem Verhältnis von Oberfläche/Volumen des Hohlkörpers,
• • dem Füllstand der den Hohlkörper füllenden Flüssigkeit,
• • der Temperaturschichtung innerhalb der den Hohlkörper füllenden Flüssigkeit,
• • der Fließgeschwindigkeit und Richtung von Strömungen innerhalb des Hohlkörpers, insbesondere an der Außenwandung des Hohlkörpers und insbesondere der turbulenten Verwirbelung der den Hohlkörper füllenden Flüssigkeit,
• • der Wärmeleitfähigkeit des die Außenwandungen des Hohlkörpers bildenden Materials,
• • der aktuellen Wärmeleitfähigkeit des den Hohlkörper umgebenden Lockergesteins,
• • wobei neben der Materialeigenschaft der Körner auch die Korngrößenverteilung des umgebenden Lockergesteins und dessen aktueller Wassergehalt die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Lockergesteins beeinflusst,
• • der Temperatur des Lockergesteins
• • und der Temperaturverteilung innerhalb des Lockergesteins.

In the specific case of application, the duration of the storage of thermal energy depends on the one hand:

• • according to the requirements (performance of the use of the stored thermal energy of the application case), on the other hand essentially according to, inter alia:
• The specific heat storage capacity of the liquid filling the hollow body,
• The volume and the density of the liquid filling the hollow body,
• The ratio of surface area / volume of the hollow body,
• The level of the liquid filling the hollow body,
• The temperature stratification within the liquid filling the hollow body,
• The flow velocity and direction of flows within the hollow body, in particular on the outer wall of the hollow body and in particular the turbulent turbulence of the liquid filling the hollow body,
• The thermal conductivity of the material forming the outer walls of the hollow body,
• The current thermal conductivity of the loose rock surrounding the hollow body,
• • in addition to the material properties of the grains and the particle size distribution of the surrounding loose rock and its current water content affects the thermal conductivity of the loose rock,
• • the temperature of the loose rock
• • and the temperature distribution within the loose rock.

According to the invention, the properties listed above, which control the thermal properties of the memory, are determined constructively during the construction by the choice of suitable materials and dimensions, and are also selectively controlled during operation by a microelectronic control and regulation unit.

The current temperature distribution within the liquid filling the hollow body can be adjusted specifically for the respective current operating state.

In one embodiment, a temperature stratification is largely prevented by mixing and increased by a spiral flow past the liquid on the inside of the outer wall of the hollow body of the heat transfer. In a further embodiment, a temperature stratification is specifically generated by omitting mixing. By this control option, combined with the possibility of changing the filling level of the liquid storage medium, the heat transfer is controlled by the outer wall of the hollow body targeted, and thus influences the duration of a thermal short-term storage.

In addition, the bifunctional storage is equipped with facilities that affect the water content of the hollow body surrounding loose rock. This allows the heat transfer through the outer wall of the hollow body to control.

• • eine gezielte Befeuchtung durch Wasserzufuhr durch eine Verteileinrichtung,
• • eine den Zutritt von Niederschlagswasser verhindernde geeignete Abschottung oberhalb und seitlich des Hohlkörpers und
• • eine gezielte Verdunstung des Porenwassers des Lockergesteins, gekoppelt mit einer Diffusion des verdunsteten Wassers und dessen Kondensation an anderer, ausreichend weit entfernter Stelle im den Hohlkörper umgebenden Lockergestein.

According to the invention, the systems influencing the water content are:

• A targeted humidification by supplying water through a distribution device,
• • a suitable foreclosure above and to the side of the hollow body and preventing the entry of rainwater
• A targeted evaporation of the pore water of the loose rock, coupled with a diffusion of the evaporated water and its condensation at another, sufficiently far away place in the hollow body surrounding loose rock.

