DE202011003667U1 - Buffer memory for receiving liquid medium, water supply system with such a buffer memory and buffer storage device with at least one buffer memory - Google Patents

Abstract

Buffer storage (1) for receiving liquid medium (4), which has at least one first feed opening (6, 11 to 14, 22, 25, 26, 30, 70, 95) and at least one first discharge opening (9, 18, 24, 29 , 33, 34, 69, 97, 101), wherein the medium (4) can be introduced into the buffer store (1) in such a way that a first medium area (38) located higher has a first temperature value and a second medium area ( 37) has a second temperature value, characterized in that at least one temperature changing device (39, 391, 392) is arranged in the buffer memory (1), at least in subcomponents (40 to 42), which in the state introduced into the buffer memory (1) of liquid medium (4) for the active temperature change of the liquid medium (4) is formed in such a way that the first temperature value can be increased and / or the second temperature value can be decreased.

Description

The invention relates to a buffer memory for receiving liquid medium, which has at least a first feed opening for supplying liquid medium into the buffer memory and at least one first discharge opening for removing liquid medium from the buffer memory. The medium can be introduced into the buffer memory in such a way that a first medium region located higher in the buffer memory has a first temperature value and a second medium region located lower thereon has a second temperature value. Furthermore, the invention relates to a water supply system for a building with a corresponding buffer memory. Furthermore, the invention relates to a buffer memory device with at least one buffer memory.

Water buffer memory, which are integrated into a water supply system for a building, are known in various configurations. So there are different names in this regard as hot water tank, drinking water tank, water heater, solar storage, load balancing memory and heat storage. In addition, so-called combined storage, high-performance storage, heat pump storage and district heating storage are known. These can be monovalent, bivalent or trivalent. All of these embodiments are to be subsumed in the context of the present invention by the term of the buffer memory.

Usually, water is introduced in such a buffer memory, for example via an external water supply network. It is then heated in this internal volume of the buffer tank. For this purpose, an indirect heat transfer via a thermal solar device, a heat pump or a combination of both can be done. The solar device or the heat pump is connected via a circuit in which a suitable liquid (eg., Solar fluid in the case of a solar system or a vaporizable working fluid in the case of a heat pump) is connected to the buffer memory and with the liquid medium with the Internal volume of the buffer memory thermally coupled. In addition, other facilities may be connected to this buffer memory. In this regard, means may be provided which are themselves designed to actively heat the liquid medium for buffer storage or in this regard remove the heated liquid medium in a circuit and release the energy contained in the liquid medium as heat for heating a room, for example on radiators.

Heat pumps are known as groundwater heat pumps, domestic water heat pumps, brine heat pumps and air heat pumps. While monovalent operation of a heating system is possible with groundwater heat pumps, domestic water heat pumps and brine heat pumps, the air heat pump, which can also be designed as a so-called air split system or equipped with a counterflow heat exchanger, usually requires a bivalent operation. The operating principle of a heat pump is based on the Carnot process. In this case, a gaseous working medium adapted to the working temperature range defined by Twarm and Tkalt is compressed by means of a compressor until it liquefies. The resulting heat is released via a heat exchanger to a first medium at a higher temperature level Twarm. The first medium may, for. B. the water in a buffer tank or the water in the return of a space heating system. The cooled liquid working medium is then expanded via a throttle and gaseous again. The resulting evaporative cooling is delivered to a second medium at a lower temperature level Tkalt. The second medium may, for. B. the outside air in the case of an air heat pump, the brine in the case of a collector geothermal heat pump or the groundwater in the case of a groundwater heat pump.

Due to unavoidable losses, the efficiency of a Carnot-based heat pump η (WP) is limited to values between 45 ... 60% of the maximum value theoretically derived from the Carnot cycle. The maximum efficiency (also referred to as the maximum coefficient of performance COPmax) COPmax = Twarm / (Twarm-Tkalt) is greater, the smaller the temperature difference between the two temperature levels. Losses arise z. For example, in compressors (heat losses), by the operation of pumps, by friction losses in collectors in brine heat pumps, by occasionally necessary defrosting of ice at air heat pumps at low outdoor temperatures and not least by the groundwater heat pumps or brine heat pumps. Heat pumps with depth probes to perform lifting work.

In addition to air-water and brine-to-water heat pumps, so-called gas-solid heat pumps are known in which a gaseous working medium is evaporated from a liquid reservoir and absorbed by a solid, unsaturated with gaseous medium working medium under heat of reaction. As soon as the solid medium is saturated with gaseous medium, the gaseous medium is expelled and condensed again via heat input from the solid medium on the cool reactor floor. In this cycle, the gaseous medium is usually water vapor, which condenses to water at the bottom of the reactor. The solid medium is usually a zeolite that can absorb water vapor in its pores. The resulting heat is fed through a laid in the zeolite heat exchanger a hot water system (drinking water or space heating). Once the zeolite is saturated with water, the water is expelled through a heater integrated in the reactor (eg, oil or gas burner) and condenses at the bottom of the reactor where another heat exchanger is installed. The advantage of such a system arises only from the coupling with other heat exchangers such. B. a solar system. Since the water at the bottom of the reactor usually assumes a lower temperature than z. As in the case of direct coupling of a solar system with a buffer memory according to the prior art, this leads to an extension of the work area of the solar system in such a way that the same responsive to less sunlight and at lower ambient temperatures and provides higher performance due to the higher temperature gradient ,

• (1) Schichten-Pufferspeicher in monovalenter, bivalenter oder trivalenter Betriebsweise mit wärmeerzeugenden Kreisläufen wie z. B. für eine Gas-, Öl- oder Pelletheizung, einem wasserführenden Kaminofen oder einer Solaranlage und wärmeverbrauchenden Kreisläufen wie z. B. einer Raumheizung oder zur Brauchwassererwärmung.
• (2) Wärmepumpen auf Basis flüssig-flüssig, wie z. B. die Grundwasser-Wärmepumpe, die Brauchwasser-Wärmepumpe oder die Sole-Wärmepumpe wie beschrieben.
• (3) Wärmepumpen auf Basis gasförmig-flüssig wie z. B. Luft-Wärmepumpe wie beschrieben.
• (4) Wärmepumpen auf Basis gasförmig-Feststoff wie z. B. die Wasserdampf-Zeolith Wärmepumpe wie beschrieben.
• (5) Die Kopplung einer Solaranlage mit einer Wärmepumpe. Bei diesem auch als „Drei-Stufen-Solarsystem” bezeichneten System wird – ähnlich wie bei der Wasserdampf-Zeolith-Wärmepumpe – der Arbeitsbereich der Solaranlage erweitert, indem durch die Solaranlage vorgewärmtes Wasser z. B. eine Luft-Wärmepumpe unterstützt.
• (6) Die Kombination von Luft-Wärmepumpen mit Raumlüftungssystemen zur Verringerung der Verluste einer Lüftungsanlage. Dies kann z. B. mit Hilfe von Gegenstrom-Luftwämetauschern realisiert werden.
• (7) Die Kopplung bzw. Realisierung einer Wärmepumpe mit in Dachziegeln integrierten Wärmetauschern. Die über den Wärmetauscher gewinnbare Wärme kann – ähnlich wie bei der Kopplung mit einer Solaranlage SdT(5) – zur Unterstützung einer Wärmepumpe genutzt werden oder – im monovalenten Betrieb – als autarkes Raumheizungssystem genutzt werden. Im Gegensatz zu Sole-Wärmepumpen kann auf die aufwändige Verlegung von Kollektoren bzw. das Einbringen von Sonden in das Erdreich verzichtet werden.
• (8) Die Verwendung einer Solaranlage zur Regeneration des Erdreichs im Fall von Erdwärmepumpen auf Basis von Sonden oder Kollektoren. Im Betriebsmodus der solaren Erdreichregeneration wird die Wärmepumpenflüssigkeit aus dem Erdreich mit ca. 6 ... 12°C durch die Kollektoren geleitet und trägt somit zur Regeneration des abgekühlten Erdreichs bei. Dieser Modus wird bevorzugt dann genutzt, wenn die Temperatur am Ausgang der Solarkollektoren zu niedrig ist, um direkt in den Pufferspeicher eingespeist werden zu können. Ähnlich wie bei SdT(3) und SdT(5) trägt dieser Betriebsmodus zu einer Erweiterung des Arbeitsbereichs einer Solaranlage bei.
• (9) Wärmepumpen, die entweder parallel oder seriell in Reihe geschaltet sind. Nachteil einer seriellen Schaltung ist, dass beide Systeme immer gleichzeitig laufen müssen, weil der notwendige zentrale Wärmetauscher gleichzeitig Verflüssiger der ersten Stufe und Verdampfer der zweiten Stufe ist. Als Vorteil ergibt sich eine Verbesserung der Effizienz der Wärmepumpe. Dies ist von besonderem Vorteil bei Systemen, die ein erhöhtes zweites Temperaturniveau benötigen, wie z. B. zur Brauchwassererwärmung und/oder bei Raumheizungen, die auf dem Radiatorkonzept beruhen.
• (10) Die Kombination von Heizungs- und Kühlsystemen mittels Wärmepumpen. Dies ist von besonderem Vorteil im Fall von Niedertemperaturheizungen, wie z. B. einer Fußbodenheizung mit Vorlauftemperaturen von maximal 35°C.
• (11) Die Kopplung von Parabolrinnen-Solarkollektoren mit einer Wärmepumpe. Hierzu ist die Verdampfung von Wasser mit anschließender Rückgewinnung der Kondensationswärme in einem Absorber notwendig.
• (12) Die kombinierte Erzeugung von Wärme und Strom. Dies kann z. B. in sogenannten mCHP-Anlagen (micro oder mini Combined Heat & Power) realisiert werden. Zur Abgrenzung von Blockheizkraftwerken ist die Gesamtleistung einer mCHP-Anlage gering (< 100 kW).
• (13) Die Verwendung von PCM (Phase Change Materials) zur Speicherung von Wärme. Dies ist bekannt z. B. in Verbindung mit Raumklimatisierung, wobei das PCM die tagsüber eingespeiste Wärme zwischenspeichert und über Nacht wieder abgeben kann.
• (14) Die Kopplung von Pufferspeichern mit großen, unterirdischen Vorratsspeichern.
• (15) Die Nutzung von Erdspeichern zum Speichern von Solarenergie.

Together with the already mentioned design features of a water treatment plant, the following technical aspects or physical relationships are state of the art. In order to distinguish it from the design of a water treatment plant according to the invention, these are further cited as required with SdT (#) (SdT = state of the art).

• (1) layer buffer in monovalent, bivalent or trivalent operation with heat-generating circuits such. B. for a gas, oil or pellet heating, a water-bearing stove or a solar system and heat consuming circuits such. B. a space heater or for domestic water heating.
• (2) heat pumps based on liquid-liquid, such. As the groundwater heat pump, the hot water heat pump or the brine heat pump as described.
• (3) heat pumps based on gaseous-liquid such. B. Air heat pump as described.
• (4) heat pumps based on gaseous solid such. As the steam-zeolite heat pump as described.
• (5) The coupling of a solar system with a heat pump. In this system, also referred to as a "three-stage solar system" system - similar to the steam-zeolite heat pump - extends the work area of the solar system by preheated by the solar system water z. B. supports an air heat pump.
• (6) The combination of air heat pumps with room ventilation systems to reduce the losses of a ventilation system. This can be z. B. be realized with the help of countercurrent air heat exchangers.
• (7) The coupling or realization of a heat pump with integrated in roof tiles heat exchangers. The heat that can be extracted via the heat exchanger can be used to support a heat pump - similar to the coupling with a solar thermal system SdT (5) - or - in monovalent mode - can be used as a self-sufficient space heating system. In contrast to brine heat pumps, it can be dispensed with the laborious laying of collectors or the introduction of probes in the soil.
• (8) The use of a solar system to regenerate the soil in the case of geothermal heat pumps based on probes or collectors. In the operating mode of the solar soil regeneration, the heat pump liquid from the soil with approximately 6 ... 12 ° C is passed through the collectors and thus contributes to the regeneration of the cooled soil. This mode is preferably used when the temperature at the outlet of the solar collectors is too low to be fed directly into the buffer memory. Similar to SdT (3) and SdT (5), this mode of operation adds to the scope of a solar system.
• (9) Heat pumps connected either in parallel or serially in series. The disadvantage of a serial circuit is that both systems must always run at the same time because the necessary central heat exchanger is at the same time a first-stage condenser and a second-stage evaporator. The advantage is an improvement in the efficiency of the heat pump. This is of particular advantage in systems which require an elevated second temperature level, such as, for example, B. for domestic water heating and / or space heaters based on the radiator concept.
• (10) The combination of heating and cooling systems by means of heat pumps. This is of particular advantage in the case of low temperature heaters, such. As a floor heating with flow temperatures of 35 ° C maximum.
• (11) The coupling of parabolic trough solar collectors with a heat pump. For this purpose, the evaporation of water with subsequent recovery of the heat of condensation in an absorber is necessary.
• (12) The combined generation of heat and electricity. This can be z. B. in so-called mCHP systems (micro or mini Combined Heat & Power) can be realized. For the demarcation of combined heat and power plants, the total output of an mCHP plant is low (<100 kW).
• (13) The use of PCM (Phase Change Materials) for storing heat. This is known z. B. in conjunction with room air conditioning, the PCM fed during the day Heat cached and can give over night again.
• (14) The coupling of storage tanks with large, underground storage facilities.
• (15) The use of ground storage for storing solar energy.

In known buffer memories, which are also referred to as a layer memory, different medium regions are formed in the direction of the vertical axis of the buffer memory, in which the liquid medium has different temperature values. This results in a temperature gradient of the liquid medium within the buffer storage along the vertical axis. In this case, the temperature in the upper region of the buffer reservoir is higher than in lower regions because of the preferred and generally stationary feed of warm medium in the upper region and of cold medium in the lower region and of the density dependence and the density anomaly of water.

There are also known in this context memory for heating systems, which are integrated only in the heating circuit and have the task to cache energy that is currently not needed. These storage tanks can also be equipped with heat exchangers to integrate additional energy sources. Are couplings provided with solar devices in this context, an additional heat exchanger is currently provided so that the solar fluid is not mixed in the solar circuit with the heating water inside the buffer. For water-bearing fireplace inserts or additional oil or gas heaters, such an additional heat exchanger is not required.

In addition, storage facilities are also known which serve as hot water storage tanks for the provision of domestic hot water, such as bathing water or the like. These stores are also referred to as drinking water, service water or high-performance storage. Such reservoirs are usually used to provide enough drinking water for showering, rinsing, etc. available.

Furthermore, the stratified memories or combination memories already mentioned above are known. As the terminology already indicates in this regard, these represent a combination of the already mentioned types of storage.

