DE102005026942A1 - Anchor bolt for attaching parts e.g. in automotive engineering, has anchor arms pulled together by elastic retaining rings that are stuck together for clamping block to carry back anchor block in its outlet positions - Google Patents

Abstract

The bolt has a clamping block (4) pulled with fixing bolts axially toward a screw nut (3), such that components to be connected are struck between anchor arms (7) of the block and washers (6). The block is pulled while opening a screw connection again by a widening ring (5). The anchor arms are pulled together by elastic retaining rings (8) that are stuck together for the clamping block to carry back the block in its outlet positions.

Description

The invention relates to an anchor bolt 1 which allows the connection of components by spreading and engaging behind Ankerarms without access to the back of the rear component for the application of a tool is required, and the return to its original position with the release of the compound and therefore can be readily reused.

• – entweder freien Zugang zur Vor- und Rückseite der zu verbindenden Werkstücke hat, um sie dann zum Beispiel durch eine Schrauben/Mutterkombination zu verbinden, indem man zum Beispiel auf einer Seite einen Schraubendreher an der Schraube und auf der Gegenseite einen Maulschlüssel an der Mutter ansetzt;
• – oder, wenn freier Zugang zu einer Seite später nicht möglich ist, auf der Rückseite eine Vorrichtung vorhanden ist (wie zum Beispiel ein vorher eingeschnittenes Gewinde, eine aufgeschweißte Mutter oder ein durch eine selbstschneidende Holz-/Blechschraube erfolgter Anschluß), an der man wieder in der ursprünglichen vorgegebenen Technik ansetzen kann;
• – oder, wenn freier Zugang zu eines Seite nicht möglich ist, durch nieten, kleben, schweißen o.ä. eine Verbindung geschaffen wird;
• – oder, wenn freier Zugang zu einer Seite nicht möglich ist, durch einen sich spreizenden Clip, meist aus Kunststoff, o.ä. das vordere Bauteil an das hintere Bauteil angesetzt wird;
• – oder, wenn freier Zugang zu einer Seite nicht möglich ist, durch Verwendung eines Hohlraumdübels das vordere Teil an das hintere Teil angesetzt wird.

In the current state of the art compounds of components are made in particular by using threaded screws, by self-tapping wood, sheet metal or similar screws, by riveting, by welding and by gluing and jamming. It is also known that it is necessary for the connection of components that one

• - Has either free access to the front and back of the workpieces to be joined, to then connect them, for example, by a screw / nut combination, for example, attaching on one side a screwdriver to the screw and on the opposite side of an open-end wrench on the mother ;
• - or, if free access to one side later is not possible, on the back of a device is present (such as a previously cut thread, a welded nut or made by a self-tapping wood / tapping screw connection) on which you again can start in the original given technique;
• - or, if free access to one side is not possible, by riveting, gluing, welding or similar. a connection is created;
• - or, if free access to a page is not possible, by a spreading clip, usually made of plastic, or similar. the front component is attached to the rear component;
• - or, if free access to one side is not possible, by using a cavity plug the front part is attached to the rear part.

To It is a combination of components with nuts and bolts required that the executive Person spatially Access to the front and the back which has components to connect; you are on the front and does not get to the back, to attach a tool there, it is not possible to fix by Screw and nut. Even if you look at the back must arrive first the screw should be correctly attached to the thread axially before It can be screwed in, resulting in time-critical production processes (Assembly line) or at hard times assembly to be positioned (e.g., assembly of wind turbines, Antenna masts, bridge girders, girders of Lifts) a hindrance to the workflow and thus a increase of the costs.

at Before connecting existing threads, it is usually afterwards not possible, additional attachment points to set up in the same technique; with the destruction, for example, only one Thread must At several points interconnected components usually completely on all connection points are disconnected to access the defective To obtain thread, which then replaced or recut must become. Alternatively, one must other technical connection (bonding, welding, riveting, screw with self-tapping Thread) are used. The change of technology goes in the Usually with changes the visual appearance and / or a significant change associated with the strength of the compound, which usually felt as disadvantageous becomes (Visibility the changed Technology opposite existing connections) or from a technical point of view Objectively disadvantageous (because, for example, less resilient).

