DE102008006127A1 - Multi-shell semi-finished component - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-shell semi-finished component for building structures. At least two formwork elements (2 and 3) consist of hardenable casting compound, which is reinforced with reinforcing fibers (5). By means of spacers (4), which are anchored by pressure, tension and shear and anchored in the casting compound of the formwork elements (2, 3), the formwork elements (2, 3) are fixed at a parallel distance from each other, so that a stable wall (1) is formed.

Description

The The present invention relates to a multi-shell semi-finished component for the construction of buildings according to the preamble of claim 1. Under Schalelement should in the following any kind be understood by disc-like component, which in the sense the invention for creating a wall, a ceiling or a floor suitable is.

Out In practice and from the literature is a variety of semi-finished components and methods for their preparation known.

From the DE 2 144 523 A1 a component is known, which consists of a frame on which a resin concrete formwork element is arranged as a visible formwork surface and in which further auxiliary formwork elements, for. B. are provided from wood fiber cement panels for supporting the Sichtschalungselements.

Prefabricated components are increasingly used in the construction of buildings used to save material, time and ultimately costs.

It is known for example from practice, building basement by means of a formwork, which is created on site, with in-situ concrete to fill up, that is, the concrete is to the Transported site and filled there in the erected formwork.

A Another solution is to make the basement of prefabricated concrete parts manufacture. As the corresponding concrete precast but a high Having weight, therefore, are already complex in the Kellerbau Lifting equipment such as cranes and the like required.

Of the The present invention is therefore the object of the prefabricated building to promote the manufacture of structures and improve, while the material cost and the required equipment of the construction site as low as possible hold.

These The object is a component with the features of claim 1 solved.

The Advantages of the component according to the invention are especially in that the wall thickness can be low, that sufficient inherent stability is present and that through the pressure-, tension- and shear-resistant connection of two formwork elements good handling and best transport available are heavy equipment without moving the components must be on the construction site.

Especially advantageous is a multi-shell semi-finished component for creating of buildings in which at least two are substantially parallel to each other spaced-apart formwork element are provided which through each other Spacers are connected, if at least one of the formwork elements made of reinforcing fibers reinforced curable casting exists, and if at least one spacer designed so and anchored in the formwork elements that he train-pressure and Shear forces can absorb.

Further is a multi-shell semi-finished building construction component advantageous if at least two or more formwork elements provided which are made of fiber-reinforced curable casting compound, preferably reinforced with reinforcing fibers Concrete exist.

One Another advantage is a multi-shell semi-finished component to create buildings in that by the essentially mutually spaced Schalele elements formed a space is, and that in the space between the shell elements at least one Reinforcement element arranged parallel to the formwork elements is.

Furthermore is a multi-shell semi-finished building construction component then advantageous if in space between the substantially parallel at least one parallel to The insulating elements disposed arranged the switching elements.

Further it is advantageous if the multi-shell semi-finished component in optionally coated with a layer of silicate material is. This material is excellently suited to fire protection to improve, because the silicate layer reacts when heated.

One multi-shell semi-finished component for creating structures is even with advantages if in the space between the substantially parallel at least one parallel to the outer shell elements arranged inner Schalelement is present.

About that In addition, a multi-shell semi-finished component for creating Structures then advantageous if in space between the essentially mutually parallel outer shell elements any combination of reinforcing elements, insulating elements and inner shell elements is present.

A favorable design has a multi-shell semi-finished component for creating buildings when at least one of the resulting interstices between the parallel elements is pourable with a curable molding compound.

Further is a multi-shell semi-finished building construction component advantageous if it as a wall, ceiling or floor element of a Structure is formed.

Very a multi-shell semi-finished component can be favorably obtained designed to create buildings, if the at least one Spacer by a flat element with wave-shaped cross-section is formed.

Very It is also advantageous if a multi-shell semi-finished component to construct buildings has a spacer, which is extending in a plane that is perpendicular between the parallel to each other arranged scarf elements runs, wherein the parallel mutually arranged shell elements facing outer edges of the spacer in its hardenable casting compound can be anchored.