A disadvantage of the known buffer memory is that the supply of externally heated medium, which is to deliver the stored heat directly or indirectly to the liquid medium in the buffer memory, is acted upon by a certain feed temperature. Due to the above-mentioned temperature gradient in the internal volume of the buffer memory is just in such systems in which the buffer memory is coupled to a solar device, the temperature in the lower medium range of the buffer memory is still relatively high, inter alia, because the recovery of water from the heating circuit of a heating system, its temperature is usually between 30 ... 40 ° C in the case of underfloor heating and 40 ... 60 ° C in the case of a radiator heater, usually takes place fixed in the lower part of the buffer memory. Especially in connection with a solar device which is coupled in the lower third with a heat exchanger to the buffer memory, therefore, situations arise in which no heat input can be done by the solar fluid in the lower medium range, because z. B. the temperature difference at the output of the solar modules to the temperature in the lower third of the buffer memory is too low.

Another disadvantage of known buffer memory can be seen in the fact that the volume of the liquid medium is usually limited upwards, because the structural conditions (the buffer must fit through the door of a house) do not allow larger buffers. This results in natural upper limits for the dimensioning of solar thermal systems. Nevertheless, it often happens on hot and sunny summer days that the buffer is "thermally filled" after only a few hours of sunshine and the solar device must shut down to prevent overheating of the medium.

The efficiency of the solar system and the buffer tank or the entire water supply system is limited.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a buffer memory, a buffer storage device and a water supply system for the thermal treatment of liquid medium, in which or in which the efficiency of the thermal energy transfer is improved to a liquid medium of the buffer memory.

In particular, the externally available thermal energy should be more extensively coupled into the buffer memory and be deliverable to the liquid medium. In this regard, the performance and efficiency - in the following called Efficient - should be increased. In particular, the primary energy input for introducing heat energy into the buffer tank should be lower than is possible today with heat pumps according to the state of the art.

This task is performed by a cache, a cache device and a Water supply system according to the independent claims.

An inventive buffer memory for receiving liquid medium comprises at least a first feed opening for supplying liquid medium into the buffer memory. It also includes at least a first discharge opening for the removal of liquid medium from the buffer memory. The medium can be introduced into the buffer memory in such a way that a higher first medium region has a first temperature value and a medium region situated lower therewith has a second temperature value. An essential aspect of the invention is to be seen in that in the buffer memory at least one temperature change device is arranged, wherein it is arranged therein with at least some sub-components. In the state of liquid medium introduced into the buffer memory, this temperature change device is designed to actively change the temperature of the liquid medium. This temperature change device is designed such that the first temperature value of the first medium region can be increased and / or the second temperature value of the second medium region can be lowered. It is thus possible by a very specific additional component, namely the temperature change device, an active intervention in the temperatures of the medium regions of the liquid medium. Due to the very specific temperature value changes in the medium areas is possible over conventional designs greater temperature differences between the temperature in the heating system (radiator or floor heating) and the upper third of the buffer memory on the one hand and between the outside temperature and the temperature in the lower third of the buffer memory on the other hand can be realized and thus enable a more efficient energy input from the buffer memory in the heating system and from the solar system in the buffer memory. Explicitly, thermal energy can thus also be used on colder days or later in the evening or, if necessary, on balmy summer nights, and transferred to the liquid medium in the buffer tank. It can thus over a longer period in the daily routine - and in particular at night when no sun shines - as well as a longer window of time in the year - and here in particular in colder seasons use of the thermal energy of the environment can be achieved. The efficiency of the buffer memory can be increased significantly.

Preferably, in the context of the invention, a buffer memory is also understood to mean a buffer memory device which has at least one buffer memory unit, it also being possible to provide a plurality of separate buffer memory units, which can in particular be coupled to one another. At least one temperature change device is at least partially arranged in at least one of these buffer storage units. It is also possible to provide a plurality of temperature change devices which can be coupled to one another, in particular connected in series with regard to their function of the temperature change, and thus are coupled in cascade.

It is preferably provided that the liquid medium to be introduced into the buffer store can be introduced in such a way that it has a temperature gradient along the vertical axis of the buffer store in which the first temperature value is higher than the second temperature value. Especially such embodiments ensure great potential in terms of energy efficiency. Since certain layers of the medium with different temperature values are already formed in the buffer memory in a very targeted manner, these having advantages in terms of usability and temperature value configuration, these can be further promoted.

However, it may also be provided that the first and second temperature values are substantially equal. Even then, a larger difference between the temperature values in the upper and lower third of the buffer memory can be generated by the invention, which then in principle can lead to the formation of such a layer system.

In a particularly advantageous manner, it is provided that the temperature change device operates according to the thermodynamic Carnot process. By such a configuration, both the raising of the upper temperature value and the lowering of the lower temperature value is achieved in a particularly advantageous manner. By means of this thermodynamic process and the corresponding couplings, not only can the temperature value change be generated particularly effectively, but also, in a very economical manner, a relatively large difference value between the temperature values can additionally be generated. In particular, difference values greater than 20 ° C., in particular values greater than 35 ° C., can be achieved.

Preferably, the temperature change device has heat exchanging components, which are arranged in the buffer memory and are designed for active temperature change of the medium. Preferably, the heat exchanging components comprise at least one cooling module and at least one heating module, which are arranged in the buffer memory, in particular in the inner volume of the buffer memory in which the liquid medium is in particular.

It is particularly advantageous that the temperature change device is a chiller, which is designed in particular for increasing the first temperature value and for lowering the second temperature value. This makes it possible to achieve particularly great reductions in the second temperature value. By lowering it relatively far, the use of external thermal energy transfer devices to the liquid medium can be made more variable and flexible. Especially when these external devices essentially relate their thermal energy from the environment or from the ambient temperature, the thermal energy output from this device can be made to the liquid medium for a longer period of time and over a longer period of time. The chiller can be designed as an absorption chiller or as an adsorption chiller or as a diffusion absorption chiller or as a compression chiller.

It is preferably provided that a buffer-medium-external liquid medium leading first circuit is connected to the first feed opening and the first discharge opening, said feed opening and this discharge opening at the level of the second medium region, in particular close to the ground, is arranged on the buffer memory. In particular, at least one heat exchanger, in particular a solar device, are connected in this first circuit. In particular, at least one further heat exchanger is connected in the first circuit.

It is preferably provided that a cooling module associated with the temperature change device is arranged in the interior volume for lowering the second temperature value in a lower half of the internal volume of the buffer memory. This makes it possible, in a particularly advantageous manner, for a corresponding cooling of the second temperature value to take place in the lower zones of the buffer store. Especially in embodiments in which there are temperature gradients of the medium regions in the direction of the vertical axis, in this context this temperature gradient can be further increased. Thus, the lower medium region can be cooled particularly effectively and thus a particularly effective and efficient thermal coupling of thermal energy of an external device, in particular a solar device, can be achieved. This can then be achieved over longer periods of a day or a season.

The cooling module, the heating module and the compressor are arranged and connected in particular in a refrigerant circuit of the refrigerator in which the refrigerant circulates.

It is preferably provided that a heating module associated with the temperature change device is arranged above the cooling module of the buffer tank in the interior volume, in particular it can be viewed from the bottom up in the second quarter or a third quarter of the interior volume along the vertical axis be.

Especially with buffer memories with a corresponding temperature gradient along the vertical axis, these arrangements of the modules of the temperature change device are particularly advantageous. Since usually the upper media areas in the buffer memory have a relatively high temperature, an additional heating is no longer necessary or no longer desired there. By means of the corresponding specific positioning of the modules of the temperature change device, other medium regions can also be changed to corresponding temperatures.

It is preferably provided that a compressor of the temperature change device is arranged in the internal volume of the buffer memory. In such embodiments, thus almost all parts of the temperature change device can be integrated in the internal volume of the buffer memory. As a result, a compact embodiment of the buffer memory can be achieved. The compressor may be designed so that it is contacted by the liquid medium and has corresponding functionality with regard to its operational safety.

However, it may also be provided that a compressor of the temperature change device is arranged outside the internal volume of the buffer memory. In such a configuration then the accessibility to maintenance or the like is simplified.

It is preferably provided that the compressor is arranged in an intermediate housing, in particular an intermediate housing filled at least in regions with liquid medium, the intermediate housing being arranged in an installation recess of the housing delimiting the internal volume of the buffer reservoir. In particular, it is provided that the inner volume of the intermediate housing is separated from the inner volume of the buffer memory or is separated by a wall. By such a configuration, the above advantages can be combined. It can namely be achieved by the installation niche, that nevertheless a very compact buffer memory is achieved, on the other hand, however, at any time the accessibility to the compressor via the intermediate housing allows, without at the same time then the Accessibility in the internal volume would be required. By this intermediate housing in particular with liquid medium, which does not have to be equal to the liquid medium in the internal volume of the buffer memory, is filled, the heat emitted during operation of the compressor can be used to heat the liquid medium in the intermediate housing, which then stores the stored heat to the medium in the buffer memory. Such an embodiment further maximizes the efficiency of the compressor and the temperature varying device.

Preferably, in the partition wall between the intermediate housing and the housing wall of the inner volume, which is preferably the same wall, corresponding passages for lines between the compressor and located in the inner volume of the buffer memory further components of the temperature change device are formed.

It is preferably provided that at least one first feed opening and / or at least one first discharge opening in the direction of the vertical axis is / are arranged within the position of the second medium area on the housing wall of the buffer store. In particular, when these first feed opening and the first discharge opening are coupled to an external device which is designed to absorb thermal energy from the environment or from the environment, especially with a reduction of the second temperature value, the above-mentioned advantages can be achieved particularly well ,

Preferably, the at least one first feed opening and the at least one first discharge opening are connected to an external heat exchanger, in particular a thermal solar device.

This embodiment enables a particularly effective operation, in particular of the solar device. Because it can be ensured that even in frosty autumn and winter nights or even late evening hours transmitted from the ambient temperature energy can be used on the solar fluid to heat the liquid medium in the lower second medium range, as this then preferably by the temperature change Device is lowered to a lower temperature value.

Preferably, it is provided that the solar device has a circuit whose liquid solar medium is guided without contact with the liquid medium in the internal volume of the buffer in a arranged in the inner volume of the buffer heat exchanger of the solar device.

Preferably, this heat exchanger is arranged in the lower half. It may preferably be a spiral wound in the vertical direction. Preferably, the heat exchanger in the lower half of the buffer memory is arranged approximately centrally. He may additionally be surrounded with a wall, which preferably has a bottle shape. As a result, the concentrated and spatially specified heating of the liquid medium can take place. This additional wall may have at different locations in terms of the height level along the vertical axis outlets, from which then the heated liquid medium in the bottle is dispensed as needed in the buffer memory in different media areas.

Preferably, the buffer memory includes a plurality of feed ports and a plurality of discharge ports. In this regard, a feed opening is preferably provided, via which, for example, water is passed via an external water supply network into the buffer memory, where it is then heated. There may be provided a discharge opening, via which service water, for example, for washing, rinsing, showering or the like can be retrieved. Furthermore, further feed openings can be provided, which are connected to circuits with a radiator and / or a wall heating and / or floor heating. Accordingly, at least one discharge opening are then connected to these circuits. In addition, at least one further feed opening and at least one further discharge opening can be connected to a heater, for example a gas heater, an oil heater or a pellet heater. In addition, a water-bearing oven, such as a tiled stove or the like may be provided, which is connected to corresponding feed openings and discharge openings with the buffer memory and also preferably coupled to a circuit with the buffer memory.

In addition, the buffer memory can be connected via a further discharge opening and a further feed opening with a second, very large buffer memory in connection, the z. B. under the house or outside the building, such. B. in the garden, can be arranged, and is a storage device.

In addition, at least one feed opening and one discharge opening can be provided, which are coupled to an air conditioning system.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the air conditioner uses the infrastructure of the existing heating system, by the radiator or underfloor heating instead of warm Water is supplied in case of need cold water, which is taken from the lower, cold second medium area of the buffer and a higher, somewhat warmer first medium area is recycled. This variant of the "heating reversal" offers particularly great advantages when the buffer memory - as described above - is connected to a further, very large buffer memory, the z. B. may be located under a building and designed to store excess solar energy in the summer.

Preferably, at least two of a common external device associated with first feed openings are formed, which are arranged in the vertical axis at different altitudes.

With regard to an external device in this regard are generally understood all embodiments that are designed to absorb thermal energy and this can return to the liquid medium via a circuit through which they are coupled to the buffer memory and in particular the liquid medium in the buffer memory ,

By such a configuration, in which at least two feed openings are provided, a certain variability of the feed can be made in different media areas. Depending on which device is currently provided and which thermal energy can be stored, then a very targeted feeding of the thermal energy can be achieved in the liquid medium. As a result, greater energy transfer efficiencies can be achieved on the liquid medium. In addition, a needs-based feed can be made, which needs to be understood that the medium is fed at a point in the buffer memory at which there are practically no temperature differences between the fed medium and buffer memory. This in particular in view of the fact that too large temperature differences between the liquid medium at the feed point and the feed medium should be avoided in order to prevent excessive turbulence in the liquid medium.

Thus, the most suitable feed-in position can be selected by the plurality of feed openings, in particular depending on the respective temperature values at the feed openings on the one hand, and the temperature values in the medium areas at these corresponding altitudes. For this purpose, a control unit is preferably provided which selects a suitable feed opening as a function of sensor data, in particular via the temperature values at the corresponding locations, and then controls the corresponding infeed via it.

Preferably, the two first feed opening are connected to a common supply line. It can be generated as a quasi-cohesive system of feed ports and thus also very quickly and effectively the feed to the desired location.

Preferably, the supply line is arranged in the inner volume of the buffer memory and formed with a supply line beginning to the housing wall of the buffer memory opening. The compact design of the buffer memory is favored. However, it can also be provided that the supply line is arranged outside the housing of the buffer memory and two supply line ends are connected to the two first supply openings. In such an embodiment, the accessibility is ensured to the supply line. This is advantageous in particular for assembly purposes or maintenance work.

It is preferably provided that in each case a valve is arranged at the at least two first feed openings. This allows a particularly accurate control of the feed. In addition, the control of the valves via the control unit is also possible quickly.

Preferably, the position of at least one first feed opening and / or the position of at least one first discharge opening in the direction of the vertical axis is variable. A mobility in this respect and relative mobility of the feed opening and / or the discharge opening is ensured.

It is preferably provided that the at least one first feed opening is continuously displaceable, in particular by at least half the height of the buffer memory is displaceable. By a continuous displaceability compared to several locally fixed feed points along the vertical axis, a more precise introduction of the externally absorbed thermal energy into specific zones or medium regions of the liquid medium in the buffer memory is possible. Thus, in particular, the feed can be made at those points in the buffer memory which have approximately the same temperature values as the temperature value of the medium to be introduced into the first feed opening.

It is preferably provided that with a possibility of a relative displacement of an at least first feed opening relative to the housing wall of the buffer memory, a corresponding drive motor is provided, which is drivable via a control unit.

