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DE102004034039A1 - Extrusion method for processing raw material in extruder to extrudate comprises filling the material; homogenizing; exhausting; transporting; mixing, milling; transporting material to ejection zone; condensing; and transporting extrudate - Google Patents

Extrusion method for processing raw material in extruder to extrudate comprises filling the material; homogenizing; exhausting; transporting; mixing, milling; transporting material to ejection zone; condensing; and transporting extrudate Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102004034039A1
DE102004034039A1 DE102004034039A DE102004034039A DE102004034039A1 DE 102004034039 A1 DE102004034039 A1 DE 102004034039A1 DE 102004034039 A DE102004034039 A DE 102004034039A DE 102004034039 A DE102004034039 A DE 102004034039A DE 102004034039 A1 DE102004034039 A1 DE 102004034039A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
extruder
raw material
transporting
extrudate
roller
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE102004034039A
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German (de)
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DE102004034039B4 (en
Inventor
Bashar Idilbi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TECHNAMATION TECHNICAL EUROP G
TECHNAMATION TECHNICAL EUROPE GmbH
Original Assignee
TECHNAMATION TECHNICAL EUROP G
TECHNAMATION TECHNICAL EUROPE GmbH
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Priority to DE102004034039A priority Critical patent/DE102004034039B4/en
Publication of DE102004034039A1 publication Critical patent/DE102004034039A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE102004034039B4 publication Critical patent/DE102004034039B4/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • B29B7/426—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix with consecutive casings or screws, e.g. for charging, discharging, mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/485—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with three or more shafts provided with screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/487—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with consecutive casings or screws, e.g. for feeding, discharging, mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
    • B29B7/489—Screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
    • B29B7/826—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/84—Venting or degassing ; Removing liquids, e.g. by evaporating components
    • B29B7/845—Venting, degassing or removing evaporated components in devices with rotary stirrers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
    • B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
    • B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
    • B29B7/92—Wood chips or wood fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/435—Sub-screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/435—Sub-screws
    • B29C48/44—Planetary screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • B29C48/832—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • B29C48/834—Cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/72—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76—Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2001/00—Use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. viscose, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08J2323/06—Polyethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C08J2323/12—Polypropene

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

Extrusion method (for processing raw material (a) comprising plastic material and cellulose containing material in an extruder (2) to a extrudate) comprises filling (a) into a feeding zone; homogenizing; exhausting the accumulated gas by heating; transporting (a) into a homogenization zone; mixing and milling; transporting (a) into an ejection zone; exhausting the gas by heating; condensing; and transporting the extrudate. Extrusion method (for processing of raw material (a) comprising plastic material and cellulose containing material, in an extruder (2) in the form of a planetary roller extruder to a extrudate) comprises (during the rotation of the main spiral (6) of the extruder, under permanent, regulated addition or withdrawal of thermal energy over the entire length of the main spiral, preferably by the burning and introducing of gas and/or the addition of compressed air): filling the plastic material and the cellulose containing raw material into a feeding zone of planetary roller extruder; homogenizing by mixing and condensing (a) by the main spiral; exhausting the accumulated gas, water vapor and/or water by heating and/or condensing (a); transporting (a) into a homogenization zone of the extruder by the main spiral; mixing and milling (a) by main spiral and rotating planetary gear wheel rollers; transporting (a) into an ejection zone of planetary roller extruder by the main spiral; exhausting the accumulated gas and/or water vapor and water by heating and/or condensing (a); condensing the material by a compression spiral section of the main spiral; and transporting the extrudate from planetary roller extruder by the main spiral. An independent claim is also included for a extruder (2) for processing plastic material or cellulose containing material existing raw material comprising an motor (11), a gear (12), a drive (13), sequentially arranged three axial extrusion waves (7, 8, 9) respectively in an extruder cylinder (3, 4, 5), a heating system and an air cooling system, where the first and second extrusion waves (7, 9) in form of spiral waves energetically and positively connected with intermediately-stored extrusion wave (8) in form front roller (preferably gear wheel roller), around which found a straight number of equal length, parallel to a axial rotational axis of the gear wheel roller arranged planetary gear wheel rollers.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Extrusionsverfahren zum Bearbeiten von Rohmaterial, bestehend aus Kunststoffmaterial und zellulosehaltigem Material, in einem Extruder in Form eines Planetwalzenextruders, zu einem Extrudat, sowie einen Extruder mit dem auch ein solches Verfahren durchführbar ist.The Invention relates to an extrusion process for processing raw material, consisting of plastic material and cellulosic material, in an extruder in the form of a planetary roller extruder, to a Extrudate, as well as an extruder with which such a process feasible is.