Further it can be of great advantage in fires if the reinforced with reinforcing fibers, curable Casting compound added swelling silicate material is. Particularly suitable is an intumescent silicate material in the form of silicate granules or silicate microspheres. Other admixtures However, they are just as conceivable and feasible.

The Layer of silicate material can be applied as an insulating layer but it can also be on the outside surfaces the formwork elements already at the factory or by subsequent Be applied coating.

With Help of embodiments in wall components is intended the invention even closer to the drawings be explained.

It shows

1 a bivalve wall with spacers;

2 a bivalve wall with spacers and internal reinforcements;

3 a bivalve wall with spacers and internal insulation;

4 a double-skin wall with spacers, internal reinforcements and insulation;

5 a multi-walled wall with spacers;

6 a multi - walled wall with spacers and filling and

7 a multi-walled wall with spacers, filling and insulation.

An in 1 illustrated wall shows the basic construction of the present invention. It is denoted by the reference numeral 1 called the entire wall. The reference number 2 stands for a first formwork element and a second formwork element is with 3 designated. With the reference number 4 are spacers referred to in the formwork elements 2 and 3 anchored to fix them substantially parallel to each other and the entire wall 1 stabilize because they are formed pressure, tensile and shear resistant. By the with spacers 4 connected formwork elements 2 and 3 a room R is formed. The spacers 4 have a substantially wave-shaped cross section and are in the not previously published patent application DE 10 2007 014 366.6-25 the applicant described in more detail.

The two formwork elements 2 and 3 consist of hardenable casting compound which by reinforcing fibers 5 reinforced, preferably made of fiber-reinforced concrete. The reinforcing fibers 5 can be of any nature and are preferably made of corrosion and tear resistant fibers, which the shell elements 2 and 3 give adequate breaking strength, elasticity, toughness and the like. A reinforcement of the individual formwork elements 2 and 3 each with coherent rebar such as steel mesh, bar steel and the like can be omitted, since this task of the reinforcing fibers 5 is taken over. The wall thickness of the formwork elements 2 and 3 can be considerably reduced for this reason, since the otherwise required for corrosion reasons, for example, minimum distances of the reinforcing bars from the surfaces of the formwork elements 2 and 3 omitted.

To improve the fire protection can with reinforcing fibers 5 reinforced, hardenable casting mass silicate material are added, which inflates under heat. The admixture can take place in the form of silicate granules, silicate spheres or in another form.

Silicate materials can also work by other methods with the formwork elements get connected. For example, a layer of silicate material may by attaching silicate plates or by coating, optionally also be applied by painting, what for all embodiments applies.

Furthermore, the individual formwork elements 2 and 3 have different dimensions. In 1 is the inside of the building to be created facing interior formwork element 3 less high than the outer shell element 2 , This design is chosen because during assembly of the building on the wall 1 an indicated ceiling element 6 should be launched. The ceiling element can be designed in the same design as the wall according to the invention 1 and protrudes with its outer dimensions to the inner surface of the outer shell element 2 , On the inner shell element 3 it lies on its upper edge.

The wall 1 or the ceiling element 6 in this basic design as a double wall can be fully prefabricated in manufacturing. It is due to the small wall thicknesses relatively easy and can therefore be transported to the construction site without heavy equipment and handled there also relatively easy. The spacers 4 make the wall due to their compressive, tensile and shear strength 1 also easy to transport, because the finished walls 1 can be stacked on top of each other and / or transported upright, which is not readily possible with other wall elements according to the prior art. When transporting from the manufacturing plant to the construction site with means of transport such as trucks or the like, unpredictable strong delays may occur due to unintentional braking maneuvers. The walls of the invention 1 keep their stability in such maneuvers because the spacers 4 have the necessary compressive shear strength for such cases and the reinforcing fibers 5 ensure the necessary stability of the individual formwork elements 2 and 3 , Experiments with conventional, manufactured according to the prior art double walls have shown, however, that in stacked double walls with sharp braking the spacers are buckled and the transported double walls were unusable. The walls of the invention 1 As such, they are already stable enough to be installed further.

