DE102007056904A1 - Plant for processing and recycling of waste materials from metal containing composite cartoon, comprises a reactor with an inlet for the waste material as starting substances and an outlet for final substances, and a separator - Google Patents

Abstract

The plant for processing and recycling of waste materials from metal containing composite cartoon (tetra packs), comprises reactor (1) with an inlet (Z) for the waste materials as initial substances (SA) and an outlet (A) for final substances (SE), and a separator in which the metal is separated from smoldered/pyrolysed non metallic component. The waste materials are suspended in the reactor at a temperature that guarantees smoldering/pyrolysis of the non-metallic components. The separator in the form of a discharge screw conveyor joins itself at the outlet of the reactor. The plant for processing and recycling of waste material from metal containing composite cartoon (tetra packs), comprises reactor (1) with an inlet (Z) for the waste materials as initial substances (SA) and an outlet (A) for final substances (SE), and a separator in which the metal is separated from smoldered/pyrolysed non metallic component. The waste materials are suspended in the reactor at a temperature that guarantees smoldering/pyrolysis of the non-metallic components of the composite material. The separator in the form of a discharge screw conveyor joins itself at the outlet of the reactor. In the reactor, a temperature guaranteeing the low temperature pyrolysis of the initial substances is adjustable at up to 500[deg] C, a temperature guaranteeing the middle temperature pyrolysis is adjusted at 500-800[deg] C, and a temperature guaranteeing the high temperature pyrolysis is adjusted at 250-650[deg] C. The discharge screw conveyor is arranged in a sieve like perforated screw jacket pipe at its under side. The separator is assigned a collection cup for the sifted components/final substances. The metal deposition of another pyrolytic components of the composite material is separatable in the discharge screw conveyor from pyrolytic initial substances in the form of a metal containing composite material. The separator is subordinated to a pelletizing device suitable for pelletizing the metal deposition. A rotated screw is arranged in a screw mantle in the reactor, which is arranged to a heating unit (2). In the screw mantle, a suction is connected for the suction of separated gases/vapor (D) during the thermal treatment of the waste material. The reactor and/or the screw mantle is extensively or completely sealed against the environment. The inlet in the screw mantle and/or the outlet of the screw mantle is formed in the form of a cellular wheel sluice guaranteeing the sealing for surrounding atmosphere. The area of the screw subsequent itself at the inlet has a riser (a), in which the initial substances are condensed so that a sealing is guaranteed for the surrounding atmosphere. The area of the screw present itself before the outlet has a raiser (c), in which the final substances are condensed so that the sealing is guaranteed for the surrounding atmosphere. The heating unit has a combustor (5) for thermal combustion of gas/vapor. The first part of the gas/vapor is supplyable to the combustor and the heating unit and the second part of the gas/vapor is supplyable to an energy supply unit (9). The volume of the treated substances is reduced up to 90% in relation to the volume of the exit substances. The exit substances are DSD (Duales Dsystem Deutschland) sorting residue. The final substances are ash with metal deposition in the use of initial substances in the form of DSD-sorting residue and the vacuumed gas/vapor are used as fuel, which is usable for operating the plant. The height of the screw mantle is larger than the diameter of the screw present in the screw mantle, which rejuvenates itself in the cross-section towards the top.

Description

The The invention relates to a plant for the treatment and preparation of Waste materials of composite materials, in particular composite cartons (Tetra Pack).

The Facility can for All application areas are used in which composite materials reduced in volume and / or metals contained therein recovered should be.

DE 196 14 689 C2 describes a multivalent-usable plant for the thermal treatment of starting substances, which has a heatable reactor in which the substances carry out an advancing and circulating movement and are exposed to a temperature of 280 to 400 ° C. The resulting gases and vapors are sucked off and condensed and can be used to heat the system.

