DE102007049964A1 - lubricant composition - Google Patents

Abstract

There is provided a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of an oil base and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, provided that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2 4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the following formula: $ F1 wherein R <SUP> 1 </ SUP> and R <SUP> 2 </ SUP> are each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

Related to related application

These Registration is a continuation-in-part and claims the benefit U.S. Pat. Patent Application No. 11 / 609,084 filed on Dec. 11 2006, their disclosure here by reference in its entirety is included.

Area of the revelation

The The present disclosure relates to additive and lubricant compositions and methods of use thereof. More specifically, this invention relates an additive composition which is a synergistic combination which comprises (i) a triazole compound, and (ii) a nitrogen-containing Compound includes.

Background of the Revelation

diesel engines are used in a variety of applications and lubricant compositions for use in diesel engines are known. Among the various Types of diesel engines, there are diesel engines at medium speeds, which are used in applications where thousands of horsepower (e.g. 2000 to 10,000 horsepower) to be used. This concludes Drive motors for Draft, seagoing vessels, workboats, which operate on inland and coastal waterways be operated, and stationary or continuous electrical power generation for a variety of uses, including Railway locomotives, offshore drilling platforms and industrial facilities and buildings, one. Typically, these engines run at a speed from about 100 to about 1200 rpm. This challenging environment results in the oxidation of the oil, which results in corrosion of the metals present in the engine can.

diesel engines at medium speeds are unique among diesel engines, generally because these engines often use silver parts, such as silver bearings, exhibit. Apart from providing stability against Oxidation and protection against the formation of sludge and carbonaceous Deposits must so lubricant compositions which are for use in diesel engines At medium speeds are intended to be specialized Silver protectants are formulated to allow the silver storage in the Engine either by the additives in the oil or by the decomposition products, which during an extended engine operation are generated, not attacked become. Such agents, often called silver lubricants be designated protect against extreme pressure, wear and tear Corrosion.

A typical engine lubricant composition could include extreme pressure and antiwear agents. The most commonly used extreme pressure and antiwear agents are sulfur containing compounds such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDP). However, it is known that some sulfur-containing compounds can not be used in engines with silver parts because of their known tendency to damage the silver parts. This perceived inclination is for example in U.S. Patent No. 4,428,850 explained. Thus, it is desirable to find an additive composition which can provide oxidation protection and, in some cases, be free of these potentially damaging compounds containing active sulfur.

SUMMARY OF THE REVELATION

wobei R¹ und R² jeweils unabhängig aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, welche aus mindestens einer Aryleinheit, welche etwa 6 bis etwa 30 Atome umfasst, Wasserstoff, Halogen, Hydroxy, Hydrocarbyl, substituiertem Hydrocarbyl, Amino, Amido, Phosphoro und Sulfono besteht, umfasst.According to the disclosure, an additive composition is provided which comprises (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, provided that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the following formula:

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted Hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono.

wobei R¹ und R² jeweils unabhängig aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, welche aus mindestens einer Aryleinheit, welche etwa 6 bis etwa 30 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst, Wasserstoff, Halogen, Hydroxy, Hydrocarbyl, substituiertem Hydrocarbyl, Amino, Amido, Phosphoro und Sulfono besteht, umfasst.In one embodiment, a lubricant composition is provided which comprises a major amount of an oil base; and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the following formula:

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono ,

wobei R¹ und R² jeweils unabhängig aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, welche aus mindestens einer Aryleinheit, welche etwa 6 bis etwa 30 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst, Wasserstoff, Halogen, Hydroxy, Hydrocarbyl, substituiertem Hydrocarbyl, Amino, Amido, Phosphoro und Sulfono besteht, umfasst.In another embodiment, there is provided a lubricant composition comprising an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the following formula:

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono ,

wobei R¹ und R² jeweils unabhängig aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, welche aus mindestens einer Aryleinheit, welche etwa 6 bis etwa 30 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst, Wasserstoff, Halogen, Hydroxy, Hydrocarbyl, substituiertem Hydrocarbyl, Amino, Amido, Phosphoro und Sulfono besteht, umfasst.In addition, there is provided a method of improving the oxidation protection of a lubricant composition, the method comprising: providing a machine having a lubricant composition containing a major amount of an oil base; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, provided that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the following formula:

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono ,

wobei R¹ und R² jeweils unabhängig aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, welche aus mindestens einer Aryleinheit, welche etwa 6 bis etwa 30 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst, Wasserstoff, Halogen, Hydroxy, Hydrocarbyl, substituiertem Hydrocarbyl, Amino, Amido, Phosphoro und Sulfono besteht, umfasst, umfasst.Further, there is provided a method of operating a machine which comprises adding a lubricant composition containing a major amount of an oil base; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, provided that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the following formula:

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono , includes.

wobei R¹ und R² jeweils unabhängig aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, welche aus mindestens einer Aryleinheit, welche etwa 6 bis etwa 30 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst, Wasserstoff, Halogen, Hydroxy, Hydrocarbyl, substituiertem Hydrocarbyl, Amino, Amido, Phosphoro und Sulfono besteht, umfasst, umfasst.In addition, there is provided a method of lubricating at least one moving part of a machine, the method comprising contacting at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of an oil base and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition: (i) a triazole compound substituted with Aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the following formula:

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono , includes.

additional The objects and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the description, which follows, sets forth, and / or may through the practice of the disclosure be learned. The tasks and benefits of the disclosure will be by means of the elements and combinations, which in particular in the set forth in the appended claims are, realized and achieved.