• • Der Wärmetransport von der Außenseite des Hohlkörpers in das angrenzende Lockergestein erfolgt durch Wärmeleitung (Transmission), die Größe des Wärmetransportes steigt bei gegebener Korngröße und Korngrößenverteilung mit steigendem Wassergehalt.
• • Der Wärmetransport kann auch durch einen Diffusionsstrom gasförmigen Wassers in der Bodenluft erfolgen, dabei kondensiert Wasser aus der Bodenluft an kälteren Teilen des den Hohlkörper umgebenden Lockergesteins, wobei Wärme (Kondensationsenthalpie) freigesetzt und dieser Bereich des Lockergesteins erwärmt wird; durch die Verringerung des Partialdrucks in diesem Teilbereich des Lockergesteins wird ein Wasser-Diffusionsstrom erzwungen, der letztendlich zu einer Verdunstung von Wasser an einer anderen, wärmeren Stelle des den Hohlkörper umgebenden Lockergesteins führt. Sofern der Bereich des Lockergesteins, in dem Kondensation oder Verdunstung stattfindet, direkt auf oder sehr nahe an der äußeren Oberfläche des Hohlkörpers liegt, kann Wärme in oder aus dem Hohlkörper geleitet werden.

For the transport of heat into or out of the hollow body in the loosely surrounding rock there are two effects:

• • The heat transfer from the outside of the hollow body in the adjacent loose rock is carried out by heat conduction (transmission), the size of the heat transport increases with a given grain size and particle size distribution with increasing water content.
• • The heat transfer can also be done by a diffusion of gaseous water in the soil air, thereby condensing water from the soil air on colder parts of the hollow body surrounding loose rock, heat (condensation enthalpy) is released and this area of the rock is heated; By reducing the partial pressure in this portion of the soil, a water-diffusion stream is forced, which ultimately leads to an evaporation of water at another, warmer point of the loose rock surrounding the hollow body. If the region of the soil in which condensation or evaporation takes place is directly on or very close to the outer surface of the hollow body, heat can be conducted into or out of the hollow body.

Optionally, the outside of the hollow body with a good water-conductive absorbent layer 130 surround.

• • Der Ausgleich von Energiebedarfsschwankungen.
• • Die Möglichkeit, durch die Pufferung der Übertragung thermischer Energie über die Grenzfläche des Kurzzeitspeichers einer die thermische Energie im Primärkreis nutzenden Wärmepumpe diese Umweltenergie auf einem günstigen Temperaturniveau bereit zu stellen, um somit eine gute Arbeitszahl (COP) zu erreichen und damit verbunden auch die Betriebszeit gegenüber der Nutzung vorgenannter Langzeitspeicher EWTS und Erdsonden zu reduzieren.
• • Die Möglichkeit, durch die kurzen Betriebszeiten einer an den bifunktionalen Speicher angeschlossenen Wärmepumpe oder anderen thermodynamischen Arbeitsmaschine bedingten langen Ruhephasen auch geringe Temperaturdifferenzen zwischen Langzeitspeichermaterial ‚Lockergestein’ und dem Wärmeträger nutzen zu können, damit die Ausbeute aus dem Langzeitspeicher zu erhöhen.
• • Die Möglichkeit, gezielt thermische Energie aus unterschiedlich angeordneten Bereichen des Langzeitspeichermaterials ‚Lockergestein’ entnehmen bzw. einspeichern zu können, die durch die Änderung der Füllhöhe des flüssigen Speichermediums im Kurzzeitspeicher als auch durch die Möglichkeit, Strömungen oder Temperaturschichtungen gezielt erzeugen zu können, bedingt ist. Damit kann sowohl das Temperaturniveau der einem Verbraucher zur Verfügung gestellten thermischen Energie angepasst werden als auch die Ausnutzung des bifunktionalen Speichers erhöht werden.
• • Die hohe Leistung der durch die wärmeübertragende Fläche transportierten thermischen Energie durch gezielte Erzeugung von Kondensations- und Verdunstungsvorgängen von Wasser auf einer Seite (der Außenseite) dieser Fläche.
• • Die durch die Kondensations- und Verdunstungsvorgänge als auch die Materialwahl ‚Metall’ der wärmeübertragenden Fläche mögliche Erwärmung des Speichermaterials ‚Lockergestein’ auf hohe Temperaturen. Dadurch kann sowohl das zum Erreichen einer durch eine Anwendung gegebenen und bereitzustellenden thermischen Energie notwendige Volumen des Speichermaterials ‚Lockergestein’ als auch die wärmeübertragende Fläche klein gehalten werden.
• • Durch das Temperaturniveau bedingt sind hohe Wasserpartialdrücke und damit hohe Diffusionsraten von gasförmigem Wasser in der Bodenluft und damit ein schneller Energietransport innerhalb des Speichermaterials ‚Lockergestein’ möglich.
• • Die Möglichkeit, durch die Steuerung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit des an die wärmeübertragende Fläche grenzenden Lockergesteins den Transport thermischer Energie durch die wärmeübertragende Fläche erhöhen und verringern zu können.
• • Die Möglichkeit, durch eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten durch die mikroelektronische Regelungs- und Steuerungseinheit die Eigenschaften des bifunktionalen Speichers dem jeweiligen vom Verbraucher geforderten Betriebszustand anpassen zu können.