Die Bearbeitung kann dabei aus einem Mischen, Verschneiden, Entgasen, Entwässern, Kompaktieren und/oder Granulieren bestehen. Es existieren eine Vielzahl von. Vorrichtungen zur Verarbeitung von zellulosehaltigem Material, insbesondere Naturfasern und zur Einmischung desselben in eine Kunststoffmatrix. Allgemein beruhen die Verfahren, die von den Vorrichtungen ausgeführt werden, auf einem Pressvorgang, wobei mittels einer Lochmatrize Pellets u.ä. hergestellt werden können.The Processing can consist of mixing, blending, degassing, Drain, Compaction and / or granulation exist. There are a multitude from. Apparatus for processing cellulosic material, in particular natural fibers and for incorporation thereof into a plastic matrix. Generally, the methods performed by the devices are on a pressing process, whereby by means of a perforated die pellets etc. produced can be.

So offenbart die DE 100 32 804 A1 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Granulaten aus Naturfasern, welche mittels einem vertikalwirkenden Hubmechanismus der auf eine Ring oder Flachmatritzenpresse einwirkt, unter Zugabe von Kunststoffen, Haftvermittlern und mineralischen Substanzen gepresst werden können.So revealed the DE 100 32 804 A1 a process for the production of granules of natural fibers, which can be pressed by means of a vertically acting lifting mechanism acting on a ring or Flachmatritzenpresse, with the addition of plastics, adhesion promoters and mineral substances.

Die DE 102 10 107 stellt ein Verfahren vor, welches ein Zwischenprodukt, dass sich für eine Extrusion eignet behandelt. Das Zwischenprodukt besteht dabei ebenfalls aus Naturfasern und Kunststoffen, wobei die Kunststoffe dem Verfahren in Strangform zugegeben werden, und wird unter thermische Behandlung, Zerkleinerung und Mischung sowie Erzeugung eines Unterdrucks in Pelletform ausgegeben.The DE 102 10 107 presents a process which treats an intermediate suitable for extrusion. The intermediate product also consists of natural fibers and plastics, wherein the plastics are added to the process in strand form, and is output under thermal treatment, comminution and mixing and generation of a negative pressure in pellet form.

Ebenfalls bekannt sind Schneckenextruder unterschiedlichster Ausgestaltung, welche jedoch im wesentlichen Kunststoffe zu Granulat oder Pulver verarbeiten können. So zeigt die DE 2813 585 C2 einen solchen Schneckenextruder mit thermisch von einer Plastifizierungszone getrennte Zuführungszone.Also known are screw extruders of various designs, which, however, can process plastics into granules or powder essentially. That's how it shows DE 2813 585 C2 such a screw extruder with feed zone thermally separated from a plasticization zone.

Die Verwendung eines derartigen Extruders für eine Rohmaterialmischung aus Kunststoffmaterial und zellulosehaltigem Material ist jedoch nicht bekannt. Eine solche Verwendung wäre auch nicht möglich, da der Wassergehalt des zellulosehaltigen Materials, welcher teilweise z.B. bei Holz zwischen 10 und 80 % liegt, und welcher dadurch eine erheblichen Menge von während des Extrusionsvorgangs erzeugten Wassers bzw. Wasserdampfs mit sich brächte, zu einer minderen Qualität des Extrudats führen würde. So würden das Extrudat einen hohen Anteil von durch Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf erzeugte Blasen zeigen, die das homogene Gefüge und die Stabilität des Extrudats erheblich einschränken würden.The Use of such an extruder for a raw material mixture of plastic material and cellulosic material, however not known. Such a use would not be possible because the water content of the cellulosic material, which partially e.g. with wood between 10 and 80% lies, and which thereby a considerable amount of during the water or water vapor produced by the extrusion process would entail a lesser quality of the extrudate would. So would the extrudate a high proportion of water or water vapor produced bubbles show the homogeneous structure and the stability of the extrudate considerably restrict would.

Im Übrigen ist die Extrusion von Naturfasern mit einem Wassergehalt von 10 bis 80% bei allen bekannten Verfahren zumindest im oberen genannten Prozentbereich problematisch und kann derzeit nur unter Zugabe von Additiven, welche die Feuchtigkeit binden oder überhaupt nicht funktionieren.Incidentally, is the extrusion of natural fibers with a water content of 10 to 80% in all known processes, at least in the above-mentioned percentage range problematic and can currently only with the addition of additives, which bind the moisture or at all do not work.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Extrusionsverfahren sowie einen Extruder vorzuschlagen, das bzw. der einen hohen Anteil von Naturfasern mit einem Wassergehalt von 10% bis 80% energie- und umweltschonend, mit hoher Homogenität, unter geringen Produktionkosten und vergleichsweiser Blasenfreiheit extrudieren kann.task The invention is an extrusion process and an extruder to propose that a high proportion of natural fibers with a water content of 10% to 80% energy and environmental friendly, with high homogeneity, under low production costs and comparatively bladder-free can extrude.

Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird verfahrenstechnisch dadurch gelöst, dass folgende Verfahrensschritte während des Umlaufbetriebs einer Hauptschnecke des Planetwalzenextruders, unter ständigem, geregeltem Zugeben oder Entzug von thermischer Energie über die gesamte Länge der Hauptschnecke, insbesondere durch die Verbrennung und Einleitung von Gas und/oder die Zugabe von Druckluft, durchlaufen werden:

  • a) Einfüllen des Kunststoffmaterials und des zellulosehaltigem Rohmaterials, in eine Einfüllzone des Planetwalzenextruders,
  • b) Homogenisieren durch Mischen und Verdichten des Rohmaterials durch die Hauptschnecke,
  • c) Abführen des durch Erhitzen und/oder Verdichten des Rohmaterials angefallenen Gases, Wasserdampfs und/oder Wassers,
  • d) Transportieren des Rohmaterials in eine Homogenisierungszone des Planetwalzenextruders durch die Hauptschnecke,
  • e) Mischen und Zerkleinern des Rohmaterials durch die Hauptschnecke und umlaufende Planetenzahnradwalzen,
  • f) Transportieren des Rohmaterials in eine Ausstoßzone des Planetwalzenextruders durch die Hauptschnecke,
  • g) Abführen des durch Erhitzen und/oder Verdichten des Rohmaterials angefallenen Gases und/oder Wasserdampfs und Wassers,
  • h) Verdichten des Materials durch einen Verdichtungsschneckenabschnitt der Hauptschnecke und
  • i) Transport des Extrudats aus dem Planetwalzenextruder durch die Hauptschnecke.
The object of the invention is procedurally achieved in that the following process steps during the circulation operation of a main screw of the planetary roller extruder, under constant, controlled adding or removal of thermal energy over the entire length of the main screw, in particular by the combustion and introduction of gas and / or the addition of Compressed air, to be run through:
  • a) filling the plastic material and the cellulosic raw material into a filling zone of the planetary roller extruder,
  • b) homogenizing by mixing and compacting the raw material through the main screw,
  • c) discharging the gas, water vapor and / or water incurred by heating and / or compressing the raw material,
  • d) transporting the raw material into a homogenization zone of the planetary roller extruder through the main screw,
  • e) Mixing and comminuting the raw material through the main screw and rotating planetary gear rollers,
  • f) transporting the raw material into an ejection zone of the planetary roller extruder through the main screw,
  • g) removing the gas and / or water vapor and water produced by heating and / or compressing the raw material,
  • h) compacting the material through a compression screw section of the main screw and
  • i) Transport of the extrudate from the planetary roller extruder through the main screw.

Zudem löst die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe ein Extruder zum Bearbeiten von aus Kunststoffmaterial und zellulosehaltigem Material bestehendem Rohmaterial, zusammengesetzt aus Kunststoffmaterial und zellulosehaltigem Material, aufweisend einen Motor, ein Getriebe, einen Antrieb, drei axial hintereinander angeordnete Extruderwellen in jeweils einem Extruderzylinder, ein Heizsystem und ein Luftkühlsystem, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste und zweite Extruderwelle in Form einer Schneckenwelle kraft- und formschlüssig mit der dazwischengelagerten dritten Extruderwelle oder Stirnwalze in Form einer Zahnradwalze verbunden sind, um welche sich eine geraden Anzahl von gleich langen, parallel zu einer axialen Drehachse der Zahnradwalze angeordneten Planetenzahnradwalzen befindet.In addition, the object of the invention solves an extruder for processing of plastic material and cellulosic material existing raw material, composed of Kunststoffmate Rial and cellulosic material, comprising a motor, a gear, a drive, three axially successively arranged extruder shafts in each case an extruder barrel, a heating system and an air cooling system, characterized in that the first and second extruder shaft in the form of a worm shaft and positive fit with the intermediate third extruder shaft or front roller in the form of a gear roller are connected, around which there is an even number of equal length, arranged parallel to an axial axis of rotation of the gear roller planetary gear rollers.