It is taken for granted, that both the above general description and the The following detailed description is only by way of example and for explanation and for the disclosure as claimed is not limiting.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

wobei R¹ und R² jeweils unabhängig aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, welche aus mindestens einer Aryleinheit, welche etwa 6 bis etwa 30 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst, Wasserstoff, Halogen, Hydroxy, Hydrocarbyl, substituiertem Hydrocarbyl, Amino, Amido, Phosphoro und Sulfono besteht, umfasst.The present disclosure generally relates to a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of an oil base and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, provided that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1, 2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the following formula:

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono ,

As used here, the phrase "bulk" is meant to be a lot higher than or equal to 50% by weight, for example from about 80 to about 98% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Like here used, should about it In addition, the term "minor constituent amount" is an amount lower than 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

As as used herein refers to "aromatic" or "aryl," unless expressly otherwise indicated, the typical substituted or unsubstituted non-aliphatic Hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic units of this class, e.g. a polyunsaturated, typically aromatic, cyclic or heterocyclic hydrocarbyl substituents, which has a single ring or multiple rings (up to three rings), which are condensed together or covalently connected, can have. Typical aromatic hydrocarbyl units include phenyl, Naphthyl, biphenylenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenalenyl and the like one. Such units are optionally with one or more hydrocarbyl substituents substituted. Also included are aryl units which come with other aryl units are substituted, such as biphenyl. heterocyclic Aryl or aromatic moieties refer to unsaturated cyclic moieties, which carbon atoms in the ring and additionally one or more heteroatoms, which typically oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and / or Are phosphorus, such as pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, thiazolyl, Pyranyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, etc. Such units are optionally substituted with one or more substituents such as Hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted lower alkoxy, amino, amide, ester units and Carbonyl units (e.g., aldehyde or ketone units).

As as used herein, "alkaryl" refers to, unless expressly otherwise an alkyl moiety corresponding to those described above typical substituted or unsubstituted non-aliphatic Hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic units is substituted. typical Aryl units include phenyl, Naphthyl, benzyl and the like. Such units are optional with one or more substituents such as hydroxy, optionally substituted Alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, amino, amide, ester units and carbonyl units (e.g., aldehyde or ketone units).

As used herein, the terms "hydrocarbon", "hydrocarbyl" or "hydrocarbon-based" mean that the described moiety has predominantly hydrocarbon character in the con text of this invention. These include units which are inherently a pure hydrocarbon, that is they contain only carbon and hydrogen. They may also include moieties containing substituents or atoms which do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the moiety. Such substituents may include halo, alkoxy, nitro, etc. These units may also contain heteroatoms. Suitable heteroatoms will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include, for example, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorous. Therefore, while they are predominantly hydrocarbon in character within the context of this invention, these units may contain atoms other than carbon which are present in a chain or ring otherwise composed of carbon atoms.

As As used herein, the term "synergy" and its grammatical variations the interaction of elements which, when combined, one Generate overall effect greater than is the sum of the individual elements.

A Triazole compound for use in the compositions suitable for use in the present invention, any triazole, which is substituted with an aryl moiety, with the exception of one Alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles. In some embodiments the triazole compound is a 1,2,3-triazole compound. In other embodiments the triazole compound is a 1,2,4-triazole compound.

When an example may be the triazole compound with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety which is a single ring or multiple rings, for example, covalently linked rings, substituted be. Non-limiting Examples of substituted aryl units which are covalently linked Include rings, close Biphenyl, 1,1'-binaphthyl, p, p'-bitolyl, biphenylenyl and the like. As another example, the aryl unit include multiple condensed rings. Non-limiting examples aryl units comprising multiple condensed rings, shut down Naphthyl, anthryl, pyrenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenalenyl and the like one. As another example, the aryl unit may be a single Ring covalently bonded to the triazole. Non-limiting examples of aryl units which covalently attach to a single ring the triazole is bound, include phenyl and the like one. As another example, the aryl unit may be a single Ring fused to the triazole include. A non-limiting Example of such a compound includes benzotriazole. An example a commercially available Triazole compound which is suitable for use herein a benzotriazole, which is an off-white solid with a melting point in the range of 95 to 99 ° C, one Flash point of 170 ° C and a water solubility of 25 g / l at 20 ° C is. The triazole compound may be combined / reacted / mixed with other additives be to their solubility in a composition increase.

wobei R³ aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, welche aus Wasserstoff und mindestens einer Alkyleinheit, welche etwa 1 bis etwa 24 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst, besteht, und wobei R⁴ aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, welche aus Wasserstoff, mindestens einer Alkyleinheit, welche etwa 1 bis etwa 24 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst, und einer substituierten Hydrocarbyleinheit besteht. In einer anderen Ausführungsform können R³ und R⁴ der durch die Formel (I) dargestellten Triazolverbindung jeweils unabhängig etwa 1 bis etwa 16 Kohlenstoffatome umfassen.In one embodiment, the triazole compound can be represented by the formula (I) below:

wherein R ³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and at least one alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and wherein R ⁴ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, at least one alkyl moiety containing from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and a substituted hydrocarbyl moiety. In another embodiment, R ³ and R ^{4 of} the triazole compound represented by the formula (I) may each independently independently comprise from about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms.