It is preferably provided that at least one second feed opening and at least one second discharge opening are formed. In this regard, exemplary explanations are already given above, which can be fed via second feed openings and what can be removed via second discharge openings.

It is preferably provided that the at least one second feed opening and the at least one second discharge opening are connected to a space heater, which is arranged to heat a room in the room itself.

For example, here a radiator, which is arranged in the room, a floor heating or wall heating may be provided as a space heater. It can be provided that a radiator in conjunction with a further feed and discharge opening can also be operated as an air conditioner by cold water is fed instead of warm water.

It is particularly advantageously provided that the vertical position of at least one second feed opening and / or at least one second discharge opening in the direction of the vertical axis is variable, in particular continuously displaceable. It may also be advantageously provided that at least two second feed openings and / or at least two second discharge openings are formed, which are positioned one above the other in the direction of the vertical axis. Even with regard to being positioned one above the other, this may be only along a vertical line, but also in the direction of rotation about the central central vertical axis of the buffer.

It is particularly advantageous that at least two first feed openings are provided, which are coupled to a circuit for a solar device, and which are arranged in the direction of the vertical axis of the buffer memory at different altitudes.

In particular, it is provided that in addition at least two second feed openings are provided, which are connected to a space heater and are arranged at different altitudes. Especially by such a configuration when coupled with a solar device and a room heater in terms of temperature values, a particularly precise and tunable feed is possible, on the other hand, the particularly temperature-specific targeted and desired removal of liquid medium from the internal volume of the buffer memory guaranteed.

Furthermore, it is provided that in addition a further feed opening and a further discharge opening are provided which with a second, much larger and external buffer memory, the z. B. under the house or in the garden may be in communication. This second buffer memory then represents in particular the second buffer unit of a buffer memory device with a plurality of buffer units, in which case the first buffer memory is the first buffer unit. While the discharge opening is preferably fixedly mounted in the upper, hot region of the buffer memory, the feed opening can be slidably mounted along the vertical axis.

For conceptual separation, the first, smaller buffer memory is hereinafter referred to as "small memory" and the second, much larger buffer memory as "large memory". Preferably, the two memories are connected to each other via at least three separately controllable by pumps lines, wherein in each case the upper, middle and lower regions of the two memories communicate with each other. So it may be z. B. be provided that in the summer - especially when the small memory on the solar system is "thermally filled" - hot water is pumped from the upper part of the small memory in the upper part of the large reservoir and the lower portion of the small memory with cool Water from the bottom of the large store is filled. The energy cost for operating the solar system and the air conditioner is further reduced because the temperature change device is relieved by feeding cold water. In winter, conversely, hot water is pumped from the top of the large store to the top of the small store, while medium hot water is returned to the middle tier of both stores. By this characteristic, the efficiency of the thermal solar system can be further increased, especially in summer, when abundant excess solar energy is available. In addition, the solar system can also be sized larger and especially designed so that in conjunction with the large memory no additional heating such. B. an oil-gas or pellet heating or the integration of a tiled stove are no longer required. The loading of the large store is then preferably in the summer and - with the support of the temperature change device - even in the fall, whereas in the winter heat is preferably removed from the large store.

Preferably, the cycle of the temperature change device is designed as a separate circuit. This means that in it circulating liquid working medium is contact-free with the liquid medium in the internal volume of the buffer memory. The increase of the first temperature value and / or the reduction of the second temperature value thus occurs quasi indirectly. By means of such an embodiment, very specific liquid working media can be used in the circulation of the temperature change device, which allow the temperature changes to be particularly precise and fast. However, since working media can be used in this respect, which should not come into contact with liquid medium, which is then used as process water, this above-mentioned embodiment should be provided.

It is preferably provided that the liquid medium, in particular in the second medium range freezing pointerniedrigende additives, in particular salts, or is formed as an oil similar to a solar fluid or a heat pump. By means of such a design, very low temperature values in the second medium range can be achieved via the temperature change device. This is particularly advantageous in that just with a coupling of the buffer memory via the first feed openings with a solar device, an efficient transfer of thermal energy to the liquid medium in the buffer memory can be achieved. Because of such a low temperature in the second medium range quasi always very cold, liquid medium is provided. If this liquid medium is passed directly into the circuit of the solar device, then this is also heated and subjected to thermal energy when the ambient temperature in the environment is even higher. This can also be done during thawing summer nights or in spring and autumn over a longer daytime period. Depending on the degree of temperature reduction, a heat input can then take place even at outside temperatures around the freezing point and is thus possible in principle in winter.

However, this is also possible if the solar device is arranged in a separate circuit in which circulates liquid solar medium, and which absorbs the thermal energy of the ambient temperature of the environment and then indirectly on the contact with the solar medium without contact in the internal volume of the buffer memory introduced liquid medium transfers.

It is preferably provided that the temperature in the second medium region can be lowered to values of less than or equal to 5 ° C. by the temperature change device. In this context, values below the 0 ° C limit can also be set. If necessary, the temperature in the second medium range is preferably set to values between 0 ° C and 4 ° C. This is advantageous in that on the one hand in this respect a lot of thermal energy can be transmitted via the circuit of the solar device to the second medium region. On the other hand, it is precisely in this specific value interval that water with its physical properties is designed so that no undesired freezing effects occur. In particular, during the discharge of the medium from the buffer memory of the freezing of valves or other components can be avoided when the essential part of the liquid medium is water. The frost protection of the solar medium, regardless of whether solar fluid or water with frost protection, must always be ensured. Therefore, the temperature limitation of the medium in the buffer memory to 0 ... 4 ° is not mandatory, but icing of the solar device or an air heat exchanger must be avoided from the outside, which is possible if the temperature of the medium is <0 ° C.

It is preferably provided that a so-called PCM material is at least partially introduced in the buffer memory, which has a phase transition from solid to liquid at a certain temperature, which can be reached in the buffer memory. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the material is introduced in the upper area in the buffer memory and has a phase transition at temperatures between 60 and 75 ° C. In a very specific and advantageous embodiment, the material consists of Na 2 SiO 3 .5H 2 O (pentahydrate), which has a melting temperature of 72 ° C. Since the density of Na 2 SiO 3 at 1.45 g / cm 3 in the solid state is much greater than that of water, it is water impermeable with small globules of a light material that is chemically resistant to Na 2 SiO 3 in small plastic bags, with density and amount of the light material are adjusted so that the entire bag has a density of just under one, so that the bag floats on the water of the buffer memory. Alternatively, undiluted material, which is also packed in bags because of the undesirable reaction with water, can be kept in suspension if a corresponding close-meshed cage is provided in the buffer memory, which prevents the bags from sinking and keeps them in position. Since one liter of Na2SiO3 × 5H2O can store just as much heat as 1 liter of water when it is heated by 76 ° C, the targeted addition of Na2SiO3 × 5H2O can either increase the heat capacity of the buffer reservoir or reduce the size or realize a mixture of both become.

It is particularly preferred that the temperature-varying device has an efficiency greater than 4, in particular greater than 6 and in particular greater than 8. Especially with a Cascading of several temperature change devices, the efficiency is greater than 6, in particular greater than 8.

Preferably, the buffer memory can be coupled to a unit which is arranged outside the building in the ground and can be, for example, a cistern or a line circuit. This unit is placed so far in the ground that it is positioned frost-proof. Just when the liquid medium in the buffer memory with respect to the second temperature value in the lower medium range is brought below or significantly lower the freezing point of water and thus 0 ° C, can be achieved by such a unit that the medium buffer memory outside on the way to a heat exchanger , in particular to the solar device, is reheated and freezing in particular of the heat exchanger or other components is reliably prevented. Preferably, the medium is already passed from the buffer memory under ground to the unit and from there again preferably internally directed to the solar device. This also creates a freeze protection system.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a buffer memory for receiving liquid medium, which has at least one first feed opening for supplying liquid media in the buffer memory and at least one first discharge opening for removing liquid medium from the buffer memory. The medium can be introduced into the buffer memory in such a way that a higher first medium region has the first temperature value and a medium region situated lower thereto has a second temperature value. The position of at least one first feed opening and / or the position of at least one first discharge opening can be changed in the direction of the vertical axis of the buffer store. In particular, the position of the feed opening and / or the discharge opening by moving, in particular in the vertical direction, changeable.

Embodiments of the first aspect of the buffer memory according to the invention are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the second aspect of the buffer memory relating to the invention.

A third aspect of the invention relates to a buffer memory for receiving liquid medium, which has at least one first feed opening for supplying liquid medium into the buffer store and at least one first discharge opening for removing liquid medium from the buffer store. The medium can be introduced into the buffer memory in such a way that a higher first medium area has a first temperature value and a second medium area located lower therefrom has a second temperature value. At least two of a common device for thermal energy supply to the liquid medium in the buffer memory associated first feed openings are formed. These are arranged in the direction of a vertical axis of the buffer memory at different altitudes. Additionally or instead, it is provided that at least two of a common means for thermal energy supply to the liquid medium in the buffer memory associated first discharge openings are formed, which are arranged in the vertical axis at different altitudes.

Again, advantageous embodiments of the first aspect of the invention relating to the buffer memory are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the buffer memory with respect to the third aspect of the invention.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a buffer storage device which has at least one buffer for liquid medium. The buffer storage device further comprises at least one temperature change device, which is thermally coupled to the at least one buffer memory such that the temperature of the liquid medium in the buffer memory is variable. In particular, a first, in particular higher, temperature value of a higher medium range is increased and / or a second, in particular lower, temperature value of a lower second medium range is lowered.

It can be provided that the first buffer memory is a buffer memory according to the invention or an advantageous embodiment thereof.

Preferably, it is provided that the buffer storage device has a first buffer memory, in which the at least one temperature change device is arranged at least with subcomponents in the inner volume, said first buffer memory is thermally coupled to a second buffer memory of the buffer memory device.

In particular, the first buffer memory is connected in an external circuit to the second buffer memory, in which also at least one heat exchanger, in particular a solar device, is connected. The thermal energy transfer of the external thermal energy to the medium in the second buffer memory is thereby more efficient. The increase in efficiency is particularly possible because the separation of the functions of the two buffer memory, the medium in the lower part of the second buffer memory, from which the solar tray is supplied with solar fluid, not more by warm medium from z. B. the return of a heating system can be heated.

The external circuit is preferably designed so that bypasses are provided. As a result, various feed-in scenarios can be generated via valves and a control unit in a controlled manner. In particular, depending on the temperature of the medium in the heat exchanger, a direct feed into the second buffer memory can take place or initially an injection into the first buffer memory takes place, in which then the medium can be thermally processed further by the at least one temperature change device.

Preferably, this external circuit is connected to at least one near-bottom feed opening of the second buffer memory. In particular, the external circuit is connected to a ground-level discharge opening of the second buffer memory.

In the external circuit, at least one feed pump is connected, through which the circulation of the medium can be effected.

Preferably, the external circuit is constructed such that the withdrawn from the second buffer memory via the discharge port liquid medium can be conducted directly into the first buffer memory. From the first buffer memory, the liquid medium can then be conducted to the heat exchanger in the external circuit. In particular, it is provided that the liquid medium in the first buffer memory via a, in particular further, discharge opening is directly back into the second buffer memory zurückleitbar.

Preferably, at least two temperature change devices are arranged in the first buffer memory, which are connected in particular in series with one another. Preferably, the two temperature change devices are equipped as refrigerators with different refrigerant circuits with different refrigerants, so that the temperature changes take place at different temperature intervals. Thus, it can be provided, in particular, that the temperature-varying device positioned locally below for the thermal treatment of the liquid medium is designed for a first temperature interval, for example between -10.degree. C. and 25.degree. In particular, it may be provided that a second temperature-varying device positioned locally higher in the first buffer memory is designed for the thermal treatment of the liquid medium for a second temperature interval, for example between 25 ° C and 65 ° C.

The two temperature change devices may operate at least temporarily simultaneously. However, it may also be provided that only one of the temperature change devices is in operation. This can be controlled by a control unit. In particular, depending on parameter values, for example the temperature of the liquid media in both buffer tanks, the need for hot or cold water for heating or air conditioning purposes, the operation control of the temperature change devices can take place.

The first buffer is thermally decoupled, which means in particular that no hot water is fed, which is discharged directly, for example, as process water to a hot water storage.

Preferably, the at least one feed opening and / or the at least one dispensing opening of the first buffer store are arranged to be variable in position, in particular in the vertical direction in their position discretely or continuously changeable, in particular displaceable.

Preferably, the first buffer memory has only feed ports and discharge ports connected to the heat exchanger and / or the second buffer via lines. In particular, no further components, such as a space heater, a water-conducting tiled stove, a service water system or the like are directly coupled to the first buffer memory.

In particular, with the second buffer memory space heating, such as a wall heater and / or underfloor heating and / or a water-bearing tiled stove, etc. directly connected via corresponding circuits and lines, including the second buffer memory feed and discharge openings has advantageous vertical positions of the buffer memory.

Preferably, the buffer memory device may also have further buffer memory, for example, a third large buffer memory as a storage memory, which is arranged in particular underground, and is coupled to the thermal energy exchange with the other buffer memory, in particular the second buffer memory.

Advantageously, the first buffer memory, in particular with the external circuit, is designed as a retrofit device for existing water supply systems. This means that it can be coupled with buffer memories designed as conventional second buffer memories. As a result, already existing arrangements can be inexpensively retrofitted and a substantial increase in efficiency of the existing system can be achieved without the already existing Buffer memory and the connected infrastructure such. B. a device for domestic water heating would have to be replaced. At best, a retrofitting of the existing buffer memory with regard to an expansion of the functionality of the space heating in the direction of an air conditioner should be made, if desired, and due to the flexible design of inlet and outlet openings in buffer storage according to SdT (1) usually always effortless should be possible.

The invention therefore also relates generally to a retrofitting device for the thermal treatment of liquid medium with a first buffer memory, as has been explained above according to the invention or an advantageous embodiment thereof. Again, advantageous embodiments of the buffer memory and / or the buffer memory device are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the retrofit device.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a water supply system for a building, which has a buffer memory or a buffer storage device according to one of the aforementioned aspects of the invention or an advantageous embodiment thereof.

With regard to the terminology of a water supply system, in the context of the present invention, any device is understood, the liquid medium leads to or provides that it is used as drinking water on the one hand, but on the other hand, liquid medium for a radiator, underfloor heating, wall heating or even for an air conditioning system provides in this regard thermodynamic processes for heat dissipation for heating rooms or for cooling rooms or for drinking water or for operating a dishwasher or washing machine or showering or bathing or the like to allow. It is of secondary importance, whether the function of the buffer memory is a heating function, such. B. heat for heating rooms or for the production of hot water from tap water, as it is z. B. for rinsing dishes, for washing clothes, for showering or bathing or the like is needed, or a cooling function such. B. operating an air conditioner. The mentioned examples of liquid medium with respect to the provision are only to be understood by way of example and not exhaustively. It is therefore the water supply system therefore also to be understood as a device which is designed for the transmission of thermal energy through the liquid medium and / or serves to provide useful heated liquid or cooled liquid medium.

