DE10161885B4 - Cleaning products based on oily microemulsions - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to cleaning products and processes for their preparation based on oily microemulsions which are aesthetically and also foamable and which can be used as shower gels, shampoos, cleansing preparations, hand washing products, bath preparations, make-up remover or shaving products. The products may be low viscous or gelatinous, light or high foaming and / or used as antibacterial rinse-off formulations. The cleansing products are very mild to the skin and aesthetically transparent. The microemulsions can serve as a soaking medium for wipes, fabrics that are wet or dry applied by the consumer. Furthermore, the microemulsions can be applied from a pumpfoamer.

Description

The present invention relates to cleaning products based on oily microemulsions and the process for their preparation which are nevertheless aesthetic and which can be used as shower gels, shampoos, cleansing preparations, hand washing products, bath preparations, make-up remover or shaving products. The products may be low viscous or gelatinous, light or high foaming and / or used as antibacterial rinse-off formulations. The cleansing products are very gentle to the skin and aesthetically pleasing. The microemulsions can serve as a soaking medium for cloths, fabrics that are applied wet or dry by the consumer or are also applied from a Pumpfoamer.

The cosmetic treatment of the skin and hair also includes their cleaning. Cleansing means removing unwanted dirt, eliminating germs of all kinds and increasing mental and physical well-being. For the cleaning are primarily surfactant-containing preparations in question.

Surfactants are amphiphilic substances that can dissolve organic, nonpolar substances in water. Due to their specific molecular structure with at least one hydrophilic and one hydrophobic part of the molecule, they provide for a lowering of the surface tension of the water, the wetting of the skin, the facilitation of dirt removal and dissolution, a gentle rinsing and - as desired - for foam regulation.

• • anionische Tenside,
• • kationische Tenside,
• • amphotere Tenside und
• • nichtionische Tenside.

The hydrophilic portions of a surfactant molecule are usually polar functional groups, for example -COO ^- , -OSO3 ^2- , -SO ₃ ^- , while the hydrophobic parts are usually nonpolar hydrocarbon radicals. Surfactants are generally classified according to the nature and charge of the hydrophilic part of the molecule. Here four groups can be distinguished:

• Anionic surfactants,
• Cationic surfactants,
• • amphoteric surfactants and
• • nonionic surfactants.

Anionic surfactants generally have carboxylate, sulfate or sulfonate groups as functional groups. In aqueous solution, they form negatively charged organic ions in an acidic or neutral medium. Cationic surfactants are almost exclusively characterized by the presence of a quaternary ammonium group. In aqueous solution they form positively charged organic ions in an acidic or neutral environment. Amphoteric surfactants contain both anionic and cationic groups and behave accordingly in aqueous solution depending on the pH as anionic or cationic surfactants. They have a positive charge in a strongly acidic environment and a negative charge in an alkaline environment. In the neutral pH range, however, they are zwitterionic, as the following example is intended to illustrate: RNH ₂ ⁺ CH ₂ CH ₂ COOHX ^- (at pH = 2) X ^- = any anion, e.g. B. Cl ^- RNH ₂ ⁺ CH ₂ CH ₂ COO ^- (at pH = 7) RNHCH ₂ CH ₂ COO ^- B ⁺ (at pH = 12) B ⁺ = any cation, e.g. Na ⁺

Typical of non-ionic surfactants are polyether chains. Nonionic surfactants do not form ions in an aqueous medium.

Common manifestations of cosmetic or dermatological preparations and cleansing products are finely dispersed multiphase systems in which one or more fat or oil phases are present adjacent to one or more water phases. Of these systems, in turn, the actual emulsions are the most prevalent.

In simple emulsions, finely dispersed droplets of the second phase enclosed by an emulsifier shell (water droplets in W / O or Li-pidvesicles in O / W emulsions) are present in one phase. The droplet diameters of the usual emulsions are in the range of about 1 .mu.m to about 50 .mu.m. Such "macroemulsions" are, without further coloring additives, milky white colored and opaque. Finer "macroemulsions" whose droplet diameters are in the range of about 4 × 10 ^-1 μm to about 1 μm are bluish white in color and opaque, again without coloring additives.