The triazole compound may be present in the disclosed lubricant and additive compositions in any effective amount which may be readily determined by one skilled in the art. In addition, the triazole compound may be present in any synergistically effective amount. In one embodiment, the lubricant composition of the present disclosure may be from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight and, for example, from about 0.05% to about 0.5% by weight of the triazole compound, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition. In another embodiment, the additive composition of the present disclosure may comprise from about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the triazole compound, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.

wobei R¹ und R² jeweils unabhängig aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, welche aus mindestens einer Aryleinheit, welche etwa 6 bis etwa 30 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst, Wasserstoff, Halogen, Hydroxy, Hydrocarbyl, substituiertem Hydrocarbyl, Amino, Amido, Phosphoro und Sulfono besteht. Zum Beispiel kann sowohl R¹ als auch R² der Stickstoff-enthaltenden Verbindung eine Aryleinheit, welche etwa 6 bis etwa 30 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst, umfassen. Nicht-einschränkende Beispiele von Aryleinheiten schließen Alkphenyl von Phenyl, Benzyl, Naphthyl und Alkaryl ein. Als ein anderes Beispiel können R¹ und R² jeweils unabhängig Alkaryl, wie Alkphenyl oder Alknaphthyl, wobei die Alkyleinheit etwa 4 bis etwa 30 und zum Beispiel etwa 4 bis etwa 12 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst, umfassen. Als noch ein anderes Beispiel können R¹ und R² jeweils unabhängig eine substituierte oder nicht substituierte Aryleinheit umfassen. Nicht-einschränkende Beispiele von Substituenten für die Aryleinheit können eine Alkyleinheit, welche etwa 1 bis etwa 20 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst, Hydroxyl-, Carboxyl- und Nitroeinheiten einschließen. Als ein anderes Beispiel können R¹ und R² jeweils unabhängig ein Alkyl-substituiertes Benzyl, Phenyl oder Naphthyl sein.The disclosed compositions may also comprise a nitrogen-containing compound. There is no particular limitation on the type of nitrogen-containing compound that can be used in the disclosed compositions of the present disclosure. In general, a nitrogen-containing compound which is suitable for use herein can be represented by the formula (II) below:

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono. For example, both R ¹ and R ^{2 of} the nitrogen-containing compound may comprise an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of aryl moieties include the phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl and alkaryl alkyphenyl. As another example, R ¹ and R ^{2 may} each independently comprise alkaryl, such as alkyphenyl or alknaphthyl, wherein the alkyl moiety comprises from about 4 to about 30 and, for example, from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms. As yet another example, R ¹ and R ^{2 may} each independently comprise a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety. Non-limiting examples of substituents for the aryl moiety may include an alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, hydroxyl, carboxyl and nitro moieties. As another example, R ¹ and R ^{2 may} each independently be an alkyl-substituted benzyl, phenyl or naphthyl.

Other non-limiting examples of nitrogen-containing compounds which are suitable include: phenylamine; diphenylamine; triphenylamine; various alkylated phenylamines, diphenylamines and triphenylamines; N, N'-bis alkylamine (4-aminophenyl); 3-hydroxydiphenylamine; N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine; dibutyldiphenylamine; dioctyldiphenylamine; dinonyl; Phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine; Phenyl-beta-naphthylamine; Diheptyldiphenylamine and p-oriented styrenated diphenylamine. Additional non-limiting examples of suitable nitrogen-containing compounds and their methods of preparation include those in U.S. Pat U.S. Patent No. 6,218,576 , the descriptions of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The Nitrogen-containing compounds used herein may include a Structure different from that shown in formula (II) above but which shows a nitrogen atom in the molecule. consequently For example, the nitrogen-containing compound may have a different Structure include, with the proviso, that at least one nitrogen has at least one aryl unit excited thereon has, e.g. as in the case of different diamines with one secondary Nitrogen atom and an aryl, which is attached to one of the nitrogens added is.

The Nitrogen-containing compounds used herein may have antioxidant properties in the disclosed compositions when alone can be used but also synergistic properties in the presence of one here have described triazole compound. For example, the Oxidation protection by the triazole compound and / or the nitrogen-containing Compound alone is substantially increased when these materials are in the disclosed lubricant compositions present, showing synergism. The synergy can a lower required treatment rate of the additive composition enable, at a desired delivery level of oxidation protection than would otherwise be necessary if either the triazole compound or the nitrogen-containing compound alone would be used. In addition, should the nitrogen-containing compounds used herein in one Be lubricant end composition soluble.

The amount of nitrogen-containing compound in the disclosed compositions may vary depending on the particular requirements and uses. In one embodiment, the nitrogen-containing compound may be present in a synergistically effective amount. In one embodiment, the lubricant composition of the present disclosure may be about 0.01 wt% to about 10% by weight and for example about 0.3% to about 3% by weight of the nitrogen-containing compound, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition. In another embodiment, the additive compositions of the present disclosure may comprise from about 0.07% to about 33% by weight of the nitrogen-containing compound, relative to the total weight of the additive composition.