Disadvantage of this system is the too low temperature range, by which the treatment of some important substances, eg. As industrial waste from the paper industry can not be treated as well as the still large volume of the treated substances and the difficult elimination of residual gases, thereby polluting the environment. Out DE 28 21 825 C3 a pyrolysis reactor for the conversion of waste is known, which consists essentially of a via a combustion chamber indirectly heated, rotating retort, which is assigned at one end a waste input and at the other end a discharge for pyrolized material and pyrolysis gas consists. The retort is rotated by a sprocket and is provided with an internal thread whose pitch in the region of the discharge is smaller than in the region of the waste input. Furthermore, the retort is formed as a truncated cone, which tapers in the direction of flow of the material through the retort. The retort has a very disadvantageous common exit zone in which the gas generated due to the pyrolysis reaction is separated from the pyrolyzed residue. This exit zone opens into two lines. A conduit extends downwards and serves to discharge the pyrolyzed residues from the retort, the other conduit extends upwards and serves to discharge the pyrolysis gas. From this line leads a line to the fuel inlet of the burner.

Also in DE 30 18 572 A1 a pyrolysis furnace for the pyrolysis of waste is described, with an elongated pyrolysis, which is designed as a rotary tube, a charging device at one end of the pyrolysis, a discharge at the other end of the pyrolysis, a coat comprising the jacket of the pyrolysis heater comprising a plurality of heating chambers with different Heat transfer to associated areas of the pyrolysis, having a discharge device for the resulting in the heater exhaust gases and an outlet for the resulting in the pyrolysis of the waste pyrolysis gases, which are supplied to the combustion of the heater. The feed takes place via a feed tappet and the discharge via a screw. The extracted pyrolysis gas passes either directly or through the combination of a heat exchanger and a Nachbrennkammer to the burner.

The EP 0 626 988 B1 refers to a method for heating a carbonization drum, with the heating gas always a sufficient amount of heat to be introduced into the carbonization drum. To set the temperature of the heating gas, which is generated by combustion of a partial flow of the carbonization, a controllable partial flow of effluent from the carbonization drum and thus cooled fuel gas is returned in a closed pitch to the carbonization drum and thereby added to the hot fuel gas again. In order to supply the heating gas with the missing amount of heat, the cooled heating gas flowing out of the carbonization drum is first preheated. Subsequently, the preheated fuel gas is fed back together with the burned partial flow of the carbonization of the carbonization drum. A partial flow of the hot gas flowing out of the carbonization drum is branched off from the heating gas circuit before or after the preheating. The device used for heating the carbonization drum has a combustion chamber for generating the heating gas, wherein the combustion chamber, a partial flow of the carbonization gas generated in the carbonization drum is fed. The carbonization drum is fed the waste via a screw-like feeder. The waste is pyrolyzed or carbonized in the carbonization drum by the pipes heated by hot flue gas or heating gas. The resulting carbonization and the outgassed residue are separated from each other in the discharge chamber. The residue is fed via a discharge opening of a further processing. He can z. B. burned in the combustion chamber.

The abovementioned solutions have the disadvantage that moisture in the gas enters the burner. Furthermore, it is of crucial disadvantage that when feeding the waste ambient air can get into the reactor, whereby there is a risk that forms an explosive gas mixture in the reactor. To the rotation of the entire reactor ( DE 28 21 825 C3 . DE 30 18 572 A1 . EP 0 626 988 B1 ), a relatively high energy consumption and an expensive storage of the reactor is required. Rotary kilns generally cause high investment and operating costs costs.

Cartons / cartons are disposable packaging that consists of 75-80% pulp and about 4% aluminum. These have in handling compared to glass bottles some advantages: they are lightweight, shatterproof, opaque and Space saving. You do not need them after consuming the content to the dealer return, but they end up in the yellow sack, i. they will recycle fed. The composite cartons come together with other materials, eg. B. cartons, tinplate or plastics at a garbage transfer station at. There are the yellow sacks open and metals first taken out with a magnet. Then composite boards, tinplate, Plastics and other separated.

It is sorted out either by hand or by machine.

