DE102007050442A1 - Radial turbine e.g. wind turbine, for use in e.g. car, has rotor blades aligned from and obliquely with respect to radius and with respect to tangential plane, and outer area angled sharply in direction of tangential plane - Google Patents

Abstract

The turbine has rotor blades (3) aligned parallel to a rotation axis. The rotor blades are aligned from a radial direction in a direction of a tangential plane and obliquely with respect to a radius and with respect to the tangential plane. An outer area (15) is angled sharply in the direction of the tangential plane, and an inner area (17) is angled in the direction of the radius. The rotor blades have three flat surfaces provided with bending edges (9, 18) and have a curved surface.

Description

The The invention relates to a wind turbine in the form of a radial turbine, with parallel to the rotation axis aligned rotor blades.

State of the art

The Betz's law comes from the German engineer Albert Betz (1885-1968). He first formulated it in 1919. Seven Years Later (1926) It appeared in his book "Wind Energy" (Albert Betz: Wind Energy and their use by windmills, ecobook, Staufen, unchanged Reprint from the year 1926).

The Law states that a wind turbine maximum 16/27 (that is almost 60 percent) of the translational energy contained in the wind can convert into rotational energy.

Of the British engineer F. Lanchester (1868-1946) already published similar considerations in 1915.

The quotient of the utilized wind power P _Nutz for the incoming wind power P ₀ is called the power coefficient c _P.

Betzscher performance coefficient

When wind flow (kinetic) energy is removed, the wind slows down. If the energy were removed completely, the air masses behind the plant would come to a standstill and would pile up and dodge before it, so that the mass flow through the plant and the power would be zero. (For this reason, Betz's law for small velocity ratios v ₂ / v ₁ loses its validity, because the law assumes that the wind velocity is in the rotor plane (v ₁ + v ₂ ) / 2) Although not braked, the mass flow would not decrease, but no energy would be taken, and the power would again be zero. The ideal case is somewhere in between.

Of the Performance coefficient is exclusive a function of deceleration. How this deceleration is done does not enter the calculation. In practice, high levels can be achieved However, perform performance coefficients only with buoyancy runners.

The greatest achievement let yourself so withdraw it when the wind is at 1/3 of its original Speed is slowed down.

Experiments are constantly being reported which purport to have received c _P > c _{P, Betz} . It can be assumed that because of the universality of the derivation, such an overcoming of the violation of the conservation law equals energy. A solution was only given by Betz himself: If the rotor modeled as a single 'actuator disk' was given a finite thickness, turbulent fluctuations across the main flow could now introduce additional energy between the front and rear disks.

This idea was elaborated by Loth and McCoy in 1983 in detail for a Darrieus rotor with a vertical axis of rotation. They received c _P ~ 0.62. However, this value has not been measured in any system so far.

Tries, to award a jacketed wind turbine an 'over-bet value' often at the wrong choice of the reference surface: instead of the rotor surface must now the largest 'forehead' area of the Plant, so in most cases the exit surface of the jacket or diffuser.

Executed rotors

Since the rotor losses are by far the largest losses of a wind turbine, all manufacturers work to achieve the highest possible power coefficients. Modern designed rotors achieve performance coefficients of c _P = 0.4 to 0.5, that is about 70% to 80% of the theoretically possible.

The invention has for its object to develop a wind turbine of the type mentioned ckeln, which exploits the wind energy much more effective than the known wind turbines.

These Task is according to the invention in the Wind turbine of the type mentioned solved in that the rotor blades from the radial direction in the direction of the tangential plane and oblique are aligned to the radius and the tangent plane and the outer area even stronger is angled in the direction of the tangent plane and in particular the inner area is angled in the direction of the radius.

advantageous Embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Further details and advantages of the invention will be described below with reference to the embodiments and Drawings closer explained.

in the The following is an embodiment the invention described in more detail with reference to drawings. Show it

1 the top view of a known wind turbine, z. B. an anemometer, according to the prior art, to explain the mode of action,

2 a plan view of a wind turbine with curved rotor blades and with the flow,

3 the wind turbine behind 2 in the case of flow both of the upper area of the windmill and of the lower area,

4 the wind turbine behind 2 in the case of flow only of the area above the axis of rotation,

5 the wind turbine behind 2 with incident flow only below the axis of rotation,

6 the turbine according to the invention in side view,

7 the turbine according to the invention 6 at a flow below the axis of rotation,

8th the flow conditions in the turbine according to the invention with flow both below and above the axis of rotation,

9 a representation of the turbine according to the invention with representation of the pressure conditions,

10 the flow conditions on a wing according to the prior art,

11 the flow conditions around a wing according to the prior art,

12 the flow conditions, forces and pressure conditions in the turbine according to the invention and

13 a further illustration of the pressure conditions in the wind turbine according to the invention, here with two bending edges of the rotor blades,

14 to 16 Further drawings to illustrate the operation of the wind turbine according to the invention.