The Compositions disclosed herein may optionally contain additives, such as dispersants, ash-containing detergents, low-ash detergents, overbased Detergents, pour point depressants, Viscosity index modifiers, ash-containing friction modifiers, low-ash friction modifiers, Nitrogen-containing friction modifier, nitrogen-free Friction modifier, esterified friction modifier, Funds for extreme pressures, rust inhibitors, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, Antifoams, titanium compounds, titanium complexes, organic soluble molybdenum compounds, organic soluble Molybdenum complexes, Boron-containing compounds, boron-containing complexes, tungsten-containing compounds Compounds, tungsten-containing complexes and combinations thereof, contain. In one embodiment can the compositions have different levels of at least one titanium-containing Connection dependent from the needs and requirements of use. In another embodiment can the compositions have different levels of at least one molybdenum-containing Connection dependent from the needs and requirements of use.

In an embodiment can the lubricant compositions of the present application in Essentially free of, as without, compounds which are active free Containing sulfur. As used here, the paraphrase is "more active Sulfur "as sulfur-containing Defined connections, which are essentially with machine parts would implement wherein metal sulfides are formed at normal engine running temperatures in the range of about 100 ° C below about 400 ° C. Active sulfur is differentiated from non-active sulfur, which essentially does not react at temperatures below 400 ° C, but which can implement sufficiently, with metal sulfides be formed at temperatures below 400 ° C, so engine parts under conditions of extreme pressures or where boundary conditions exist too protect. The person skilled in the art will easily understand that temperatures which are in the Essentially about 400 °, can occur at different positions in engines, which typically operated at lower temperatures, such as below 400 ° C be, due to these border regions and regions of extreme To Print. Such border regions and regions of extreme pressures can for example, when a particular engine part, such as a warehouse, is put under load. Non-active sulfur compounds can be used which are implemented to engine parts at these high temperatures to protect, while they are essentially not lower at the generally lower levels Implement engine working temperatures. Accordingly, one skilled in the art will understand that Compounds containing active sulfur, such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), a measurable harmful Effect on some engines, such as medium speed diesel engines or machines that contain silver parts, while non-active Sulfur compounds, meanwhile, can be used to power engine parts in these Protect machines. At least for this reason, it may be desirable to have active sulfur compounds from the formulations which are for use in such machines are intended to be omitted. The expert will know how the Effect of sulfur-containing compounds on machine parts is determined, such as by measuring the amount of dissolved silver in the lubricant and / or the scale of the deposits on the Silver parts. The term "im Essentially free " for the purpose of this application as concentrations with essentially no measurable harmful Defined effect.

In some embodiments are the lubricant compositions of the present application essentially free of, as without, compounds containing phosphorus contain. In other embodiments can the compositions of the present application substantially free of compounds containing boron. It may be desirable be phosphorus and / or boron-containing compounds of the formulations omit the present application, so that these elements as Markers are used to indicate lubricant contamination can. For example, railway engine oils are generally free of Formulated phosphorus and boron. While In use, the oils become periodic investigated for phosphorus and / or boron, whose presence can indicate that the oil with e.g. ZDDP or contaminated in the case of boron-containing coolant during engine operation has been. In this way, the phosphorus and / or the boron act as Marker to indicate contamination of the lubricant. The Circumscription essentially free means that the composition only trace amounts of phosphorus and / or boron are included so that concentrations These elements essentially have no effect on the assets of Phosphorus and boron, to be used as markers.

Base oils which are suitable for use in formulating the disclosed compositions are, can be selected from any of the synthetic or mineral oils or mixtures thereof. mineral oils shut down animal oil and vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard oil) as well as other mineral lubricating oils like light oils based on petroleum and solvent-treated or acid-treated Mineral lubricating oils the paraffin, naphthene or Paraffin-naphthenic mixture types. Coal or slate derived oils are also suitable. Furthermore, oils, which of a gas-liquid process are derived, suitable.

The oil basis may be present in a major amount, where "principal amount" is higher than or equal to 50%, for example, about 80 to about 98 weight percent the lubricant composition, mean.

The oil basis can be any desired Viscosity, which for the intended purpose is suitable to have. Examples of suitable engine oil viscosities may be in the Range from about 2 to about 150 cSt and as another example from about 5 to about 15 cSt at 100 ° C lie. Consequently, you can for example, oil basics in viscosity ranges from about SAE 15 to about SAE 250 and as another example of about SAE 20W to about SAE 50 are classified. Suitable automotive oils also include oils with multiple qualities such as 15W-140, 20W-50, 75W-140, 80W-90, 85W-140, 85W-90, and the like one.

Non-limiting examples of synthetic oils shut down Hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, Polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, etc.); Poly-alpha-olefins like poly (1-hexene), Poly (1-octene), poly (1-decene), etc., and mixtures thereof; alkyl benzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, dinonylbenzene, di (2-ethylhexyl) benzene, etc.); Polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyl, alkylated polyphenyls, etc.); alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogs and homologs thereof and the like.

Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof wherein the terminal hydroxyl moieties have been modified by esterification, etherification, etc. represent another class of known synthetic oils which may be used. Such oils are characterized by the oils which are formed by polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the alkyl and aryl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (eg, methylpolyisopropylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of about 1,000, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 500 to 1,000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 1,000 to 1,500, etc.) or mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof, for example the acetic acid esters, mixed C _3-8 fatty acid esters or the C ₁₃ -oxic diesters of tetraethylene glycol, exemplified.

