DE102005048326A1 - unit - Google Patents

Abstract

A circular disk-shaped structural unit 1 has a structure 2. The structure 2 is composed of an annular frame 3 and of the frame 3 extending, strip-shaped structural elements 4 together. The structure elements 4 made of stainless steel are welded to the frame 3 and give the structure a high rigidity. The frame 3 forming the outer circumference of the structural unit 1 in this embodiment shapes the geometry of the structural unit 1. The structure 2 is filled with a building material 5 made of a mineral aggregate and an organic adhesive.

Description

The Invention relates to a structural unit for the design of traffic and accessible surfaces in civil engineering.

at the structural design of surfaces such. at squares, streets, Because of, and surface watering facilities find building units Use, which applied essentially difference to surface coverings serve further functional purposes. This is it for example, covers of channels, manhole covers for surface drainage, Coverings for underground access, markings, signage. Depending on the purpose of the function such assemblies are water permeable or -impermeable designed. As building materials find steel, concrete, stone, asphalt and Compounds thereof use.

Should a surface seal environmental considerations are avoided, are elaborate drainage to be provided in the unit. Come in terms of manufacturability locally more demanding building materials such as plastics for application, restrict this the installability on site and increase the price.

Often plays an aesthetic attractive surface design in the selection of the building material a role because building materials such as concrete or asphalt in this find no acceptance.

Further The units require a different depending on the purpose of the function constructive design and building materials specifically selected for the intended use. This specialization restricts however often a production or completion of the unit on site, because every design for an extensive equipment on tools, construction machinery and devices requires. To that requires a high specialization in the construction qualitatively highly specialized construction professionals who are not always around disposal and unfavorably affect the production price.

installed Building units are either prefabricated or it finds a production on the spot. In the known building materials, however, is a production elaborate on site, because partially extensive device for the Production is required. In a building with prefabricated Building units becomes common either the flexible adaptation of the unit to the local installation conditions restricted or it is an elevated one Logistical effort in the construction planning required u.a. the Dimensioning correctly and this at the factory completion to schedule the unit.

Further Requirements are made with regard to structural properties. These concern moisture behavior, resistance to pests, acoustic properties, behavior against chemical influences and against fire. The durability of a floor plays as the most important requirement a big Role, where properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, wear resistance against sanding, rolling, bumping and Impact, resistance to crimping essential structural parameters represent.

For special applications, such as riding and sports field construction, grid plates made of plastic have proven. Such grid plates are from the DE 197 20 006 C2 known. Due to a sophisticated structure of elevations and openings allow grid plates on the one hand a walk-in or passable surface mounting and on the other hand, they avoid by their Wasserregulierungsfähigkeit a seal.

Coverings with a uniform and visually appealing surface structure are made of DE 197 33 588 A1 known. The water-permeable surface is made of mineral aggregates and organic adhesives. The mixture is installed in the not yet cured and deformable state. When, adhesive are mostly organic adhesives in question, which is mixed together with mineral aggregates into a batch and processed before curing.

adversely with these coverings bound mineral aggregates is the missing link to the subsoil, which is the mechanical one for outdoor floors Stress affected during frost-thaw changes. From this, a chemical, physical and biological building material corrosion, Weathering, destruction of the underlying subfloor.

thereof starting it is the object of the invention to provide a generic structural unit specify a simple, visually appealing and temperature change resistant construction for universal use in civil engineering allows. In addition, a kit for the manufacture of a structural unit must be specified. the simple completion of the unit on site at low Service outlet also permitted by unqualified persons.

According to the task in terms of the unit by the specified in claim 1 Characteristics solved.

Therefore The unit is made of a compound of compacted, mineral Aggregates and organic adhesives is formed and has a stiffening structure connected to the connection is.

Further advantageous embodiments The invention will become apparent from the features of claims 2 to 21st

The invention allows an integral connection of the structure with the hardened building material of aggregates and adhesive and can thus be used as a structural unit in many structural applications. The composite is characterized by a high mechanical strength even in freeze-thaw cycles. The unit can be prefabricated industrially to measure, so that it can be installed on site without further processing. As a rule, the structural unit is therefore disc-shaped and has a circular, polygonal or rectangular floor plan adapted to the application. In this geometric design, the high compressive strength σ _{u of} the building material of more than 16 MN / m ^{2 is} particularly evident. This compressive strength was demonstrated on a sample of a building material with color quartz of grain size 2-3.5 mm.

