DE102007049506B3 - Ground covering with viscoelastic damping properties - Google Patents

Abstract

The cover has a layer (1) partially connected with a textile surface unit (2) in a planar manner by an elastomer adhesive, where the layer contains viscoelastic polymer foam. The textile surface unit exhibits an elastic modulus in a specific range. The polymer foam exhibits compression hardness in a specific range during 40 percentage of compression. The polymer foam exhibits a hysteresis between 20 and 70 percentage during the provision of the compression hardness. The polymer foam is selected from a group of polyurethane foam or a cross-linked impact foam of synthetic or natural latex. An independent claim is also included for a method for producing a ground cover.

Description

The The present invention relates to a ground cover comprising first textile surface element and one with the first textile surface element area and at least partially connected first layer, wherein the first layer viscoelastic polymer foam. Such ground coverings can For example, carpets be. The present invention further relates to a method for the production of a ground covering.

Carpeting can be in a range of applications. For example, they can in private living spaces or commercial real estate to be laid next to decorative Tasks include thermal insulation and sound insulation to take over. A possibility, around carpets is to anchor fibers into a carpet backing and then open the carpet backing the back to foam with a foam.

The mechanical properties of semi-hard to soft elastic foams made of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, melamine resin and polyurethane in the "Plastic Paperback", Hansjürgen Saechtling, 25th Edition, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, on page 521 in tabular form played.

DE 38 06 476 A1 discloses cold-curing polyurethane flexible foams with excellent damping properties, by reacting polyisocyanates with a) at least one at least two OH-containing polyether having an OH number of 20 to 60 based on 75 to 95 wt .-% propylene oxide and 5 to 25 wt % Ethylene oxide and b) a polyether or polyester having an OH number of from 150 to 400 and having at least two OH groups and c) a polyether having an OH number of from 20 to 200 based on propylene oxide and ethylene oxide and having at least two OH groups with an ethylene oxide content of more than 50 wt .-%, based on propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, in the presence of water and optionally organic blowing agents, catalysts and foam stabilizers and optionally other auxiliaries and additives.

DE 696 04 177 T2 discloses a polyurethane foam and a process for producing a rigid polyurethane foam having a ball rebound of less than 40% at a free-foamed core density of 3 to 27 kg / m ³ (ball rebound being measured according to ISO 8307 with the proviso that no pre-bend treatment occurs, that is only one rebound value per sample and that test pieces are conditioned at 23 ° C ± 2 ° C at 50 ± 5% relative humidity) by reaction of a polyisocyanate (1), an isocyanate-reactive compound (2) having an average equivalent weight of at most 374 and a average number of isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms of 2 to 6, an isocyanate-reactive compound (3) having an average equivalent weight of more than 374 and an average number of isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms of 2 to 6 and water, wherein the amount of compound ( 2), compound (3) and water (per 100 parts by weight Polyisoc yanate, compound (2), compound (3) and water) ranges from 2 to 20 parts by weight, 5 to 35 parts by weight and 1 to 17 parts by weight, respectively, with the proviso that compound (3) is not polyoxyalkylene polyol having a functionality of 2 to 3.5, a hydroxyl value of 28 to 90 mg KOH / g and a content of polyoxyethylene units of not more than 5% by weight.

Basically, it is known to foam carpet backing with viscoelastic foam. So revealed DE 33 13 624 A1 For example, a flexible polyurethane foam for sound insulation purposes, a process for its preparation and its use. The described polyurethane soft foam for soundproofing purposes has a loss factor of at least 0.3 and in the temperature range of -20 ° C to + 80 ° C at a density of less than 90 kg / m ³ and an E-modulus of less than 106 N / m ² viscoelastic properties.

Of the Foam is obtained by adding an isocyanate with a polyol in which at least one component has an OH number of 180 to 400. The foam is particularly suitable for Airborne sound absorption and insulation as well as for structure-borne sound insulation. According to this Revelation, the flexible polyurethane foam can be used as a front wall or floor carpet rear foaming used in motor vehicles. In one embodiment was one in order to obtain sufficient foam tightness specially equipped Carpet, if necessary with sound insulation foils, inserted into the foaming mold. After applying one of the usual Mold release agent became the reactive mixture when the mold lid was closed poured in just enough quantity in the mold. 2.5 to 3 Minutes after the bullet could be demolded.