The wall 1 can therefore be prefabricated cost-effectively in large quantities in the factory and transported without risk of damage to the individual construction sites. The cost savings is enormous, because the material cost of casting material is lower than conventional wall thicknesses, the cost of reinforcing steel mesh, steel bars and the like. Eliminated, and the universal prefabrication option and the low handling and transport costs are particularly cost-effective.

Advantageous is it, these semi-finished components according to the plans modular construction of the building in the factory. Thereby is a profitable quantity to achieve and only for the manufacture of certain special sizes must be carried out by the series production deviating measures are taken.

The space R of the semi-finished components so produced as the wall 1 or the ceiling element 6 can be poured out on site with so-called in-situ concrete, but it can also be filled with any type of suitable material or remain completely or partially empty. If fire protection is desired, silicate material can be processed very advantageously.

In 2 a variant of the semi-finished component according to the invention is illustrated. A wall - here with 21 designated - has the same as the wall 1 according to 1 over formwork elements 22 and 23 the hardenable fiber-reinforced casting compound, preferably with reinforcing fibers 25 consist of reinforced concrete, and in a by spacers 24 defined distance are arranged parallel to each other. This results between the formwork elements 22 and 23 a gap 2R , in which additional reinforcement in the form of reinforcing steel mats 27 and 28 is arranged. This gap 2R with the reinforcements 27 and 28 will later, after the transport of prefabricated in the factory wall 21 or ceiling or floor on the construction site, poured with in-situ concrete or other hardenable pouring or bulk material and it creates a solid wall 21 , Ceiling or floor. The with reinforcing fibers 25 reinforced formwork elements 22 and 23 can also be considered as so-called lost formwork in this embodiment, which, however, was prefabricated in the manufacturing plant, has sufficient inherent stability during transport and sufficient stability during pouring with in-situ concrete. Separate support elements against bulging of the formwork during filling are not required.

Another embodiment of a semi-finished component according to the invention 31 is in 3 shown. In principle, the embodiment shown corresponds to the basic design of a wall 31 according to the example 1 , At the wall 31 according to 3 are compared to the embodiment according to 1 the same or equivalent elements provided with the same reference numerals, which is preceded by the figure figuring as an index to distinguish. Incidentally, this also applies to the other figure descriptions. The wall 31 consists of formwork elements 32 and 33 , which in the manner already described of hardenable, fiber-reinforced casting compound, preferably with reinforcing fibers 35 consist of concrete. The two formwork elements 32 and 33 are together by spacers 34 connected and thereby largely fixed parallel to each other. When manufactured in the factory, an insulating layer 39 on the inner surface of one of the formwork elements 32 or 33 - Here on the inner surface of the later outer shell element 32 arranged. A remaining gap 3R between the insulating layer 39 and the inner surface of the shell element 33 can later be filled in on site with any material or remain completely or partially empty. If fire protection is desired, silicate material can be filled very advantageously.

In 4 is a variant of the semi-finished component according to the invention 41 shown which except two formwork elements 42 and 43 another isolation 49 and internal additional reinforcements 47 and 48 having. The formwork elements 42 and 43 in turn consist of fiber-reinforced, hardenable casting compound, preferably of concrete, which with reinforcing fibers 45 is reinforced. Pressure-, tension- and shear-proof spacers 44 fix the inner 43 and the outer shell element 42 in parallel position to each other and give the wall 41 sufficient inherent stability. On the inside of the outer shell element 42 is an insulation 49 appropriate, as they already have 3 has been described. In the interior 4R between the formwork elements 42 and 43 are - similar to already 2 has been described - mesh mats, bar steels or the like arranged. The interior reinforced in this way 4R is poured out at the construction site with hardenable casting compound, such as in-situ concrete. Thus, one obtains a load-bearing, insulated wall (also ceiling or floor) with the advantages already described for the other embodiments.