The advantages of the bifunctional memory are:

• • Balancing energy demand fluctuations.
• • The ability to provide this environmental energy at a favorable temperature level by buffering the transfer of thermal energy across the interface of the short-term storage of a heat pump using the thermal energy in the primary circuit, thus achieving a good COP and thus connected to reduce the operating time compared to the use of the aforementioned long-term storage EWTS and geothermal probes.
• • The ability to use due to the short operating times of a connected to the bifunctional storage heat pump or other thermodynamic work machine long periods of rest also low temperature differences between long-term storage material, loose rock 'and the heat carrier to be able to increase the yield from the long-term storage.
• The possibility of specifically removing or storing thermal energy from differently arranged areas of the long-term storage material "loose rock", which is caused by the change in the filling level of the liquid storage medium in the short-term storage as well as by the possibility of selectively generating flows or temperature stratifications , Thus, both the temperature level of a consumer made available thermal energy can be adjusted as well as the utilization of the bifunctional memory can be increased.
• • The high performance of the thermal energy carried by the heat-transferring surface through the targeted generation of condensation and evaporation processes of water on one side (the outside) of this surface.
• • The possible heating of the storage material 'loose stone' to high temperatures due to the condensation and evaporation processes as well as the choice of material 'metal' of the heat-transferring surface. As a result, both the volume of the storage material 'loose stone' and the heat-transferring area necessary for achieving a thermal energy which is given by an application and which is to be provided can be kept small.
• • Due to the temperature level, high water partial pressures and thus high diffusion rates of gaseous water in the soil air and thus a fast energy transport within the storage material 'loose rock' are possible.
• • The ability to increase and decrease the transport of thermal energy through the heat-transferring surface by controlling the thermal conductivity of the loose rock adjacent to the heat-transferring surface.
• The possibility of being able to adapt the characteristics of the bifunctional memory to the respective operating state demanded by the consumer by means of a multitude of possibilities through the microelectronic control unit.

Further details of the invention are described in the figures with reference to schematically illustrated embodiments.

This shows

1 an embodiment of the bifunctional memory in longitudinal section

2 a further embodiment of the bifunctional memory in longitudinal section

2a a further embodiment of the bifunctional memory in longitudinal section

3 a further embodiment of the bifunctional memory in longitudinal section

3a a further embodiment of the bifunctional memory in longitudinal section

4 an embodiment of the bifunctional memory in cross section

4a a further embodiment of the bifunctional memory in cross section

5 a further embodiment of the bifunctional memory in longitudinal section

6 a further embodiment of the bifunctional memory in longitudinal section

The bifunctional storage consists of a hollow body 100 that grown in loose rock 133 or filled loose rock 132 is buried. The hollow body 100 becomes after positioning by padded loose rock 132 enveloped, allowing a direct contact with the outer wall of the hollow body 100 or a direct contact of a shell layer surrounding the hollow body 130 consists. The shape of the hollow body 100 is in one form a round or oval or otherwise shaped metal tube that is closed at the ends by a respective cover.

In another form is the hollow body 100 curved in two directions steadily and / or discontinuously.

The orientation is such that the hollow body 100 with the longitudinal axis preferably precise or with slight deviation horizontally or vertically in the loose rock 132 and or 133 is oriented.

The material of the hollow body 100 It is made of steel or stainless steel or another material which is sufficiently strong and sufficiently heat-conductive for the purpose of use. The material of the hollow body 100 can be executed corrosion-protected inside and / or outside.

In one embodiment, the outer wall of the hollow body 100 with good heat-conducting ribs on the outside of the hollow body 100 fitted.

The hollow body 100 is with a liquid storage medium 101 filled. The liquid storage medium 101 as well as the heat transfer medium 121 have a high specific heat storage capacity for the purpose. The liquid storage medium 101 as well as the heat transfer medium 121 consist of drinking water, other naturally occurring waters, a water-based brine, a water-based solution, a water-based suspension or a water-based alternative mixture.

