DE102008049826A1 - Turbine e.g. radial-flow turbine, has outer region strongly bent in direction of tangential plane, and inner region bent in direction of radius such that rotor blades are encased with guide plates, which are inward curved in spiral shape - Google Patents

Abstract

The turbine has a set of rotor blades (3) aligned parallel to a rotation axis (1), where the rotor blades are aligned in a direction of a tangential plane and diagonally to radius. An outer region (15) is strongly bent in the direction of the tangential plane, and the inner region is bent in the direction of radius such that the rotor blades are encased with guide plates, which are inward curved in a spiral shape. The rotor blades exhibit a set of even surfaces with two axially running bending edges.

Description

The The invention relates to a turbine, in particular a wind turbine, in the form of a radial turbine, aligned parallel to the axis of rotation Rotor blades. The invention is not on wind turbines limited, but also refers to turbines for Water or any other free flowing fluids.

State of the art

Betz's law comes from the German engineer Albert Betz (1885-1968). He first formulated it in 1919. Seven years later (1926) it appeared in his book "Wind Energy" (Albert Betz: Wind Energy and its Utilization by Windmills, Ecobook, Staufen, unchanged reprint from the year 1926) ,

The Law states that a wind turbine maximum 16/27 (that is almost 60 percent) of the translational energy contained in the wind can convert into rotational energy.

Of the British engineer F. Lanchester (1868-1946) published as early as 1915 similar considerations.

The quotient of the utilized wind power P _Nutz for the incoming wind power P ₀ is called the power coefficient c _P.

Betzscher performance coefficient

When wind flow (kinetic) energy is removed, the wind slows down. If the energy were taken completely, the air masses behind the plant would come to a standstill and would pile up in front of it and flatten out, so that the mass flow through the plant and the power would be zero. (For this reason, Betz's law for small velocity ratios v ₂ / v ₁ loses its validity, because the law assumes that the wind velocity is in the rotor plane (v ₁ + v ₂ ) / 2) Although not braked, the mass flow would not decrease, but no energy would be taken, and the power would again be zero. The ideal case is somewhere in between.

Of the Performance coefficient is solely a function of deceleration. How this deceleration is made, does not go into the calculation one. In practice, however, high power coefficients can only be used reach with buoyancy runners.

The Greatest performance can be withdrawn when the wind is at 1/3 of its original speed is slowed down.

Experiments are constantly being reported which purport to have received c _P > c _{P, Betz} . It can be assumed that because of the universality of the derivation, such an overcoming of the violation of the conservation law equals energy. A solution was only given by Betz himself: If the rotor modeled as a single 'actuator disk' was given a finite thickness, turbulent fluctuations across the main flow could now introduce additional energy between the front and rear disks.

This idea was made by Loth and McCoy 1983 elaborated in detail for a Darrieus rotor with vertical axis of rotation. They received c _P ~ 0.62. However, this value has not been measured in any system so far.

Tries, to assign an 'over-net value' to a jacketed wind turbine often get sick on the wrong choice of the reference area: instead the rotor surface now has the largest 'forehead' surface the plant, so in most cases the exit area of the jacket or diffuser.

Executed rotors

Since the rotor losses are by far the largest losses of a wind turbine, all manufacturers work to achieve the highest possible power coefficients. Modern designed rotors achieve performance coefficients of c _P = 0.4 to 0.5, that is about 70% to 80% of the theoretically possible.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a turbine of the initially to develop the type mentioned, which makes the wind energy significantly more effective as the well-known wind turbines exploits.

These Task is inventively in the turbine of initially mentioned type achieved in that the rotor blades from the radial direction in the direction of the tangential plane and oriented obliquely to the radius and to the tangential plane are and the outer area even stronger is angled in the direction of the tangent plane and in particular the inner area is angled in the direction of the radius, and that the rotor blades having at least one, preferably two, Guiding plates are sheathed, in particular spiral-shaped are curved inward.

advantageous Embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

details Details and advantages of the invention are described below the embodiments and drawings closer explained.

in the Below is an embodiment of the invention based described in more detail by drawings. Show it

1 the top view of a known wind turbine, z. B. an anemometer, according to the prior art, to explain the mode of action,

2 a plan view of a wind turbine with curved rotor blades and with the flow,

3 the wind turbine behind 2 in the case of flow both of the upper area of the windmill and of the lower area,