The Bonding by gluing, welding and the like Techniques leads to prevent the parts from being damaged without destroying the joint, most with damage associated parts, can be separated from each other. at destruction The compound is usually to remove adhesive residue or rework welds and for prepare the reconnection, which results in considerable material and labor required.

The Connection by riveting can not be solved nondestructively and leads in case of repair, causing a drilling out of the joint what is required is the risk of damage to the components, in particular by enlargement of the Connection port, in itself and usually means that in the rear area located behind engaging part of the rivets as waste accrues and besides - at Inaccessibility - in the assembly object remains. In case of damage the mounting hole must one Rivet higher Sizes used become, resulting in visual impairments and changes the technical strength lead can (for example, if the opening on the edge of a sheet or a supporting frame part is located and by enlargement of the opening the Material thickness for Edge of the sheet or the frame by drilling reduced).

The use of expanding clips is mainly suitable for the connection of components, which is usually a relative (eg Screw connection) lower strength and higher tolerance of displacements of the components to each other at the attachment point allowed. Such clips are either not at all or only very often reusable, various clips are destroyed as intended for separation of the components, resulting in the loss of the component and often component residues in the mounting object by itself. Furthermore, such components are usually individual custom-made (for example, for the installation of interior trim or other components in motor vehicles), for which the user can sometimes obtain limited time or dealer limited replacement.

The Use of cavity dowels leads known designs to that in there inaccessible or just through the drill hole accessible Cavity spread parts of the anchor / dowel construction no longer can be removed from the cavity. The spreading leads regularly, that the spread parts with the release of the connection no more to return to their starting position can, without having immediate access to the parts. This is how it is added known spring expansion dowels the anchor arms folded to the threaded axis, with a small cross-section through the drill hole to be plugged and after passing through the anchor arms spread by spring force to their final position. A renewed folding (folding back) of the anchor arms the thread axis is no longer possible. You can connect to solve, by turning out the thread axis; then the armature arms dissolve in the cavity along with spring from the axle and fall into the cavity. One can also the dowel completely at the thread axis stuck in the hole; in both cases mentioned above the remaining parts in the cavity finally inaccessible waste in the mounting object or have to through hard-to-control, usually time-consuming and patience challenging retrieving and grasping ("fishing").

Similar is the situation in the result of known plastic dowels, in which one at the Halteachse attached second axis is folded down to the cavity the mounting hole to reach behind. These parts do not return on solution of the compound regularly, certainly not complete, back to their starting position and can therefore only with special effort removed from the cavity and also be reused.

Further known dowels can Although they are spread and also reach behind to a certain angle, but also do not return undestroyed or not without significant impairment in the substance (e.g., kinking of the material at target sites, at repeated spreading u.a. due to material fatigue Abort of the predetermined bending points in metal) back to their original position.

The task the invention

Of the Invention is based on the object of such a device create that in the connection of components in particular ago a cavity or critical accessibility of the back or at a non-constant attachment opening a spreading and engaging behind of the fastening part in the cavity is possible and when loosening the Link the device unbreakable, without disconnection or loss of individual parts of the fastening part and without changing the cross section of the mounting hole this completely quickly pulled out and often without problems again as intended can be used without access to the cavity side is required.