Das Verfahren erlaubt, im Gegensatz zu allen bekannten Verfahren, die Verarbeitung von zellulosehaltigem Material mit einem Wassergehalt von bis zu 80% und ist damit auch für die Verwendung von frischem, sog. grünem Holz geeignet. Insbesondere kann gänzlich auf etwaige Bindemittel für die Aufnahme von Wasser verzichtet werden. Durch die verfahrensgemäße frühzeitige Beheizung des Rohmaterials vor dem eigentlichen Pressvorgang, ist eine erstaunliche Vortrocknung möglich, die zusammen mit den anderen erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensschritten zu einer Wasserreduktion von bis zu 1% Wassergehalt des Extrudats im Endzustand führt. Die Verwendung einer Gasfeuerung, vorzugsweise mittels Propangas, erlaubt eine schnelle Regelung der Temperatur und ist im Gegensatz zur bei Extruders üblicherweise verwendeten elektrischen Heizung zudem erheblich kostengünstiger und umweltgerechter umzusetzen. Bei einer vergleichsweise geringen Umdrehung der Hauptschnecke von etwa 10 bis 20 Umdrehungen pro Minute kann zudem ein überraschend hoher Ausstoß von Extrudat erreicht werden, der die übliche Ausstoßmenge von etwa 200 kg pro Stunde um ein Vielfaches, d.h. je nach Größe des Extruders um einen Faktor 2 bis 11 übertrifft. Werden zudem als Kunststoffmaterial natürliche Thermoplasten und Modifikatoren verwendet, führt dies zu einer erheblich verbesserten Umweltverträglichkeit sowohl während der Produktion, als auch bei der Verwendung des erzeugten Extrudates. Beim Durchlauf des Rohmaterials durch die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensschritte ist noch der durch die Homogenisierungszone erreichte hohe Grad an Homogenisierung des vorgetrockneten Rohmaterials vorteilhaft, der schon vor der eigentlichen Verdichtung unter einem Druck von bis zu 200 bar erreicht wird.The Procedure allows, in contrast to all known methods, the Processing of cellulosic material with a water content up to 80% and is therefore also for the use of fresh, so-called green Wood suitable. In particular, may be based entirely on any binder for receiving be dispensed with water. Due to the procedural early Heating the raw material before the actual pressing process is one amazing pre-drying possible, which together with the other method steps according to the invention a water reduction of up to 1% water content of the extrudate in Final state leads. The Use of a gas firing, preferably by means of propane gas allowed a quick control of the temperature and is unlike at Extruders usually used electric heater also significantly cheaper and environmentally sound implementation. At a comparatively low Rotation of the main screw from about 10 to 20 revolutions per minute It can also be a surprise high output of Extrudate can be achieved, which is the usual discharge rate of about 200 kg per hour by a multiple, i. depending on the size of the extruder exceeds by a factor of 2 to 11. Become also as a plastic material natural thermoplastics and modifiers used, this leads to a much improved environmental impact both during the Production, as well as in the use of the extrudate produced. During the passage of the raw material through the process steps according to the invention is still the high degree reached by the homogenization zone advantageous for homogenization of the pre-dried raw material, even before the actual compression under a pressure of up to 200 bar is reached.

Natürlich erlaubt das Verfahren auch weiterhin Materialzusätze beispielsweise von Langlasfasern, insbesondere von Gummimehl zur Steigerung der Schlagfestigkeit des Extrudats oder von hydrophoben Zuschlagstoffen zur Veränderung von dessen Wasseraufnahmefähigkeit.Of course allowed the process also continues to provide material additives, for example, long-fiber lasers, in particular of powdered rubber to increase the impact resistance of the Extrudates or hydrophobic additives to change of its water absorption capacity.

Auch kann eine verbesserte Verarbeitung auch durch eine Wasserzugabe von bis zu. 5% erreicht werden. Im übrigen ist keinerlei vorherige Vertrocknung eines Compounds bzw. des Rohmaterials, insbesondere der Naturfasern erforderlich. Somit handelt es sich um ein im wesentlichen kontinuierlich ausführbares Direktextrusionsverfahren.Also can be improved processing also by adding water from up to. 5% can be achieved. Otherwise, no previous Drying of a compound or the raw material, in particular the natural fibers required. Thus, it is essentially one continuously executable Direct extrusion process.

Selbstverständlich muss auch eine teilweise Überlappung der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensschritte nicht wesentlich von Nachteil und kann sogar erwünscht sein.Of course you have to also a partial overlap the process steps according to the invention not significantly disadvantageous and may even be desirable.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Weiterbildung des Verfahrens ist es, dass das zellulosehaltige Material als Mehl oder in Granulatform, insbesondere mit einem durchschnittlichen Korndurchmesser von bis zu 20mm dem Extrusionsverfahren. zugegeben wird, da hierdurch eine weitere Zerkleinerung durch das Extrusionsverfahren unterbleiben kann, jedoch erbringt das Verfahren auch dann eine gute Qualität, wenn die zellulosehaltigen Materialen unzerkleinert zugeführt werden.A inventive development of the method is that the cellulosic material as flour or in granular form, especially with an average Grain diameter of up to 20mm the extrusion process. added is, as a result of this further comminution by the extrusion process can be omitted, but the process also provides a good quality, when the cellulosic materials are fed undecomposed.