A another class of synthetic oils, which can be used includes the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., phthalic acid, Succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenylsuccinic maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic, sebacic, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic malonic, alkylmalonic alkenyl, etc.) with a variety of alcohols (e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, Dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, Propylene glycol, etc.). Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, Di (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, Diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of the linoleic acid dimer, the complex ester, by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid is formed, and the like.

Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C _5-12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, etc.

Thus, the oil base used to prepare the compositions as described herein may be selected from any of the oil bases in Groups I to V as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines. Such basic oil groups are as follows:
Group I contains less than 90% saturates and / or more than 0.03% sulfur and has a viscosity index of greater than or equal to 80 and lower than 120; Group II contains greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and has a viscosity index greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120; Group III contains greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and has a viscosity index greater than or equal to 120; Group IV are poly-alpha-olefins (PAO); and Group V includes all other bases not included in Group I, II, III or IV.

The Test methods used in the definition of the above groups used are ASTM D2007 for saturated substances; ASTM D2270 for Viscosity Index; and one of ASTM D2622, 4294, 4927 and 3120 for sulfur.

group IV basics, i. Poly-alpha-olefins (PAO), include hydrogenated Oligomers of an alpha-olefin, wherein the main oligomerization Radical, Ziegler catalysis and cationic Friedel-Crafts catalysis are.

The Poly-alpha-olefins typically have viscosities in the range from 2 to 100 cSt at 100 ° C, to Example 4 to 8 cSt at 100 ° C, on. You can for example, oligomers of branched or straight-chain alpha-olefins with about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms; non-limiting examples Polypropenes, polyisobutenes, poly-1-butenes, poly-1-hexene, poly-1-octenes and poly-1-decene. Included are homopolymers, interpolymers and mixtures.

Regarding the remainder of the base referred to above, includes a group I foundation "too a Group I basis, with which a basis (s) of a or more other groups can be mixed, provided that the resulting mixture has characteristics which are in those fall for the above Group I basics were specified.

exemplary Close the basics Group I fundamentals and mixtures of Group II fundamentals with a Group I Foundation.

Basics which are suitable for use herein can be determined using a Variety of different processes, which distillation, solvent refining, Hydrogen processing, oligomerization, esterification and renewed Include refining, but not limited to that are to be produced.

The oil base may be an oil derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons. Fischer-Tropsch synthesized hydrocarbons can be produced using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst from synthesis gas containing H ₂ and CO. Such hydrocarbons typically require further processing to be useful as the base oil. For example, the hydrocarbons may be prepared using in US Pat. No. 6,103,099 or 6,180,575 disclosed methods hydroisomerized; using in US Pat. No. 4,943,672 or 6,096,940 disclosed methods hydrocracked and hydroisomerized; using in U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,505 dewaxed; or using in US Pat. No. 6,013,171 ; 6,080,301 or 6,165,949 disclosed methods are hydroisomerized and dewaxed.

Not refined, refined and refined oils, either of the mineral type or synthesized (as well as mixtures of two or more of any of these), as disclosed hereinabove, can be found in the oil bases be used. Unrefined oils are those that are direct from a mineral or synthetic source without further purification treatment to be obtained. For example a shale oil, obtained directly from retort smoldering, a petroleum-based oil, which directly from a primary Distillation is obtained, or an ester oil, which directly from a Esterification process is obtained, and which without further treatment used, an unrefined oil. Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils, except that they continue to be treated in one or more purification steps were to improve one or more properties. Many such Cleaning techniques are known in the art, such as solvent extraction, secondary Distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, etc. Re-refined oils obtained by methods similar to those for obtaining of refined oils used, the methods applied to refined oils which have already been used in the company. Such again refined oils are also known as regenerated or remanufactured oils and often in addition processed by techniques that consumed the removal of Additives, impurities and oil degradation products are aligned.

wobei R¹ und R² jeweils unabhängig aus der Gruppe ausgewählt sind, welche aus mindestens einer Aryleinheit, welche etwa 6 bis etwa 30 Atome umfasst, Wasserstoff, Halogen, Hydroxy, Hydrocarbyl, substituiertem Hydrocarbyl, Amino, Amido, Phosphoro und Sulfono besteht, umfasst, in einer Maschine umfassen.According to various embodiments, there is a method for improving the oxidation protection in a lubricant composition. As used herein, the term "oxidation protection enhancement" is intended to enhance the oxidation protection that a composition can provide in a machine, eg, reduce the level of infrared carbonyl absorption and / or reduce the kinematic viscosity of a composition used in a machine In comparison with a composition which does not comprise the combination disclosed herein, the process for improving the oxidation may include providing a lubricant composition which is a principal quantity of an oil base; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, provided that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II):

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono to include in a machine.

According to different embodiments is also a method for lubricating at least one moving part a machine, the method comprising contacting the at least one moving part with a lubricant composition, which a major amount of an oil basis and a minor amount of the disclosed synergistic additive composition includes.

In other embodiments also discloses a method of operating a machine, which comprises adding a lubricant composition which is a Main quantity of an oil basis and a minor amount of the disclosed synergistic additive composition includes.