It is preferably provided that at least two separate, liquid medium in the buffer memory directly or indirectly heating devices are connected to a first feed opening and a first discharge opening. The devices are designed for thermal energy supply to the liquid medium in the buffer memory. In particular, this ensures that this energy supply can be varied and made more flexible by a buffer-external coupling with a circuit in which there are two separate devices for thermal energy supply to the liquid medium.

For example, it can be provided here that in a circuit a solar device and, for example, additionally at least one external heat exchanger are coupled. It can also be connected in addition to other facilities, such as an additional heat exchanger in this circuit. It is preferably provided that the devices are connected to each other by a circuit which has at least one bypass. The devices can thus be switched quasi in series (cascade connection) or it can also be bypassed one of these devices via the bypass and thus decoupled.

The buffer store preferably has feed openings and discharge openings for a medium-carrying oven arranged in the building, for example a water-jacketed or the like, and / or a solar device and / or further heat exchangers and / or a heating system and / or a space heater and / or an air conditioning system , Furthermore, the buffer memory has a feed opening, which is connected to an external water supply network. In addition, at least one discharge opening is provided, via which service water can be removed from the internal volume of the buffer storage.

Preferably, it is provided that in the internal volume of the buffer memory, a separate circuit is arranged, which is connected to the feed opening, which is connected to the external water supply network, and with the discharge opening, from which the heated service water can be removed. For such a configuration, there is thus no direct contact between the process water and the further liquid medium in the internal volume of the buffer storage. This is particularly advantageous in that the liquid medium in the internal volume of the buffer can thus also be mixed with the additives already mentioned above, such as salts or organic antifreeze, or is a natural oil or the like by nature which reduces the temperature on the one hand and / or the Temperature increase on the other hand by the temperature change device allows faster and more accurate. In addition, it can be provided that this liquid medium in the internal volume of the buffer then also does not serve as process water, which then passes out and is fed via the sewer system of the building back into the external water supply network for treatment, but in closed circuits, for example in a Underfloor heating or wall heating or a radiator is circulated internally.

In particular, a treatment of liquid medium for a water supply system for a building in which liquid medium is passed via an at least first feed opening in a buffer memory of the water supply system, carried out. Via at least one first discharge opening liquid medium can be led out of the buffer memory. The liquid medium is introduced into the buffer memory such that a higher first medium region has a first temperature value and a lower second medium region has a second temperature value. The temperature of the liquid medium in the buffer memory is changed by a temperature changing device, which is at least partially disposed in the buffer memory, such that the first temperature value is increased and / or the second temperature value is lowered. For such a procedure, it is possible to actively influence the temperature gradient profile of the liquid medium along the vertical axis of the buffer store. The transfer of thermal energy to the liquid medium in the buffer memory can be done more efficiently. In addition, the efficiency of the space heating is improved by raising the temperature level in the upper part of the buffer memory without requiring an external heater such. B. would have to start a gas or oil heater.

Preferably, the second temperature value is lowered to a value less than 20 ° C, in particular less than 5 ° C, preferably between 0 ° C and 4 ° C. As a result of these temperature values, a particularly effective and efficient introduction of thermal energy into the liquid medium can be effected in the overall system of the circuits coupled to the buffer memory, and the overall operation of the system can be ensured safely and permanently. At the same time, the temperature reduction allows the operation of an air conditioner by z. B. is passed through the circuit for space heating cold instead of warm water.

It is preferably provided that at least one first feed opening is arranged to open into the second media area and / or at least one first discharge opening is arranged to open into the second medium area. In particular, with this first feed opening and the first discharge opening, an external thermal solar device is coupled via a circuit with the buffer memory. Precisely in this case it is particularly efficient to lower the second temperature value to the abovementioned values. Just here then can the solar device that absorbs the thermal energy over the ambient temperature in the environment, in terms of the time of day and / or the season longer time and with higher efficiency to the liquid medium in the buffer store. In addition, the operation of an air conditioning system via the existing infrastructure of the space heating is possible, as it were as an addition to the temperature reduction.

It is preferably provided that at least one first feed opening and / or at least one first discharge opening are arranged to be displaceable in the direction of the vertical axis of the buffer store. The particularly precise location and temperature-specific feed of the thermal energy at suitable altitudes in the buffer memory is ensured. Unwanted turbulence due to excessive temperature value differences between the feed medium and the liquid medium in the buffer memory are thereby avoided.

It is preferably provided that the displacement of the at least one first feed opening is carried out in the circulation in front of the feed opening depending on the temperature value of the liquid medium in the second medium region and depending on the temperature value of the liquid medium. This is preferably controlled by a control device which evaluates information from correspondingly arranged temperature sensors.

Preferably, the at least one first feed opening is displaced in a vertical position, in which the temperature values differ by a maximum of 5 ° C., in particular a maximum of 3 ° C.

In an alternative embodiment it can be provided that at least two first feed openings are provided, which are arranged stationary, but are arranged at different altitudes in the direction of the vertical axis of the buffer memory and with a circuit of an external device for thermal energy transfer to the liquid medium in the inner volume of Buffer memory are coupled. For example, supply lines may be provided here, with which the first supply openings are connected. A corresponding embodiment may be provided with at least two first discharge openings.

In a further alternative embodiment, which is particularly interesting for existing users of solar energy based on buffer storage according to SdT (1), because in this case the existing buffer memory can continue to be used, it can also be provided that the temperature change device in a separate, smaller buffer storage is located, which communicates with the existing, larger buffer memory and with the solar system and / or other heat exchangers. The at least two buffer memories are again in particular buffer memory units of a buffer memory device. For the purpose of conceptual distinction, the first, larger buffer memory will hereinafter be referred to as "first memory" and the second, smaller buffer memory with the temperature change device as "second memory". In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the first memory is constructed according to the prior art and in particular has a heat exchanger in the form of a spiral, which is arranged in the lower region of the memory. In this case, you can use water without antifreeze as the medium. Ledigleich in the circuit of the second memory, which is equipped with a heat exchanger such. B. a solar system is connected, a special medium is to use, which has corresponding antifreeze properties.

It may also be provided that in the second memory two or more temperature change devices, designed as chillers, are connected in series. A preferred arrangement is the arrangement one above the other, wherein each chiller is filled with its own, tailored to the respective working temperature ranges work equipment. So z. B. be provided that the lower chiller covers the temperature range of -10 to + 25 ° C and the upper chiller the temperature range of +25 to + 65 ° C. Thus, the efficiency of the temperature change device can be further increased. So z. For example, a single chiller covering the temperature range of -10 to + 65 ° C, a COPmax of 4.5, which gives a COP of only 2.25 with an efficiency of η (wp) = 50%. When using two refrigerators connected in series, the COP already increases to 4.2 with η (wp) = 50%. In reality, even values up to 8 should be possible, because the losses occurring with conventional heat pumps are greatly reduced. To enter z. As no losses due to friction in long pipelines and no losses due to lifting work. If, in addition, it is possible to cool the compressor via the medium, then η (wp) should assume values close to 100%.

The series connection also allows the achievement of higher temperature levels, as they are needed for the production of hot tap water and especially in heating systems based on radiators, without sacrificing the efficiency or the COP of running preferably as chillers temperature change devices must be accepted. In contrast to a series connection of heat pumps acc. In this case, SdT # 9 can also be switched on and off individual chillers, as there is no common working medium.

In the case of outsourcing the temperature change device in the second memory, it is possible with the aid of an intelligent control to operate the system in a so-called "large cycle" (standard mode) or in a "small cycle". During the large cycle mainly at higher temperatures at the output of the heat exchanger such. B. the solar system or in the upper part of the second memory is active, the "small cycle" is mainly active in the case of low to medium temperatures at the output of the solar system and especially if this temperature is lower than the temperature in the lower region of the first store. In both cases, a feed pump preferably installed in the feed system upstream of the feed opening of the second store controls the volume flow between the two stores and the solar system, whereby the volume flow from the solar system and the second store back into the first store is optimized via two controllable valves becomes.

Preferably, it is provided that the installation has a first buffer memory as stated above and a separate second buffer memory which is coupled to the first buffer memory for medium exchange, the buffer memories being buffer storage units of a buffer storage device.

For conceptual differentiation, the first buffer memory is referred to below as "small memory" and the separate additional buffer memory as above as "large memory". The large reservoir is preferably larger in volume, in particular much larger than the first buffer memory formed. In particular, it may be arranged buried under a building or in a garden.

Preferably, it is provided that the water supply system has a large buffer memory, which is larger in volume, in particular much larger than the small memory is formed, in particular a volume greater than 20 m ³ , having.

Preferably, the small memory and the large memory are connected to each other via at least three independent, individually addressable via pumps lines that can be switched by a control unit such that in the summer a filling of the large memory with excess solar energy from the small memory and in the winter, a filling of the small memory with stored energy from the large memory is possible. It can also be provided that the feed and discharge openings of the large store are height-adjustable and the coupling into the small store via its height-adjustable inlet opening.

Preferably, a discharge opening is formed on the first buffer, which is connected via a line to the second buffer memory and which is arranged in the direction of the vertical axis of the first buffer above a discharge opening for a domestic water module.

Preferably, a feed opening is formed on the first buffer memory, which is connected via a line to the second buffer memory and which is arranged in the direction of the vertical axis of the first buffer memory below an inlet opening for a circuit of at least one radiator.

In order to carry out the processes explained above, the buffer store (s) and / or the water supply installation have means, in particular at least one control unit, with which the respective sequences can also be controlled in particular.

Further features of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the figures and the description of the figures. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description as well as the features and feature combinations mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or in the figures alone can be used not only in the respectively specified combination but also in other combinations or in isolation, without the scope of To leave invention.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to schematic drawings. Show it:

1 a first embodiment of a buffer memory according to the invention in a partially broken view;

2 a first schematic embodiment of a water supply system according to the invention with a buffer memory according to 1 ;

3 another embodiment of a water supply system;

4 a simplified block diagram representation of an embodiment of a buffer memory with an embodiment of a temperature change device;

5 a schematic representation of a building with an embodiment of a water supply system according to the invention;

6 another embodiment of a water supply system;

7 a table showing control scenarios of the valves of the external circuit of the execution in 6 shows; and

8th another embodiment of a water supply system.

In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

In 1 is a perspective view of a buffer memory 1 shown for a water supply system in a building. The cache 1 is formed like a column or cylindrical. It is shown partially broken away along its longitudinal axis A and its central vertical axis A, so that in the interior of the buffer memory 1 can be seen. The cache 1 has a jacket or a housing 2 which is preferably correspondingly thermally insulated.

The cache 1 has an internal volume 3 into, into the liquid medium 4 can be introduced. The liquid medium 4 is preferably water, which via an external supply network in the internal volume 3 can be introduced. It can be provided that this liquid medium 4 is formed as water, which is mixed with freezing point-lowering salts or is also an oil or other organic substance with a sufficiently low freezing point. It can be provided that the medium 4 once in the inner volume 3 is filled and then the buffer memory 1 is closed and there is no connection to a supply network, so that no continuous refilling of medium 4 this can be done.

In the exemplary embodiment it is provided that the introduced liquid medium 4 along the vertical axis A is exposed to a temperature gradient, as in the right of the buffer memory 1 shown diagram is shown by way of example. It is on the horizontal axis, the temperature and on the vertical axis, the height of the inner volume 3 and thus also the corresponding altitude of the respective medium areas shown. As can be seen from the curve I in the diagram, the temperature rises continuously from bottom to top.

In particular, it is provided that via an external water supply network 5 fed water at such a location or altitude via an inlet opening 6 is fed, at which the temperature value of the injected water is approximately equal to the temperature value of the liquid medium 4 in the buffer memory 1 is. For example, and advantageous, this is at a location where about 15 ° C are given.

In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that via the water supply network 5 fed water is not directly in contact with the liquid medium 4 in the interior volume 3 comes. Rather, it is provided that this over the water supply network 5 fed water in a separate circuit 7 circulated. This cycle 7 has a spiral wound around the vertical axis A spiral 8th on. This points in the lower half of the buffer 1 along the vertical axis A a significantly greater pitch than in the upper half. At a discharge opening formed in the upper third 9 that with the circulation 7 and the tube formed as a spiral 8th is connected, then the heated service water is removable. This is a corresponding line 10 provided. The administration 10 can be connected to a faucet, for example, in the kitchen or in the bathroom, etc. The water pipe 10 may additionally or instead also be connected to a water-consuming machine, such as a dishwasher or the like. These are merely exemplary mentions for service water connections, which are not exhaustive.

It may preferably be provided that the indirect thermal coupling of the in-circuit 7 circulating water with the medium 4 in the interior volume 3 also external to the internal volume 3 is trained. This means that no spiral 8th of the cycle 7 in the interior volume 3 is, but that, for example, on the housing wall 2 a heat exchanging coupling module is formed. This may make inaccessibility to a spiral 8th in the interior volume 3 arranged would be avoided. Especially for maintenance purposes, this is advantageous, especially because the spiral 8th can calcify.

The spiral 8th has a smaller pitch at the top than at the bottom. By such a tight turn is achieved that the thermal energy of the warmer in the upper region of the liquid medium 4 more peripheral to the spiral 8th and the domestic water circulating therein can be discharged and a more effective heating in this upper area can be achieved.

In the exemplary embodiment it is provided that the liquid medium 4 only in the buffer memory 1 is contained and, moreover, only in closed circuits connected to the buffer memory 1 are coupled, can circulate.

The cache 1 has a feed opening device with a plurality of first feed openings 11 . 12 . 13 and 14 on. These are with a cycle 15 connected. In this cycle 15 is a solar device 16 ( 2 ) coupled, which one or more solar modules 17 ( 2 ) having. These can be installed, for example, on a roof of a building. The solar device 16 thus provides a buffer memory 1 external device for thermal energy transfer to the liquid medium 4 dar. With the cycle 15 is also a first discharge opening 18 connected. The first delivery opening 18 is viewed in the lower third in the direction of the vertical axis A on the housing 2 formed, preferably close to a floor 19 of the housing 2 Installed.

As can be seen, are the lowest first feed opening 11 and the first discharge opening 18 arranged at about the same altitude or at the same height level.

In the exemplary embodiment, three further first feed openings 12 . 13 and 14 are in contrast, and in particular with respect to the first feed opening 11 formed at other altitudes along the vertical axis A viewed. It is provided that the two other first feed openings 12 and 13 in the lower half of the height of the inner volume 3 are arranged, and the fourth upper feed opening 14 in the upper half, preferably viewed from the bottom up in the third quarter of the height of the internal volume 3 is arranged. Since the solar heated water can be up to 90 ° C hot, it can be provided that the position of the feed opening 14 is arranged even higher up.