The invention is based on the idea to summarize the armature arms to be spread and engaged behind in an axially on the anchor rod slidably arranged clamping block and hold by spring force of the elastic retaining rings initially in the tight-fitting starting position, the easy insertion into and easy removal of the anchor bolt allow the mounting hole, while in the process of attachment by pulling the terminal block on the neck conically shaped spreader ring, a spring force counteracting force is used by deflection on the anchor arms to a nearly simultaneous spreading and engaging behind the anchor arms and continuation of the force ( "Attaching") to connect the components by shortening the distance between the terminal block and the washer - whose opposite the bolt head larger diameter corresponds to the diameter of the terminal block in a spread position and di e so that the outer member forms the stop for the anchor bolt inserted into the mounting hole - and the mother leads, which in turn reverses the force ("loosening") causes the connection of the components dissolved and the cross-spreading by returning the anchor arms means the restoring force of the retaining rings is released to the starting position by the clamping block is withdrawn from the spreader ring. By using the bolt head of the anchor rod, caused by rotation in the thread, there is a shortening of the distance between the bolt head and nut, whereby the arranged therebetween on the anchor rod anchor arms of the terminal block - which are compressed by the elastic retaining rings in the direction of the axis of the anchor rod - on also arranged on the anchor rod th pushed conically shaped expansion ring at the base and thereby be moved on the circumferential inclined plane of the spreader ring away from the central axis of the anchor rod radially outward. By turning away the bolt head (rotation of the anchor rod in the opposite direction), the distance between the bolt head and nut is extended again, whereby the armature arms of the terminal block on the axis acting force of the retaining rings zoom back to the anchor rod and pulled down from the conical surface of the spreader ring and thereby can go back to the starting position lying close to the anchor rod.

One Core idea of the invention is also that the force on the bolt to be turned (here: the anchor rod) not - as usual with bolts - on the Head must be done but on the opposite footboard can be done on which a device for the use of force similar to is attached to a grub screw, which is in a Innenkantausführung, the Slit like a slotted or phillips screw or any external polygon design can be configured. Nevertheless, the head of the anchor rod can also be used in special designs also with bends or slits be provided to allow the approach of tools there as well.

By the spread and attraction of preferably uniform and ring-like armature arms arranged around the anchor rod is the Anchor bolts not only in use on cavities, but may e.g. also in cylindrical boreholes in solid materials, in unevenly designed mounting holes - e.g. at porous - and in Soft materials are used.

A preferred embodiment will lie in a washer with the diameter of the Head of anchor rod and terminal block on the anchor rod between to arrange the head and the terminal block to the at the rotation of the Head occurring forces not directly transferred to the terminal block.

A preferred embodiment The invention will further be that on the anchor rod and the nut threads are made according to relevant standards, whereby essential parts of production take place on machines can, the e.g. also for the production of nuts and bolts are used.

A preferred embodiment The invention will consist in a terminal block consisting of three composite uniform anchor arms to use, as a result, a relatively small number of components of the anchor bolt while ensuring uniform and stable load distribution (similar as with a tripod) around the axis of the anchor rod and thus around the mounting hole is achieved around.

A preferred embodiment The invention will consist in a terminal block consisting of four composite uniform anchor arms to use, as a result of the terminal block from a relatively small Number of standardized semi-finished products as cost-effective starting material (Quarter rods) can be produced.

A preferred embodiment The invention will further be that the number of anchor arms of the terminal block increased becomes, thereby the attack surface of the terminal block to increase the component.

A preferred embodiment The invention will further be that the anchor arms on the attack surface of the terminal block on the component to be connected profiling - for example in the form of grooves, grids or corrugations - obtained, resulting in a higher fixing force is reached at the pivot point.

A preferred embodiment The invention will further be that the terminal block a or receives more grooves, in which the elastic retaining rings (e.g., rubber or spring steel) are arranged through which the anchor arms of the terminal block in the direction of Anchor bolt pressed become; On the one hand, the grooves prevent the retaining rings from slipping of the terminal block and allow on the other hand, that the diameter of the terminal block is not, anyway not essential, over the Overall diameter of the terminal block goes out.

A preferred embodiment will continue to be that the terminal block executed without grooves and this in place of the use of spring washers over a large area of an elastic tube is included, which then has the effect of several Replaced retaining rings replaced.

A another embodiment the connection of the anchor arms by elastic materials (for Example sponge rubber) provide, between the existing with each other contact surfaces the anchor arms - for example can be used by sticking.