The Machine in the disclosed methods may be selected from the group which from spark-ignited and compression-ignited internal combustion engines, including diesel engines, marine engines, Wankel engines, turbine engines, locomotive engines, propulsion engines, Aircraft piston engines, stationary Motors for power generation, continuous motors for power generation and motors comprising silver parts. Furthermore the at least one moving part of a gear, piston, Bearing, rod, spring, camshaft, crankshaft, rotors and the like be selected.

The Lubricating composition can be any composition which when lubricating a machine is effective. In one embodiment the composition is selected from the group consisting of oils for diesel engines at medium speeds, passenger car engine oils and Heavy duty diesel engine oils consists. In one embodiment the composition is an oil for diesel engines with medium speeds.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are for Illustrating the invention and its advantageous properties. In These examples as well as elsewhere in this application are all parts and percentages by weight, if not otherwise is specified. It is intended that these examples are only for the purpose of Illustration is provided and not with them intends to limit the scope of the invention disclosed herein.

Lubricant compositions which are essentially free of compounds which contain active sulfur, Boron and phosphorus are contained, were on their fortune, against To protect oxidation tested. The following examples show the synergism that exists when a triazole compound and a nitrogen-containing compound, like an arylamine, into a lubricant composition, such as a Engine oil, be formulated. The examples also show that this synergism is unique when using antioxidant compounds alone or in combination.

EXAMPLE 1

In this example, the lubricant base composition was as follows: TABLE 1 - Basic composition COMPONENT Wt .-% Functionalized polymer 2-5 Dialkylthiadiazol 0.01-1 Sulfurized olefin (anti-wear) 0.01-1 Low basic detergent 1-4 High basic detergent 1-5 dispersants 1-10 Oil base 40/60 mixture rest

As shown in Table 2 below, Mixtures 2 to 8 included at least one additional component in addition to the above base composition. A triazole compound was a benzotriazole made by Afton Chemical Corporation in which 25% by weight of benzotriazole was dissolved in a primary t-alkylamine (Primene JM-T, available from Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia, PA) and neutral solvent mineral oil so as to be in the base composition of Table 1 was soluble. The arylamine compound was a dialkyldiphenylamine. To eliminate the possibility of the primary t-alkylamine contributing to the oxidative stability of the compositions, the primary t-alkylamine was also tested with the triazole compound (5), the arylamine compound (6) and a combination of the two (8). TABLE 2 - Lubricant Compositions 1 (basis) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8th N-containing compound (wt%) - 0.30 - 0.30 0.30 0.30 Primary t-alkylamine (wt%) - - 1.125 - 1.125 1.125 - 1.125 Triazole compound (wt%) - 0,375 - - 0,375 - 0,375 0,375

The oxidation stability of these eight lubricant compositions was determined by the Ethylene Oxidation Test measured. Oxygen was passed through a test tube which was suspended Iron, copper and lead chips and contained one of the lubricant compositions of Table 2, at 300 ° F directed. An air cooler held the bulk the volatile one Substances back and the lubricant composition became samples every 24 hours taken and analyzed. Of the lubricant compositions used Oxidation control has become known in the art Method of measuring the increase in kinematic viscosity and Evaluated infrared carbonyl absorptions of the oil oxidation products.

The higher the carbonyl absorption, the lower the oxidation protection that the particular lubricant composition imparts to the machine. The higher the viscosity increase, the less stable a particular lubricant composition is against oxidation. The results are provided in Tables 3 and 4 below. TABLE 3 - Viscosity increase Percentage increase in kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C lubricant composition 48 h 72 h 96 h Basic mixture 4.2 24.5 56.2 2 5 30.3 71.4 3 7.1 30.5 68.6 4 -5.1 9.2 41.7 5 11.4 37.8 83.3 6 -1.6 16.8 44.4 7 -1.4 -1.8 -3.9 8th -1.2 -2.7 -4.1 TABLE 4 - Infrared Carbonyl Absorption FTIR carbonyl Abs / cm at 1710 cm ^-1 lubricant composition 48 h 72 h 96 h Basic mixture 108 149 178 2 87 119 154 3 94 134 160 4 72 132 166 5 104 154 177 6 78 131 153 7 -5 -3 -1 8th 7 10 13

As shown in Tables 3 and 4, the basic mixture showed which the triazole compound (2), the primary t-alkylamine (3) or the Nitrogen-containing compound (4) included some early low oxidation protection. The nitrogen-containing compound (4) showed the best performance of the three lubricant compositions with a reduction of 33% in carbonyl absorption at 48 hours of testing, a reduction of 11% at 72 hours and a 7% reduction at 96 hours. The viscosity increases for the Triazole compound (2) or the primary t-alkylamine (3) were with comparable to the basic mixture. The nitrogen-containing Compound (4) showed low viscosity increases at 48 and 72 hours, but a high viscosity increase at 96 hours. The lubricant composition (6) was with the nitrogen-containing Compound alone (4) in both carbonyl absorptions and the viscosity increases comparable. The lubricant composition (5) practically showed no effect on the oxidation, the carbonyl absorption being the same to the base mix was and the viscosity increases higher than that were the basic mix. So had the triazole compound (2) and the primary t-alkylamine (3) alone or in combination a small effect in the oxidation protection of a basic mixture, which is free from active sulfur was as by carbonyl absorption or viscosity increases shown. With or without the primary t-alkylamine put the nitrogen-containing compound (4) alone something Oxidation protection ready.