One Another advantage of the invention lies in the open-pored compound the assembly, which leads to high friction coefficients on the surface, so that the Unit prevents sliding and thus reduces the risk of accidents.

The Structure is preferably formed lattice-shaped and forms thus an optimal bond with the building material. Are advantageous strip Structural elements of which the structure is composed. In As a rule, the structural elements are joined by welding. has the structure has a frame on which the perimeter of the unit and thus essentially the outer contour forms, so protects This is the building material from impact and shock loads just during the Transport and installation of the unit may occur. is the frame is band-shaped trained, so the unit can be closed at the periphery, so that, for example, a liquid or Gasdurchtritt be predetermined only in the axial direction.

By Fill out the spaces between the structure from through the building material to the top of the assembly let yourself produce a stable bond without surface-visible elements of the structure have to be. The aesthetic Overall impression of the building material is in the installed state of the unit not disturbed by excellent structural elements. In most applications can be a form-fitting Connection between building material and structure produce the overall strength and strength increased.

A another embodiment The invention relates to the surface side visible design the building unit. Depending on application and installation conditions is a flush construction provided the unit. The then still visible predominantly surface formed by the building material, is particularly suitable for visually striking design. This is for example by a different grain size and / or coloring surface side Areas possible. Symbols, letters and / or numbers can thus be displayed. Especially simply such areas can be designed in which these in one by the way Building material embedded insert to be formed, its filling itself from the surrounding building material in grain and / or coloring different. Again, the use can improve the stability connected to the structure and / or to the surrounding connection being, including the execution is useful as part of the structure.

A very good compatibility with the building material shows the use of structural steel as a material the structure and / or the use.

On traffic areas As lanes and roads can thus also use traffic signs. Also offers the execution the unit as a manhole cover for channels of surface drainage on, wherein the manhole cover also in the aforementioned sense can be designed as traffic signs. For this purpose, a share the aggregates of the compound are colored, the proportion preferably made of quartz sand. Architects know the possible color scheme to use effectively.

Particularly interesting applications arise when the grain size of the additives is chosen such that the assembly is permeable to water. Favorable values for the granulation of the additives k _Z lie between 1 and 7 mm. Especially when designing the unit as a manhole cover so high flow rates of over 1.4 cm / s can be achieved.

With a sample length of 4.29 cm and a sample cross section of 173.2 cm ² , flow values k of more than 1.4 cm / s were obtained. It can be dispensed with additional screens in the drainage of the sewage system, because the building material due to its fine grain size does not let solids through. The sieve is thus integrally formed in the assembly. Especially municipalities can save with this invention high maintenance costs when cleaning their sewer systems. Excellent flow rates promise an undisturbed flow of the surface chenwassers. The high void content of the connection, which amounts to up to 45%, has a positive influence on the flow rate.

Measured the flow rate on a round test specimen was approximated to DIN 18130 for constant Pressure altitude. The test specimen was in given a Plexiglas cylinder and on the wall against Wandumläufigkeit sealed. The water inlet was from above and was adjusted that a 2 cm water overflow on set the sample. The flow rate was determined per time and repeated twice, and used to calculate the K value. Because of the very high permeability of the test specimen had to the sample is flowed through from top to bottom. For the evaluation each time the entire flow of one minute was collected and has been included in the calculation.

Another favorable influence on the water absorption value and water regulation capacity of the soil is the grain size of the mineral aggregates. Good average grain sizes d _K are in a range between 1 to 3 mm, 2 to 3 mm, 2 to 4 mm, 2 to 5 mm or 3 to 7 mm. As mentioned above, the building material or the compound has a favorable influence on the mechanical strength values, so that even values of more than 5 mm are possible for the average size of the grain without a significantly increased risk of breakage occurring. With this grain diameter, the infiltration performance can be further increased. Moreover, at these values, the decrease in infiltration performance due to the input of mineral and organic fines remains low over time.

suitable mineral aggregates consist of a selection of quartzite, Granite, basalt and quartz together. The mineral aggregates preferably have a mixture of round grain and at least a proportion of 20% edged grain.