Wird das Kunststoffmaterial vor der Zugabe des zellulosehaltigen Materials dem Verfahren zugeführt, wird eine verbesserter Durchlauf mit geringerer Wandhaftung innerhalb der Extrusionszylinder erreicht, was zu einer geringeren erforderlichen Antriebsenergie führt.Becomes the plastic material prior to the addition of the cellulosic material fed to the process, will be an improved pass with less wall adhesion within the extrusion cylinder reaches, resulting in a lower required Drive energy leads.

Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist es, dass das Rohmaterial einen Anteil von 70 bis 95. Gewichtsprozent zellulosehaltigen Materials und einen Anteil von 30 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent Kunststoffmaterials aufweist, da das zellulosehaltige Material mit derartigem Gewichtsanteil generell zu Extrudaten mit zum Teil hervorragenden Materialeigenschaften wie Recycelbarkeit und Umweltverträglichkeit führt.A Development of the invention is that the raw material a share from 70 to 95% by weight of cellulosic material and a proportion from 30 to 5 weight percent plastic material, since the cellulosic material with such weight fraction generally to extrudates with sometimes excellent material properties how recyclability and environmental friendliness leads.

Der erfindungsgemäße Extruder erfordert nur einen Motor ein Getriebe und einen Antrieb und kann schon aus diesem Grund für die Anwendung äußerst kostengünstig hergestellt und vertrieben werden. Die Stirnwalze mit den umlaufenden Zahnradwalzen mischen und zerkleinern das Rohmaterial in bisher unbekannter Qualität, die in ihrer Homogenität bisher nicht erreicht wurde. Dabei können die Extruderwellen in einer erfindungsgemäßen Weiterbildung sogar einstückig mit der Stirnwalze verbunden werden, ohne irgendwelche verfahrenstechnischen Nachteile hervorzurufen. Zwischen der Extruderzylinderwand, den Planetenzahnrädern und der Stirnwalze wird das Rohmaterial zerrieben, jedoch ist zwischen der Stirnwalze und den Planetenzahnradwalzen immer ein Kraftschluss vorhanden. Im übrigen ist das Planetenwal zensystem einfach zu warten, da die einzelnen Planetenzahnradwalzen entweder axial herausziehbar oder nach Öffnen des entsprechenden Extruderzylinders entnehmbar sind.Of the extruder according to the invention only one engine requires a transmission and a drive and can for that reason alone the application produced extremely cheaply and distributed. The front roller with the rotating gear wheels mix and shred the raw material in previously unknown quality, which in their homogeneity has not been reached yet. In this case, the extruder shafts in a development of the invention even in one piece be connected to the front roller, without any procedural To cause disadvantages. Between the extruder cylinder wall, the Planetary gears and the front roller is the raw material grated, however, is between the front roller and the planetary gears always a traction available. Furthermore The planetary whale system is easy to maintain as the individual Planetenzahnradwalzen either axially withdrawn or after opening the corresponding extruder cylinder can be removed.

Ebenfalls vorteilhaft sind alle in den Unteransprüchen genannten Erfindungsmerkmale.Also advantageous are all mentioned in the dependent claims invention features.

Im folgenden wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäße Extruder beschrieben:in the The following will be based on an embodiment the extruder according to the invention described:

Es zeigt 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht des Extrudersystems.It shows 1 a schematic side view of the extruder system.