In All drawings have the same reference numerals and therefore may only be explained once.

At the in 1 shown in side view anemometer, the rotation takes place about the axis of rotation 1 always clockwise, regardless of the direction of the incoming flow.

A correspondingly constructed wind turbine with also curved rotor blades is in side view in 2 shown. The flow direction of the air is also shown. In the flow shown, this wheel also rotates clockwise.

Will be accordingly 3 this wind turbine both in the tangential direction above and below the axis of rotation 1 as also directed centrally directed to the axis of rotation, so act different torques on this wind turbine. The flow above the axis of rotation and the centrally directed to the axis of rotation generate a torque in a clockwise direction. In contrast, the flow generates a counterclockwise torque below the axis of rotation, as graphically 3 evident.

With a flow only above the axis of rotation 1 corresponding 4 Thus, the wind turbine rotates clockwise and at a flow below the axis of rotation accordingly 5 counterclockwise.

The turbine according to the invention behaves differently, as with reference to 6 to 13 will be explained in more detail below.

6 shows a side view of the turbine according to the invention, wherein the elements shown except for the axis of rotation 1 plane sheets are aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. On the sides of the turbine are aluminum end plates 2 for fixing the rotor blades 3 and the centrally arranged axis of rotation 1 intended. The axis of rotation is in a ball bearing relative to the housing, so the end plates 2 and other, not shown housing parts stored.

The rotor blades 3 additionally have two kinked edges, namely a first Abknickkante 9 in the outer region of the rotor blade and a second Abknickkante 18 in the inner region of the rotor blade. Both kinked edges are parallel to the axis of rotation 1 , The outer area is around the first Abknickkante 9 bent in the direction of the tangential plane, ie opposite to the radial direction. The innermost area 17 the rotor blades 3 is about the second bending edge 18 bent in the direction of the radius, ie opposite to the tangential plane.

Important for the inventive effect is in particular the first Abknickkante 9 , The kinked innermost area around the second bending edge 18 additionally enhances this effect and is also essential to the invention.

If the turbine according to the invention corresponding 7 below the axis of rotation 1 with air 4 the turbine moves differently than a conventional turbine (cf. 5 ) not clockwise, but clockwise ( 7 ).

An explanation of this effect is provided by the 8th and 9 tries. The incoming air 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 bounces on the rotor blades 3 and is compressed and distributed by these, as are the arrows in 8th represent. Part of the air flow 4a . 5a is from the outside of the rotor blades 3 "Reflects", thereby giving an impulse to the turbine counterclockwise.

By far the greater part of the air flow is from the rotor blades 3 directed into the interior of the turbine and compressed there, so that there builds up in the interior of the turbine, an overpressure. This overpressure only occurs when the angle of attack of the rotor blade and its proportion to the turbine diameter are correct. In addition, the correct bending angle on the rotor blade must be optimized by its inclination. This optimization can be further optimized by one or more kinks. This additional optimization should be done on the basis of test series and their evaluations in order to achieve the highest efficiency in the adaptation. In conjunction with the centrifugal forces that form in the rotating turbine, the resulting overpressure inside the turbine exerts a force on the inside of the rotor blades 3 out. These forces are denoted by the reference numeral 8th characterized. They apply torque to the turbine in a clockwise direction. This torque is significantly greater than that of the reflected flow 4a . 5a applied, acting in the reverse direction torque. Therefore, the turbine rotates in a clockwise direction, even if only from one flow 5 is impinged, which impinges on the turbine below the axis of rotation.

These main forces are again in for clarity 9 shown without the air currents.

In addition, due to the curved shape of the rotor blades 3 consisting of three flat surfaces with two kinked edges 9 and 18 (please refer 13 ), buoyancy forces that also rotate the turbine in a clockwise direction.

To explain the buoyancy serve the 10 . 11a . 11b and 11c ,

For an airplane to fly, it needs buoyancy. Buoyancy is caused by air from the front around the wings 10 (= Wing) flows. Many people believe that it is mainly the air that flows under the wings that carries the aircraft. In fact, this is only partially true. The resulting force under the wings accounts for only about one third of the total lift. The remaining two-thirds of the buoyancy comes from the suction, at the top 11 prevails ( 10 ).