As a general rule becomes the particle size distribution defined according to DIN 66145. The parameter n is at least 9 and is under neglect of 1% oversize each and undersize determined.

At the The adhesive is preferably a two-component polyurethane adhesive. As well usable is a two-component epoxy resin or a one-component polyurethane adhesive. Likewise Hot melt adhesives be used. Suitable adhesives are for example of offered by TerraElast AG.

One significant advantage in the use of two-component epoxy resin adhesive is in its environmental seen. The structural unit according to the invention So has no toxic effect on molds and is considered microbially hardly degradable. Nevertheless, the unit can be eluted Substances are well degraded, as material trials have shown. As washing tests prove, there is no chemical interaction between surface water and the connection. After all can the unit according to the invention after its use phase in a soil or gravel washing plant be disposed of without negative environmental effects. Alternatively it is after comminution also reuse as granules possible.

Cheap for use The unit in connection with roadways is on the high void content attributable sound insulation Especially favorable Values result from a void fraction of 30% to 45%.

According to the invention asked task regarding the kit for the production of a Assembly on site by the features of claim 22 solved. Therefore The kit includes prefabricated structural elements for completion of the Assembly unit on site.

Of the Kit allows further optimization of the building process, according to which on the one hand the structure industrially efficient, for example by welding machines prefabricated in a factory seat and the building material with the most on-site mineral aggregates and with the provided adhesive mixed and processed into a finished unit.

advantageous embodiments The invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings explained. It shows:

1 a schematic view of a structural unit,

2 an exploded view of a structure of a structural unit,

3 a view of a structure for a structural unit,

4 a view of a kit for a manhole cover with incorporated traffic sign and

5 a longitudinal section through a channel layer with a designed as a manhole cover assembly.

1 clearly shows a circular disk-shaped unit 1 with a structure 2 , The structure 2 consists of an annular frame 3 and within the frame 3 extending, strip-shaped structural elements 4 together. The structural elements made of stainless steel 4 are with the frame 3 welded and give the structure a high rigidity. The outer circumference of the unit 1 forming frames 3 in this embodiment shapes the geometry of the assembly 1 ,

The structure 2 is with a building material 5 made of a mineral aggregate and filled with an organic adhesive. The adhesive is cured in the finished state of the assembly, thus forming a massive filling that blocks the interstices of the structure 3 fills. The flat top and bottom 6 respectively. 7 the building unit 1 is from the building material 5 formed, which results from the hardened compound of the mineral aggregate and the organic adhesive.

at this embodiment it is a mixed with adhesive mixture of mineral Aggregates which are processed in the still deformable state becomes. The aggregates are a selection of quartzite, granite, basalt and quartz in question, in the described embodiment comes dyed granite for use. The average size of the granite grain is in the Range between 2 and 5mm. The particle size distribution is defined according to DIN 66145, with a parameter of at least 9 and neglected 1% each and undersize.

To the application of the mixture is compacted and smoothed. To the compaction is curing the connection. Thereafter, the assembly is ready to install and load.

In the 2 The structure shown is formed cassette-shaped, wherein parallel to each other, strip-shaped structural elements 4 on a rod 8th Threaded in accordance with a distance. The cassette-shaped structure gives after completion of the unit a rectangular floor plan.

In 3 is an embodiment of the assembly with a grid-shaped structure 2 shown. In the process, the structure becomes 2 again of strip-shaped structural elements 4 educated. These point in the longitudinal direction of the structural elements 4 ' and 4 '' spaced slots 9 on, with the slots 9 such at the horizontal duri Fenden structural elements 4 ' at the bottom and at the vertical structural elements 4 '' Running at the top are the structural elements 4 ' and 4 '' to the lattice-shaped structure 2 can be put together.

On the outer circumference has the structure 4 a circular frame 3 on top, with the internal structural elements 4 ' and 4 '' connected is. For this purpose, have the horizontally extending structural elements 4 ' Slits at each end 9 in which the frame 3 is used.

In this construction, a separate joining, such as by welding unnecessary, since by the subsequent filling of the structure 2 with the building material 5 after hardening of the building material is a solid bond.

The building units after the 2 or 3 are usable as a manhole cover after curing.