Das Extrudersystem 1 weist einen Extruder 2 auf, bestehend aus drei miteinander verbundenen Extruderzylindern 3, 4, 5 und einer in diesen zentral angeordneten Hauptschnecke 6 auf die aus abschnittsweise aus drei einstückig miteinander verbundenen Extruderwellen 7, 8, 9 besteht. Dabei besitzen. zwei Extruderwellen 7, 9 die Form einer Schneckenwelle mit Schneckengewinde 10. Die dritte Extruderwelle 8 in Form einer Stirnwalze ist eine Zahnradwalze. Die Hauptschnecke 6 wird mittels eines Motors 11 über ein Getriebe 12 und einen Antrieb 13 angetrieben und dreht sich im Betrieb mit etwa 15 Umdrehungen pro Minute. Über die zentral gelagerte Zahnradwalze werden schließlich noch sechs hier nicht gezeigte Planetenzahnradwalzen angetrieben, wobei diese das vom Materialeinlass 14 zum Materialauslass 15 von der Hauptschnecke 6 mittels der Schneckengewinde 10 und nicht gezeigter Walzenzähne transportierte Material durch die Planetenzahnräder gemischt und zerkleinert wird. Um jeden der Extruderzylinder 3, 4, 5 befindet sich ein nicht gezeigtes Heiz- und Kühlsystem, welches über die gesamte Länge des Extruders 2 in Heiz- und Kühleinrichtungen 16, 17, 18 angeordnet ist. Die Heiz- und Kühleinrichtungen 16, 17, 18 sind über Versorgungsleitungen 19 an einen Druckluftbehälter 20 und einen Gasbehälter 21 angeschlossen. Der Materialeinlass ist zweigeteilt in einen Kunststoffmaterialeinlass 22 und einen Zellulosematerialeinlass 23. Ebenfalls gezeigt sind noch Gasauslässe 24, 25 zur Abgabe von Wasserdampf und ein Wasserauslass 26, jeweils mit einem nicht gezeigten Ventil. Über eine Antriebseinrichtung in die neben dem Motor 11 dem Getriebe 12 und dem Antrieb noch eine Stromversorgungseinrichtung 27 integriert ist, werden über die Anschlüsse 28, 29, 30 Strom, Gas und Wasser angeschlossen und dem Extrudersystem zugeführt. Eine Steuerungseinrichtung 31 steuert die Gas-, Strom- und Wasserzufuhr zum Extruder 2, wobei die jeweiligen über hier nicht gezeigte Temperaturfühler übermittelten Temperaturen von einer Temperiervorrichtung 32 geregelt werden. Der Strom ist mit nur 250 Ampere abgesichert, das Wasser kann ohne Enthärtung mit einer Temperatur von 0 bis 20 Grad Celsius eingespeist werden. Die für die Heizung erforderliche Gasmenge, wobei insbesondere Propangas verwendet wird, ist etwa für eine Heiz leistung von 48 kW pro Stunde vorgesehen. Im übrigen ist der Extruder leicht zum Auslass 15 ansteigend angeordnet. Die Steigung beträgt etwa 3 Grad. Somit kann anfallendes Wasser mittels eines Entwässerungssystems aufgefangen und systemzentral über den Wasserauslass 26 ausgegeben werden. Durch die Extruderwelle 7 wird etwa ein Druck von 200 bar erzeugt, damit das Extrudat direkt in an den Auslass 15 angeschlossene Formen, z.B. für Fassadenprofile, Rohre, Griffe Schalungen etc. eingepresst werden und dort aushärten kann.The extruder system 1 has an extruder 2 on, consisting of three interconnected extruder cylinders 3 . 4 . 5 and a centrally located in this main screw 6 on the sections of three integrally connected extruder shafts 7 . 8th . 9 consists. Own. two extruder shafts 7 . 9 the shape of a worm shaft with worm thread 10 , The third extruder shaft 8th in the form of a face roll is a gear roll. The main snail 6 is by means of a motor 11 via a gearbox 12 and a drive 13 driven and turns in operation with about 15 Revolutions per minute. Finally, six planetary gearwheels (not shown here) are driven via the centrally mounted gearwheel roller, wherein these are the material inlet 14 to the material outlet 15 from the main snail 6 by means of the screw thread 10 and unillustrated roller teeth transported material is mixed and comminuted by the planetary gears. To each of the extruder cylinders 3 . 4 . 5 There is a heating and cooling system, not shown, which extends over the entire length of the extruder 2 in heating and cooling facilities 16 . 17 . 18 is arranged. The heating and cooling equipment 16 . 17 . 18 are via supply lines 19 to a compressed air tank 20 and a gas container 21 connected. The material inlet is divided into a plastic material inlet 22 and a cellulosic material inlet 23 , Also shown are gas outlets 24 . 25 for the delivery of water vapor and a water outlet 26 , each with a valve, not shown. About a drive device in the next to the engine 11 the transmission 12 and the drive still a power supply device 27 integrated, are via the connectors 28 . 29 . 30 Electricity, gas and water connected and fed to the extruder system. A control device 31 controls the gas, electricity and water supply to the extruder 2 , wherein the respective transmitted via not shown temperature sensor temperatures of a tempering device 32 be managed. The current is protected with only 250 amps, the water can be fed without softening at a temperature of 0 to 20 degrees Celsius. The amount of gas required for heating, in particular propane gas is used, is about a heating capacity of 48 kW per hour provided. Moreover, the extruder is easy to exit 15 arranged in ascending order. The slope is about 3 degrees. Thus, accumulating water can be collected by means of a drainage system and system centrally via the water outlet 26 be issued. Through the extruder shaft 7 For example, a pressure of 200 bar is generated to allow the extrudate directly into the outlet 15 connected forms, eg for facade profiles, pipes, handles formwork etc. can be pressed in and hardened there.