As you can see on the picture, the wing is on the top 11 more curved than on the underside 12 , This curvature is not critical to lift, but improves it. Even a flat wing creates buoyancy. Important is only the so-called angle of attack of the wing - the angle with which the wing stands to the air flow. Due to the laws of the flow, circulation starts at a certain angle around the top and bottom of the wing 13 out ( 11b ).

These Circulation behaves so that they are on top of the wing with the flow (result: the air is flowing faster at the top), at the bottom of the wing against the flow flows (result: the air is flowing slower here). The term circulation, however, can be misleading. Because actually the air does not move against the flow. The term is rather as a mathematical model for calculating lift.

The domed Shape (the profile) of the wing creates increased Boost by the flow at the end of the wing deflects downwards more efficiently. The downward deflected air creates according to Newton's law of force and counterforce additional Boost.

The exact principle of buoyancy is very complicated and only very rough in this context. Important for the buoyancy is: The air above the wings flows faster than the air under the wings. Long before the first plane was built, a smart Swiss named Bernoulli realized that the pressure in the air always decreases as their speed increases. In the case of our wing this means that the pressure above the wing is lower than below. Due to this phenomenon, the aircraft is sucked up to 2/3 and only pushed up to 1/3 ( 10 ). And there we have our buoyancy.

Such buoyancy and such circulation also occur in the turbine according to the invention on the rotor blade, such as 12 represents. The centrally directed, for example, on the axis of rotation air flow flows at the bent rotor blade 3 along. A circulation 13 and a boost 14 like an airplane wing is the result. The buoyancy 14 contributes to the rotation of the turbine in the desired clockwise direction.

Since the outer regions of the rotor blades move faster during operation than the air flow acting on the turbine, a circulation arises accordingly 11b that the uplift 14 even stronger.

One further effect is added. Behind the axis of rotation, based on the Direction of the air flow acting on the turbine, the turbine sucks air and compresses them, whereby the efficiency is further increased.

In addition, the rotor blades act 3 like an offset funnel, which according to the aerodynamic paradox a negative pressure at the bottom 14 the rotor blades 3 generated, which also drives the turbine in the desired direction of rotation.

In order to explain:

The aerodynamic paradox is a physical phenomenon. Around To demonstrate it, try one funnel into one inlaid paper bag blow out. This is the bag but not blown out, but pressed against the walls of the funnel. This is due to that the air between bag and funnel wall partially from the injected airflow to Outside being carried away; This creates a negative pressure between bag and funnel wall and the external air pressure drives the bag against the funnel wall. This effect was created in 1826 by Charles Bernard Desormes (1777-1862) and Nicolas Clément (1779-1841) made known.

Yet the operation of the turbine according to the invention becomes clearer, hereafter Tanocsturbine, from the following explanation.

Tanoc's turbine is supported by the vortex technology. What is a vortex? A vortex is achieved when a flow within other flows / pressures or other physical barriers forms optimal evasive flow / rotating flow.

Examples:

• 1) when water reaches its maximum flow rate reached in a bathtub drain,
• 2) in a cyclone (Twister), when several storm fronts try to give way.

• 31 Drehrichtung ist gleich
• 32 Windimpuls nur oberhalb der Achse
• 33 Windimpuls nur unterhalb der Achse

A Tanoc turbine works as follows: All known wind turbines work on the same principle. In contrast, the Tanocs works on a different principle. The Tanocs always turn in the same direction, regardless of whether the wind pulse only arrives above or below the axis ( 14 )! In the 14 mean:

• 31 The direction of rotation is the same
• 32 Wind impulse only above the axis
• 33 Wind impulse just below the axis

A Optimizing performance can be achieved by optimizing the angle of attack, the airfoil curvature, the airfoil proportion, the distance of the airfoils and the turbine diameter allows depending on the application and speed.

The function of an extended Tanoc turbine with active surface function is shown in the following table and in 15 explained. Pos. In Fig. 15 Effect with use of centrifugal force principle 21 Surface builds up overpressure between turbine and wind impulse Compressor muzzle loader 22 By rotation and angle of attack creates negative pressure Intake stroke on 23 Conducts compressed air (increases flow in the turbine) Compressor On 24 Stabilizes the pressure and promotes flow in the turbine Compressor On 25 Conducts compressed air (increases flow from the turbine) Muzzle Loader Off 26 Reinforces torque on the axle Intake stroke off 27 Reinforces flow from the turbine Intake stroke off 28 Reinforces flow from the turbine Unloader off

So it is described so far in the science: The Leistungsbeiwert is so exclusive a function of deceleration. How this deceleration is done does not enter the calculation. In practice, high levels can be achieved However, perform performance coefficients only with buoyancy runners (Albert Betz: Wind energy and its use by windmills, ecobook, Staufen, unchanged Reprint from the year 1926).