In 4 is a structural unit with the features after 3 designed as a traffic sign, which in the present case can also be used as a manhole cover. The traffic sign with the number "30" becomes two missions 10 ' and 10 '' educated. Every use 10 ' and 10 ' is made of sheet metal blanks, which form the outer contour of a digit. The stakes 10 ' and 10 '' lie on the grid-like arranged structural elements 4 ' and 4 '' on. The frame 3 forms the edge strip of the circular traffic sign.

When filling the structure 4 become the bets 10 ' and 10 '' filled with one of the Highway Code corresponding color, eg red, dyed building material. The coloring results from the admixture of colored aggregates, here it is quartz sand, and / or by coloring the adhesive.

One Another interesting application results from the use of luminescent or phosphorescent quartz sand or adhesive.

5 shows the installation of one after the 3 or 4 executed manhole cover 1' in a shaft 11 , In the illustration is the chess neck 12 of the shaft 11 shown, the one opening out at the surface compensation ring 13 which is on a conical chess ring 14 seated. The balancing ring 13 takes the manhole cover 1' on, the surface flush the shaft 11 concludes. By using the building material according to the invention, an additional dirt catcher is unnecessary, since the grain of the building material prevents flushing in of larger dirt particles. A very important hygienic advantage lies in the fact that no small animals such as rats, mice and insects can penetrate into the channel system via the shaft.

An alternative embodiment of the unit for the design of navigable and accessible surfaces in civil engineering has a combination of compacted, mineral aggregates and organic adhesives, wherein the structural unit 1 Has visible on the surface side areas of different grain size and / or color.

1

unit

2

structure

3

frame

4, 4 ', 4' '

structural element

5

building material

6

top

7

bottom

8th

Rod

9

slot

10 '. 10 ''

commitment

11

shaft

12

shaft neck

13

compensation ring

14

manhole

Claims (22)

Building unit for the design of navigable and accessible surfaces in civil engineering, the building unit ( 1 ) is formed from a combination of compacted mineral aggregates and organic adhesives, and the assembly ( 1 ) a stiffening structure ( 2 ) connected to the connection. Assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural unit ( 1 ) is disc-shaped and has a circular, polygonal or rectangular plan. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure ( 2 ) is formed lattice-shaped. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure ( 2 ) of strip-shaped structural elements ( 4 . 4 ' . 4 '' ) is formed. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure ( 2 ) a frame ( 3 ), which at least predominantly the scope of the structural unit ( 1 ) trains. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interspaces of the structure ( 2 ) are filled out of the connection or make a positive connection and the top ( 6 ) of the assembly ( 1 ) is formed at least predominantly of the compound. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural unit ( 1 ) has surfaces visible on the surface side of different grain size and / or color. Assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that that the areas are formed as symbols, letters and / or numbers are. Assembly according to claim 7 or 8, characterized that the areas are designed as traffic signs. Assembly according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the structural unit ( 1 ) on the surface side at least one embedded in the compound insert ( 10 ' . 10 '' ), which delimits areas of different grain size and / or color from each other. Assembly according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the insert ( 10 ' . 10 '' ) with the structure ( 2 ) and / or connected to the surrounding compound or at least part of the structure ( 2 ). Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural unit ( 1 ) as manhole cover for manholes ( 11 ) is formed by surface drainages. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material of the structure ( 2 ) and / or the use of metal, preferably structural steel. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grain size of the aggregates k _{Z is} 1 to 7 mm. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grain size of the additives is selected such that the structural unit ( 1 ) is permeable to water. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the void content of the compound is up to 45% is. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the mineral aggregates a selection of quartzite, granite, basalt and quartz. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mineral additives have a narrow grain size ver having the average size d _{K of} the grain in a range between 1 to 3 mm, 2 to 3 mm, 2 to 4 mm, 2 to 5 mm or 3 to 7 mm. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the mineral aggregates are a mixture from round grain and at least a share of 20% edged grain having. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the adhesive is a two-component epoxy resin or a one-component polyurethane or a two-component polyurethane adhesive is. Assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a proportion of the aggregates of the compound are colored and the proportion is preferably made of quartz sand. Kit for the production of a structural unit on site, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the kit prefabricated structural elements ( 4 . 4 ' . 4 '' ) for completion of the assembly ( 1 ) on site.