A preferred embodiment of the invention will further be that a profiling of both the spreader ring and the terminal block takes place in such a way that during assembly, the armature arms are pressed by the spreader ring to the outside and simultaneously engage in a groove on the expansion ring; As a result, the anchor arms of the terminal block are guided in a defined position, from which further spreading is prevented. Such an embodiment will be chosen if the surface and / or the material to which the armature arms engage the mounting part provide relatively little hold against displacement.

A preferred embodiment The invention will further be that of the anchor rod arranged spreader an attached or integrated washer obtained; The washer can be used as protection of the component to be connected from damage by the attacking nut during assembly and as a defined anchor point for the in the mounting hole introduced Anchor bolts serve; at the same time it will increase the number of required Components for lowered the concrete application form of the anchor bolt. Likewise, spreader ring and / or washer already constructive in the to be mounted Component to be integrated.

A preferred embodiment The invention will further be that of the anchor rod arranged spreader an attached or integrated nut gets whereby the number of components is reduced.

A preferred embodiment The invention will further be that of the anchor bolt arranged spreader not just an attached or integrated Washer but also about it addition or integrated mother receives, reducing the number of Components is further lowered. It is sufficient for the functionality of the Invention, that the component, which the female thread for receiving wearing the anchor rod, before turning around the anchor rod can be preserved, be it by a Außenkantausführung, by Holes for the approach of a tool or by training similar to lace a turning nut, at the elevations in the material of the outer mounting part penetrate and thereby turning with the anchor bolt is prevented.

A preferred embodiment The invention will further be that the spreader ring in turn not directly on the anchor rod, but on a support element is rotatably arranged, causing the spreader on rotation the anchor bolt and the nut forces no longer transmitted directly can be what the friction generated by rotation of the expansion ring against the Armature arms of the terminal block minimized.

A preferred embodiment The invention will further be that the underside of the bolt head the anchor rod profiling in the form of a curvature or the design of an edge receives the one also profiled Anchor arms of the terminal block in a narrowly defined range of motion hold, if by tightening the anchor bolt, the bolt head the Force on the terminal block transmits.

A Another preferred embodiment of Invention will be that the terminal block consists of only one part is made, wherein the terminal block from a force effects deformable, but at the termination of the force in the Output form resetting Material - for example Hard rubber - manufacture is. Lower manufacturing costs can here with a lower load capacity and with a restriction reusability, if and to the extent Deformation of the material material fatigue occurs. In this embodiment can be dispensed with the use of retaining rings. The radial Deformability of such a terminal block can be caused by notches, which in principle, the formation of anchor arms imply increased.

A preferred embodiment The invention will further be that the expansion ring in the Area in which the openings the components to be connected when mounting abut, consistently so cylindrical will that over the total material thickness the pierced components closely fit the edges of their openings on the spreader ring abuts, so as to prevent a displacement of the components against each other, if the components are known in their material thickness.

A preferred embodiment The invention also becomes lie therein, the terminal block as a multiple interrupted washer form, the ring segments form the anchor arms, and by Sticking on an elastic carrier unit applied radially to the anchor rod can be spread outward. Thereby a particularly small depth of the terminal block is possible. For mechanical more stable embodiments one ring segments on the front and back of the carrier unit Arrange, with the opposite on the front and back respectively arranged ring segments for further stabilization with each other can be connected.

In further particular embodiments, steeper pitches of the threaded construction will be selected to reach the mounting position with fewer turns. At high pitch angles, a preferred embodiment in the end position of the tightened anchor bolt provide a detent position, which must be overcome to ver an independent loosen ver avoid, which can occur when high forces counteract the tightened bolt.