Are there ways to overcome?

Experiments are constantly being reported which purport to have received c _P > c _{P, Betz} . It can be assumed that because of the universality of the derivation, such an overcoming of the violation of the conservation law equals energy. A solution was only given by Betz himself: If the rotor modeled as a single 'actuator disk' was given a finite thickness, turbulent fluctuations across the main flow could now introduce additional energy between the front and rear disks.

Tries, to award a jacketed wind turbine an 'over-bet value' often at the wrong choice of the reference surface: instead of the rotor surface must now the largest 'face of the Plant, so in most cases the exit surface of the jacket or diffuser.

Compare now 15 : When the flow hits the turbine, you have a compressor, behind the turbine a diffuser. The correct name of this invention is therefore a combination of compressor, turbine and diffuser.

The Invention will now be compared with a congestion charging. The functional principle the congestion charge is the following: A turbocharger consists of a Exhaust gas turbine in the exhaust stream (impulse), which has a shaft with a compressor connected in the intake. The turbine is driven by the exhaust gas flow (momentum) The motor is set in rotation and thus drives the compressor. The compressor (equivalent to 21 at Tanocs) increases the pressure in the intake tract of the engine, so while the intake stroke (equivalent to 22 at Tanocs), a larger amount of air gets into the cylinder than with a naturally aspirated engine. Thereby rise the medium pressure of the engine and its torque, what the power output elevated. The energy for the charge is due to the exhaust gas turbine the fast flowing (corresponds 26 at Tanocs). Also the use and the effect We must not forget the centrifugal force of this invention. in the Extreme case is due to the compressed charge air already during the Suction stroke Power output from the machine (4-stroke). (similar to the Tanocs). The invention uses these and other principles of a jet engine in a closed system in itself and not in interaction with a housing.

The correct name of this invention is therefore compressor, turbine and diffuser united.

One Diffuser is a component in the machinery, power station, Fan, vehicle and aircraft and shipbuilding, which slows down gas / liquid flows and the gas / liquid pressure elevated. It basically represents the reversal of a nozzle. It continues to serve for the "recovery" of kinetic Energy in the pipe hydraulics.

One Diffuser always provides an increase in the subsonic range Flow cross-section in the flow direction of the streaming Medium dar.

• 30 Impuls
• 31 1/3 Luftkomprimierung
• 32 2/3 Luft ansaugen
• 33 Komprimierung
• 34 Geschwindigkeit steigt

To 16 : Mean here

• 30 pulse
• 31 1/3 air compression
• 32 2/3 suck in air
• 33 compression
• 34 Speed increases

If we compare the effect and the principle of Airfoil with the Tanocs, you can see why, by interacting 2 wings on the same side and the interaction of 2 sides the turbine always clockwise rotates

1

axis of rotation

2

endplates

3

rotor blade

4

Air (-Strömung)

5

Air (-Strömung)

6

Air (-Strömung)

7

Air (-Strömung)

4a

reflected flow

5a

reflected flow

4b

in the turbine penetrating flow

5b

in the turbine penetrating flow

6b

in the turbine penetrating flow

7b

in the turbine penetrating flow

8th

force

9

first kinked

10

wing

11

top

12

bottom

13

circulation

14

vacuum at the bottom

15

outer area

16

top

17

internal Area

18

second kinked

Claims (7)

Wind turbine in the form of a radial turbine, with rotor blades aligned parallel to the axis of rotation, characterized in that the rotor blades ( 3 ) are oriented out of the radial direction in the direction of the tangential plane and obliquely to the radius and to the tangential plane and the outer region ( 15 ) is even more angled in the direction of the tangential plane and in particular the inner region ( 17 ) is angled in the direction of the radius and in particular the inner region ( 17 ) is angled in the direction of the radius. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor blades have two flat surfaces with a Abknickkante ( 9 ) and this edge extends axially. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor blades three flat surfaces with two axially extending kinked edges ( 9 ; 18 ) exhibit. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized that the rotor blades a curved one Have surface. Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that 8 rotor blades are provided which are uniform around the rotor axis ( 1 ) are arranged distributed. Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that 6 rotor blades are provided which are uniform around the rotor axis ( 1 ) are arranged distributed. Wind turbine in the form of a radial turbine, with rotor blades aligned parallel to the axis of rotation, characterized in that the rotor blades are aligned out of the radial direction in the direction of the tangential plane and obliquely to the radius and the tangential plane and in that the obliquely outwardly directed surface (upper side 16 ) of the rotor blades is more outwardly curved than the inwardly directed surface (bottom 14 ).