• • zusätzliche inhibitorische Eigenschaften geben;
• • und/oder den Erstarrungspunkt ändern oder vorzugsweise senken;
• • und/oder eine Volumenänderung beim Erstarren verhindern oder reduzieren
• • und/oder beim Abkühlen des flüssigen Speichermediums 101 diesem eine sulzige Konsistenz verleihen.

The liquid storage medium 101 as well as the heat transfer medium 121 are specifically provided with additives in one form, the basic form without additives also

• • give additional inhibitory properties;
• • and / or change the freezing point, or preferably reduce it;
• • and / or prevent or reduce a volume change during solidification
• • and / or while cooling the liquid storage medium 101 give it a sour consistency.

In one expression that is in the hollow body 100 located liquid storage medium 101 executed groundwater neutral.

On the hollow body 100 In one embodiment, several thinner, upwardly directed tubes possibly of different diameters are attached.

Two of these tubes are used in the hollow body 100 located liquid storage medium 101 to be able to shift; a pipe is used as a forerunner 110 for the hollow body 100 used another pipe as a return 112 for the hollow body 100 , The liquid storage medium 101 in flow and return is circulated in a cycle.

• • in einer Ausprägung durch ein oder mehrere durch Wärmeträger durchflossene Systeme mit Solarstrahlung absorbierenden Oberflächen 10 (solarthermische Kollektorsysteme) mit einem oder mehreren Vorläufen 11 und einem oder mehreren Rückläufen 12;
• • in einer weiteren Ausprägung durch eine thermodynamische Arbeitsmaschine 20 oder eine Verbrennungsanlage oder andere vorstehend beschriebene Quellen thermischer Energie mit einem oder mehreren Vorläufen 21 und einem oder mehreren Rückläufen 22, wobei die, thermodynamische Arbeitsmaschine 20 vorzugsweise eine Wärmepumpe oder eine Kältemaschine ist;
• • in einer weiteren Ausprägung durch einen oder mehrere externe Pufferspeicher 30 mit jeweils einem oder mehreren Vorläufen 31 und jeweils einem oder mehreren Rückläufen 32;
• • in einer weiteren Ausprägung durch einen oder mehrere Wärmeübertrager, vorzugsweise gegen die Atmosphäre mit jeweils einem oder mehreren Vorläufen und jeweils einem oder mehreren Rückläufen;
• • in einer weiteren Ausprägung durch ein anderes wärmeübertragendes Teilsystem mit jeweils einem oder mehreren Vorläufen und jeweils einem oder mehreren Rückläufen;

Outside the hollow body 100 and outside of supply 110 and return 112 the cycle is carried out as follows;

• • in one form by one or more heat transfer medium-carrying systems with solar radiation absorbing surfaces 10 (solar thermal collector systems) with one or more heats 11 and one or more returns 12 ;
• • in another form by a thermodynamic machine 20 or an incinerator or other source of thermal energy described above with one or more heats 21 and one or more returns 22 , being the, thermodynamic working machine 20 preferably a heat pump or a refrigerator;
• • in a further form by one or more external buffer memories 30 with one or more heats 31 and one or more returns respectively 32 ;
• • in a further embodiment by one or more heat exchangers, preferably against the atmosphere, each with one or more heats and one or more returns;
• In a further embodiment by another heat-transmitting subsystem, each with one or more headers and one or more recirculations;

The control of the flow processes in the hollow body 100 Pipelines connected by a microelectronic control and regulation device 200 as well as through a valve system 201 ,

Inside the hollow body 100 is the lead 110 and return 112 connected hydraulically, the connection is made: in one expression directly through the hollow body 100 located liquid storage medium 101 so that the liquid storage medium 101 with the liquid in the flow 110 and in the return 112 is identical ( 6 );
In a further embodiment are within the hollow body 100 leader 110 and return 112 not with the liquid storage medium 101 in direct material contact ( 1 . 2 . 2a . 3 . 3a . 4 . 4a . 5 ).