DE 39 42 330 A1 discloses a process for the preparation of flexible flexible polyurethane foams having viscoelastic structure-borne sound damping properties in a temperature range from -20 ° C to + 80 ° C by reacting a) a polyoxyalkylene polyol mixture containing ai) specific block polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polyol mixtures having a hydroxyl number of 14 to 65 and a content of terminally bound Ethylenoxidein from 2 to 9% by weight, which in turn are obtained using a starter molecule mixture having an average functionality of 2.3 to 2.8, consisting of water and glycerol or trimethylolpropane, or of water and glycerol and trimethylolpropane and aii) at least one di- or trifunctional polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene polyol having an oxyethylene unit content of 60 to 85% by weight, based on the total weight of polymerizable alkylene oxide units, and a hydroxyl value of 20 to 80; b) optionally low molecular weight chain extenders with c) organic and / or modified organic polyisocyanates in the presence of d) catalysts, e) blowing agents, f) auxiliaries and / or additives and the polyoxyalkylene-polyol mixtures (a) usable therefor.

The flexible PU flexible foams produced by this process and flexible PU foams find use in the household sector, for example, for the carpet backing for impact sound insulation, as Cladding elements and in the automotive industry as structure-borne sound insulating materials, For example, to encapsulate the engine compartment or to reduce the vehicle interior noise by foam-backed with these foams cover layers.

Carpet backing the in the automotive sector for sound insulation used carpets are usually designed stiff as a Passing through or sinking into the carpet is not desired here.

at the actual Use of carpets with noticeable and thus comforting damping properties, which have a back-foamed with viscoelastic foam carpet backing, There are some points to consider. If these carpets used as flooring to be over the people also walk over it And not just how to park their feet in automobiles, the carpet needs for the Recording the pressure and shear loads to be suitable. Especially The combination of carpet backing, carpet fibers and foam backing may not to solve.

Finally, you can watch that running over a pure and sufficient to achieve a damping effect thick layer of viscoelastic foam is not very comfortable. This can be attributed to the uncertainty which occurs when the foot sinks into the foam when placed on it.

Out It is clear from the foregoing that the need for a visco-elastic steamed Carpet exists when running over has a high level of comfort, but at the same time the loads of use has grown.

The The present invention has the object, at least overcome one of the mentioned disadvantages in the prior art. In particular, she has set herself the task of such a carpet provide.

According to the invention Task solved by a Bodenbedeckung, comprising a first textile surface element and one with the first textile surface element area and at least partially cohesively connected first layer, wherein the first layer viscoelastic Polymer foam includes and further wherein the viscoelastic polymer foam the first layer is a polyurethane foam.

The floor covering according to the invention is characterized in that the first textile planar element has a modulus of elasticity of ≥ 0.5 N / mm ² to ≦ 2.5 N / mm ² , that in the first layer the viscoelastic polymer foam has a compressive strength at 40% compression of ≥ 1 kPa to ≤ 10 kPa and that in the first layer the viscoelastic polymer foam has a hysteresis in the determination of the compression hardness at 40% compression of ≥ 20% to ≤ 70%.

in the For purposes of the present invention, the term ground cover means not just carpets, doormats and the like, but is also in the sense of upholstery for furniture or Understand mattresses.

The first textile surface element For example, a fabric, a scrim, a fleece or knitted be. additionally can Fibers protrude from the first textile surface element, so that there is an arrangement corresponding to a carpet backing. Furthermore, can also the textile to be embedded in a polymer. The first textile surface element is flat connected to the first layer, which means that main surfaces of the both are facing each other. In other words, it is the first textile surface element and the first layer on each other.

According to the invention, the first textile surface element has a modulus of elasticity of ≥ 0.5 N / mm ² to ≦ 2.5 N / mm ² . The elastic modulus may also be in a range of ≥ 0.8 N / mm ² to ≦ 2.0 N / mm ² or in a range of ≥ 1.0 N / mm ² to ≦ 1.5 N / mm ² . The modulus of elasticity is determined by the standard DIN 53504 / ISO 37. It can be provided that the first textile surface element, for example in the case of a knitted fabric, exhibits an elastic region of the fabric stretch during stretching and, when further stretched, a region of elasticity of the individual threads of the textile. In this case, the modulus of elasticity selected according to the invention denotes the elasticity of the tissue extension.

The Connection achieved that mechanical forces, in particular shear forces, of the first textile surface element transferred to the first layer become. The connection can cohesively, non-positively and / or form-fitting be designed. examples for suitable compounds are gluing, welding, foam back of the first textile surface element leading to the polymer foam Materials, velcro closures, Zippers, pushbuttons and / or sewing.

The Connection can be complete or partially configured. A partial connection can be achieved by being only punctual or in a certain Pattern connection locations are created.