11
Extrusionssystemextrusion system
22
Extruderextruder
3, 4, 53, 4, 5
Extruderzylinderextruder barrel
66
Hauptschneckemain screw
7, 8, 97, 8, 9
Extruderwelleextruder shaft
1010
SchneckengewindeWorm
1111
Motorengine
1212
Getriebetransmission
1313
Antriebdrive
1414
Materialeinlassmaterial inlet
1515
Materialauslassmaterial outlet
16, 17, 1816 17, 18
Heiz- und Kühleinrichtungheating and cooling device
1919
Versorgungsleitungensupply lines
2020
DruckluftbehälterAir receiver
2121
Gasbehältergas tank
2222
KunststoffmaterialeinlassPlastic material inlet
2323
ZellulosematerialeinlassCellulosic material inlet
24, 2524 25
Gasauslassgas outlet
2626
Wasserauslasswater outlet
2727
StromversorgungseinrichtungPower supply means
28, 29, 3028 29, 30
Anschlussconnection
3131
Steuerungseinrichtungcontrol device
3232
Temperiervorrichtungtempering

Claims (17)

1) Extrusionsverfahren zum Bearbeiten von Rohmaterial, bestehend aus Kunststoffmaterial und zellulosehaltigem Material, in einem Extruder (2) in Form eines Planetwalzenextruders zu einem Extrudat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass folgende Verfahrensschritte während des Umlaufbetriebs einer Hauptschnecke (6) des Extruders, unter ständigem, geregeltem Zugeben oder Entzug von thermischer Energie über die gesamte Länge der Hauptschnecke (6), insbesondere durch die Verbrennung und Einleitung von Gas und/oder die Zugabe von Druckluft, durchlaufen werden: a) Einfüllen des Kunststoffmaterials und des zellulosehaltigen Rohmaterials, in eine Einfüllzone des Planetwalzenextruders, b) Homogenisieren durch Mischen und Verdichten des Rohmaterials durch die Hauptschnecke (b), c) Abführen des durch Erhitzen und/oder Verdichten des Rohmaterials angefallenen Gases, Wasserdampfs und/oder Wassers, d) Transportieren des Rohmaterials in eine Homogenisierungszone des. Extruders durch die Hauptschnecke (b), e) Mischen und Zerkleinern des Rohmaterials durch die Hauptschnecke (b) und umlaufende Planetenzahnradwalzen, f) Transportieren des Rohmaterials in eine Ausstoßzone des Planetwalzenextruders durch die Hauptschnecke (b), g) Abführen des durch Erhitzen und/oder Verdichten des Rohmaterials angefallenen Gases und/oder Wasserdampfs und Wassers, h) Verdichten des Materials durch einen Verdichtungsschneckenabschnitt der Hauptschnecke (b) und i) Transport des Extrudats aus dem Planetwalzenextruder durch die Hauptschnecke (b). 1 ) Extrusion method for processing raw material, consisting of plastic material and cellulosic material, in an extruder ( 2 ) in the form of a planetary roller extruder into an extrudate, characterized in that the following method steps during the circulation operation of a main screw ( 6 ) of the extruder, under continuous, controlled addition or removal of thermal energy over the entire length of the main screw ( 6 ), in particular by the combustion and introduction of gas and / or the addition of compressed air, are: a) filling the plastic material and the cellulosic raw material, in a filling zone of the planetary roller extruder, b) homogenizing by mixing and compacting the raw material by the main screw ( b), c) discharging the gas, water vapor and / or water incurred by heating and / or compressing the raw material, d) transporting the raw material into a homogenizing zone of the extruder through the main screw (b), e) mixing and crushing the raw material f) transporting the raw material into a discharge zone of the planetary roller extruder through the main screw (b); g) discharging the gas and / or water vapor and water incurred by heating and / or compressing the raw material; h) compressing the material through a compression screw section of the main screw (b) and i) transport of the extrudate from the planetary roller extruder through the main screw (b). Extrusionsverfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verfahrenschritte sich zeitlich zu einem Teil überlappen.Extrusion process according to claim 1, characterized in that that the process steps overlap in time to a part. Extrusionsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zellulosehaltige Material teilweise oder vollständig aus Holz, Holzreststoffen oder Pflanzenfasern, insbesondere Hanf, Jute, Sisal, Flachs, Bambus, Kokos, Heu, Stroh, Riesenchinaschilf oder Reisresten besteht.Extrusion process according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized that the cellulosic material is partially or completely made of wood, Wood residues or plant fibers, in particular hemp, jute, sisal, Flax, bamboo, coconut, hay, straw, giant chaffinch or rice remains consists. Extrusionsverfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zellulosehaltige Material als Mehl oder in Granulatform, insbesondere mit einem durchschnittlichen Korndurchmesser von bis zu 20mm dem Extrusionsverfahren zugegeben wird.Extrusion process according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cellulosic material as Flour or in granular form, especially with an average Grain diameter of up to 20mm added to the extrusion process becomes. Extrusionsverfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kunststoffmaterial teilweise oder vollständig aus Thermoplasten, insbesondere aus Polypropylen oder Polyethylen besteht.Extrusion process