The hydraulic connection of supply 110 and return 112 takes place through a pipe system 120 or a heat exchanger 120 in the hollow body 100 ,

Preferably, in the case of hydraulic separation of liquid storage medium 101 and heat transfer medium 121 the liquid storage medium 101 be as pure water with a high heat storage capacity, the heat transfer medium 121 by contrast, a heat carrier selected for the thermal boundary conditions of the subsystems.

• • in einer Ausprägung seiner Temperatur entsprechend in eine in der Flüssigkeit im Hohlkörper 101 vorhandene Schichtung einschichtet (nicht zeichnerisch dargestellt),
• • oder dass in einer weiteren Ausprägung der Flüssigkeitsstrom 121 eine kreisförmige oder spiralartige Strömung 115 (6) der wandnahen Schichten flüssigen Speichermediums 101 innerhalb des Hohlkörpers 100 bewirkt,
• • oder dass in einer weiteren Ausprägung der einströmende Flüssigkeitsstrom eine turbulente Durchmischung der in dem Hohlkörper befindlichen Flüssigkeit bewirkt (zeichnerisch nicht dargestellt).

For the bifunctional storage with hydraulic connection of supply 110 with return 112 by direct contact with the liquid storage medium 101 ( 6 ) becomes the outlet opening 111 for from the flow 110 incoming heat transfer medium 121 (= 101 ) and the inlet opening 113 for in the return 112 flowing heat carrier 121 (= 101 ) and the geometry of the hollow body 100 designed as well as the speed of inflowing liquid 121 (= 101 ) by a pump 116 and the microelectronic control unit 200 be regulated so that the liquid flow itself

• In one expression of its temperature corresponding to one in the liquid in the hollow body 101 layering existing stratification (not shown in the drawing),
• • or that in another form the liquid flow 121 a circular or spiral flow 115 ( 6 ) of the near-wall layers of liquid storage medium 101 inside the hollow body 100 causes
• Or, in another embodiment, the inflowing liquid flow causes a turbulent mixing of the liquid present in the hollow body (not shown in the drawing).

The outlet openings 111 and inlet openings 113 are funnel-shaped in one embodiment as perforated pipes or in another form by differently shaped nozzles or pipe socket or in another form.

In one embodiment are in the hollow body 100 one or more devices each 114 for influencing the direction and speed of flows installed inside the hollow body.

In one version with heat exchanger 120 this is designed as a tube, corrugated tube, finned tube or plate-shaped, wherein the heat exchanger 120 the shape of the hollow body according to wound, stretched, serpentine or bent is performed.

• • ein Gaspolster 140 innerhalb des Hohlkörpers 100, das entweder direkt mit der Flüssigkeit in Kontakt steht (3 und 4) oder durch eine elastische Membran 141 (3a und 4a) von ihr getrennt ist;
• • ein in einem Rohrstutzen 142 befindliches Gaspolster 143, wobei das Gaspolster 143 entweder direkt mit der Flüssigkeit in Kontakt steht (2) oder durch eine elastische Membran 144 (2a) von ihr getrennt ist; und wobei der Rohrstutzen 142 nach oben gerichtet an den Hohlkörper 100 angebracht ist und mit dem Hohlkörper 100 hydraulisch verbunden ist;
• • ein außerhalb des Hohlkörpers 100 und außerhalb des den Hohlkörper 100 umgebenden aufgefüllten Lockergesteins 132 und gewachsenen Lockergesteins 133 befindliches externes Ausgleichsgefäß 145 (6), das durch eine Rohrleitung 146 mit dem Hohlkörper 100 verbunden ist;
• • oder ein mit dem atmosphärischen Luftdruck in Verbindung stehendes Rohr 147, derart, dass durch die zu erwartende größtmögliche Volumenänderung bedingt kein flüssiges Speichermedium 101 aus dem Hohlkörper 100 und dem angeschlossenen Rohr 147 austreten kann (5).

There are alternatively different variants for the volume compensation, by a thermally induced change in the density of the hollow body 100 filling liquid storage medium 101 becomes necessary to use:

• • a gas cushion 140 inside the hollow body 100 which is either in direct contact with the liquid ( 3 and 4 ) or by an elastic membrane 141 ( 3a and 4a ) is separated from her;
• • one in a pipe socket 142 gas cushion 143 where the gas cushion 143 either directly in contact with the liquid ( 2 ) or by an elastic membrane 144 ( 2a ) is separated from her; and wherein the pipe socket 142 directed upward to the hollow body 100 is attached and with the hollow body 100 hydraulically connected;
• • one outside the hollow body 100 and outside of the hollow body 100 surrounding padded rock 132 and grown loose rock 133 located external compensating vessel 145 ( 6 ) passing through a pipeline 146 with the hollow body 100 connected is;
• • or a pipe related to the atmospheric pressure 147 , Such that due to the expected maximum volume change conditionally no liquid storage medium 101 from the hollow body 100 and the connected pipe 147 can escape ( 5 ).