So far, the composite cartons are given after crushing in a rinsing liquid ( DE 600 15 326 T2 ). The cardboard fibers swell and detach from the metal and plastic film used. The pulp is separated and fed to the paper production again. The aluminum and plastic residues are passed into a fluid bed gasifier and the plastic contained therein gasified to produce hydrocarbon product gas. Then, the separation of the metal material from the hydrocarbon product gas.

DE195 03 694 A1 describes a recycling method for tetrapacks, in which the composite packaging is fermented in a biogas plant. This is done z. B. with sewage sludge. After fermentation, the polyethylene should float on the surface and the metal should settle to the bottom.

The The above methods are effective for recovery of metals contained in composite cartons (Tetrapacks) suitable.

task The invention is a system for treatment and treatment of waste materials made of composite materials, in particular composite cartons (tetrapacks) to develop, which has a simple structural design, Ensures a significant volume reduction of waste and effective recovery guaranteed by metals contained in composite materials / boxes.

These The object is solved by the features of the first claim. Further advantageous embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

The Plant for the treatment and treatment of waste materials from composite materials, in particular composite cartons (tetra packs) consists of a reactor with a feeder for the Composite materials as starting materials (SA) and a discharge for the thermal treated final substances formed from the composite materials and has a heating unit for heating the reactor and a Suction for the deposited from the composite materials by the influence of temperature Gases / vapors on. Made of the composite materials by the thermal treatment formed festive final substances consist of fine-grained or finely divided materials such as ash and dust and larger metal deposits. The reactor is followed by a separator, in which In the final substances contained fine-grained or finely divided materials such as ash, dust and the like are separated from the metal deposits.

The Separating device is preferably designed in the form of a discharge screw, in a at least on its underside sieve-like perforated screw shell tube is arranged.

Under the worm casing pipe is a collecting container for the sifted solids available. The metal deposits are removed by the discharge screw in a collection container directed. Alternatively you can the metal deposits are fed to a Pelettiereinheit and pelleted there, whereby a compression / volume reduction of Metal deposits takes place. Furthermore, by pilling facilitates the further handling of the metal deposits or be improved.

The extracted gases / vapors can used to heat the system.

All in all The system is extremely efficient Recovery of metals contained in the composite materials possible.

Favorable Way is in the system one of the heating unit associated with the combustor for thermal afterburning of extracted gases / residual gases integrated.

The Residual gases are direct or over a condenser by means of the extraction of the combustor and the heating unit fed. By feeding the extracted gases or the residual gases to the combustor and to the heating unit Is it possible, the volume of the fuel gas, which serves as an energizing energy for the burner the heating unit is required, if necessary reduce so much that from the burner only one support flame is available. The total heating energy for the reactor is then through the combustion of the residual gases provided.

alternative can the residual gases are fed to an energy generating device. It is also possible a first part of the residual gases to the combustor and the heating unit and a second part of the residual gases of the power generation device supply. Since in the thermal treatment process experience has shown the volume of the generated residual gas is many times higher than the volume of Residual gases, which for the heating of the reactor is required, provides the forwarding from residual gases to the power generation facility an efficient Utilization of the residual gas.

The Power generating device may, for. B. a steam boiler and a Steam engine and / or a combined heat and power plant.

The Volume of treated composite materials is in proportion to Volume of the starting substances is reduced up to 90%, whereby only low landfill costs are recorded.

the Condenser can be followed by an oil separator from which lipophilic condensate and aqueous condensate are derived separately. Between the oil separator and the condenser, a recooling plant is arranged to produce a cooling circuit. Furthermore, the reactor can be a heat exchanger for heat recovery and / or for pre-cooling be assigned by burner air of the heating unit.

The Initial substances undergo a circulation movement and a temperature from 250 to 800 ° C the reactor. The cycle time, the speed of the reactor The screw and the residence time depend on the moisture content the starting substances.

The Final substances in the form of ash and dust can be dumped. By the big ones Volume and mass losses occur only low landfill costs on. It is also possible, to recycle these wastes into the economic cycle and B. as aggregates (eg., For the building materials industry, in particular cement production).