The nitrogen-containing compound in combination with the triazole compound (7) showed significant synergism in both carbonyl absorption and viscosity increases. The negative carbonyl absorbance values over 96 hours of testing in Table 4 show that no detectable oxidation occurred. A small amount of oxidation was due to the small decrease in viscosity over 96 hours, as in Table 3 demonstrated. The ternary combination of nitrogen-containing compound, triazole compound and primary t-alkylamine (8) showed low levels of oxidation products through carbonyl absorption and slightly greater viscosity decreases, indicating that the primary t-alkylamine has a slight tendency to oxidize. Thus, the synergistic effect of the combination of the nitrogen-containing compound with the triazole compound (7) can be attributed. The primary t-alkylamine plays no role in the observed effect on the oxidation.

EXAMPLE 2

The base composition of Table 1 was reused but with varying amounts of a triazole compound and a nitrogen-containing compound as shown in Table 5 below. TABLE 5 - Lubricant Compositions 9 10 11 12 13 14 N-containing compound (wt%) - 0.30 0.30 0.30 Triazole compound (wt%) 0,375 0,100 0,050 0,375 0,100 0,050

The oxidation stability of these compositions was also measured by the ethylene oxidation test. Of the compositions, the oxidation control was evaluated by methods for measuring the increase in kinematic viscosity and infrared carbonyl absorptions of the oxidation products as described above. The results are shown in Tables 6 and 7 below. TABLE 6 - Viscosity increase Percent increase in kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C lubricant composition 48 h 72 h 96 h 9 5 30.3 71.4 10 8.3 35.7 84.7 11 3.7 27.4 63.4 12 -1.4 -1.8 -3.9 13 -1.8 -8.4 -0.8 14 -1.8 -8.7 6.6 TABLE 7 - Infrared Carbonyl Absorption FTIR carbonyl absorption Abs / cm at 1710 cm ^-1 lubricant composition 48 h 72 h 96 h 9 87 119 154 10 96 139 164 11 88 131 145 12 -5 -3 -1 13 6 14 86 14 -8th 18 86

The Triazole compound in Table 2 was 0.375% by weight, which is traditional a fairly high concentration of benzotriazole is tested. As shown in Table 5, the triazole compound was used alone and with a nitrogen-containing compound at 0.10 wt .-% and 0.05 wt% benzotriazole tested to determine if lower Triazole amounts discussed above Influence results. As shown in Tables 6 and 7, the Triazole compound in the basic mixture alone, which in lower concentrations, e.g. 0.10% by weight (10) and 0.05% by weight (11), nor to viscosity increases associated with the Basic mix are comparable. The carbonyl absorptions were for all three triazole concentrations comparable and only about 20% lower as the foundation mix.

The Triazole compound, which at the two lower concentrations with a nitrogen-containing compound, 0.10 wt .-% (13) and 0.05 wt% (14), showed over 90% lower carbonyl absorption at 48 and 72 hours of testing and a 50% lower carbonyl absorption at 96 hours. The viscosity decreases from above 8% at 72 hours for both lower concentrations of the triazole compound showed that some oxidation took place. Even at 96 hours of testing showed the lowest triazole concentration, 0.05% by weight (14), an increase in viscosity of only 6.6%, an 88% decrease over the basics mix and an 84% decrease the nitrogen-containing compound alone in the basic mixture (4). So was with a nitrogen-containing compound and a Triazole compound, even at 0.05 wt .-%, a significant oxidation protection achieved as by carbonyl absorption and viscosity change measured.

It It is noted that the singular forms "a", "an", "an" and "the", "the", "the" as in this specification and the attached claims used, include plural references, if not express and is clearly limited to a reference. So concludes for example a reference to "a Antioxidant "two or more different antioxidants. As used here is by the term "include" and its grammatical Variants intends to be non-limiting, so the List of items in a list not for the exclusion of others similar Points substituted for the listed points or added can be stands.

For the purpose This description and the appended claims are intended all numbers expressing amounts, percentages or proportions, and other numerical values used in the description and the claims than in all cases viewed modified by the term "about" unless otherwise stated. Accordingly, the numerical parameters, which in the following description and the attached claims are presented, approximations, which depends from the desired ones Properties which are attempted by the present disclosure get, can vary, unless otherwise stated. Finally, and not as an attempt that Application of the equivalent principle on the scope of the claims restrict should be at least considering each numerical parameter the number of indicated significant digits and by using be designed by simple rounding techniques.

Even though special embodiments described Alternatives, Modifications, Variations, Improvements, and Key Equivalents which currently can not be seen or seen, for the applicants or others who are skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended that the attached claims, as they were submitted and can be changed, all such alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements and essential equivalents include.