In one expression is within the hollow body 100 the filling level 148 of the liquid storage medium 101 changed.

As a result, depending on the specific operating state targeted thermal energy in different heights of the hollow body 100 through its outer wall between the liquid storage medium 101 and the hollow body 100 surrounding padded rock 132 and grown loose rock 133 transfer. The hollow body 100 is with a filling line 150 for transporting the liquid storage medium 101 equipped in or out of the hollow body, and with a Nachströmleitung 151 to the by the level change of the liquid storage medium 101 conditional volume change of the gas cushion 140 be able to compensate by transporting the gas. A valve 152 and a pump 154 in the filling line 150 or the Nachströmleitung 151 regulate the influx of liquid storage medium 101 ,

The control of the level 148 of the liquid storage medium 101 in the hollow body 100 is through the microelectronic control unit 200 carried out, wherein for determining the current filling level level sensors 212 can be integrated in the hollow body.

The to the hollow body 100 connected lines are wholly or partially depending on the technical design as a rigid tube, as a flexible connecting line preferably as a spiral hose or corrugated pipe or as a steel braided jacket hose or otherwise executed; the lines 110 . 112 . 146 . 147 . 150 . 151 each design can be made by itself in a different design.

In one expression is above the hollow body 100 a precipitation water and otherwise from above infiltrating water and upwards in the ground air diffusing gaseous water not or low permeability device 134 arranged in the form of a film, earth layer or concrete layer.

In a further embodiment, the impermeable device is above and laterally of the hollow body 100 arranged.

In another embodiment, the impermeable device 134 Part of a above the hollow body arranged building such as a bottom plate.

The device 134 is formed in a further embodiment of a material of low thermal conductivity.

Above the hollow body 100 is a lead 135 arranged the water in a the hollow body 100 surrounding envelope layer 130 or the filled loosely surrounding the hollow body 132 feeds.

The water flow is through the microelectronic control unit 200 controlled.

Inside the hollow body 100 , inside the padded rock 132 and the grown loose rock 133 are each one or more temperature sensors 210 whose measured values are used to control the behavior of the memory; and their signals from the microelectronic control unit 200 be recycled.

Inside the padded rock 132 and the grown loose rock 133 in each case one or more sensors for measuring the water content of the loose rock (moisture sensors) 211 whose measured values are used to control the behavior of the memory; and their signals from the microelectronic control unit 200 be recycled.

• • In einem Betriebszustand des bifunktionalen Speichers wird gezielt Feuchtigkeit bereitgestellt zum Transport von Wärme vom Hohlkörper 100 in das aufgefüllte Lockergestein 132 und das gewachsene Lockergestein 133; wobei durch Verdunstung von Wasser nahe der Oberfläche des Hohlkörpers 100 und damit gekoppelte Wasserdampfdiffusion in und gekoppelter Kondensation im aufgefüllten Lockergestein 132 und gewachsenen Lockergestein 133 Wärme transportiert wird.
• • In einem anderen Betriebszustand des bifunktionalen Speichers führt die Hüllschicht 130 gezielt nahe der Oberfläche des Hohlkörpers 100 kondensierendes Wasser ab; wobei das Wasser als Kondensat bei einem Wärmetransport aus dem gewachsenen Lockergestein 133 und dem aufgefüllten Lockergestein 132 in den Hohlkörper 100 anfällt.

In one embodiment, the hollow body 100 with a coating layer 130 surrounded, whose conductivity for water is higher than that of the hollow body 100 surrounding padded rock 132 , By changing the water content of the cladding layer 130 the heat transfer through the outer wall of the hollow body 100 purposefully changed.