The first layer comprises viscoelastic polymer foam. this includes is first to understand that in addition to the viscoelastic polymer foam yet other components such as fillers, dyes, etc. may be present. The polymer foam may have a uniform density or kind Integral foam is a location-dependent Have density. examples for Suitable polymer classes are polyurethanes.

The viscoelastic properties of the polymer foam of the first layer to lead at a time-delayed Energy input into the foam. They are characterized by that the compression hardness at 40% compression of ≥ 1 kPa to ≤ 10 kPa. This compression hardness can also be in the range of ≥ 2 kPa to ≤ 8 kPa or from ≥ 2.5 kPa to ≤ 5 kPa lie. Furthermore, the viscoelasticity of the polymer foam is through a hysteresis in the determination of compressive strength at 40% compression of ≥ 20% to ≤ 70% characterized. The hysteresis can also be in a range of ≥ 30% to ≤ 60% or from ≥ 35% to ≤ 50%.

The compressive strength or CLD (Compression Load Deflection) is measured according to DIN EN ISO 3386-1-98. Here is a specimen to 40% of its original Volume compressed. The CLD is measured in kPa (kilopascals). Percent hysteresis is also determined according to DIN EN ISO 3386-1-98. It is calculated from the quotient of the enclosed area between Loading and unloading characteristic and the area under the load characteristic multiplied by the factor 100. The hysteresis number is a measure of the ratio of supplied to laxed Job. Small hysteresis numbers, for example by 5%, indicate predominantly elastic behavior. Great hysteresis numbers, for example by 90%, characterize predominantly viscous (plastic) behavior.

alternative the viscoelastic polymer foam may be characterized that he measured a rebound resilience according to DIN EN ISO 8307, of ≥ 1% up to ≤ 15% having. This resilience can also in a range of ≥ 3% up to ≤ 10% or of ≥ 5% up to ≤ 9% lie.

The viscoelastic polymer foam can furthermore have a density according to DIN EN ISO 3386-1-98 of ≥ 45 kg / m ³ to ≤ 120 kg / m ³ , a tensile strength according to DIN EN ISO 1798-1-00 of ≥ 50 kPa to ≤ 90 kPa, an elongation according to DIN EN ISO 1798-1-00 of ≥ 150% to ≤ 210%, a compression set at 90% compression under dry conditions according to DIN EN ISO 1856-2000 of ≥ 2% to ≤ 5% and a compression set at 75% compression and 95% moisture according to DIN EN ISO 1856-96 from ≥ 2% to ≤ 5%.

In the present invention, the comfort impression when running on the Land cover by the selected Combination of elasticity of the first textile surface element and the viscoelasticity reaches the polymer foam layer. For explanation, consider how a person over a floor covering according to the invention goes. First, will the foot with the heel or the shoe with the heel put on. This is associated with a high pressure on the ground cover. By the elasticity of the first textile surface element this point load is intercepted. In the further course of the Gehvorgangs the person rolls off his foot, until the foot completely to stand on the ground cover. This unrolling is done by the steamed viscoelastic polymer foam of the first layer. Finally, rolls the foot continues from, until only the ball of the foot or the front of the shoe touching the ground cover. At the subsequent rejections from the ground, the mechanical forces are re-damped or retransferred. The result is a pleasant ride, which is not to fatigue through too soft ground leads. The Bodenbedeckung is also due to the elastic first textile surface element protected, so that in particular the first layer with the polymer foam at walking over not damaged becomes.

In the present invention, the viscoelastic polymer foam of the first layer is a polyurethane foam. Polyurethanes are well suited for the polymer foam layer according to the invention because of the viscoelasticity which can be adjusted in a wide range. The monomers of the polyurethane foam may be selected from the group comprising polyether polyols and / or polyester polyols or mixtures of these and at least difunctional isocyanates from the groups of the ali phatic or aromatic isocyanates and per se known auxiliaries, catalysts and stabilizers. Examples of this are in the already cited patents or in EP 0 331 941 A1 described.

In a further embodiment of the present invention comprises the material of the first textile surface element Polyurethane and / or thermoplastic polyurethane.

