DE1019183B - Flight path recorder for the simultaneous display of blind landing approaches - Google Patents

Description

Flight recorder for the simultaneous display of blind landing approaches In the case of landings under bad weather conditions that take place until shortly before touchdown of the Aircraft do not offer the possibility of visual navigation on the runway, is the pilot for the approach, d. H. for the last 15 to 30 km Reaching the border of the airport, on the use of artificial means of navigation reliant. This applies to both horizontal and vertical navigation to. The approach to landing under blind flight conditions is particularly difficult for the pilot high requirements because the trajectory to be striven for in both coordinates is large Accuracy must be maintained; because only then is it ensured that the runway both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical within the permissible Deviation tolerances is achieved.

To the pilots deployed in practical flight operations flying blind and to instruct in navigation under blind flight conditions and later in constant To obtain exercise, flight training devices were developed which included instrumentation and correspond exactly to one aircraft in terms of control handling. The instruments react on the control operations in the same way as in the flying airplane, so that the trainee pilot sitting in the cabin of the training device is an absolute imitation a blind flight is conveyed.

To assess the student with regard to the navigation tasks set the flight path covered is automatically displayed next to it (in the horizontal projection) Plotted to scale on a map. Such flight training devices have become Well proven in practice and have been part of the pilot training for a long time.

The use of these flight training devices for carrying out landing approaches however, it has significant disadvantages. The image scale used allows a good assessment of the first part of the approach, in which in a larger one Distance from the airfield (15 to 30 km), for example, cornering maneuvers carried out that take up so much space that a larger image scale forbidden for reasons of space. For the last part of the approach, however, which one lateral deviations of 10 m are important, is the scale used completely inadequate for assessing the approach in the final phase. The difficulty lies in the fact that the required at the beginning of the approach to represent the Flight maneuvers required small scale is insufficient to achieve the necessary accuracy in the display of lateral deviations in the vicinity of the airport.

The complete absence of a Trajectory record of the altitude of the Approach, especially for the last, decisive ones Kilometers before reaching the runway, felt. Here you are to assess the approach on rough Estimate instructed. Recognizing these deficiencies, more recent flight exercise devices with additional flight path recorders armed, "-elche with continuous (from the flight movements independent) feed in the direction the approach plane is measured in degrees Ouer deviations of the aircraft from the approach record level. The registered lateral degrees deviations from the vertical approach plane speak of the display of the well-known blind landing facility ILS, which is available to the pilot within ± 2.5 ° maximum measuring range is the lateral deviation of his aircraft from the approach plane, based on the IL S transmitter set up behind the runway, indicates. The failure to comply with the prescribed Glide planes are also plotted in degrees of angle. drawn, here within a maximum measuring range of ± 0.7 °. This record corresponds transmitted to the pilot during the ILS approach th display of the glideslope transmitter, which is located on the Intersection of the glide slope with the runway, so at the height of the intended point of contact is located. This flight path recorder improves the assessment possibility of landing approaches during flight exercise equipment essential; because by the representation of the lateral deviations from the two approach planes in degrees is the actual lateral error shown in ever-increasing size as the point of attachment approaches. However, due to the angular deviation shown at constant paper feed, the model-accurate representation of the flight path is lost. A model-like reproduction of the trajectory is desirable, for. B. do retrospectively on the basis of the flight path recorder to check the course or the suitability of the runway at critical points of the flight path. When using the flight recorder for the laboratory examination of flight path computers, the model similarity of the written flight paths is essential.

The present invention relates to a flight path recorder for the separate recording of the horizontal and vertical trajectories, the, without to forego the advantages of the trajectory recorder described, the trajectory depicted similar to a model.

As already explained above, when depicting a blind approach the selected image scale for the beginning of the approach should be chosen so small that that the approach maneuver to the approach plane depends on the available paper width can be included. As you get closer to the runway, be the occurring deviations of the aircraft from the approach plane are becoming smaller and smaller, so that the flight path using the same paper width as a basis in a growing Scale can be mapped. Keeping this in mind works the present flight path recorder does not have a constant image scale, but with a variable scale, which is particularly important with approaching the runway steadily growing.

The flight path recorder for displaying the vertical flight path basically works according to the same procedure as the horizontal flight path recorder. They only differ in the choice of the scale sizes used. the Operation of the flight path recorder for the horizontal approach shown below therefore also applies accordingly to the structure of the vertical flight path recorder.

In Fig. 1, the horizontal projection of a landing approach is shown schematically. AE represents the approach plane, LB the runway, FS the current aircraft location and FB the flight path. BP is a reference point located in the approach plane, from which the distance E of the aircraft FS projected onto the approach plane AE is measured. AP is the landing point of the aircraft on the runway at which the approach has ended. Eo is the distance of the contact point from the reference point BP and J E = E-Eo the distance between the start of the approach and the end of the approach.