4 the wind turbine behind 2 in the case of flow only of the area above the axis of rotation,

5 the wind turbine behind 2 with incident flow only below the axis of rotation,

6 the turbine according to the invention in side view,

7 the turbine according to the invention 6 at a flow below the axis of rotation,

8th the flow conditions in the turbine according to the invention with flow both below and above the axis of rotation,

9 a representation of the turbine according to the invention with representation of the pressure conditions,

10 the flow conditions on a wing according to the prior art,

11 the flow conditions around a wing according to the prior art,

12 the flow conditions, forces and pressure conditions in the turbine according to the invention and

13 a further illustration of the pressure conditions in the turbine according to the invention, here with two bending edges of the rotor blades,

14 to 16 further drawings to illustrate the operation of the turbine according to the invention,

17 a schematic representation of the turbine with the sheath of the invention,

18 more details on the presentation in 17 .

19 a perspective view of a concrete embodiment of the jacketed turbine after the 17 and 18 .

20 the rotor of the turbine of 19 in perspective,

21 a longitudinal section through the jacketed turbine after 19 but without rotor,

22 the section along the line AA in 21 so a cross section,

23 a longitudinal section along the line BB in 22 ,

In All drawings have the same reference numerals and therefore may only be explained once.

At the in 1 shown in side view anemometer, the rotation takes place about the axis of rotation 1 always clockwise, regardless of the direction of the incoming flow.

A correspondingly constructed wind turbine with also curved rotor blades is in side view in 2 shown. The flow direction of the air is also shown. In the flow shown, this wheel also rotates clockwise.

Will be accordingly 3 this wind turbine both in the tangential direction above and below the axis of rotation 1 as also directed centrally directed to the axis of rotation, so act different torques on this wind turbine. The flow above the axis of rotation and the centrally directed to the axis of rotation generate a torque in a clockwise direction. In contrast, the flow generates a counterclockwise torque below the axis of rotation, as graphically 3 evident.

With a flow only above the axis of rotation 1 corresponding 4 Thus, the wind turbine rotates clockwise and at a flow below the axis of rotation accordingly 5 counterclockwise.

The turbine according to the invention behaves differently, as with reference to 6 to 13 will be explained in more detail below.

6 shows a side view of the turbine according to the invention, wherein the elements shown except for the axis of rotation 1 plane sheets are aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. On the sides of the turbine are aluminum end plates 2 for fixing the rotor blades 3 and the centrally arranged axis of rotation 1 intended. The axis of rotation is in a ball bearing relative to the housing, so the end plates 2 and other, not shown housing parts stored.

The rotor blades 3 additionally have two kinked edges, namely a first Abknickkante 9 in the outer region of the rotor blade and a second Abknickkante 18 in the inner region of the rotor blade. Both kinked edges are parallel to the axis of rotation 1 , The outer area is around the first Abknickkante 9 bent in the direction of the tangential plane, ie opposite to the radial direction. The innermost area 17 the rotor blades 3 is about the second bending edge 18 bent in the direction of the radius, ie opposite to the tangential plane.

Important for the inventive effect is in particular the first Abknickkante 9 , The kinked innermost area around the second bending edge 18 additionally enhances this effect and is also essential to the invention.

If the turbine according to the invention corresponding 7 below the axis of rotation 1 with air 4 the turbine moves differently than a conventional turbine (cf. 5 ) not clockwise, but clockwise ( 7 ).

An explanation of this effect is provided by the 8th and 9 tries. The incoming air 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 bounces on the rotor blades 3 and is compressed and distributed by these, as are the arrows in 8th represent. Part of the air flow 4a . 5a is from the outside of the rotor blades 3 "Reflects", thereby giving an impulse to the turbine counterclockwise.

By far the greater part of the air flow is from the rotor blades 3 directed into the interior of the turbine and compressed there, so that there builds up in the interior of the turbine, an overpressure. This overpressure only occurs when the angle of attack of the rotor blade and its proportion to the turbine diameter are correct. In addition, the correct bending angle on the rotor blade must be optimized by its inclination. This optimization can be further optimized by one or more kinks. This additional optimization should be done on the basis of test series and their evaluations in order to achieve maximum efficiency in the adaptation to reach. In conjunction with the centrifugal forces that form in the rotating turbine, the resulting overpressure inside the turbine exerts a force on the inside of the rotor blades 3 out. These forces are denoted by the reference numeral 8th characterized. They apply torque to the turbine in a clockwise direction. This torque is significantly greater than that of the reflected flow 4a . 5a applied, acting in the reverse direction torque. Therefore, the turbine rotates in a clockwise direction, even if only from one flow 5 is impinged, which impinges on the turbine below the axis of rotation.