Another embodiment of a semi-finished component according to the invention is in 5 shown. A wall 51 (and / or ceiling and / or floor) consists in the constellation already described of two formwork elements 52 and 53 which by spacers 54 pressure-, tension- and shear-resistant are connected. These formwork elements 52 and 53 are - as already described to the other figures - made of hardenable fiber-reinforced casting compound, preferably made of reinforcing fibers 55 reinforced concrete produced in a manufacturing plant. The peculiarity of this embodiment is that between the shell elements 52 and 53 another formwork element 59 made of fiber-reinforced concrete or other curable casting material is arranged. This results in contrast to the variants already described between the outer and inner shell elements 52 and 53 two spaces 5R1 and 5R2 , which by the further Schalelement 59 are separated. The further formwork element 59 can, but does not have to consist of fiber-reinforced material.

In 6 is an additional variant of a wall according to the invention 61 and will be described below. Again the wall exists 61 essentially of two formwork elements 62 and 63 , which consist of fiber-reinforced casting compound such as concrete and pressure-resistant and shear-proof spacers 64 are connected together in two largely parallel planes. A third formwork element 69 lies in the room 6R between the inner shell element 63 and the outer shell element 62 and also consists of fiber-reinforced casting compound. The third formwork element 69 divides the gap 6R in two rooms 6R1 and 6R2 Each of them can be filled with any material. In the embodiment shown and described here is the space 6R1 with a filling 60 be filled with aerated concrete. In the filling 60 means may be provided which include pipe, manhole and / or channel elements which are in the manner of an installation matrix 601 in the filling 60 The second room can be pre-installed 6R2 can remain free or be filled with the same or different material. If fire protection is desired, silicate material can be filled very advantageously.

Finally, last but not least 7 an embodiment illustrate that a further variant of a wall according to the invention 71 (or ceiling or floor) is possible without departing from the spirit. An outer one 72 and an inner shell element 73 are again using pressure- and shear-resistant spacers 74 essentially parallel to each other and form a space between them 7R that of a third formwork element 79 in two subspaces 7R1 and 7R2 is divided. The formwork elements 72 . 73 and 79 are made of hardenable fiber-reinforced casting compound, for example with reinforcing fibers 75 made of reinforced concrete. In the one subspace 7R2 is on one of the inner surfaces - here the inner surface of the shell element 79 - an insulation 799 arranged. An area of the subspace 7R2 can remain free or be filled with any material. The second subspace 7R1 is filled with a material. This material can also be arbitrary. Within the scope of the invention, it is possible to use the subspace 7R1 also with reinforced concrete 70 fill in and in this way the stability of the wall 71 to increase.

1

Wall, as well: 21 ; 31 ; 41 ; 51 ; 61 ; 71

2

Schalelement, as well: 22 ; 32 ; 42 ; 52 ; 62 ; 72

3

Schalelement, as well: 23 ; 33 ; 43 ; 53 ; 63 ; 73

4

Spacer; as well: 24 ; 34 ; 44 ; 54 ; 64 ; 74

5

Reinforcing fibers, as well: 25 ; 35 ; 45 ; 55 ; 65 ; 75

6

ceiling element

27

Reinforcement, as well: 47 ;

28

Reinforcement, as well: 48 ;

39

Insulation, as well: 49 ; 799

59

Schalelement, as well: 69 ; 79

60

filling

601

matrix

70

concrete

R

Interspace, as well: 2R ; 3R ; 4R ; 5R . 5R1 . 5R2 ; 6R . 6R1 . 6R2 ; 7R . 7r1 . 7R2

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 2144523 A1 [0003]
• - DE 102007014366 [0032]

Claims (17)