The number of four first feed ports shown by way of example 11 to 14 are common supply line via one of the feed opening device 20 connected to the circulation 15 and the corresponding lines is connected. At the entry openings 11 to 14 a valve is preferably arranged in each case. These can be controlled via a control unit, not shown, to open or close. With regard to the opening and closing, temperature sensors are also arranged at the respective positions, with which, on the one hand, the temperature values of the liquid medium prevailing in the respective altitudes 4 and the temperature value of the in the circuit 15 circulating liquid solar medium can be measured.

With regard to the supply line 20 can be provided that these outside the housing 2 is arranged. However, it can also be provided that this supply line 20 inside and thus the internal volume 3 is arranged and through the housing wall 2 only one opening for coupling to the circuit 15 is provided.

Preferably then is at each feed opening 11 to 14 arranged a separate valve, which is controlled by the above-mentioned control unit, so specifically over only one or more of the feed ports 11 to 14 either the liquid medium 4 directly into the interior volume 3 can be fed or via the separated circuit 15 via heat exchangers 21 the thermal energy via the circulating working medium indirectly to the liquid medium 4 site-specific transferable.

It can be provided that in the circuit 15 circulating solar medium equal to the liquid medium 4 is.

However, it can also be provided that the circulation 15 is closed and circulates its own liquid solar medium, which is not directly in contact with the liquid medium 4 in the interior volume 3 comes. In such an embodiment, it is then preferably provided that in the inner volume 3 a heat exchanger 21 ( 2 ) is trained. This can preferably also be designed in a spiral around the vertical axis A circumferentially as a tube in which the solar medium flows.

The supply line 20 preferably extends at least partially over the height of the inner volume 3 and is in particular in the lower three-quarter region or preferably in the lower half of the inner volume 3 arranged. In particular, the arrangement may be between the hot water coil and the axis A, wherein the outlets of the valves are preferably on the axis A, so as not to disturb the symmetry.

In an advantageous embodiment, in which the solar circuit 15 and the circulating solar medium is not directly in contact with the liquid medium 4 comes, can also be a design with several separate heat exchangers 21 be provided. In particular, the number of these separate heat exchangers 21 equal to the number of feed openings 11 to 14 of the cycle 15 , It is then provided that each feed opening 11 to 14 in particular each with a separate heat exchanger 21 , which is spirally wound, is coupled. Preferably then has such a separate heat exchanger 21 with an associated feed opening 11 to 14 a smaller height in the direction of the vertical axis A, which then has, for example, only two or three spiral turns substantially. Even flat spirals, which extend in particular in a direction perpendicular to the axis A, could be provided. In particular, it may be provided that such a small separate heat exchanger 21 , the one entry port 11 to 14 assigned and connected to this is then only has a very small height, so that a very, in terms of altitude, site-specific indirect heat transfer from the heat exchanger 21 on the liquid medium 4 he follows. Every heat exchanger 21 then flows into a return, which is adjacent to the associated feed opening 11 to 14 in the supply line 20 empties.

It can be provided that the plurality of first feed openings 11 to 14 are arranged stationary.

However, it can also be provided that at least one of these first feed openings 11 to 14 in the direction of the vertical axis A relative to the housing 2 is displaceable. For this purpose, a corresponding mechanism may be provided with a drive motor or the like. By virtue of such relative mobility, it is possible, in particular as a function of the location-specific temperature value of the liquid medium with respect to the altitude, and / or depending on the temperature value of the solar medium in the circuit 15 a very site-specific infeed and thermal energy transfer to medium areas in the interior volume 3 respectively.

If a first feed opening is displaceably arranged, then the feed opening device can also be formed only with a single feed opening connected to the circuit 15 with the solar device 16 connected is.

In the embodiment, moreover, it is provided that the buffer memory 1 at least a second feed opening 22 that has a closed circuit 23 connected is. In this closed cycle 23 is a room heater 72 ( 2 ), which may be, for example, a freestanding radiator or underfloor heating or wall heating in a room for heating the room.

In addition, the buffer includes 1 at least one second discharge opening 24 that with the circulation 23 connected is. The discharge opening 24 is with respect to the altitude along the vertical axis A above the second feed opening 22 arranged. As from the presentation 1 it can be seen, are the feed opening 22 and the discharge opening 24 within the second and third quarters of the total height of the interior volume 3 arranged.

In addition, there are two more feed openings 25 and 26 provided that with a cycle 27 are connected. This cycle 27 includes a heating system 28 ( 2 ), which may be, for example, a gas heater or an oil heater or a pellet heater. The two feed openings 25 and 26 are in the upper half of the interior volume 3 arranged and positioned at different altitudes, in particular depending on the temperature in the buffer memory 1 by means of a not shown valve between the inputs 25 and 26 can be switched. Also, this can be a feed of warm water at different altitudes and in different tempered medium areas of the liquid medium 4 respectively. For example, the upper area is then preferably hot medium 4 fed, when this is cooled down so far, that an effective heating of the process water in the spiral 8th is no longer guaranteed.

In addition, this cycle is 27 with a discharge opening 29 connected in a vertical direction below the feed ports 25 and 26 is arranged.

The return of colder water to the heating system 28 takes place via the discharge opening 29 , which is about the middle of the buffer tank 1 is arranged, which via the discharge opening 29 in the pipeline removed water can be mixed with a warmer water from the pipeline via a non-marked external mixer. Also not shown is a heat exchanger that can use existing in the exhaust residual heat of a bi- or gas heater. This heat exchanger is in preferred form between those with the discharge opening 29 connected piping and the entrance of the heating system 28 installed and thus contributes to a preheating of the water to be heated.

Especially with regard to the cycle 23 can there also be provided that the at least one feed opening 22 and / or the at least one dispensing opening 24 is relatively adjustable in its altitude. This is particularly advantageous if the heating system 28 also assume the function of an air conditioner, in place of the hot water from the discharge opening 24 cold water from the lower areas of the buffer tank 1 must be removed.

In addition, the buffer memory points 1 an additional feed opening 30 on that with a closed circuit 31 connected is. In this cycle 31 is a water-bearing stove 32 ( 2 ), which may be, for example, a tiled stove or the like.

With this cycle 31 is a discharge opening 33 connected. Optionally, another dispensing opening 34 in addition to or instead of the delivery opening 33 be provided with the circuit 31 connected is. Here, too, it can be provided that the medium is heated to such an extent via an external mixing device that the temperature differences between the feed and discharge of the tiled stove are <10 ° C.

In particular, it is provided in the exemplary embodiment that in the circuits 23 . 27 and 31 the liquid medium 4 circulated directly. It is thus in the internal volume 3 fed and taken from there again.

In addition, there is an electrical connection point 35 Intended to fit into the interior volume 3 extending electrical heating rod can be arranged. This is an option, the buffer memory 1 to heat with a separate heating rod, which z. B. in low-energy houses, which have no oil heating, may be useful, or if the residents are on vacation and the stove is not available.

This connection point 35 is with an energy source 36 ( 2 ), which is, for example, an external power supply network. However, it may also be a building-associated electrical energy system, for example, a photovoltaic system 65 ( 5 ) is or at least comprises.

With regard to the relative positions along the vertical axis A of the feed openings and the discharge openings, in particular the relative positions to each other, reference is made to those taken from the figures.

In the interior volume 3 is the liquid medium 4 introduced and points with respect to the temperature gradient, as exemplified in the right next to the buffer memory 1 shown diagram, different media areas 37 and 38 on. It should be noted that both the number and the position of the medium areas are to be understood as examples only and in no way conclusive. With regard to the term "medium range", it is understood to mean any volume-related, in particular cylindrical, design which is acted on by a specific temperature value according to the curve I or, in particular, is generated within a temperature interval around a specific temperature value.

In the exemplary embodiment, the lower second medium area 37 liquid medium 4 with lower temperature values than the upper first medium range 38 on.

In the cache 1 is a temperature change device at least in subcomponents 39 arranged, which operates in the embodiment of the Carnot process, in particular a chiller. The following as chiller 39 designated temperature change device is designed in the embodiment in such a way that the liquid medium 4 in the lower medium area 37 actively cools and liquid medium 4 in the upper medium range 38 actively heated. Thus, in comparison with the SdT (1), an additional device is provided which, with its refrigerant circuits, thermally indirectly communicates with the medium 4 is coupled and in addition to the already existing temperature gradient according to the curve I, the liquid medium 4 site-specific active heating or cooling.

It is preferably provided that the chiller 39 the liquid medium 4 especially in the area of the delivery opening 18 of the buffer-external circuit 15 to a temperature between 0 ° C and 4 ° C cools.

However, it is also possible to set temperature values below 0 ° C. and, for example, also values of -10 ° C., as shown in the temperature diagram in FIG 1 and next to the cache 1 is displayed to be set. For this purpose, it can be provided that the liquid medium 4 for example, with corresponding freezing point-lowering salts is added.

The chiller 39 is in particular with a cooling module 40 ( 4 ) and a heating module 41 and thus with the central heat exchanging components in the internal volume 3 arranged. It can also be provided that a compressor 42 ( 4 ) in the inner volume 3 is arranged. The cooling module 40 , the heating module 41 and the compressor 42 are in a refrigerant circuit of the chiller 39 arranged and connected, in which the refrigerant circulates.

As from the illustration in 1 it can be seen, is the chiller 39 especially with its cooling module 40 in the lower third of the inner volume 3 , The heating module 41 is in particular in a second third along the vertical axis A with respect to the height of the internal volume 3 arranged.

With regard to the temperature values, the temperature T1 is in the region of the discharge opening 24 between 35 ° C and 40 ° C, for example, underfloor heating, and up to 65 ° C, for example, in a heating system based on radiators radiator. The discharge temperature T2 in the region of the feed opening 22 of the cycle 23 is about 30 ° C for floor heating and about 50 ° C for heating systems based on radiators. Typical exemplary temperature differences between T1 and T2 are between 5 ° C and 15 ° C.

The height adjustability of the inlet and / or outlet openings with respect to the circuit 23 is particularly advantageous, as this independence from the heating system used is achieved (radiators or floor heating) and the heating is also used as air conditioning.

The temperature T3 of the solar device 16 refers to the feed temperature and is usually between 30 ° C and 80 ° C. Through the chiller 39 However, it can be achieved that the temperature value of the liquid medium 4 in the medium area 37 can be lowered even below the 0 ° C limit according to the values mentioned above, which then also thermal energy of the solar device 16 or from other heat exchangers 49 and 50 ( 3 ) can be used, in which significantly lower ambient temperatures than 30 ° C are given. Thus, for example, even in summer nights or on autumn days on evenings and nights, where the ambient temperature is greater than the temperature in the lower medium range 37 is, to a thermal energy transfer to the liquid medium in this lower area 37 to lead. In 1 T3 is for the circulation 15 in particular, the value of T3 is about 15 ° C above T4.

The delivery temperature T4 of the circuit 15 is without chiller 39 typically between 25 ° C and 70 ° C, which also depends on the cooling down of the liquid medium 4 in the lower medium area 37 through the chiller 39 can be significantly lower.

Preferably, the temperature difference between T3 and T4 is between 5 ° C and 20 ° C here as well.

The temperature T5 denotes the temperature value of the heating module 41 the chiller 39 and is preferably between 40 ° C and 70 ° C.

The cooling module 40 In contrast, preferably has a temperature value T6 between -10 ° C and 10 ° C.

Preferably, the temperature value T7 is between the heating module 41 the chiller 39 and an expansion side of the refrigerator 39 between 20 ° C and 30 ° C. Depending on the type of heating, this level may be in the buffer tank 1 above (in the case of heating based on radiators) or lower (in the case of underfloor heating).

In 2 is in a simplified representation of a water supply system 43 for a building, for example a residential building or a commercial building. The water supply system 43 includes the according to 1 explained cache 1 as well as the already explained circuits and additional components. The administration 10 is with a service water module 44 connected, with examples of a domestic water module 44 already above to 1 were explained.

Furthermore, there is a discharge opening 69 at the first buffer memory 1 formed, which viewed in the direction of the axis A above the discharge opening 9 is arranged. The discharge opening 69 is connected to a line leading to a second separate buffer memory 71 leads. This second, in particular much larger in volume formed buffer memory 71 For example, it may be buried under a house or in the garden and may be a thermal storage reservoir. The first buffer memory 1 also has a feed opening 70 which is connected to a line from the second buffer 71 comes so that over the feed opening 70 Medium from the second cache 71 in the first buffer memory 1 is conductive. The feed opening 70 and / or the discharge opening 69 can be arranged adjustable in height. In the case of low-temperature heating systems, the second buffer memory may also be designed as a soil reservoir according to SdT (15), stored in the soil at the excess solar energy and other waste heat or process heat and in the winter via a heat exchanger to the heating circuit 23 as usable heating heat is made available again.

Furthermore, it can be seen that the heat exchanger 21 also in an additional, in particular bottle-like container 45 can be arranged. This can also be at different points along the vertical axis A, in particular at the upper thin bottle neck 46 discharge openings 47 and 48 exhibit. These are merely exemplary in terms of number and position.

For better clarity and clarity is therefore in 2 the chiller 39 not shown, however, indicated by the reference numeral.

In a simplified embodiment of the representation of the water supply system 43 For a building, such as a residential building or a commercial building, can be aimed at monovalent operation of the water treatment plant, which is characterized in that for heating only the solar system 16 and possibly further heat exchangers connected thereto in conjunction with the temperature change device are used, components such. B. fossil heating systems based on oil or gas burners ( 28 ) and fireplace inserts ( 32 ) and an electric booster heater ( 36 ), which simplifies the system architecture and reduces system costs. Instead of the water-bearing stove 32 a further buffer memory can be arranged, which z. B. may be a large buffer memory, with the buffer memory shown 1 and is designed to absorb excess solar energy in summer and store stored heat in winter. In the solar system or solar device 16 is it possible that in the cycle 15 with the solar device 16 in series or parallel to the solar system even more heat exchangers can be connected, which support the solar system. Because the buffer memory 1 and the solar system 16 especially the same medium can use on the heat exchanger 21 the solar system 16 , in its place, the temperature change device 39 and the surrounding "bottle" with outlet openings in the upper part of the buffer tank 1 also be waived. In the arrangement acc. 3 is the heat exchanger 50 designed so that it can produce outlet temperatures in the range 0 to about 20 ° C. The heat exchanger 49 is designed so that it has outlet temperatures in the range 10 can produce up to 30 ° C. The heat exchanger 16 , which is usually a solar system, is designed to have outlet temperatures in the range 10 can produce up to 80 ° C.

