DE102005020288A1 - Pressed mixture for treating roof, wall and/or ground surfaces obtained by dry pressing a mixture of mineral blown ceramic or volcanic ash, a ceramic binder and flyash, then sintering - Google Patents

Abstract

Use of a component for treating roof, wall and/or ground surfaces is new. The component is produced by dry pressing a mixture of mineral blown ceramic or volcanic ash, a ceramic binder and flyash, and sintering the pressed mixture. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) process for producing a component for treating roof, wall and/or ground surfaces; and (2) device for treating roof, wall and/or ground surfaces using the above component.

Description

The The invention relates to a device and its application to the greening of Roof, wall and / or floor surfaces and a process for their preparation.

It is well known roof, wall and floor surfaces of many structures with weather-resistant (Roof) covering materials to be provided, the z. B. for protection across from Rain and snow as well as heat and soundproofing serve. Widely used z. B. the application various roofing boards and thermal insulation boards. It is also particularly useful for improving the appearance with flat roofs known to be protected surfaces to be provided with a bitumen and adhesive layer and on this one fill of sand or gravel. A disadvantage of such sand and gravel beds is the fact that she at outdoor temperatures of more than 30 ° C and in particular heat up strongly when exposed to sunlight and yourself Temperatures from 80 ° C to Assume 90 ° C can. Thereby can the underlying bitumen and adhesive layers at least locally melt with the result that these holes get and leaking.

Besides are already facilities of the type described above It has been proposed to apply the coverings to flat and moderately inclined surfaces in the form of loose, likewise present as bulk solids substrates, which consist of a mixture of humus soil and expanded clay spheres, and these Substrates by planting grass seeds od. Like. Greening. While the Humus soil od the growth of grass seeds. Like. To promote serve the expanded clay spheres especially the weight reduction, since humus soil a substantial greater density as expanded clay has. Such a device brings next to the weight advantage and the advantage of the visually pleasing appearance also the other Advantage with them a big has open pore volume, thereby has a significant water absorption capacity and therefore cooling at high temperatures to below Bitumen layers od. Like. Acts. One when using such devices not avoidable disadvantage, however, is that the loose, light expanded clay balls under the influence of Solve wind and rain, fly away and get into gutters and sewers and they can pollute and clog them up. Coverings and insulation This type are therefore not permanent, which is their broad application so far with special needs.

In contrast there is the technical problem of the present invention therein, the device the genus described above in such a way that they mechanically stable, permanently good insulation and coverage causes and still has a low weight. In addition, a procedure for producing such a device and an application of the Institution are proposed.

for solution This problem is served by the features of claims 1, 16 and 20.

Moldings containing a mixture of expanded clay, binder and fly ash are known in principle (eg. DE 34 03 943 A1 . DE 40 37 853 C3) , However, the known moldings consist consistently of bricks, pipes for the production of chimney jackets od. Like., That is, from the construction of certain structures components that must have a static effect. In contrast, the inventive, preferably plate-shaped components are not used to perform static tasks on a building, but for the production of permanently stable Begrü calculations, in particular on buildings and while avoiding the previously required loose beds and their substructures. Surprisingly, it has also been found that the components according to the invention od even without the addition of humus soil. Like. Well as substrates for grass plantings. Like. Are suitable and that the high pore volume of these components contributes to od excessive heating of underlying bitumen layers. Like. To avoid.

Further advantageous features of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The The invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings on an embodiment explained in more detail. It demonstrate:

1 schematically the front view of a device according to the invention for greening of surfaces;

2 an enlarged detail Z of 1 ;

3 a top view of the device of 1 ; and

4 and 5 each a plan view and side view of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention.

An inventive device for greening of roof, wall and / or floor surfaces consists in a particularly preferred embodiment of at least one plate-shaped component 1 , which is preferably formed substantially cuboid and an upper side 2 , a bottom 3 and four lateral and front and rear end faces 4 and 5 has, which are in pairs and substantially parallel to each other.

The plate-shaped component 1 contains as base material a fine-grained Blähkeramik, in particular a Blähton or Blähschiefer, or even volcanic ash. The ceramic base material preferably has a grain size of 4 mm to 8 mm and a bulk density of z. B. about 0.3 g / cm ³ to 0.5 g / cm ³ . In 2 are the existing of the blown ceramic particles with the reference numeral 6 designated.

The component 1 also contains fly ash in the form of so-called microspheres or hollow microspheres, which in 2 by the reference numeral 7 are indicated and preferably have a particle size of less than 0.5 mm. According to the invention, however, preferably no conventional od in power plants. The like. Incurred fly ash, but a washed out fly ash used by various impurities such. B. iron oxide is largely free and contains predominantly SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ . The density of such bulk material is 0.7 g / cm ³ to 0.8 g / cm ³ , while the average grain size z. B. 125 microns to 140 microns.