Multi-shell semi-finished component for creating structures in which at least two substantially mutually parallel spaced shell element are provided, which are interconnected by spacers, characterized in that at least one of the shell elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ) made of reinforcing fibers ( 5 ; 25 ; 35 ; 45 ; 55 ; 65 ; 75 ) reinforced curable casting composition, and that at least one spacer ( 4 ; 24 ; 34 ; 44 ; 54 ; 64 ; 74 ) and in the formwork elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ) is anchored so that it can absorb tensile-compressive and shear forces. Multi-shell semi-finished building construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing fibers ( 5 ; 25 ; 35 ; 45 ; 55 ; 65 ; 75 ) reinforced, hardenable casting compound is added expandable silicate material. Multi-shell semi-finished component for creating Structures according to claim 2, characterized in that the inflatable Silicate material in the form of silicate granules, silicate spheres or added in another form. Multi-shell semi-finished building construction element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two or more formwork elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ), which are made of fiber-reinforced curable casting compound, preferably of reinforcing fibers ( 5 ; 25 ; 35 ; 45 ; 55 ; 65 ; 75 ) consist of reinforced concrete. Multi-shell semi-finished component for constructing structures according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by the substantially pa rallel spaced-apart formwork elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ) a space (R; 2R ; 3R ; 4R ; 5R . 5R1 . 5R2 ) and that in space ( 2R ) between the shell elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ) at least one parallel to the formwork elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ) arranged reinforcing element ( 27 . 28 ) is available. Multi-shell semi-finished building construction component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in space ( 3R ) between the substantially parallel to each other arranged scarf elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ) at least one parallel to the formwork elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ) arranged insulating element ( 39 ) is available. Multi-shell semi-finished building construction element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating element ( 39 ) may be formed as a fire protection element. Multi-shell semi-finished component for creating Structures according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fire protection element consists of silicate material. Multi-shell semi-finished building construction component according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in space ( 5R . 5R1 . 5R2 ) between the substantially parallel to each other arranged scarf elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ) at least one parallel to the outer shell elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ) arranged inner Schalelement ( 59 ) is available. Multi-shell semi-finished component for constructing structures according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the space (R; 2R ; 3R ; 4R ; 5R . 5R1 . 5R2 ; 6R . 6R1 . 6R2 ; 7R . 7R1 . 7R2 ) between the substantially parallel to each other outer shell elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ) any combination of reinforcing elements ( 27 . 28 ; 47 . 48 . 49 ), Insulating elements ( 39 ; 49 ; 799 ) and inner formwork elements ( 59 ; 69 ; 79 ) is available. Multi-shell semi-finished building construction element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the resulting gaps ( 6R1 ; 7R1 ) between the parallel circuit elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ) with a curable casting compound ( 60 ; 70 ) is pourable. Multi-shell semi-finished building construction element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used as a wall, ceiling or floor element ( 1 ; 21 ; 31 ; 41 ; 51 ; 61 ; 71 ) of a building is formed. Multi-shell semi-finished building construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one spacer ( 4 ; 24 ; 34 ; 44 ; 54 ; 64 ; 74 ) is formed by a planar element with a wave-shaped cross section. Multi-shell semi-finished building construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one spacer ( 4 ; 24 ; 34 ; 44 ; 54 ; 64 ; 74 ) extends in a plane which is perpendicular between the mutually parallel formwork elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ), wherein the mutually parallel switching elements ( 2 . 3 ; 22 . 23 ; 32 . 33 ; 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ; 62 . 63 ; 72 . 73 ) facing outer edges of the spacer ( 4 ; 24 ; 34 ; 44 ; 54 ; 64 ; 74 ) are anchored in the curable casting material. Multi-shell semi-finished building construction element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on at least one of the outer sides of the formwork elements ( 2 . 3 ) is a layer of silicate material. Multi-shell semi-finished component for creating Structures according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer of silicate material by Attaching silicate panels or by coating, too can be applied by painting. Multi-shell semi-finished structural member according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer of silicate material factory on the surface of the shell elements ( 2 . 3 ) is applied.