These main forces are again in for clarity 9 shown without the air currents.

In addition, due to the curved shape of the rotor blades 3 consisting of three flat surfaces with two kinked edges 9 and 18 (please refer 13 ), buoyancy forces that also rotate the turbine in a clockwise direction.

To explain the buoyancy serve the 10 . 11a . 11b and 11c ,

For an airplane to fly, it needs buoyancy. Buoyancy is created by air coming from the front around the wings 10 (= Wing) flows. Many people believe that it is mainly the air that flows under the wings that carries the aircraft. In fact, this is only partially true. The resulting force under the Tragflä chen makes up only about one third of the total lift. The remaining two-thirds of the buoyancy comes from the suction, at the top 11 prevails ( 10 ).

As you can see on the picture, the wing is on the top 11 more curved than on the underside 12 , This curvature is not critical to lift, but improves it. Even a flat wing creates buoyancy. Important is only the so-called angle of attack of the wing - the angle with which the wing stands to the air flow. Due to the laws of the flow, circulation starts at a certain angle around the top and bottom of the wing 13 out ( 11b ).

These Circulation behaves like that on the top the wing with the flow (result: the Air flows faster at the top), at the bottom the wing flows against the flow (result: the air flows slower here). The term circulation can be misleading. Because actually the air does not move against the flow. Of the Term is more likely than a mathematical model for calculating the To understand buoyancy.

The creates arched shape (the profile) of the wing increased buoyancy by keeping the flow at the end deflects the wing down more efficiently. The downstairs deflected air produced by Newton's law of force and Drag additional buoyancy.

The exact principle of buoyancy is very complicated and only very rough in this context. Important for the buoyancy is: The air above the wings flows faster than the air under the wings. Long before the first plane was built, a smart Swiss named Bernoulli realized that the pressure in the air always decreases as their speed increases. In the case of our wing this means that the pressure above the wing is lower than below. Due to this phenomenon, the aircraft is sucked up to 2/3 and only pushed up to 1/3 ( 10 ). And there we have our buoyancy.

Such buoyancy and such circulation also occur in the turbine according to the invention on the rotor blade, such as 12 represents. The centrally directed, for example, on the axis of rotation air flow flows at the bent rotor blade 3 along. A circulation 13 and a boost 14 like an airplane wing is the result. The buoyancy 14 contributes to the rotation of the turbine in the desired clockwise direction.

Since the outer regions of the rotor blades move faster during operation than the air flow acting on the turbine, a circulation arises accordingly 11b the uplift 14 even stronger.

One further effect is added. Behind the axis of rotation, based on the Direction of the air flow acting on the turbine sucks the turbine air and compresses it, reducing the efficiency is further increased.

In addition, the rotor blades act 3 like an offset funnel, which according to the aerodynamic paradox a negative pressure at the bottom 14 the rotor blades 3 which produces the turbine if it drives in the desired direction of rotation.

In order to explain:

The aerodynamic paradox is a physical phenomenon. Around To demonstrate it, try one funnel into one Blow out inserted paper bag. This is the bag but not blown out, but to the walls of the funnel pressed. This is due to, that the air between bag and funnel wall partly entrained by the injected air flow to the outside becomes; This creates between bag and funnel wall Under pressure and the external air pressure drives the Bag against the funnel wall. This effect was due in 1826 Charles Bernard Desormes (1777-1862) and Nicolas Clement (1779-1841).

Yet more clearly the mode of action of the invention Turbine, hereafter Tanocsturbine, from the following explanation.

• 1) wenn Wasser seine maximale Abflussgeschwindigkeit erreicht in einem Badewannenabfluss,
• 2) bei einem Zyklon (Twister), wenn mehrere Sturmfronten versuchen, sich aus zu weichen.

Tanoc's turbine is supported by the vortex technology. What is a vortex? A vortex is achieved when a flow within other flows / pressures or other physical barriers forms an optimal evasive flow / flow. Examples:

• 1) when water reaches its maximum flow rate in a bathtub drain,
• 2) in a cyclone (Twister), when several storm fronts try to move out.