In 3 is another embodiment of the water supply system 43 shown. Here, too, is the buffer memory 1 as shown in 1 and 2 available. In addition, the cycle 15 However, designed to that in addition to the solar device 16 in number and position also exemplifies two more heat exchangers 49 and 50 are coupled. These can be arranged externally of the residential building. At least one of these heat exchangers 49 and 50 can be placed in the garden. Another heat exchanger can be integrated, for example, in bricks or roof tiles of the building. As can be seen, the heat exchangers 49 and 50 with the solar device 16 controlled by a control unit not shown connected in series or operated separately and independently.

The circulation 15 has bypasses 51 and 52 on. In each of these lines is a valve 53 and 54 arranged. Through these valves 53 and 54 can bypasses 51 and 52 be opened or closed. In addition, in supply lines 55 and 56 to the heat exchangers 49 and 50 more valves 57 and 58 arranged. By this embodiment of the cycle 15 can the three facilities according to the solar device 16 and the heat exchangers 49 and 50 individually coupled or individually decoupled, in order to achieve the most efficient thermal energy transfer from this external storage and in particular building external system 59 on the liquid medium 4 in the interior volume 3 to achieve.

In 4 is a schematic block diagram of the buffer memory 1 with a schematic representation of the chiller 39 shown. In addition, a room temperature device or space heater 72 shown with the buffer memory 1 is coupled and also, at least indirectly, a thermal energy input to the liquid medium 4 can cause. The heating circuit 23 can be used to connect the room heater 72 via additional feed and discharge openings in the lower area of the buffer tank 1 feature. It can also be provided that the connection is made via a height-adjustable removal and feed system.

In this embodiment, the compressor is preferably 42 in the interior volume 3 arranged and via an electrical line 61 supplied with electrical energy, for example from an external power grid or a photovoltaic system. For example, the electrical power is between 1 and 3 kW.

In addition, exemplary temperatures for the feeding and the delivery to different positions of the buffer memory 1 again indicated.

In the cycle of the chiller 39 is also an expansion device 62 , In particular, an expansion valve, arranged, by means of which in the circuit of the refrigerator 39 circulating working medium in its state of aggregation is changed accordingly.

The device 72 is at the temperature level T1 of the medium 4 in the buffer memory 1 with a discharge opening 24 connected, wherein in the line a valve 74 is arranged. Furthermore, the device 72 for feeding water with an inlet opening 22 of the buffer memory 1 connected via a line. In addition, another connection with the buffer memory 1 in the form of in a further discharge opening 75 of the buffer memory 1 opening line 76 in which a valve 77 is arranged provided. As can be seen from the illustration, opens another line 78 into the pipe 76 , This line 78 is with another cache 71 connected as he is in 5 is explained. The administration 76 flows into a temperature range T10 of the medium 4 in the interior volume 3 in the cache 1 where T10 is, for example, the outlet temperature for a circuit of an air conditioner 67 ( 5 ).

In 4 is a schematic block diagram of the buffer memory 1 with a schematic representation for the operation of a water supply system 43 shown as heating system and as air conditioning. Depending on the season, time of day, intensity of solar radiation and the outside temperature is the space heating system 72 ( 2 ) over the cycle 23 ( 3 ) either as a standard heating system operated (valve 74 opened, valve 77 closed) or operated as air conditioning (valve 74 closed, valve 77 open). Through the space heating system 72 (Underfloor heating or radiator heating) is therefore in the case of operation as a space heating hot water from the upper part of the buffer memory 1 and in the case of operating as an air conditioner, cold water from the lower portion of the accumulator circulates 23 supplied without an additional infrastructure - except the two valves - would be necessary. This makes it possible to realize very cost-effective room air conditioning, which is to be regarded as an addition to the temperature change device so to speak. An even more efficient operation of an air conditioner is possible in conjunction with a second, large buffer memory 71 as described below ( 5 ).

In a further embodiment it can be provided that, in addition to the temperature change device, further components are stored in the buffer memory 1 are introduced, which improve its performance. Such components may, for. B. so-called phase-change materials, hereinafter referred to as PCM. PCMs, like most naturally occurring substances, have the property of undergoing a phase transition from liquid to solid at a given temperature. The best known example of this is water, which freezes at about 0 ° C. The technical use of PCMs essentially exploits the property that the energy released during the phase transition from liquid to solid can be utilized as latent stored heat. Conversely, in the transition from solid to liquid, the enthalpy of fusion of the material can be stored in a heat storage. In order to profitably use PCMs in the art, such as. As for the targeted storage and release of heat energy, the melting point of the PCM must be at a temperature adapted to the task. In the case of use in a buffer memory, therefore, the melting temperature should be within a temperature range that can be easily achieved in the system. On the other hand, if possible, the melting temperature should be above 60 ° C, which is approximately the flow temperature of warm water in a radiator heating system from the circulation 23 in the buffer corresponds. in the Embodiment is the PCM material 80 in the upper third of the buffer tank 1 in the interior volume 3 arranged. The PCM material 80 is in particular in a container 79 arranged so that it is positioned locally, the thermal energy exchange is guaranteed.

For example, as PCM Na2SiO3 × 5H2O is used, which is also known as pentahydrate. Other materials are stearin in the form of waxes or fats. The melting point of Na2SiO3 × 5H2O is 72 ° C. This temperature is relatively easily reached in buffer tanks in the upper part of the storage tank, either by warm water flowing through the circuit 15 (Solar), the circulation 27 (Heating) or the circulation 31 (Chimney leading oven) is introduced via the respective feed openings in the buffer memory. Since Na 2 SiO 3 .5H 2 O is basic and also promotes corrosion on certain metals, it is enclosed in the exemplary embodiment in small plastic bags that are resistant to the medium and Na 2 SiO 3 .5H 2 O. To prevent the material from sinking to the bottom of the buffer tank - the solid density is 1.45 g / cm3 - it must be prevented from sinking either mechanically or gravimetrically. In the example, a mechanical solution is provided, which is realized in that the material in a cage transparent to the medium such. B. a metal grid as a container 79 is trapped and held. The metal grid is placed in the upper area of the buffer tank in such a way that the internal volume 3 in the outdoor area of the buffer tank 1 extending heat exchanger coil 8th of the cycle 7 for the service water is not touched. In the case of a gravimetric solution it could be provided that the Na 2 SiO 3 .5H 2 O (substance A) is likewise enclosed in plastic bags, but that another substance B with lower density, which is resistant to Na 2 SiO 3 .5H 2 O and the plastic, is admixed with it. The volume fractions of the mixed substance B and of Na 2 SiO 3 .5H 2 O (substance A) are coordinated so that the plastic bag has a density of just below that of the medium 4 and thus floats on top of this. In a solution based on waxes and fats, which are lighter than water, these measures can be dispensed with, if the medium is water.

It is preferably provided that the chiller 39 controlled by a control unit is operable. It can depend on specific temperature values, for example of the liquid medium 4 , in particular dependent on different altitude positions, and / or ambient temperatures in the environment and / or temperature values in at least one of the circuits 23 . 27 . 31 and 15 circulating further media as well as the internet connection retrievable weather forecast. The intelligent control and in particular needs-based reduction of the temperature value in the lower medium range 37 and / or the need-based increase in the temperature value in the upper media area 38 is then very precise, adjusted and forward-looking. This always with a view to the most efficient and maximum usability of the thermal energy in the liquid medium 4 or in the second, large buffer memory 71 is transferable and taking into account the weather-related feed-in potential within one day. In the case of the operation of the temperature change device with regenerative energy, such. B. a PV system, the control unit also takes into account the weather forecast for sunshine and delays the commissioning of the temperature change device, if it can be seen that at a later time on the same day a sufficient amount of heat over a pure PV operation of the temperature change device in the buffer memory can be introduced.

In 5 is an exemplary building 63 shown which is a water supply system 43 having. On a roof 64 is at least one solar module 17 arranged. In addition, at least one module 65 a photovoltaic system 66 educated. Furthermore, at least one of the heat exchangers can also be used 49 or 50 on the roof 64 to be appropriate.

In the exemplary embodiment it is provided that the second buffer memory 71 under the building 63 is arranged in the ground. It can be extremely large buffer memory 71 be formed, these may then have an internal volume of, for example,> 40 m ³ . Alternatively, the memory can also be a ground storage according to SdT (15), which absorbs excess heat energy or waste heat in summer and, in winter, preferably gives it back to low-temperature heating.

The heat exchangers 49 and 50 can like in 3 be described as liquid-liquid heat exchanger or be designed as an air-liquid heat exchanger. With regard to their operational coupling, they can have different feed-in and feed-in temperatures as maximum values, so that they are individually coupled or optimally operable in terms of different ambient temperatures in times of the day and / or seasons, and at least a small contribution to the different ambient conditions and ambient temperatures thermal energy transfer to the liquid medium 4 can deliver.

Starting from the design in 4 can also be provided that in the housing 2 an inwardly leading niche, not shown, is formed in which the compressor 42 is arranged. This niche is through a wall of the interior volume 3 separated. The connection between the compressor 42 and the cooling module 40 and the heating module 41 then takes place via sealed passages of this partition. This intermediate housing or the niche can also be filled by a liquid medium at least partially, wherein the operation of the compressor 42 resulting heat can be discharged to this liquid medium. From there it can turn on the liquid medium 4 be transmitted. By this configuration, it becomes possible, the maintenance of the compressor 42 while still keeping the heat loss of the compressor in the system, maximizing the efficiency of the chiller.

With regard to the control of the valves 53 . 54 . 57 and 58 different scenarios can be provided. The solar device 16 and the heat exchangers 49 and 50 With regard to their functional design, in particular, they are designed such that the solar device 16 can provide greater temperature than the heat exchanger 49 which may be, for example, an air-liquid heat exchanger and the heat exchanger 50 which may be, for example, a liquid-liquid heat exchanger fed from a cistern. Preferably, the modules 17 the solar device 16 designed as tube collectors, in particular CPC (Compound Parabolic Concentrator) Kollekoren that generate heat even at low ambient temperatures and in the absence of sunshine. In such an interpretation of the building external system 59 The temperatures at the outputs of the heat exchangers should be in the order regardless of the weather conditions 50 - 49 - 16 increase. Then, in the closed state of the valves 53 and 54 be achieved that z. B. -5 ° C cold water with the temperature T8 from the lower part of the buffer memory 1 through the heat exchanger 50 (Cistern, water temperature depending on the season between 4 and 20 ° C) is preheated to values between 0 and about 20 ° C. The preheated water then flows through the heat exchanger 49 , wherein it is further preheated to values just below Tu at not too low ambient temperatures Tu, for example to values between 10 and about 30 ° C. The further preheated water flows through the solar system 16 , wherein the temperature is further raised to values up to 80 ° C (T9).

Depending on the level of temperature T8 at the entrance of the circuit 15 can the heat exchangers 50 and 49 individually or together from the circulation 15 be taken out. Is T8 z. B. higher than that at the outlet of the heat exchanger 50 achievable temperature, becomes valve 58 closed and for valve 53 open, leaving the circulation 15 only the heat exchangers 49 and 16 includes. Is T8 higher than that at the outlet of the heat exchanger 49 achievable temperature, this heat exchanger is also taken out of circulation by valve 57 closed and for valve 54 is opened. In this case, as a heat exchanger, only the solar system 16 in operation. Such a situation can z. B. occur when the to the circuits 7 . 15 . 23 . 27 and or 31 connected buffers 94 in 8th contains no temperature change device, as these in a separate memory 1 is included and in this case it is not necessary to keep in the memory in the lower third cool temperatures.

The valves 53 . 54 . 57 and 58 are always controlled by the control unit so that depending on the current temperatures in the heat exchangers can make optimal use of thermal energy.

Examples of a heat exchanger 50 With outlet temperatures in the range between 0 and 15 ° C can also be versions that use wastewater between 0 ° C and 20 ° C in order to achieve a corresponding thermal recovery of the thermal energy contained therein. In addition to the already mentioned cistern come here also heat exchangers in question, the z. B. laid in the ground are similar to collector fields in brine-to-water heat pumps according to SdT (2) or laid as a heat exchanger under the house according to SdT (15).

As examples of a heat exchanger 49 with starting temperatures between 5 and 30 ° C and such embodiments may be mentioned, the wastewater, for example,> 20 ° C use and recover the thermal energy contained. This can be, for example, bath water or rinse water or the like. In addition, such heat exchangers 49 in large laundries, hotels or the like are preferably used, since there is very much such warm wastewater drops. In addition, they can extract thermal energy from the environment at temperatures> 20 ° C. Especially in the case of a hotel with additional large buffer storage 71 ( 5 ), it makes sense via the electronic control to ensure that z. B. in the morning, where usually incurred much warm shower wastewater, the "small" buffer memory 1 to prepare for this situation and to prepare the temperature stratification over the temperature change device so that this regularly and according to the allocation plan times more or less strongly accumulating amount of hot tap water is optimally used. In contrast to a residential building, it could be useful in this case, the heat exchanger 49 directly to connect to the large buffer memory with one or more further temperature change devices located therein.

Examples of an air-liquid heat exchanger 49 can be versions that absorb heat from the ambient air with high efficiency and return it to a liquid medium. This can be z. B. be realized by integration of a pipeline system in roof tiles, which are in good contact with the outside air via air currents, and in which a suitable liquid medium circulates. The tiles are preferably designed as modules that can be assembled like Lego bricks, which during assembly, the piping systems are interconnected so that the medium can circulate in a closed circuit. The efficiency of the heat input from the ambient air into the liquid medium can, for. B. be increased by the material of the roof tiles thermally conductive fillers such. As metals, especially copper are added. Another example of a heat exchanger 49 , the mean output temperatures in the range 10 produced to 30 ° C, is an air-to-air heat exchanger or air-liquid heat exchanger for recovering energy from indoor air such. B. in room ventilation systems. In the case of air heat pumps, this energy z. For example, to preheat the outside air, see SdT (6).

It is preferably provided that the water supply system 43 also a not shown air conditioning 67 ( 5 ) having. This is also a cycle 68 with the cache 1 , then in particular via near-bottom feed and discharge openings of the buffer memory 1 , or with the big cache 71 connected. The coupling takes place in particular in the lower medium range 37 of the buffer memory 1 in which the liquid medium 4 has cooled accordingly. Preferably, this liquid medium also circulates 4 in the cycle 68 or - if you want to do without your own cycle - in the cycle 23 the space heating 72 ,

Embodiments with at least two buffers, such as the buffer memory 1 and 71 , are called buffer storage devices 81 designated.