according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plastic material partially or completely from thermoplastics, in particular polypropylene or polyethylene consists. Extrusionsverfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kunststoffmaterial vor der Zugabe des zellulosehaltigen Materials in die Einfüllzone eingefüllt wird.Extrusion process according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plastic material before the addition of the cellulosic material is introduced into the filling zone. Extrusionsverfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Rohmaterial Additive, insbesondere vor dessen Einfüllen, zugegeben werden.Extrusion process according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the raw material additives, in particular before filling it, be added. Extrusionsverfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Additive Polymere sind.Extrusion process according to claim 7, characterized in that that the additives are polymers. Extrusionsverfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohmaterial einen Anteil von 70 bis 95 Gewichtsprozent zellulosehaltigen Materials und einen Anteil von 30 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent Kunststoffmaterials aufweist.Extrusion process according to claim 1, characterized in that that the raw material accounts for 70 to 95 percent by weight cellulose-containing material and a proportion of 30 to 5 weight percent Plastic material. Extruder (2) zum Bearbeiten von aus Kunststoffmaterial und zellulosehaltigem Material bestehendem Rohmaterial, aufweisend einen Motor (11), ein Getriebe (12), einen Antrieb (13), drei axial hintereinander angeordnete Extruderwellen (7, 8, 9) in jeweils einem Extruderzylinder (3, 4, 5), ein Heizsystem und ein Luftkühlsystem, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste und zweite Extruderwelle (7, 9) in Form einer Schneckenwelle kraft- und formschlüssig mit der dazwischengelagerten Extruderwelle (8) in Form Stirnwalze, insbesondere einer Zahnradwalze verbunden sind, um welche sich eine geraden Anzahl von gleich langen, parallel zu einer axialen Drehachse der Zahnradwalze angeordneten Planetenzahnradwalzen befindet.Extruder ( 2 ) for working raw material consisting of plastic material and cellulosic material, comprising a motor ( 11 ), a transmission ( 12 ), a drive ( 13 ), three axially successively arranged extruder shafts ( 7 . 8th . 9 ) in each case an extruder cylinder ( 3 . 4 . 5 ), a heating system and an air cooling system, characterized in that the first and second extruder shaft ( 7 . 9 ) in the form of a worm shaft with positive and positive locking with the interposed extruder shaft ( 8th ) in the form of front roller, in particular a gear roller are connected, around which there is an even number of equal length, arranged parallel to an axial axis of rotation of the gear roller planetary gear wheels. Extruder (2) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Extruderwellen (7, 8, 9) zu einer Hauptschnecke (6) verbunden sind. Extruder ( 2 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the extruder shafts ( 7 . 8th . 9 ) to a main screw ( 6 ) are connected. Extruder (2) nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Planetenzahnradwalzen mit der Zahnradwalze in kraftschlüssig in Eingriff bringbar sind und von der Zahnradwalze antreibbar sind.Extruder ( 2 ) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the Planetenenzahnradwalzen with the gear roller in frictionally engageable and are driven by the gear roller. Extruder (2) nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizsystem und/oder das Luftkühlsystem im wesentlichen über die gesamte Extruderlänge in und/oder an den Extruderzylindern angeordnet ist.Extruder ( 2 ) according to at least one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the heating system and / or the air cooling system is arranged substantially over the entire extruder length in and / or on the extruder cylinders. Extruder (2) nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizsystem mit entzündetem Gas betreibbar ist.Extruder ( 2 ) according to at least one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the heating system is operable with ignited gas. Extruder (2) nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Luftkühlsystem mit Druckluft betreibbar ist.Extruder ( 2 ) according to at least one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the air cooling system is operable with compressed air. Extruder (2) nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohmaterial dem Extruder (2) in axialer Richtung zuführbar und/oder als Extrudat entnehmbar ist.Extruder ( 2 ) according to at least one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the raw material is fed to the extruder ( 2 ) can be supplied in the axial direction and / or removed as an extrudate. Extruder (2) nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Planetenzahnradwalzen dem Extruder (2) nach einem Öffnen des Extruderzylinders entnehmbar sind.Extruder ( 2 ) according to at least one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the planetary gear wheels the extruder ( 2 ) can be removed after opening the extruder cylinder.
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