When Starting substances can DSD Sortierreste (DSD = dual system Germany), which to a huge Part tetra packs containing aluminum can be used. It can then almost pure aluminum extremely efficient be recovered.

Become as the starting substance this DSD sorting residues treated arises as final substance (SE) ashes with metal deposits. Do they exist? DSD sorting residues, for example, from plastic / paper / waste with Aluminum adhesions (such as composite board / tetra packs) are present in the ash larger metal deposits made of almost pure aluminum. That in the thermal treatment of DSD sorting residues formed gas / residual gas can be used as fuel gas become.

The Gas / residual gas is, as described above, as fuel gas either the combustor and the heating unit or a power generating device to disposal posed.

The Invention is based on an embodiment and associated Drawing closer explained. Show it:

1 : Schematic diagram of the system according to the invention in the form of a block diagram,

2 : Schematic representation of a longitudinal section through a screw tube, in which a screw is arranged with different pitches, without Zellradschläusen,

3 : Schematic representation of a longitudinal section through the screw tube, in which a screw is arranged with different slopes, with a Zellradschläuse at the exit,

4 : Cross-section of a screw shell with screw therein,

5 : Representation of an aluminum fraction, which was obtained from appropriately treated composite board.

The reactor 1 has gem. 1 a first rotary valve (Z1) for the supply of the starting substances SA and a second rotary valve (Z2) for the discharge of the treated substances SE. The treated substances SE are forwarded to a separator T, in which the metallic constituents are separated from the other constituents, such as ash, dust and the like. The rotary valves Z1, Z2 ensure an almost complete seal against the surrounding atmosphere, so that no oxygen in the reactor via the ambient air 1 can penetrate, whereby a risk of explosion is excluded. The starting substance SA passes through the reactor under a circulation movement 1 by a in a non-rotatable screw casing pipe 1.1 rotating snail 1.2 (S. 2 to 4 ) at a temperature which ensures the pyrolysis of the metal-containing composite materials, preferably at 250 to 800 ° C. For this purpose, the reactor is a heating unit 2 as well as a combustor 5 assigned. The resulting during the thermal treatment gases / vapors D (pyrolysis gases) are by means of a suction fan 3 from the reactor 1 aspirated. That by the heating unit 2 generated flue gas G _smoke is through the chimney discharged stone. The gases / vapors D are via a combustor 5 , which serves for thermal afterburning of the residual gas, in a first partial flow T1 of the heating unit 2 supplied and in a second partial flow T2 to a power plant 9 directed. This is the suction fan 3 provided by which also the suction of the gases / vapors D from the reactor 1 via its auger tube 1.1 he follows.

It is possible to interrupt the first partial flow T1 or the second partial flow T2, so that the gases / vapors D only the heating unit 2 or only the power generation device 9 for combustion are supplied.

Instead, a dust wheel / suction fan and a filter (eg a cyclone filter / a multi-cyclone battery) - not shown - can be used for the partial flow T1. The second partial flow T2 can after a filter / cyclone, not shown, an energetic use ( 9 ) are supplied, the z. As hot steam generated and a turbine allows power generation.

remaining By-products such as pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis water and pyrolysis coke are removed from the process and possibly further treated or disposed of.

2 and 3 show the schematic diagram of a longitudinal section through the screw shell 1.1 a reactor 1 in which a snail 1.2 with different gradients a, b, c is arranged. In the space between the wall W of the reactor 1 and the auger tube 1.1 Heating medium H is supplied, which with the burner / Combustorsystem (not shown here) ( 1 ) and was discharged as flue gas G _smoke . After feeding for the starting materials SA has the screw 1.2 such a small first gradient a that the starting substances SA are compressed and thus seal themselves or additionally against the environment. This is followed by an area with a larger second gradient b, in which the density of the substances to be treated is reduced again, so that their thermal treatment can take place, the volume of the starting substances being considerably reduced. In this area is also the suction 1.3 for the gases / vapors D. resulting from the starting materials by the action of the temperature of the heating medium.