• (A) Der Pufferspeicher 1 der Wasserversorgungsanlage 43 ist mit warmem Wasser gefüllt. Eine solche Situation kann sich im Sommer – bei hohen Umgebungstemperaturen und starker Sonneneinstrahlung – bereits nach wenigen Betriebsstunden der Solaranlage 16 ergeben. Um ein Überhitzen des Wassers im Pufferspeicher 1 der Wasserversorgungsanlage 43 zu vermeiden muss die Solaranlage 16 abgeschaltet werden, was zur Folge hat, dass einfallende Sonnenenergie nicht mehr genutzt werden kann. Existiert jedoch ein zweiter, großer Pufferspeicher 71, so kann durch Inbetriebnahme der Pumpen 82 und 84 gleichzeitig heißes Wasser vom Pufferspeicher 1 in den Pufferspeicher 71 und kaltes Wasser vom Pufferspeicher 71 in den Pufferspeicher 1 überführt werden. Während die Einspeisung des warmen Wassers in den Pufferspeicher 71 in bevorzugter Form in den oberen Bereich erfolgt, erfolgt die Einspeisung von kaltem Wasser in den Pufferspeicher 1 bevorzugt in den unteren Bereich. Durch diese Beschaltung wird der Pufferspeicher 71 von oben her mit warmem Wasser gefüllt und damit optimal geschichtet. Durch das Befüllen des Pufferspeichers 1 mit kaltem Wasser im unteren Bereich erfolgt eine optimale Schichtung und gleichzeitig eine Regeneration der Solaranlage 16, insbesondere dann, wenn zum Einkoppeln der Wärme eine Wärmetauscherspirale 21 (2) verwendet wird. Durch die Einspeisung von kaltem Wasser in den Pufferspeicher 1 wird zudem erreicht, dass im unteren Bereich des Pufferspeichers 1, insbesondere in dem Mediumbereich 37, wo kaltes Wasser zum Betreiben der Klimaanlage 67 über die Raumheizungsanlage 72 entnommen wird (siehe 4), ausreichend kaltes Wasser zur Verfügung steht, welches somit nicht über die Temperaturveränderungs-Vorrichtung erzeugt werden muss. Damit werden zwei Vorteile erreicht: Die Solaranlage 16 kann ohne Zwangsabschaltung weiter betrieben werden und dabei den Pufferspeicher 71 weiter aufheizen und die Klimatisierung ist möglich, ohne dass dabei die Temperaturveränderungs-Vorrichtung in Betrieb genommen werden müsste, um kaltes Wasser im Entnahmebereich für den Kreislauf 23 zu erzeugen. Die einzigen elektrischen Verbraucher im System sind die Pumpen 82 bis 84, die zweckmäßigerweise über PV-Energie bereitgestellt wird.
• (B) Der Pufferspeicher 1 wäre leer, wenn er nicht über die Temperaturveränderungs-Vorrichtung im oberen Mediumbereich 38 aufgeheizt und im unteren Mediumbereich 37 abgekühlt werden würde. Diese Situation ist typisch für die Heizperiode und kann leicht über die Steuereinheit identifiziert werden, z. B. über Auswertung des Datums und der Außentemperatur. In diesem Fall erfolgt ein umgekehrter Betrieb der Pumpen 82 bis 84: Während über Pumpe 82 warmes Wasser aus dem oberen Bereich des Pufferspeichers 71 in den oberen Bereich des Pufferspeichers 1 gepumpt wird kann über die Pumpe 83 mittelwarmes Wasser des Pufferspeichers 1 in den mittleren Bereich des Pufferspeichers 71 gepumpt werden bzw. kaltes Wasser vom Pufferspeicher 1 in den unteren Bereich des Pufferspeichers 71 gepumpt werden. Insbesondere im letzten Fall erfolgt eine Regeneration des Pufferspeichers 71, der somit wieder auf den Sommer vorbereitet wird, wo kaltes Wasser für die Raumklimatisierung vorrätig sein sollte. Ob Pumpe 83 oder 84 anspricht entscheidet die Steuerung, in der alle Informationen über Jahreszeit, gespeicherter Restwärme im Pufferspeicher 71 und voraussichtlich noch benötigter Wärme in der laufenden Heizperiode ermittelt werden. Es sei angemerkt, dass die beschriebene Ausführungsform des Mediumflusses zwischen den beiden Speichern 1 und 71 über lediglich drei Leitungen nur beispielhaft ist. So wäre z. B. auch denkbar, dass sowohl Entnahme als auch Einspeisung von warmen bzw. kaltem Medium über mehr als drei Einlass- und Auslasssysteme erfolgen kann. Dies kann – wie oben beschrieben – sowohl über eine Vielzahl von Ein- und Auslasssystemen erfolgen, die außerhalb der Speicher 1 und 71 verlaufen, und die über Ventile ansteuerbar sind, oder aber über ein kontinuierlich höhenverstellbares System erfolgen, welches innerhalb der Speicher 1 und 71 verläuft, wobei das Medium dann sehr ortsspezifisch, d. h. mit sehr geringem Temperaturunterschied zur Temperatur im Speicher 1 und 71, eingespeist werden kann. Es kann zudem auch vorgesehen sein, dass der Pufferspeicher 71 als Erdspeicher ausgebildet und angeordnet ist.

It is preferably provided that the first buffer memory 1 and the second buffer memory 71 over three piping systems according to the lines 69a . 70a and 73a with one pump each 82 . 83 . 84 keep in touch. The administration 69a leads to the opening 69 , The administration 70a to the opening 70 and the line 73a to an opening 73 of the buffer memory 1 , Depending on the weather and seasonal operating conditions of the water supply system 43 The following situations will occur.

• (A) The buffer memory 1 the water supply system 43 is filled with warm water. Such a situation can in summer - at high ambient temperatures and strong sunlight - after a few hours of operation of the solar system 16 result. To overheat the water in the buffer tank 1 the water supply system 43 to avoid the solar system 16 be turned off, with the result that incident solar energy can no longer be used. However, there is a second, large buffer memory 71 , so by commissioning the pumps 82 and 84 at the same time hot water from the cache 1 in the cache 71 and cold water from the cache 71 in the cache 1 be transferred. While feeding the warm water into the cache 71 takes place in a preferred form in the upper region, the feeding of cold water takes place in the buffer memory 1 preferably in the lower area. By this wiring, the buffer memory 71 filled from above with warm water and thus optimally layered. By filling the buffer tank 1 with cold water in the lower area is an optimal stratification and at the same time a regeneration of the solar system 16 , Especially when for coupling the heat, a heat exchange coil 21 ( 2 ) is used. By feeding cold water into the buffer tank 1 It also achieves that in the lower part of the buffer tank 1 , especially in the medium area 37 where cold water to operate the air conditioning 67 over the space heating system 72 is removed (see 4 ), sufficiently cold water is available, which therefore does not have to be generated by the temperature change device. This achieves two advantages: The solar system 16 can be operated without forced shutdown while the buffer memory 71 continue to heat up and the air conditioning is possible without the temperature change device would have to be put into operation to cold water in the removal area for the circuit 23 to create. The only electrical consumers in the system are the pumps 82 to 84 which is expediently provided via PV energy.
• (B) The buffer memory 1 would be empty if he did not have the temperature change device in the upper medium range 38 heated and in the lower medium range 37 would be cooled. This situation is typical of the heating season and can be easily identified by the control unit, e.g. B. on evaluation of the date and the outside temperature. In this case, the pumps are reversed 82 to 84 : While over pump 82 warm water from the upper area of the buffer tank 71 in the upper area of the buffer tank 1 can be pumped through the pump 83 medium warm water of the buffer tank 1 in the middle area of the buffer tank 71 be pumped or cold water from the buffer memory 1 in the lower area of the buffer tank 71 be pumped. In particular, in the last case, there is a regeneration of the buffer memory 71 , which is thus prepared again for the summer, where cold water for the air conditioning should be in stock. Whether pump 83 or 84 The control decides in which all information about season, stored residual heat in cache decides 71 and probably still required heat in the current heating period are determined. It should be noted that the described embodiment of the medium flow between the two memories 1 and 71 is merely exemplary over only three lines. So z. B. also conceivable that both removal and feeding of hot or cold medium can be done via more than three inlet and outlet systems. This can be done - as described above - both via a variety of inlet and outlet systems that outside the memory 1 and 71 run, and which are controllable via valves, or via a continuously height-adjustable system, which is within the memory 1 and 71 runs, the medium then very site-specific, ie with very little temperature difference to the temperature in the memory 1 and 71 , can be fed. It can also be provided that the buffer memory 71 is designed and arranged as a Erdspeicher.

The size of the solar system 16 , the maximum power of the temperature change device as well as the size of the buffer memory 71 are so coordinated that in the course of a summer the buffer memory 71 can be filled with warm water and the stored heat is sufficient to the heating circuit 23 for space heating 72 be able to supply enough warm water during the heating season.

In 6 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of a water supply system 43 shown. This is analogous to the embodiment in 3 exemplified. This particular with regard to the buffer memory 1 , the solar device 16 and the number of exemplary heat exchangers 49 and 50 , As in the presentation according to 6 can be seen, is a buffer external cycle 15 provided in which the solar device 16 and the heat exchangers 49 and 50 are connected and connected to a corresponding line system. The circulation 15 is here with the already in 3 shown and in 1 explained near the bottom feed and discharge openings, so that it in the lower medium area 37 empties.

In contrast to the interconnection of the heat exchangers 49 and 50 and the solar device 16 in 3 is in the embodiment according to 6 an alternative is provided. As can be seen, a plurality of parallel and in series to be switched lines and bypasses are formed, wherein in the lines valves 86 . 87 . 88 . 89 . 90 . 91 . 92 and 93 are switched.

In addition, a pump 85 that also in the example in 3 is provided, provided by means of which the circulation of the in the circulation 15 located medium, which in particular the medium 4 in the interior volume 3 of the buffer memory 1 is, can be promoted.

With regard to the manifold controls of said valves 86 to 93 and the associated large number of control scenarios for coupling the heat exchangers 49 and 50 as well as the solar device 16 be in this context on the table in 7 directed. There are in the columns the valves 86 to 93 indicated by the numeral "1", the open state of the respective valve, by the numeral "0", the closed state of the respective valve and the numeral "2", a state of a valve, in which it may be open or closed , In addition, in the table according to 7 indicated which heat exchanger 49 . 50 and the solar device 16 are in operation, in each case indicated in the associated lines, which of the valves are open or closed or can be open or closed. For example, this means that according to the first line, only the heat exchanger 50 in the cycle 15 is switched so that the circulating medium only through this heat exchanger 50 is passed and then back into the buffer memory 1 is promoted back. For this purpose, as shown in the table in 7 provided that the valves 86 . 90 and 93 open, the valves 87 to 89 such as 92 are closed and that valve 91 can be open or closed. The further explanations are analogous, so that, for example, in the last line both the solar device 16 as well as the heat exchangers 49 and 50 are connected in series and the circulating medium is also passed over all three units. These are the valves 86 . 89 and 91 opened and all other valves closed. Unlike the example in 3 it is gem. 6 no longer necessary that the temperatures at the exits of the heat exchangers in the order 50 - 49 - 16 increase what a more flexible operation of the building external heat exchanger system 59 allows.

In 8th is another embodiment of a water supply system 43 shown. In this embodiment, the water supply system includes 43 again a buffer storage device 81 with at least two separate buffers. In this embodiment, it is provided that the buffer memory 1 , in which at least one temperature-changing device is arranged with at least partial components, in particular the heat-exchanging components, with its feed and discharge openings otherwise to the previous embodiments, as in 1 . 3 and 6 were designed.

In this embodiment, it is provided that the buffer memory 1 at least with two temperature change devices in the form of refrigerators 391 and 392 is trained. These are designed with the already explained embodiments of the temperature change devices in the other embodiments, component-specific analog. This means that even these chillers 391 and 392 Cooling modules and heating modules and a compressor have. Again, it may be provided that the complete integration of all components of the chillers 391 and 392 in the buffer memory 1 is provided. Preferably, here is a control unit, which is also provided in all other embodiments of the water supply system 43 includes, by means of the operation of the chillers 391 and 392 is controllable. In this case, control scenarios can be provided, in which only one of the chillers 391 or 392 is operated. However, it can also be provided that both chillers 391 and 392 operated together. In particular, they are as shown in FIG 1 also cascaded and thus operated in series. As shown in 8th they are in terms of their positional arrangement in the vertical direction of the buffer memory 1 considered arranged at different height levels. In particular, they also have different refrigerant circuits with different refrigerants. For this it is envisaged that the first chiller 391 designed to set temperatures between -10 ° C and + 25 ° C. The second chiller 392 is designed to be temperature adjustable between 25 ° C and 65 ° C.

In particular, in this embodiment, the buffer memory device 1 provided that the buffer memory 1 not directly with the circuits 23 . 27 . 31 connected is. In addition, this buffer is 1 also not directly with the circuits for a service water system with domestic water module 44 and not with a circuit for the air conditioning 67 directly connected.

In particular, it is provided in this embodiment that the buffer memory 1 in a cycle 15 ' is switched, with another buffer 94 connected is. Advantageously, this is another buffer memory 94 according to the embodiments in 1 . 2 . 3 and 6 formed, but without the temperature change device explained there in each case. This means that this further larger buffer 94 then the one with whom the above circuits 23 . 27 . 31 and the circuits for connection to the service water module 44 and air conditioning 67 is trained. In the context of this functionality and design, the explanation in the 1 to 3 and 6 analogous to the embodiment in 8th for the cache 94 ,

In the buffer memory device shown here 81 in 8th is provided that the buffer memory 1 smaller than the buffer memory 94 ,

The circulation 15 ' which is external to the further buffer memory 94 is formed, has a multi-branched piping system.

For integration of the buffer memory 1 in this cycle 15 ' this has a feed opening 95 on. Preferably, this is designed to be adjustable in its vertical height, which by the exemplary and symbolically represented position change device 96 is indicated.

In addition, the buffer includes 1 in the embodiment shown, a first discharge opening 97 in a lower volume range, in particular in a lower third and in particular very close to the bottom of the inner volume 3 of the buffer memory 1 is trained. About this first discharge opening 97 is a connection to a heat exchanger device, which in the exemplary embodiment, the solar device 16 is to provide.

The solar device 16 moreover also has a discharge opening to which a conduit is connected, which in a junction 98 empties. At this junction 98 is the conduit system of the circuit 15 ' designed so that the liquid medium coming from the solar device 16 comes, over a valve 99 and a corresponding line to the feed opening 95 of the buffer memory 1 can be directed. Likewise, however, it can also be provided that the liquid medium is in place 98 depending on the then having temperature of the medium not to the feed opening 95 but in another valve 100 to the feed opening 11 of the buffer memory 94 is routed and thus into the buffer memory 94 is passed, wherein the heat of the medium via a in the buffer memory 94 located heat exchanger coil 21 is delivered.

The cache 1 also includes a second delivery port 101 , Which is arranged in terms of their altitude in an upper third, in particular close to the ceiling. Also to this discharge opening 101 connects a line downstream of the valve 100 and thus also downstream of the site 98 at one point 102 in the to the feed opening 11 of the second buffer memory 94 leading line opens. In this with the second discharge opening 101 connected line is another valve 103 connected. In addition, in the from the delivery opening 18 wegmündenden line another valve 104 connected.