A Tanoc turbine works like this:
All known wind turbines work on the same principle. In contrast, the Tanocs works on a different principle. The Tanocs always turn in the same direction, regardless of whether the wind pulse only arrives above or below the axis ( 14 )! In the 14 mean:

31

direction of rotation is equal to

32

wind pulse just above the axis

33

wind pulse just below the axis

A Optimizing performance can be achieved by optimizing the angle of attack, the airfoil curvature, the airfoil proportion, the distance the airfoils and the turbine diameter are allowed depending on the application and speed.

The function of an extended Tanoc turbine with active surface function is shown in the following table and in 15 explained. Pos. In Fig. 15 Effect with the use of centrifugal force principle 21 Surface builds up overpressure between turbine and wind impulse Compressor muzzle loader 22 By rotation and angle of attack creates negative pressure Intake stroke on 23 Conducts compressed air (increases flow in the turbine) Compressor On 24 Stabilizes the pressure and promotes flow in the turbine Compressor On 25 Conducts compressed air (increases flow from the turbine) Muzzle Loader Off 26 Reinforces torque on the axle Intake stroke off 27 Reinforces flow from the turbine Intake stroke off 28 Reinforces flow from the turbine Unloader off

So it is described in the science so far:
The power coefficient is therefore only a function of the deceleration. How this deceleration is made is not included in the calculation. In practice, however, high performance coefficients can only be achieved with lift rotors ( Albert Betz: Wind energy and its use by windmills, ecobook, Staufen, unchanged reprint from the year 1926 ).

Gives there ways to overcome?

It are constantly reported attempts to pretend cP> cP, Betz to receive to have. One can assume that because of the generality of the Derivation, such overcoming the violation of Conservation law equals energy. A way out only became given by Betz himself: Is this as a single 'WirkSCHEIBE' (Engl. Actuator Disk) modeled rotor awarded a finite thickness, so could be present transversely to the main flow turbulent Fluctuations additional energy now between front and register rear wheel.

Tries, to assign a 'over-net value' to a jacketed wind turbine often get sick on the wrong choice of the reference area: instead the rotor surface now has the largest frontal area the plant, so in most cases the exit area of the jacket or diffuser.

Compare now 15 : When the flow hits the turbine, you have a compressor, behind the turbine a diffuser. The correct name of this invention is therefore a combination of compressor, turbine and diffuser.

The Invention will now be compared with a congestion charging. The functional principle the congestion charge is the following: A turbocharger consists of a Exhaust gas turbine in the exhaust stream (impulse), which over a wave connected to a compressor in the intake system. The turbine will from the exhaust gas flow (pulse) of the engine in rotation and drives so the compressor on. The compressor (equals 21 at Tanocs) increases the pressure in the intake tract of the engine, so that during the intake stroke (equivalent to 22 at Tanocs), a larger one Quantity of air enters the cylinder than with a naturally aspirated engine. Thereby increase the mean pressure of the engine and its torque what the Power output increased. The energy for charging is due to the exhaust gas turbine the fast-flowing (corresponds 26 at Tanocs). Also the use and the effect We must not forget the centrifugal force of this invention. In extreme cases, by the compressed charge air already during of the intake stroke output power from the machine (4-stroke). (similar the Tanocs). The invention uses these and other principles of a Jet engine in a closed system in itself and not in Interaction with a housing.

The correct name of this invention is therefore compressor, turbine and diffuser united.

One Diffuser is a component in the machinery, power station, Fan, vehicle and aircraft and shipbuilding, the gas / liquid flows slows down and increases the gas / liquid pressure. It represents in principle the reversal of a nozzle. It serves continue to "recovery" of kinetic Energy in the pipe hydraulics.

One Diffuser always increases the subsonic range the flow cross-section in the flow direction of the flowing Medium dar.

To 16 : Mean here

30

pulse

31

3.1 air compression

32

2.3 Suck in air

33

compression

34

speed increases

If we compare the effect and the principle of Airfoil with the Tanocs, you can see why, by interacting 2 wings at the same Side and the interaction of 2 sides the turbine always clockwise rotates.