A mixture of the expanded ceramic particles and the fly ash beads is held together by a ceramic, low sintering Bindemttel, preferably early sintering clay, which is used with particular advantage in finely ground form and a grain size of z. B. 0 mm to 0.06 mm. Because of their small size, the binder grains are in 2 not shown separately. So that the binder does not dissolve in the open air and in particular when exposed to rain, the mixture consisting of expanded ceramics, fly ash and binder initially becomes plate-shaped components 1 pressed to obtain preformed compacts. These compacts are then subjected to a sintering process in a kiln at temperatures well below the melting temperatures of the constituents involved. When using a low sintering binder z. B. sintering temperatures of 800 ° C to 950 ° C can be used. As a result, the original mixture is not just a component 1 but it also components are obtained, which have a much greater strength than the original compacts. In particular, in this case such a strength of the components 1 sought that these at a thickness of z. B.

65 mm to 150 mm are accessible. As a result, the advantage is achieved that the inventions to the invention components 1 in contrast to layers made of conventional loose expanded clay spheres, they remain dimensionally stable when they are walked on.

The use of a filler in the form of microspheres provides the further advantage that the total weight of the finished component 1 is relatively small and the high density of the binder (eg., About 1.8 g / cm ³ to 2.0 g / cm ³ for clay) is not too noticeable. The density of the finished component 1 can be adjusted to about 0.7 g / cm ³ to 1.5 g / cm ³ . For this purpose, the mixture from which the component 1 is made by pressing, preferably from 50 to 80 wt.% Expanded ceramic, 10 to 30 wt.% Binders and 5 to 30 wt.% Compound composed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixture, from the component 1 small amounts of phosphate or borax (eg 1 to 3% by weight) are added, it also being possible to use these substances only locally, ie in selected areas of the plate-shaped component 1 provided. It is based on the idea that the addition of phosphate has the same effect as a fertilizer and the growth of the component 1 applied grass seeds od. Like. Promotes, while borax has an opposite effect and the growth of grass seeds od. Like. Inhibits. This makes it possible for the component 1 Wholly or partially growth-promoting or growth-inhibiting form and thereby provide if necessary with zones in which a greening is undesirable and therefore inhibited. In the other areas, however, surprisingly a greening has proven to be possible even if these areas without the addition of humus soil od. Like. Odor with grass seeds. Like. Sprinkled and then watered.

The device described for greening can be with plate-shaped components 1 realize different sizes, with the components 1 depending on the size of the areas to be protected butt to each other. Only exemplary become components 1 proposed whose dimensions length / width / thickness z. B. 500 mm / 250 mm / 65 to 150 mm.

The preparation of the device according to the invention can be carried out in the following way:
First of all, conventional blown ceramic balls available on the market are treated in a mixer with small amounts of water in order to render the surfaces of the balls receptive to the binder. The binder in the dry state is then also supplied to the mixer and mixed with the Blähkeramikkugeln so that it settles on their surfaces. After that or at the same time the fly ash microspheres and possibly other additives such as phosphate or borax are fed to the mixer. The mixing of the different substances then has the consequence that the Blähkeramikkugeln with a thin, z. B. 0.5 mm to 1 mm thick layer of the binder and the fly ash, wherein the microspheres of the fly ash cause a strong weight limit for the total mixture.

The finished mixture is then pressed in the dry or still humid state to at least one, preferably solid, plate-shaped component, wherein pressing pressures of z. B. 50 kg / cm ² to 400 kg / cm ² have proven to be expedient. Subsequently, the component at z. B. 800 ° C to 950 ° C sintered. As a result, prefabricated building parts are obtained, which can be used without further pretreatment.

The finished, sintered components 1 become with their bases 3 and placed in a desired pattern on the greening surfaces and secured by conventional means to this, wherein the individual components 1 appropriate with their faces 4 and 5 be arranged on impact. Finally, the sowing takes place on their surfaces 2 and, if necessary, irrigation.

example

There are 73 wt.% (380 kg) expanded clay or expanded slate with a grain gradation of 4 mm to 8 mm, 19 wt.% (100 kg) of clay (finely ground, grain size 0 mm to 0.06 mm) and 8 wt.% (40 kg) Microspheres (fly ash) in the form of Microspheres or Cennospheres mixed as described. The expanded clay balls are previously moistened with 20 kg to 70 kg of water. With the finished mixture 250 mm × 250 mm × 150 mm large plate-shaped components are produced by pressing at a pressure of 50 to 400 kg / cm ² in the dry state: Subsequently, the components are sintered at 750 ° C to 900 ° C in the kiln ,

The finished components are walkable without particles splintering or components to break. By applying grass seed and gentle irrigation, a greening will be carried out on at least part of a building component without any further precautions or treatments 9 as they are in the left part of the 2 and 3 is recognizable. In non-grassed parts 10 of the components 1 On the other hand, their surfaces remain without greening, as in the right part of the 2 and 3 is shown.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the plate-shaped component 1 is in 4 and 5 shown. The component 1 contains at least one from the top here 2 her introduced hole 11 with a circular inner cross-section. This hole 11 is preferably designed as a blind hole, such as 5 shows, and with a depth in the component 1 introduced, the z. B. about two thirds of the thickness of the component 1 equivalent. Instead of the two circular holes 11 to 4 can also have more or less holes or recesses 11 be provided with other inner contours, for example, those with angular (eg, square, rectangular or hexagonal), star-shaped, oval or other cross sections, these cross sections also within one and the same component 1 can be combined in any way.