• In an operating state of the bifunctional storage, moisture is specifically provided for the transport of heat from the hollow body 100 in the filled loose rock 132 and the grown loose rock 133 ; being due to evaporation of water near the surface of the hollow body 100 and coupled water vapor diffusion in and coupled condensation in the filled loose rock 132 and grown loose rock 133 Heat is transported.
• • In another operating state of the bifunctional memory, the cladding layer leads 130 specifically near the surface of the hollow body 100 condensing water off; the water as condensate in a heat transport from the grown loose rock 133 and the filled loose rock 132 in the hollow body 100 accrues.

The coating layer 130 consists in different forms of a fleece or of a fabric or of open-cell foam or of another material. In other forms, the cladding layer exists 130 from a mineral substrate of different grain sizes or any combination of two or more of the aforementioned materials.

The coating layer 130 owns under the around the hollow body 100 prevailing earth pressures sufficient conductivity for water and a corresponding storage capacity for water, with a certain proportion of air through open pores and channels, the water vapor diffusion through the cladding layer 130 allows.

The coating layer 130 and the outer surface of the hollow body 100 are designed and matched to one another in such a way that, in conjunction with the cladding layer 130 with the outer surface of the hollow body 100 a wetting of the surface of the hollow body 100 can be done with water. The coating layer 130 is with a device 131 equipped for the discharge of condensed water, which specifically allows the dripping of water, the device 131 is attached to the lower part of the cladding layer and brought out of water vapor diffusion and condensing water or not by the looseness 132 absorbed by the humidification line 135 dissipate fed-in water and allow it to drain off at structurally predetermined locations.

Below the hollow body 100 and its envelope layer 130 as well as under the device 131 there is a collection facility 136 , specifically from the cladding layer 130 dripping water collects and leads to a water guide 137 conducts, in which the dripping water collected at one point in deeper areas of the grown loose rock 133 is directed.

The water supply 137 consists of a tube made of plastic, metal, nonwoven fabric or a molded, completely water-impermeable film.

The water supply 137 consists in a further form of a mineral mixture of high water conductivity z. As gravel or sand. The mineral mixture is targeted in a grown in the loose rock 133 or in the padded loose rock 132 embedded hollow mold introduced.

In one embodiment of the bifunctional storage, the particle size distribution and the grain geometry of the hollow body 100 surrounding padded rock 132 selected so that the. Loose rock 132 has favorable optimized properties for the operation of the bifunctional memory; wherein the properties of porosity, water conductivity, suction stress, wetting properties, size and number of contact points of individual grains can be selected; this being done by influencing the particle size distribution and the grain geometries.

In one expression, the property of the filled loose rock 132 by altering the properties of the grown soil at the place of installation of the bifunctional storage 133 adjusted by adding new additional ingredients or removing components of the grown soil.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Solar radiation absorbing surface

11

Supply for solar radiation absorbing surface

12

Return for solar radiation absorbing surface

20

Thermodynamic machine

21

Flow for thermodynamic machine

22

Return for thermodynamic working machine

30

Buffer memory, external

31

Flow for buffer storage, external

32

Return for buffer memory, external

100

hollow body

101

Liquid storage medium for short-term storage of thermal energy

110

Flow for hollow body 100

111

Outlet opening for liquid storage medium 101

112

Return for hollow body 100

113

Flow opening for liquid storage medium 101

114

Device for changing the direction and speed of flows in the hollow body 100

115

Spiral flow of the liquid storage medium in the hollow body 100

116

Pump for generating flows and speed control of the flow 110 in the hollow body 100 inflowing liquid storage medium 101 or the heat carrier in the flow 121

120

Heat exchanger in the hollow body 100

121

Heat transfer medium for bifunctional storage

130

Coating layer around hollow body with water-conducting and water-storing properties

131

Discharge for condensation from the cladding layer

132

Padded loose rock around hollow body

133

Grown loose rock around hollow body

134

Device for diverting leachate streams and preventing water vapor diffusion streams in soil air

135

Conduit system for increasing the water content in the loose rock and in the shell layer of the hollow body

136

Draining device of the cladding layer 130

137

Water supply for dripping water from coating layer 130

138

Valve for controlling the water outlet from the pipe system 135

140

Gas cushion in hollow body

141

Membrane for gas cushion in hollow body

142

Pipe socket for gas cushion

143

Gas cushion in pipe socket

144

Membrane for gas cushion in pipe socket

145

Externally arranged pressure equalization vessel for hollow bodies

146

Connecting line from the hollow body 100 to the external pressure equalization vessel 145