It closes gem. 2 an area of the snail 1.2 with a smaller third slope c. The pitch c is chosen so that the treated substances SE are compressed and thus seal itself or additionally against the environment. The third slope c is reduced as a function of the volume reduction with respect to the slope a.

The area of the snail shell 1.1 points in the areas of the snail 1.2 with the first and the third pitch a, c, in which a seal is to take place, has a diameter D1.1, which corresponds to the diameter D1.2 of the screw 1.2 is adjusted. In the intermediate region with the second pitch b, in which no sealing is desired and the thermal treatment takes place, the height of the screw shell increases 1.1 to a height H1.1 greater than the diameter of the screw D1.2. The width can correspond to the diameter D or taper upwards (s. 4 ). The derivation of the end substances is followed by a separating device, not shown, in which metal deposits are separated from other constituents.

Alternatively, it is possible, the derivative of the treated substances SE at the same or gem. 3 decreasing slope of the screw 1.2 via a zylinder wheel Z2 make. In this case, the supply of the starting substances takes place as in 2 at reduced pitch a of the screw 1.2 so that they seal themselves. Then the slope of the screw increases 1.2 to the value b, so that the volume of the substances to be treated per slope is reduced. Since the volume of the substances is greatly reduced by the thermal treatment, the pitch of the screw can 2.2 be reduced to the value of ballmählich, without here a seal within the screw 1.2 he follows. The seal against the environment is carried out by the rotary valve Z2 as discharge of the treated substances SE.

The auger tube 1.1 is gem. 2 and 3 fixed to the frame and the screw 1.2 rotates in the auger tube 1.1 ,

In 3 is after the second rotary valve Z2 a separator T in the form of a screw tube in a 11 rotating discharge screw 10 arranged.

The auger tube 11 has on its underside on a sieve-like perforation (not shown), through which dust, ash and other non-metallic end substances, such as metal deposits by the discharge screw z. B. in a Briquetting station 13 fed and briquetted in this, whereby their volume is further reduced and / or further handling is improved.

With the solution according to the invention, it is possible for the first time, for. B. from DSD sorting residues, such as Composite board packaging (Tetrapacks) for beverages or other foods containing aluminum to quickly and extremely energy efficient aluminum recover. The life cycle assessment for such packaging can thus be significantly improved.

4 shows possible cross sections of a housing 1.1 with snail inside 1.2 , The housing 1.1 follows in its lower part of the curvature of the screw 1.2 and has in image a an upwardly substantially rectangular extending cross-section whose height H1.1 is greater than the diameter D1.2 of the screw. In 4 Image b, the upwardly extending region has a substantially trapezoidal shape and in image c are the side regions of the upwards over the screw 1.2 Outwardly extending portion convexly curved, whereby the flow conditions of the extracted gases / vapors D are significantly improved. The suction 1.3 for the gases / vapors D is in each case in the uppermost area of the enclosure 1.1 tethered. Alternatively, there are others. z. B. triangular shapes possible, it should be ensured that the height H of the enclosure is greater than the diameter D1.2 of the screw 1.2 because it causes the suction 1.3 is guaranteed better and more reliable and not so much fine solid particles are sucked with.

In 5 an aluminum fraction (almost pure aluminum) is shown, which was obtained with the device according to the invention of shredded wastes of the dual system containing composite board with aluminum. The wastes of the dual system (composite board and other plastics) were shredded and treated at a temperature of 350 to 650 ° C in the reactor. The final substance is ashes with almost pure aluminum. The extracted gas can be used to operate the plant or otherwise as a fuel.

With the solution according to the invention It is thus possible for the first time in only one process step from shredded waste of the Dual system again almost pure metal / aluminum to win back. With the solution according to the invention can still a surprise size Volume reduction of different starting materials made of composite material be achieved. It contains valuable substances that are otherwise mixed with the waste materials have reached the landfill, z. As metal fractions, can from the End substances removed and recycled to the economic cycle.