The holes 11 serve, for example, the planting with special green roof plants, rock garden plants od. Like., The holes 11 additionally be completely or partially filled with soil or the plants can be planted together with soil. Approximately accumulating water may be due to the porosity of the component 1 from the holes 11 flow away. It is also conceivable, in the holes 11 already planted to use corresponding outer contours having flowerpots, whereby their slippage in wind and storm is avoided. The location, arrangement and orientation of the holes 11 can be chosen as required, depending on the individual case.

The preparation of the holes 11 is made by appropriate shaping of the dies or after the completion of the components 1 made by drilling. The production method is largely arbitrary.

The invention achieves several advantages. In addition to the creation of a walk-in prefabricated construction part, which is permanently maintained even in changeable weather, z. B: the advantage that no cumbersome work on the site are required, as would be the case with the use of loose beds. Next, the advantage is achieved that the components 1 Because of their high porosity, they not only provide high thermal insulation, but also have a high water absorption effect and can absorb about 30% to 40% of their volume of water. A z. B. 500 mm x 250 mm x 150 mm component with a total volume of 18.75 l can therefore absorb about 5.6 to 7.5 liters of water. This not only allows natural irrigation of the planting, but also has a favorable influence on the od usually od bituminous roofing membranes. Like. Existing cover layers, which are below the components 1 to be ordered. The entering at higher temperatures evaporation of the water leads namely to a cooling of the components due to the evaporative heat, with the result that the underlying bitumen layers od. Like. Be cooled. In particular, at high outside temperatures, therefore, the risk of zone-wise melting and leaking of the bituminous layers is considerably reduced in comparison to known gravel layers. Due to the vegetation with grass or the like, this danger is further reduced or the cooling effect is increased even further.

The invention is not limited to the described embodiment, which could be modified in many ways. This is especially true for the given dimensions of the plate-shaped components 1 and the weight ratios exemplified by mixing ratios of the various components. Furthermore, it is clear that the invention also the application of the described components 1 for the specific purpose of greening of surfaces, in particular of roof, wall and / or floor surfaces of buildings and other structures. Therefore, the plate-shaped components 1 on the one hand have other than the described square or rectangular peripheral contours and in the plan view round, oval, hexagonal or otherwise shaped. On the other hand, instead of plate-shaped components and those with different geometry, in particular in the form of large blocks, half-shells or balls produced and applied in the manner described. Finally, it should be understood that the various features may be applied in combinations other than those described and illustrated.

Claims (21)

Device for greening of roof, wall and / or floor surfaces, characterized in that it consists of at least one component ( 1 ) made of a mixture of a mineral expanded ceramic, a low sintering ceramic binder and fly ash as a filler by dry pressing and subsequent sintering. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) Contains expanded clay or expandable slate as expanded ceramics or volcanic ash. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) contains a Blähkeramik with a grain size of 4 mm to 8 mm. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) contains a low sintering clay as a binder. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) contains a binder having a particle size of 0 mm to 0.06 mm. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) is provided with a filler of a washed-out, containing substantially only aluminum silicate fly ash. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) contains a filler in the form of mineral microspheres with a grain size of 0 mm to 0.5 mm. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) 50 to 80 wt.% Blähkeramik, 10 to 30 wt.% Binder and 5 to 30 wt.% Contains filler. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) is a plate-shaped member and has a thickness of 65 mm to 150 mm. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) consists of a massive body. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) consists of a prefabricated construction part. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) is additionally enriched with a phosphate. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) is additionally enriched with borax at least in preselected sections. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) with at least one, from a top ( 2 ) incorporated hole ( 11 ) is provided. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the hole ( 11 ) is formed as a blind hole. Process for the preparation of a greening device according to one or more of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the expanded ceramic, the binder and the filler are mixed with one another, the mixture obtained is dried by pressing at least one component ( 1 ) and the component ( 1 ) is then sintered. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the mixture at a pressure of 50 g / cm ² to 400 g / cm ² to ^form a plate-like component ( 1 ) is pressed. A process as claimed in claim 16 or 17, wherein the mixture is first prepared by wetting expanded-porcelain particles having a particle size of 4 mm to 8 mm on its surface with water and then in a mixer with the binder in the dry state and is mixed with the filler at the same time or thereafter, and that the mixture is then in a dry or earth-moist state to form at least one plate-shaped component ( 1 ) is pressed. Method according to one of Claims 16 to 18, characterized that the Mixture before pressing small amounts of phosphate or borax be mixed. Method according to one of Claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) is sintered after pressing at a temperature of 800 ° C to 950 ° C. Application of a device according to one or more the claims 1 to 15 for greening roof, wall or floor surfaces.