147

Pressure equalization line from the hollow body 100 to the atmosphere

148

Filling level of the liquid storage medium 101 in the hollow body 100

150

Filling line for filling and removing liquid storage medium 101 from hollow body 100

151

Nachströmleitung for gas for setting different levels of the liquid storage medium 101

152

Valve for filling line 150

153

Domestic water supply

154

Suction pump for liquid storage medium

155

Collecting vessel for liquid storage medium

200

Microelectronic control and regulation device

201

Valve block for various flow and return flows 11 . 12 . 21 . 22 . 31 . 32 . 110 . 112

202

Valve for piping system 135

210

Humidity sensor in loose rock 132 and 133

211

temperature sensor

212

Level sensor for filling level of the liquid storage medium 101 in hollow body 100

Claims (7)

Arrangement for storing thermal energy in a liquid of high heat storage capacity ( 101 ) and in padded or grown loose rock ( 132 . 133 ) with specifically variable thermal conductivity or specifically variable thermal power during the transport of thermal energy through components of the arrangement with thereby specifically variable duration and temperature stored thermal energy, consisting of - one with a liquid high heat storage capacity ( 101 ) filled hollow body ( 100 ) coated with a coating layer ( 130 ), in particular of fleece, foam or plastic is surrounded, wherein the coating layer absorbs water, gives off or conducts and in turn on the outside of grown or padded loose rock ( 132 . 133 ) is surrounded, - one above the hollow body ( 100 ) and its shell layer ( 130 ) for targeted moistening of the coating layer ( 130 ) and the loose rock ( 132 . 133 ) attached device ( 135 ), - one below the hollow body ( 100 ) attached device ( 136 ) of a foil or a gutter that collects water and specifically from the hollow body ( 100 ), - one above the hollow body ( 100 ) and the moistening device ( 135 ) arranged waterproof device ( 134 ) from a layer of mineral material or a film, - sensors for temperature in the hollow body ( 100 ) and temperature sensors ( 211 ) and soil moisture ( 210 ), in which the hollow body ( 100 ) surrounding material, and - a control unit ( 200 ), which by means of actuators a flow of thermal energy into or out of the hollow body ( 100 ) and into or out of the liquid contained in it, a stream of thermal energy through the wall and the cladding layer ( 130 ) of the hollow body into or out of the surrounding loose rock ( 132 . 133 ) and the moisture of the surrounding loose rock ( 132 . 133 ) by the flow of water through the moistening device ( 135 ) controls. Arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the hollow body ( 100 ) by liquid-conducting connections on the one hand with heat sinks such as heating systems, heat pumps, low-temperature heat distributing facilities or drinking water heating facilities and on the other hand with heat sources such as solar panels, boilers, heating or heat pumps is connected and wherein a liquid transport through the compounds is such that either a direct Exchange with the hollow body ( 100 ) filling liquid ( 101 ) or the liquid in a heat exchanger ( 120 ) through the hollow body ( 100 ). Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the hollow body ( 100 ) flowing liquid ( 101 ) by guiding devices ( 114 ) is directed to influence the direction and speed. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the volume compensation of the storage liquid ( 101 in the case of a thermally induced change in density, either an upwardly directed, gas-filled pipe socket (US Pat. 142 ) or an atmosphere-related pipe ( 147 ) on the hollow body ( 100 ), wherein the gas cushion in the pipe socket ( 142 ) either directly with the storage liquid ( 101 ) is in contact or by an elastic membrane ( 144 ) is separated from her. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the in loose rock ( 132 . 133 ) with its longitudinal axis either horizontally, inclined or vertically arranged hollow body ( 100 ) has the contour of an elongated cylinder with two occlusive lids and made of steel, stainless steel or another for the intended use sufficiently pressure-resistant and sufficiently good heat conducting material, with well heat-conducting ribs are mounted on its outside. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hollow body ( 100 ) is filled with tap water, groundwater or an aqueous brine. Method for storing thermal energy in an arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heat transfer from the hollow body ( 100 ) into the surrounding loose rock ( 132 . 133 ) or the heat transfer from the surrounding loose rock ( 132 . 133 ) into which the hollow body ( 100 ) filling liquid ( 101 ) is controlled specifically by changing the heat conduction and the water vapor diffusion.

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