areas of application

Of the Invention is suitable for the use in all areas of the connection technology, in which a fast and / or non-destructive opening and closing Connection between components should be made and / or accessibility (e.g., in front of cavities) only from the outside can take place. Essential application examples are the attachment of parts of hollow ceilings or hollow walls on buildings, the attachment of parts in motor vehicle construction, the attachment of parts in electrical appliances and the Fixing parts in furniture construction. Similarly, the repair work comes in the above areas into consideration; especially if parts are affected that only on Some jobs have become loose, but not (yet) decreased can be (or should) and an attachment should be made so that a non-destructive to be opened Connection is created; a limitation of the invention to these Application examples are not. The invention requires for the compound in principle only the existence of a respective substantially equal opening of the to be connected components through which the anchor bolt pushed and can be attached immediately. Will not with existing holes / openings worked, that's enough for example, the superpositioning the components in the desired Position, the creation of a hole or similar at the desired Place (from one side) to then by use of the invention the two components final in the intended position connect to.

embodiments

Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings (in which 1 to 11b ) explained. Show it:

1 : A side view of the invention in a simple design

2 : A section through the invention according to 1 In the basic position

3 : A section along the anchor rod according to the invention 1 in screwed position

4 : Make a cut at right angles to the anchor rod according to 1

5 : A section through the invention with a grooved outside for retaining rings terminal block

6 : A section through the invention with a grooved in the contact area for equally grooved spreader block

7 : A section through the invention with a spreader, in which the washer is integrated.

8th : A section through the invention with a spreader, in which the washer and the nut is integrated.

9 : A section through the invention with a spreader, which is rotatably mounted on a combined with the washer carrier element.

10 : A section through the invention with a profiled anchor rod head and against profiled terminal block

11a : An optimized in the depth of the terminal block 4d

11b : An optimized in the depth of the terminal block 4d in the side section of the invention

1 shows the anchor bolt 1 in the side view, on the anchor rod 2 the terminal block 4 - consisting of the anchor arms 7 and the retaining rings 8th - Is arranged axially displaceable so that the inclined planes of the anchor arms 7 on the bolt head 10 located on the opposite side. Also on the anchor rod 7 deferred is the spreader ring 5 which is aligned so that it with its inclined planes the terminal block 4 is facing. Also on the anchor rod 2 pushed are the washer 6 , whose outer diameter in each case over the outer diameter of the bolt head 10 , the clamping block and the spreader ring go out, and the nut 3 , The inner diameter of the terminal block 4 and the spreader ring 5 are slightly larger than the shaft of the anchor rod 2 To execute so that they are axially free over the anchor rod 2 can be moved without getting stuck with Him.

2 shows the invention according to 1 in - slightly exploded exploded - section. The invention is in 1 and 2 in the (not spread) basic position, as it is to be arranged before insertion into the mounting hole.

3 shows the invention (according to execution in 1 and 2 ) in the (spread) screwed position, as after insertion and screwing by holding the nut 3 and turning the anchor rod 2 (or by holding the anchor rod 2 and by turning the nut 3 ) achieved becomes. The between the anchor arms 7 and the washer 6 Any parts are connected by pressing together.

4 shows a section through the invention in the embodiment according to 1 (Section IV, the arrows indicate the viewing direction), through which the star-shaped around the anchor rod 2 arranged and through the retaining rings 8th compressed anchor arms 7 of the terminal block 4 be visible in the starting position.

5 shows a section through the invention according to 2 , where the terminal block 4a two circumferential grooves in the anchor arms 7a has, in which the retaining rings 8a are introduced.

6 shows a section through the invention with a terminal block 4b and a spreader ring 5a when screwing by twisting the anchor rod 2 against the mother 3 mesh with the grooves and thereby limit the possible spread of the anchor arms 7b form.

7 shows a section through the invention with a terminal block 4a according to 5 and a combined with the washer into a single component expansion ring 5b ,

8th shows a section through the invention with a terminal block 4a according to 5 and a combined with the washer and the nut into a single component expansion ring 5c ,

9 shows a section through the invention with a terminal block 4a according to 5 and a carrier element combined with the washer to form a component 11 on which the spreader ring 5e arranged rotatably mounted and thereby of more direct friction when turning the anchor rod 2 is decoupled.

10 shows a section through a bolt 1a in which the underside of the bolt head 10a by configuring an edge with respect to a terminal block 4c standing at the contact side on his anchor arms 7c also has a trailing edge, it is designed so that when screwing a shearing of the anchor arms 7c is prevented.