In a further embodiment the present invention, the compound of the first textile surface element achieved with the first layer by elastomeric adhesive. Particularly according to the invention Suitable adhesives are one- and two-component polyurethane adhesives. Such one-part adhesives include isocyanate-containing prepolymers, which harden by the ingress of moisture. The corresponding two-component Adhesives include a polyol component and an isocyanate component and are mixed before application. Preferably, the cured Adhesive layer a modulus of elasticity, determined by the standard DIN EN ISO 527, from ≥ 100 MPa to ≤ 1500 MPa, from ≥ 300 MPa to ≤ 1000 MPa or of ≥ 500 MPa up to ≤ 800 MPa on. Gluing with an elastomeric adhesive allows easy Production of the ground cover according to the invention from separately available Share. Furthermore, because of the elasticity of the present invention desired effect while running over given the land cover.

In a further embodiment In the present invention, fibers penetrate the first textile surface element and penetrate into the first layer. Furthermore, the fibers anchored in the first layer by elastomeric adhesive. These fibers to lead to an additional Solidification of the connection of the first textile surface element with the first layer. This increases the resistance across from Shear stresses. Suitable according to the invention are in particular elastomeric one- and two-component polyurethane adhesives. The fibers can also to the outside from the first textile surface element stick out and the tread of the Form soil cover. The fibers can be in the first textile surface element be introduced by methods such as tufting.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the first layer additionally comprises an embedded second textile surface element which has a modulus of elasticity of ≥ 1000 N / mm ² to ≦ 2000 N / mm ² . The modulus of elasticity is determined by the standard DIN 53504 / ISO 37. It can furthermore be in a range from ≥ 1200 N / mm ² to ≦ 1800 N / mm ² or from ≥ 1400 N / mm ² to ≦ 1600 N / mm ^2. The second textile surface element can be, for example, a fabric, a scrim, a nonwoven or knit. Advantageously, it lies flat in the first layer, so that the two main surfaces of the second textile surface element and the first layer are facing each other.

While that second textile surface element vertically seen basically at every height can be arranged within the first layer, that's how it is advantageous if it lies at the lower end of the first layer, ie towards the ground. The inclusion of a second textile surface element with the elastic properties selected according to the invention leads to, that on entering the sinking heel or the sinking shoe heel is better absorbed. The comfort of running over the Land cover is increased, while at the same time the thickness of the first layer can be kept lower.

In a further embodiment The present invention further encompasses the soil cover a second layer, which on the first textile surface element opposite side of the first layer is arranged and at least partially cohesive connected to the first layer, wherein the second layer of polymer foam which has a compression hardness at 50% compression of ≥ 15 kPa to ≤ 150 kPa. The compression hardness is determined by DIN EN ISO 3386-1-98. A cohesive connection can be built up for example by gluing or welding. Suitable according to the invention are elastomeric one- or two-component polyurethane adhesives.

A polymer foam with the mentioned compression hardnesses can be a polyurethane flock composite foam. The polymer foam may furthermore have a density according to DIN EN ISO 3386-1-98 of ≥ 60 kg / m ³ to ≤ 200 kg / m ³ , a tensile strength according to DIN EN ISO 1798-1-00 of ≥ 40 kPa to ≤ 150 kPa and an elongation according to DIN EN ISO 1798-1-00 of ≥ 40% to ≤ 90%. It uses the high compression hardness and high restoring forces and has a stiffer layer in the ground cover on the bottom side. This has the advantage that the sinking heel or the sinking heel is better absorbed when it occurs. The comfort when walking over the ground cover is increased, while at the same time the thickness of the first layer can be kept lower. In addition, there is a cost savings through the use of cheaper Flockenverbundschaumes.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, the soil cover additionally comprises microencapsulated perfumes. Microencapsulated perfumes in the context of the present invention are the olfactory sense of persons appealing substances in pure form, in solution or in mixtures, which are enclosed in capsules. The capsules have a maximum extent of ≥ 1 μm to ≦ 1 mm, preferably of ≥ 10 μm to ≦ 100 μm. The microencapsulated fragrances can be incorporated in the first layer, in the first textile surface element and / or in any existing fibers that protrude from the first textile surface element, for example, from the carpet pile. When running over the ground covering according to the invention, the capsules are destroyed and released the fragrances. This triggers a pleasant feeling for the affected persons and additionally contributes to the comfort impression of the ground covering.

According to the invention, it is provided that the various described embodiments of the present Invention not only individually, but also arbitrarily with each other can be combined.

object The invention further provides a method for producing a Land cover according to the present Invention comprising the step of backfoaming the first textile sheet element with a leading to the polymer foam of the first layer reaction mixture, wherein a cohesive Connection of the first textile surface element with the first Layer is built up. The foam reaches on simple Way a cohesive Connection of the first textile surface element with the first Layer.