Claims (35)

A synergistic additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, provided that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II):

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono. The synergistic additive composition of claim 1 wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each an aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms. Synergistic additive composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aryl unit is selected from the group which consists of phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl and alkaryl. Synergistic additive composition according to claim 3, wherein the alkaryl is selected from the group consisting of alkphenyl and alknaphthyl, wherein the alkyl moiety is about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms. Synergistic additive composition according to claim 4, wherein the alkyl moiety of the alkaryl is from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms includes. Synergistic additive composition according to one the claims 1 to 5, wherein the triazole compound with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety comprising multiple rings, is substituted. Synergistic additive composition according to one the claims 1 to 5, wherein the triazole compound with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl moiety comprising a single ring, is substituted. A synergistic additive composition according to claim 1, wherein the triazole compound is represented by the formula (I):

wherein R ³ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and at least one alkyl moiety comprising from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and wherein R ⁴ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, at least one alkyl moiety containing from about 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, and a substituted hydrocarbyl moiety. Synergistic additive composition according to claim 1, wherein the triazole compound is a benzotriazole. Synergistic additive composition according to one the claims 1 to 9, wherein the triazole compound in an amount in the range of from about 0.01% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the additive composition, is available. A synergistic additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the nitrogen ent is present in an amount ranging from about 0.07 wt .-% to about 33 wt .-%, relative to the total weight of the additive composition. Synergistic additive composition according to one the claims 1 to 11, further comprising at least one additive, which from the Group selected which are low in ash from dispersants, ash-containing detergents Detergents, overbased Detergents, pour point depressants, Viscosity index improvers, ash-containing friction modifier, low-ash friction modifier, nitrogen-containing Friction modifier, nitrogen-free friction modifier, esterified friction modifiers, extreme agents Prints, rust inhibitors, complementary Antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, antifoams, Titanium compounds, titanium complexes, organic soluble molybdenum compounds, organic soluble Molybdenum complexes, Boron-containing Compounds, boron-containing complexes, tungsten-containing compounds and tungsten-containing complexes. Synergistic additive composition according to one the claims 1 to 12, further comprising at least one molybdenum compound. Synergistic additive composition according to one the claims 1 to 13, further comprising at least one titanium compound. A lubricant composition comprising: a major amount of an oil base; and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, provided that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II):

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro, and sulfono. A lubricant composition according to claim 15, wherein the lubricant composition substantially free of compounds, which contains boron or phosphorus is. A lubricant composition according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the lubricant composition substantially free of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate. A lubricant composition according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the triazole compound in an amount in the range of about From 0.05% to about 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, is available. A lubricant composition according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound in an amount in Range from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight the composition is present. A lubricant composition according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound in an amount in Range from about 0.3% to about 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the Composition, is present. A lubricant composition according to any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the triazole compound is present at 0.05 wt .-% and the nitrogen-containing compound is present at 0.3% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. The lubricant composition of any one of claims 15 to 21, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of dispersants, ash-containing detergents, low ash detergents, overbased detergents, pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, ash-containing friction modifier, low-ash friction modes nitrogen-containing friction modifier, nitrogen-free friction modifier, esterified friction modifier, extreme pressure agent, rust inhibitor, supplemental antioxidant, corrosion inhibitor, antifoam, titanium compound, titanium complex, organic soluble molybdenum compound, organic soluble molybdenum complex, boron-containing compound, boron-containing complex , Tungsten-containing compounds and tungsten-containing complexes. A lubricant composition according to any one of claims 15 to 22, wherein the lubricant composition is selected from the group consisting of which from oils for diesel engines at medium speeds, passenger car engine oils and Heavy duty diesel engine oils consists. A lubricant composition according to any one of claims 15 to 23, further comprising at least one molybdenum compound. A lubricant composition according to any one of claims 15 to 24, further comprising at least one titanium compound. A lubricant composition comprising: a major amount of an oil base; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II):

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono. A method of improving the oxidation protection of a lubricant composition, the method comprising: providing a machine with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of an oil base; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II):

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono. The method of claim 27, wherein the machine comprises the group selected which is spark-ignited and compression-ignited internal combustion engines exists. The method of claim 28, wherein the engine is made the group selected which consists of diesel engines, marine engines, rotary engines, turbine engines, Locomotive engines, propulsion engines, aircraft piston engines, stationary engines for power generation, continuous motors for power generation and Engines which comprise silver parts consists. A method of operating a machine comprising: providing a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of an oil base; and a minor amount of an additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, with the proviso that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II):

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono the machine. The method of claim 30, wherein the engine is off the group selected which is spark-ignited and compression-ignited internal combustion engines exists. The method of claim 31, wherein the engine is made the group selected which consists of diesel engines, marine engines, rotary engines, turbine engines, Locomotive engines, propulsion engines, aircraft piston engines, stationary engines for power generation, continuous motors for power generation and Engines which comprise silver parts consists. A method of lubricating at least one moving part of a machine, the method comprising: contacting the at least one moving part with a lubricant composition comprising a major amount of an oil base; and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising: (i) a triazole compound substituted with an aryl moiety, provided that the triazole compound is not an alkyl bis-3-amino-1,2,4-triazole; and (ii) a nitrogen-containing compound represented by the formula (II):

wherein R ¹ and R ^{2 are} each independently selected from the group consisting of at least one aryl moiety comprising from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, amino, amido, phosphoro and sulfono. The method of claim 33, wherein the machine comprises the group selected which is spark-ignited and compression-ignited internal combustion engines exists. The method of claim 34, wherein the at least a moving part is selected from the group consisting of gears, pistons, Bearings, rods, springs, camshafts, crankshafts and rotors consists.