The flight path is recorded by a writing carriage that moves independently over the paper. Its speed is T- "' = h. M, (1) where hm is the model speed, L' is the airspeed and 31 is the current (variable) image scale.

The imaging scale 31 should increase as the aircraft approaches the reference point BP. This is expressed in the equation E -J 'V = C. (2) where C is an immutable constant whose dimension is length. If approach routes J E = E-Eo and the desired mapping criteria JIe and HO for the start and end of the approach are specified, the position of the reference point BP can be determined from these values by inserting them into equations (1) and (2).

E; for the distance F_,: If the desired model relationships are determined in the manner E, then the model speed required to fulfill these model relationships can be calculated for each approach distance according to the equation determine. For the device-based implementation of the flight path recorder, it would be easily possible to have the flight path recorded on a flat surface by a writing carriage, the direction of travel of which is kept in agreement with the direction of flight of the flight training device. Its propulsion speed 1 ° "t would have to be changed continuously according to equation (-1). The recorded trajectory would essentially run along the approach plane, i.e. the approach record would have a much greater extent than in the direction of the approach plane (main approach direction) It therefore seems more useful to record the flight path on a paper web running over a drum in the main direction of approach.

The direction of movement of the writing wheel is thereby divided into two components disassembled, namely parallel and transverse to the approach plane. The much bigger movements in the direction of the approach plane cause the paper to run over the drum while the minor deviations from the lateral movements of the writing carriage along one -Create surface line of the drum. The embodiment described in more detail below is based on this principle.

The device is shown schematically in Fig. 2 in front view and in Fig. 3 shown in side view. The paper wound on a supply drum 1 runs over a drum 2. The drive wheel 3 of the writing carriage rests on the drum 2 5 and records the flight path 4 on the running paper. The writing carriage 5 is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis 6 in a boom 7 and rests with it its own weight on the drum t. The boom 7 is supported by a guide rail 8, which is arranged parallel to the axis of the drum 2, guided so that the writing carriage 5 can only perform movements parallel to the axis of the drum. An angular remote transmission device 9 transmits the course on the flight control device to the writing carriage, see above that the direction of travel of the drive wheel 3 is always finite that maintained by the pilot Direction of flight coincides. With 15 are the leading to the angular remote transmitter Lines designated.

The drive of the impeller 3, which in turn drives the paper and drum 2 and thereby records the flight path, takes place via a suitable transmission by a special motor 10, the speed of which is proportional to the applied voltage in a wide range. It receives its voltage via a voltage divider 11. The position of the movable wiper 12 on the voltage divider is determined by a cam disk 13, which is preferably provided to be exchangeable. The cam 13 is driven by the drum t via a gear. A fixed position of the cam disk 13 is thus assigned to each approach distance E. The shape of the cam can easily be designed so that the grinder 12 taps off the voltage required for the motor 10 at the voltage divider 11 for each approach distance E. For fixed model relationships, the equation easily fulfilled by the cam, since E is known as the only variable due to the position of the cam. A prerequisite, however, is that the approach is based on an unchangeable airspeed L °.

The voltage required for the motor 10 could, however, also be passed through determine a computer, which the value hm taken from the flight training device The approach distance and the also registered airspeed are calculated. In this case, an airspeed which can be changed at will during the approach could also be used h must be taken into account. In Fig. 2, the line 14 represents the projection of the approach plane and is drawn on the paper as a longitudinal line parallel to the edge of the paper. The basic course of the approach plane must therefore coincide with this direction. For this Basically, the housing of the angular remote transmitter 9 is rotatably arranged on the boom 7. Before the start of the approach, he must follow the familiar basic course on the basis of a setting scale the approach plane. This ensures that the drive wheel 3 is then moved parallel to the edge of the paper when the flight training device is on the course of the Approach plane lies.

The flight path recorder for recording the course of the altitude corresponds to in all parts that described for the recording of the horizontal flight path. In this case, the angular remote transmitter transmits analogously instead of the course the inclination of the aircraft. The one to be set on the housing of the angular remote transmitter Angle corresponds to the inclination of the glide path to the horizontal. The ones to be set Scale ratios are of course independent of the scale setting of the horizontal recorder and others can be more suitable for recording the altitude profile of the approach Values are coordinated.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Flight route recorder for simultaneous display of blind landing approaches, in particular for use in flight training devices and for laboratory examinations by drawing the trajectory in a horizontal or vertical projection plane, characterized in that the speed scale of the flight path recorder is variable. 2. flight path recorder according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the value of the scale change is determined by a cam which is inevitably linked to the paper flow. 3. Flight path recorder after Claim 1, characterized in that the value of the scale change outside of the flight path recorder and the flight path recorder as voltage for the drive motor a writing wheel is fed. 4. flight path recorder according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the speed scale of the flight path recorder is proportional to the value is changed, where E is the distance of the aircraft projected on the approach plane from an arbitrarily selectable reference point lying in the approach plane and C is a scale constant.