It should be noted that the configuration of the buffer memory device 81 as shown in 8th also in the embodiment according to 5 can be arranged integrated. The big cache there 71 would then represent here in particular a third buffer memory. As a result, the in 1 shown buffer memory 1 through the in 8th shown buffer memory device 81 be replaced. Further explanations to 5 apply even if there the said buffer memory device 81 according to 8th is arranged. It should also be mentioned that the in 8th shown solar system 16 also by an external heat exchanger system 59 gem. 3 or 6 can be replaced.

8th shows a further embodiment of a water supply system according to the invention 43 in that, unlike the previous examples, the temperature change device is not in the buffer directly with the circuits 23 and or 27 and or 31 and / or with the air conditioning 67 and / or with the service water module 44 but in a second, smaller buffer memory 1 that with a larger cache 94 relating to media exchange. In the example shown, the buffer memory 94 a conventional storage tank with connection options for heating circuits, fireplace inserts, electric auxiliary heating and for domestic water heating. Into the cycle 15 ' , the former according to the cycle 15 in the other versions the connection of the solar system 16 was reserved, is now preferably the small buffer memory 1 integrated, the means of a conventional heat exchanger spiral the energy to the large buffer memory 94 can transfer.

Further drawn in 8th are a medium pump 85 , two digital valves 99 and 104 as well as two controllable valves 100 and 103 with which it is possible to drive a so-called large cycle and a so-called small cycle. During the big cycle mainly at higher temperatures at the output of the solar system 16 or in the upper area of the memory 1 is active, the "small cycle" is predominantly active in the case of low to medium temperatures at the output of the solar system 16 and especially if this temperature is lower than the temperature in the lower part of the store 94 , In both cases, one preferably controls at the input of the memory 94 built-in feed pump 85 the volume flow between the two memories 1 and 94 and the solar system 16 , where the volume flow of the solar system 16 and the memory 1 back to the store 94 in a preferred manner via the two controllable valves 100 and 103 is optimized.

Furthermore, it is provided in the example and in 8th to recognize that the temperature change device of two series-connected and self-sufficient working chillers 391 and 392 composed, which are arranged one above the other, wherein each chiller 391 and 392 is filled with its own, matched to the respective working temperature ranges work equipment. In the example, it is provided that the lower chiller 391 the temperature range from -10 to + 25 ° C and the upper chiller 392 covers the temperature range from +25 to + 65 ° C, resulting in a COP of 7.6 at a realistic η (wp) of 90%. By using three refrigerators connected in series, the COP could even be raised to values> 11, which means that from one kW of electrical energy, 11 kW of heat energy can be generated. This is 2-3 times better than conventional SdT # 2 and SdT # 3 heat pumps.

All embodiments may be combined into subcomponents with other embodiments or subcomponents thereof to form further embodiments, which are also included in the invention and are to be regarded as disclosed. This includes z. B. also a variant in which the buffer memory 1 in 8th in the lower area has another, not shown outlet opening, which via a valve with the room temperature control device 72 from 4 communicates. In this way, the functionality of the room air conditioning over the cycle 23 the space heater also in the version of a buffer storage device 81 according to 8th will be realized.

Claims (47)

Buffer memory ( 1 ) for receiving liquid medium ( 4 ), which at least one first feed opening ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 22 . 25 . 26 . 30 . 70 . 95 ) and at least one first discharge opening ( 9 . 18 . 24 . 29 . 33 . 34 . 69 . 97 . 101 ), wherein the medium ( 4 ) into the buffer memory ( 1 ) that a higher first medium range ( 38 ) has a first temperature value and a lower second medium region ( 37 ) has a second temperature value, characterized in that in the buffer memory ( 1 ) at least one temperature change device ( 39 . 391 . 392 ) at least in subcomponents ( 40 to 42 ) arranged in the buffer memory ( 1 ) introduced state of liquid medium ( 4 ) for the active temperature change of the liquid medium ( 4 ) is formed such that the first temperature value can be increased and / or the second temperature value can be lowered. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the buffer memory ( 1 ) to be introduced liquid medium ( 4 ) is introduced so that it along the vertical axis (A) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) has a temperature gradient in which the first temperature value is higher than the second temperature value. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the temperature change device is a chiller ( 39 . 391 . 392 ). Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature change device ( 39 . 391 . 392 ) works after the Carnot process. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the temperature change device ( 39 . 391 . 392 ) associated cooling module ( 40 ) for lowering the second temperature value in a lower half of an internal volume ( 3 ) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) and / or one of the temperature change device ( 39 . 391 . 392 ) associated heating module ( 41 ) for increasing the first temperature value in the internal volume ( 3 ) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) is arranged. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a compressor ( 42 ) the temperature change device ( 39 . 391 . 392 ) in the internal volume ( 3 ) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) is arranged. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a compressor ( 42 ) the temperature change device ( 39 . 391 . 392 ) outside the internal volume ( 3 ) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) is arranged. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the compressor ( 42 ) is arranged in an intermediate housing, in particular an intermediate housing filled at least in regions with liquid medium, wherein the intermediate housing in an installation recess of the inner volume ( 3 ) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) limiting housing ( 2 ), and in particular the inner volume of the intermediate housing of the inner volume ( 3 ) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) is separable. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one first feed opening ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 22 . 25 . 26 . 30 . 70 . 95 ) and / or at least a first dispensing opening ( 9 . 18 . 24 . 29 . 33 . 34 . 69 . 97 . 101 ) in the direction of the vertical axis (A) within the position of the second medium region ( 37 ) on the housing ( 2 ) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) are arranged. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one first feed opening ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 95 ) and the at least one first dispensing opening ( 18 . 97 ) with a solar device ( 16 ) are connected. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the solar device ( 16 ) into a cycle ( 15 ; 15 ' ), whose liquid solar medium is contact-free with the liquid medium ( 4 ) in the internal volume ( 3 ) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) in an interior volume ( 3 ) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) arranged heat exchanger ( 21 ) of the solar device ( 16 ) or in a circuit ( 15 . 15 ' ) can be coupled, in which the solar medium, the liquid medium ( 4 ). Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two, a common device ( 16 . 28 . 32 . 44 . 49 . 50 . 67 ) for thermal energy transfer to the liquid medium ( 4 ) in the buffer memory ( 1 ) associated first feed openings ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 22 . 25 . 26 . 30 . 70 . 95 ) are formed, which are arranged in the direction of the vertical axis (A) at different altitudes. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to claim 12, characterized in that the two first feed openings ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 22 . 25 . 26 . 30 . 70 . 95 ) with a common supply line ( 20 ) are connected. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to claim 13, characterized in that the supply line ( 20 ) in the internal volume ( 3 ) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) is arranged and with a Zuleitungsanfang to the housing wall of the buffer memory ( 1 ) opens. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to claim 13, characterized in that the supply line ( 20 outside of the housing ( 2 ) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) is arranged and two supply ends with the two first feed openings ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 22 . 25 . 26 . 30 . 70 . 95 ) are connected. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that at the at least two first feed openings ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 22 . 25 . 26 . 30 . 70 . 95 ) is arranged in each case a valve. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the position of at least one first feed opening ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 22 . 25 . 26 . 30 . 70 . 95 ) and / or at least one first dispensing opening ( 9 . 18 . 24 . 29 . 33 . 34 . 69 . 97 . 101 ) is changeable in the direction of the vertical axis (A). Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to claim 17, characterized in that the at least one first feed opening ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 22 . 25 . 26 . 30 . 70 . 95 ) is continuously displaceable, in particular by at least half the height of the inner volume ( 3 ) is displaceable. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one second feed opening ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 22 . 25 . 26 . 30 . 70 . 95 ) and at least one second dispensing opening ( 9 . 18 . 24 . 29 . 33 . 34 . 69 . 97 . 101 ) is trained. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to claim 19, characterized in that the at least one second feed opening ( 22 ) and the at least one second dispensing opening ( 24 ) with a space heater ( 72 ), which are used to heat a room of a building ( 63 ) is arranged in the room, are connected. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the position of at least one second feed opening ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 22 . 25 . 26 . 30 . 70 . 95 ) and / or at least one second dispensing opening ( 9 . 18 . 24 . 29 . 33 . 34 . 69 . 97 . 101 ) is changeable in the direction of the vertical axis (A). Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature change device ( 39 . 391 . 392 ) has an efficiency greater than 4, in particular greater than 6. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, that the liquid medium ( 4 ), in particular in the second medium range ( 37 ), freezing point-lowering additives, in particular salts and / or oils. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature in the second medium region ( 37 ) to values less than 5 ° C, in particular between 0 ° C and 4 ° C, is lowable. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two temperature change devices ( 39 . 391 . 392 ) are formed, which at least with sub-components in the buffer memory ( 1 ), in particular in its internal volume ( 3 ) are arranged, and the temperature change of the medium ( 4 ) can be coupled. Buffer memory ( 1 ) Claim 25, characterized in that the temperature change devices ( 39 . 391 . 392 ) are arranged so that they at different altitudes in the internal volume ( 3 ) of the buffer memory ( 1 ) on the medium ( 4 ) act thermally. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the temperature change devices ( 39 . 391 . 392 ) are connected in series. Buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a latent heat storage ( 80 ), in particular a PCM material having latent heat storage ( 80 ), which in particular in an upper third of the inner volume ( 3 ) is arranged. Buffer memory device ( 81 ) with at least one buffer memory ( 1 . 71 . 94 ), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, and at least one temperature change device ( 39 . 391 . 392 ), which with the buffer memory ( 1 . 71 . 94 ) is thermally coupled. Buffer memory device ( 81 ) according to claim 29, characterized in that the buffer memory ( 1 ) with the at least one temperature change device ( 39 . 391 . 392 ) in a cycle ( 15 ' ), which, with at least one second buffer memory ( 71 . 94 ) is coupled to the medium exchange, in particular only with one or more further buffer memories ( 71 . 94 ) is coupled. Buffer memory device ( 81 ) according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that in the circuit ( 15 ' ) at least one heat exchanger device, in particular a solar device ( 16 ), is switched. Buffer memory device ( 81 ) according to one of claims 29 to 31, characterized in that the circuit ( 15 ' ) with at least one Inlet opening ( 11 ) and at least one discharge opening ( 18 ) of the second buffer memory ( 94 ), these openings ( 11 . 18 ) in a lower third, in particular close to the ground, of the inner volume ( 3 ) of the buffer memory ( 94 ) are arranged. Buffer memory device ( 81 ) according to one of claims 29 to 32, characterized in that the second buffer memory ( 94 ) directly with a circuit ( 7 . 23 . 27 . 31 ) for a domestic water module ( 44 ) and / or a space heating ( 72 ) and / or a heating system ( 28 ) and / or a water-bearing oven ( 32 ) and / or an air conditioner ( 67 ) connected is. Buffer memory device ( 81 ) according to one of the preceding claims 29 to 33, characterized in that the circuit ( 15 ' ) at least one branch point ( 98 ), in which that of the heat exchanger device, in particular the solar device ( 16 ), incoming liquid medium, in particular depending on the temperature of the medium, back into the first buffer memory ( 1 ) or in the second buffer memory ( 94 ) is conductive. Buffer memory device ( 81 ) according to one of claims 29 to 34, characterized in that a further buffer memory ( 71 ) provided with the at least first buffer memory ( 1 ), whereby the further buffer memory ( 71 ) is designed as a large storage memory, is arranged in particular underground. Buffer memory device ( 81 ) according to claim 35, characterized in that the further buffer memory ( 71 ) via several separate line connections ( 69 . 70 . 73 ) with the first buffer memory ( 1 ) is connected to the medium exchange, wherein the line connections ( 69 . 70 . 73 ) at different altitudes in the buffer memory ( 1 . 71 ). Water supply system ( 43 ) for a building ( 63 ), which at least one buffer memory ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 28 and / or a buffer memory device ( 81 ) according to one of claims 29 to 36. Water supply system ( 43 ) according to claim 37, wherein at least two separate, liquid medium ( 4 ) heating devices ( 16 . 28 . 32 . 44 . 49 . 50 . 67 ) for thermal energy transfer to the liquid medium ( 4 ) in the buffer memory ( 1 ), in particular an external building system ( 59 ) of heat exchangers, with a first feed opening ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 22 . 25 . 26 . 30 . 95 ) and a first discharge opening ( 9 . 18 . 24 . 29 . 33 . 34 . 69 . 97 . 101 ) are connected. Water supply system ( 43 ) according to claim 38, in which the facilities ( 16 . 49 . 50 ) through a circuit ( 15 ) which is bypassed ( 51 . 52 ), so that the facilities ( 16 . 49 . 50 ) can be coupled in series or at least one device ( 49 . 50 ) can be decoupled. Water supply system ( 43 ) according to claim 38 or 39, in which a device comprises a buffer-external heat exchanger ( 49 . 50 ). Water supply system ( 43 ) according to one of claims 38 to 40, in which the buffer memory ( 1 . 94 ) Feed-in openings ( 6 . 11 to 14 . 22 . 25 . 26 . 30 ) and delivery openings ( 9 . 18 . 24 . 29 . 33 . 34 . 69 ) for a medium-carrying in the building ( 63 ) arranged furnace ( 32 ) and / or a solar device ( 16 ) and / or a heating system ( 28 ) and / or a room heater ( 24 ) and / or air conditioning ( 67 ) and a discharge opening ( 9 . 18 . 24 . 29 . 33 . 34 ) for a domestic water module ( 44 ) having. Water supply system ( 43 ) according to one of claims 38 to 41, in which a first buffer memory ( 1 ) with a separate second buffer memory ( 71 . 94 ) is connected to the medium exchange. Water supply system ( 43 ) according to claim 42, wherein the second buffer memory ( 71 . 94 ) larger in volume, in particular much larger, than the first buffer memory ( 1 ), in particular a volume greater than 20 m ³ , has. Water supply system according to claim 42 or 43, wherein at the first buffer memory ( 1 ) a discharge opening ( 69 ) is formed, which via a line with the second buffer memory ( 71 ) and which in the direction of the vertical axis (A) of the first buffer memory ( 1 ) above a dispensing opening ( 9 ) for a domestic water module ( 44 ) is arranged. Water supply system ( 43 ) according to one of claims 42 to 44, in which at the first buffer memory ( 1 ) an entry port ( 70 ) is formed, which via a line with the second buffer memory ( 71 ) and which in the direction of the vertical axis (A) of the first buffer memory ( 1 ) under an inlet ( 22 ) for a cycle ( 23 ) at least one radiator ( 72 ) is arranged. Water supply system ( 43 ) according to claim 42 or 43, wherein the first buffer memory ( 1 ) only delivery openings ( 97 . 101 ) having a circuit ( 15 ' ) connected to the second buffer memory ( 94 ) connected is. Water supply system ( 43 ) according to one of claims 37 to 46, which a control unit at least for controlling the components of the buffer memory ( 1 ) and / or the buffer memory device ( 81 ) having.

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