11a shows a terminal block 4d formed from a multiple interrupted washer, whose three ring cutouts (anchor arms) 7d on an elastic carrier 8c are firmly attached, which consists in the embodiment of rubber and also in the areas 11 , in which there is no firm connection to the ring cutouts (anchor names), with angled arms a contour (the representation of the carrier 8c in 11a at the same time corresponds to a possible punching contour), which allows an even greater spreading apart of the ring cutouts (anchor arms) 7d allows, as only by material expansion of the carrier 8c it is possible. The function of the terminal block can be achieved by forming the armature arms as segments of a washer at a very low depth. An increase in mechanical load capacity can be achieved by applying to the carrier 8c ring excerpts 7d and 7e be mounted on both the front and on the back, whereby the carrier is uncoupled from the friction of the adjacent parts of the anchor bolt on both sides. The representation corresponds to the section XIa through the invention in FIG 11b ,

11b shows the terminal block 4d according to 11a in side view on an anchor rod 2 between the head area 10 and a spreader with integrated washer 5b arranged, wherein the terminal block from a group of anchor arms 7d exists, as well as the oppositely arranged group of anchor arms 7e on the elastic carrier 8c are attached. The anchor arms 7d and 7e have in the inside of the anchor rod aligned area with the conical configuration of the expansion ring 5b corresponding bevel, which conveys the spread of the terminal block when tightening expansion ring with the terminal block.

Claims (12)

Anchor bolts ( 1 ) for the connection of components, characterized by a) that a threaded bolt - the anchor rod - (2) in the foot area ( 9 ) of the shank a device for the attachment of a tool for rotating the anchor rod ( 2 ) against a component carrying the internal thread - the nut - ( 3 ), b) one on the anchor rod ( 2 ) axially displaceably arranged terminal block ( 4 ), consisting of anchor arms ( 7 ), its overall circumference increased by the fact that he during the tightening by the bolt head ( 10 ) on a corresponding on the anchor rod ( 2 ) - also axially displaceable - arranged Spreizring ( 5 ), c) the terminal block ( 4 ) with the screwing axially in the direction of the nut ( 3 ) is pulled, thereby a - interlocking - jamming of the components to be connected between the splayed armature arms ( 7 ) of the terminal block ( 4 ) and washer ( 6 ) whose diameter exceeds that of the other elements in the respective starting position is possible, and d) the clamping block ( 4 ) again during the opening of the screw from the spreader ring ( 5 ), the splayed armature arms ( 7 ) to the terminal block ( 4 ) holding together elastic retaining rings ( 8th ) and thus the terminal block ( 4 ) in its starting position small outside diameter is set back. Anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping block ( 4a ) and thus the armature arms forming it ( 7a ) one or more circumferential grooves for receiving elastic Haltringen ( 8a ) receives. Anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping block ( 4b ) and thus the armature arms forming it ( 7b ) and spreader ring ( 5a ) a tongue and groove profiling to limit the achievable total circumference of the terminal block ( 4b ) receive. An anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized by that the terminal block is covered by an elastic tube. Anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that in the spreader ring ( 5b ) a washer is integrated. An anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized by that in the spreader ring a nut is integrated. Anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that in the spreader ring ( 5c ) a washer and a nut is integrated. Anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that the spreader ring ( 5e ) on a support element ( 11 ) is arranged. Anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that the underside of the bolt head ( 10a ) of the anchor rod ( 2a ) and against the terminal block ( 4c ) with its anchor arms ( 7c ) is profiled. An anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized by that the terminal block consists of an elastic component. An anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized by that the thread on anchor rod and nut with detent position in executed the fastening position become. An anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchor arms ( 7d and 7e ) of the terminal block ( 4d ) is formed to reduce the depth from the segments of a multiple split washer whose sections ( 7d and 7e ) on an elastic retaining ring ( 8c ) are applied as a carrier and connected by this together to form a terminal block.