Claims (26)

Plant for treating and treating waste materials from metal-containing composite materials, in particular composite cartons (tetrapacks), consisting of - a reactor ( 1 ) with a feed (Z) for the waste materials as starting substances (SA) and a discharge (A) for the final substances (SE), the waste materials in the reactor ( 1 ) can be exposed to a temperature which ensures pyrolysis / pyrolysis of the non-metallic constituents of the composite materials, and - from a separator in which the metal is separable from the swelled / pyrolyzed non-metallic constituents. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) a pyrolysis of the starting materials ensuring temperature is adjustable. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) a low-temperature pyrolysis ensuring temperature up to 500 ° C is adjustable. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) a temperature of 500 ° C to 800 ° C, which ensures the medium temperature pyrolysis is adjustable. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) a high-temperature pyrolysis ensuring temperature above 800 ° C is adjustable. Plant according to claim 13, characterized in that the temperature in the reactor ( 1 ) Is 250 ° C to 650 ° C. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at the output of the reactor ( 1 ) a separating device in the form of a discharge screw ( 10 ). Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the discharge screw ( 10 ) in a at least on its underside sieve-like perforated screw shell tube ( 11 ) is arranged. Installation according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the separating device is a collecting container for the sieved constituents / end substances (SE) is assigned. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized that in the discharge screw of pyrolyzed starting materials in the form of metal-containing composite materials, the metal deposits from the other pyrolyzed components of the composite material are separable. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the separating device is a suitable for Pelettieren the metal deposits Pelettieranlage ( 13 ) is subordinate. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the reactor ( 1 ) at least one snail shell ( 1.1 ), in which a rotating screw ( 1.2 ) is arranged, that the reactor a heating unit ( 2 ) and that in the screw shell ( 1.1 ) an extraction ( 3 ) for which the thermal treatment of waste materials from these separated gases / vapors (D) is connected. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the reactor ( 1 ) and / or the screw shell ( 1.1 ) are sealed to the environment as far as possible or completely. Plant according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the feed to the reactor ( 1 ) and / or removal from the reactor ( 1 ) in the form of a seal to the surrounding atmosphere ensuring cellular rotary valve (Z) is formed. Installation according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the feed into the screw shell ( 1.1 ) and / or discharge from the screw shell ( 1.1 ) in the form of a seal to the surrounding atmosphere ensuring cellular rotary valve (Z) is formed. Plant according to one of Claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the region of the screw (15) adjoining the feed ( 1.2 ) has a slope (a) in which the starting substances (SA) are compressed so that a seal is ensured to the surrounding atmosphere. Plant according to one of Claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the area of the screw ( 1.2 ) has a pitch (c) in which the end substances (SE) are compressed so that a seal is ensured to the surrounding atmosphere. Installation according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that it comprises a heating unit ( 2 ) associated combustor ( 5 ) for thermal afterburning of the gases / vapors (D). Installation according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the gases / vapors (D) of a power supply device ( 9 ) can be supplied. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that a first part (T1) of the gases / vapors (D) the combustor ( 5 ) and the heating unit ( 2 ) and a second part (T2) of the gases / vapors (D) of the power supply device ( 9 ) can be supplied. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized that the volume of treated substances (SE) in relation to Volume of the starting substances (SA) is reduced up to 90%. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized that the starting substances are DSD sorting residues. Plant according to claim 22, characterized that when using starting substances (SA) in the form of DSD sorting residues the final substances (SE) are ashes with metal deposits and the extracted gases / vapors (D) can be used as fuel gas. Plant according to claim 23, characterized that the fuel gas is used to operate the plant. Plant according to one of Claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the reactor ( 1 ) a snail shell ( 1.1 ) whose height (H 1.1) is greater than the diameter (D1.2) in the screw shell ( 1.1 ) ( 1.1 ). Plant according to claim 25, characterized in that the screw shell ( 1.1 ) tapers in cross section upwards.