In one embodiment of the process according to the invention, the reaction mixture comprises a polyol and an isocyanate. Consequently, a viscoelastic polyurethane foam is formed in the foam back. The monomers of the polyurethane foam may be selected from the group comprising polyether polyols and / or polyester polyols or mixtures of these and at least difunctional isocyanates from the groups of aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates and per se known auxiliaries, catalysts and stabilizers. Examples of this are in the already cited patents or in EP 0 331 941 A1 described.

Also can in the process according to the invention the reaction mixture comprises a prepolymer and water. suitable Prepolymers are in particular based on di- or polyisocyanates and polyols built up.

The The present invention will become more apparent from the following drawings explained. Show it:

1 a ground covering according to the invention

2 another ground cover according to the invention

3 another ground cover according to the invention

1 shows a Bodenbedeckung invention. The first shift 1 comprises a viscoelastic polymer foam. This layer 1 lies on the ground with her bottom. On the shift 1 lies the first textile surface element 2 , which cohesively with the layer 1 connected is. On the top of the ground cover fibers protrude 3 out. The fibers 3 penetrate the first textile surface element and protrude with its lower end still in the first layer 1 into it. There they are anchored by means of elastomeric adhesive (not shown). In this way, the fibers can not be easily ripped out when using the ground cover.

2 shows another ground cover according to the invention. The bottom-side first layer 1 now includes a second textile surface element in addition to the polymer foam 4 , This is shown here as tissue. The second textile surface element 4 is in the first shift 1 arranged below. Cohesive with the first layer 1 is the first textile surface element 2 connected. In this are fibers 3 incorporated, which cover the top of the ground cover. Due to its elastic properties, the second textile surface element can absorb forces which, when running over the ground cover, do not come from the first textile surface element 2 and the viscoelastic polymer layer 1 can be cushioned or steamed.

3 shows another ground cover according to the invention. Under the first layer 1 is a second layer 5 arranged. This second layer comprises a polymer foam. The polymer foam has a higher compression hardness and higher restoring forces than the viscoelastic polymer foam in the first layer 1 on. As a result, forces can be absorbed, which do not run from the first textile surface element when running over the ground cover 2 and the viscoelastic polymer layer 1 can be cushioned or steamed.

1

first Layer comprising viscoelastic polymer foam

2

first textile surface element

3

fibers

4

second textile surface element

5

second Layer comprising polymeric foam

Claims (10)

Land cover, comprising a first textile surface element ( 2 ) and one with the first textile surface element ( 2 ) planar and at least partially connected first layer ( 1 ), the first layer ( 1 ) comprises viscoelastic polymer foam, characterized in that the first textile surface element ( 2 ) has a modulus of elasticity of ≥ 0.5 N / mm ² to ≦ 2.5 N / mm ² , that in the first layer ( 1 ) the viscoelastic polymer foam has a compressive strength at 40% compression of ≥ 1 kPa to ≦ 10 kPa and in that in the first layer ( 1 ) the viscoelastic polymer foam has a hysteresis in the determination of the compression hardness at 40% compression of ≥ 20% to ≤ 70%, and further wherein the viscoelastic polymer foam of the first layer ( 1 ) is a polyurethane foam. Land cover according to claim 1, wherein the material of the first textile surface element ( 2 ) Polyurethane and / or thermoplastic polyurethane. Land cover according to claim 1, wherein the connection of the first textile surface element ( 2 ) with the first layer ( 1 ) is achieved by elastomeric adhesive. Land cover according to claim 1, wherein fibers ( 3 ) the first textile surface element ( 2 ) and into the first layer ( 1 ) and wherein the fibers in the first layer ( 1 ) are anchored by elastomeric adhesive. Land cover according to claim 1, wherein the first layer ( 1 ) additionally an embedded second textile surface element ( 4 ) having a modulus of elasticity of ≥ 1000 N / mm ² to 2000 N / mm ² . Land cover according to claim 1, further comprising a second layer ( 5 ), which on the first textile surface element ( 2 ) opposite side of the first layer ( 1 ) and at least partially with the first layer ( 1 ), wherein the second layer comprises polymer foam which has a compressive strength at 50% compression of ≥ 15 kPa to ≤ 150 kPa. Land cover according to claim 1, additionally comprising microencapsulated fragrances. A method for producing a ground covering according to claim 1, comprising the step of foaming the first textile surface element ( 2 ) with a polymer foam of the first layer ( 1 ), wherein a cohesive connection of the first textile surface element ( 2 ) with the first layer ( 1 ) is constructed. The method of claim 8, wherein the reaction mixture a polyol and an isocyanate. The method of claim 8, wherein the reaction mixture a prepolymer and water.