Possible and advantageous applications:

• Wind turbines of various sizes (skyscrapers, on the roof or on the corner high ceilings) Einfamilienhäuser or on the roof), for regional supply on towers or between skyscrapers, under bridges, as small energy turbines for the garden and the balcony, as an installation in or on existing chimneys (in factories or power plants) on the hall roofs of commercial areas attached to the motorway crash barriers to exploit the wind of the passing cars

• Wind turbines on mobile devices / vehicles cars for driving electric cars (eg on the roof, or rear) bicycles scooters trains ship aircraft helicopters

• Marine turbine to take advantage of the flow in Rivers / dams / streams / waterfalls to Exploitation of the currents in oceans, straits and tides

• attached as a turbine or installed in ships at the bow / stern

Sheathed turbine after the 17 to 23

To achieve the optimum performance of the Tanoc turbine, it can be equipped with two Airfoils. The Airfoils consist of two baffles 19 . 20 and an outer panel 21 , The two Airfoils are arranged on both sides and the full length of the turbine and held together with Endblechen.

The turbine is held between the two end plates with bearings on the axle. The curvature of the outer panels 21 stabilizes in turbulence and promotes flow. grid 22 . 23 small animals and birds protect from the opening.

Inside the turbine:

The baffles 19 . 20 Regardless of which direction, the media (eg air) direct the turbine into the turbine with optimum effect, so that an optimal effect is generated within the turbine. The Tanocs spin at twice the speed and torque. In addition to the advantage that the turbine runs quietly and can be mounted on all skyscrapers, bridges and existing structures, it can also be simply coupled to the grid. Large foundations and tower construction are not necessary (as with wind turbines (WKA)).

Other advantages

• - Runs on at 0.5 m / s wind speed
• - Does not have high wind speed or storm be switched off
• - Runs faster than wind turbines
• - Can be hidden or integrated with new architecture become
• - At 5 m / s wind speed you get a 5 times higher torque than a wind turbine (rising tendency)

1

axis of rotation

2

endplates

3

rotor blade

4

air (-Flow)

5

air (-Flow)

6

air (-Flow)

7

air (-Flow)

4a

reflected flow

5a

reflected flow

4b

in the turbine penetrating flow

5b

in the turbine penetrating flow

6b

in the turbine penetrating flow

7b

in the turbine penetrating flow

8th

force

9

first kinked

10

wing

11

top

12

bottom

13

circulation

14

vacuum at the bottom

15

outer Area

16

top

17

internal Area

18

second kinked

19

baffle

20

baffle

21

outer panel

22

grid

23

grid

24

Airfoil 1

25

Airfoil 2

26

foot

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• - "Wind Energy" (Albert Betz: Wind Energy and its Utilization by Windmills, Ecobook, Staufen, unchanged reprint from 1926) [0002]
• - Loth and McCoy 1983 [0010]
• - Albert Betz: Wind energy and its utilization by windmills, ecobook, Staufen, unchanged reprint from the year 1926 [0069]

Claims (7)

Turbine in the form of a radial turbine, with rotor blades aligned parallel to the axis of rotation, characterized in that the rotor blades ( 3 ) are oriented out of the radial direction in the direction of the tangential plane and obliquely to the radius and to the tangential plane and the outer region ( 15 ) is even more angled in the direction of the tangential plane and in particular the inner region ( 17 ) is angled in the direction of the radius and in particular the inner region ( 17 ) is angled in the direction of the radius, and that the rotor blades with at least one, preferably two baffles ( 19 . 20 ) are sheathed, which are in particular curved spirally inward. Turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor blades two flat surfaces with a Abknickkante ( 9 ) and this edge extends axially. Turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor blades three flat surfaces with two axially extending kinked edges ( 9 ; 18 ) exhibit. Turbine according to claim 1, characterized that the rotor blades have a curved surface exhibit. Turbine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that 8 rotor blades are provided which are uniform around the rotor axis ( 1 ) are arranged distributed. Turbine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that 6 rotor blades are provided which are uniform around the rotor axis ( 1 ) are arranged distributed. Turbine in the form of a radial turbine, with aligned parallel to the axis of rotation rotor blades, characterized in that the rotor blades are aligned from the radial direction in the direction of the tangential plane and obliquely to the radius and the tangential plane and that the obliquely outwardly directed surface (top 16 ) of the rotor blades is more outwardly curved than the inwardly directed surface (bottom 14 ).