Micellar and molecular solutions with particle diameters less than about 10 ^-2 μm are reserved to appear clear and transparent.

By contrast, the droplet diameter of transparent or translucent microemulsions is in the range from about 10 ^-2 μm to about 4 × 10 ^-1 μm. Such microemulsions are usually of low viscosity. The viscosity of many O / W type microemulsions is comparable to that of water.

The advantage of microemulsions is that in the disperse phase active ingredients may be more finely dispersed than in the disperse phase of "macroemulsions". Another advantage is that they are sprayable due to their low viscosity. A disadvantage of the microemulsions of the prior art is that always a high content of one or more emulsifiers must be used, since the small droplet size causes a high interface between the phases, which usually has to be stabilized by emulsifiers.

In itself, the use of the usual cosmetic emulsifiers harmless. Nevertheless, emulsifiers, such as any chemical substance, may in individual cases cause allergic or hypersensitivity reactions of the user.

Microemulsions based on anionic surfactants are known. In EP 0529883 Preparations are described which contain a cationic deposition polymer in addition to lauryl ether sulfate and betaine. The disadvantage is that on the one hand only silicone oils can be used and on the other hand, the proportion of oil is only 1 wt .-%, in contrast to 18 wt .-% of surfactants. The emulsification of more oil components while maintaining transparency is not realized.

Transparent systems are obtained when water is no longer used in O / W microemulsions. However, these systems are not to be considered as O / W microemulsions, but as pure oil bases, oil baths, as in DE 19712678 described.

Another problem with the provision of microemulsions with anionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactants is that the oil components are very difficult to use, since the surfactants are often too water-soluble and therefore have little emulsifying properties. Furthermore, the surfactants usually contain salts which have a great influence on the emulsifying power. Furthermore, surfactant blends often have to be adjusted to pH values between 5 and 7 only with acids such as citric acid, which likewise leads to a change in the interfacial properties and thus often complicates the incorporation of oil components while maintaining the transparency. The prior art lacks a manufacturing specification of oily yet transparent microemulsions that are mild to the skin as cleansing products.

In DE 3534733 Microemulsions are described, but the proportion of solubilized oil components in the range of 0.5 to 3 wt .-% is low. The problem of incorporating larger amounts of oil is also in WO 99/48473 clearly, here the incorporation of only 0.5-1 wt .-% oil is given.

In WO 0047166 microemulsions based on MIPA laureth sulfate are described. The cosurfactants used in the examples are laureth-9, myreth-9, sodium laureth-10-carboxylic acid, ethoxylated castor oil and cocamidopropylbetaine. It can be seen from the examples that the ratio of surfactants to solubilized oil is very large. This disadvantage of the surfactant mixture allows a maximum of 5 wt .-% oil to be solubilized. Another problem that often results in the precipitation of the corresponding surfactant mixture due to the electrostatic attraction of both substances in the combination of cationic substances with anionic surfactants is in WO 0047166 not mentioned.

In EP 668754 describes transparent formulations containing anionic surfactants, 3-15% by weight of oil, a polar nonionic emulsifier (HLB 5-10) and 1-5% by weight of an ethoxylated monoglyceride ether. The disadvantage is that only lauryl ether sulfate can be used, the formulas can not be adjusted as low viscosity as water and a special polar emulsifier (Rewoderm LIS 75) is required.

In DE 4411557 Microemulsions containing 8% by weight of oil are described. In addition to lauryl ether sulfate, only low-ethoxylated W / O emulsifiers (ceteth-5, oleth-5) are used as surfactants. The disadvantage is that the mixtures foam little and contain no conditioning agents. It is also known that foams consisting only of the anionic surfactant lauryl ether sulfate give a flash foam, but this quickly becomes unstable. The stability can be achieved by cosurfactants such as betaine, glutamate, sarcosinate or amphoacetate, however, in DE 4411557 is not considered advantageous. Likewise, the surfactant systems typically used for rinse-off products are not described.

In DE 19755488 Microemulsions are described which either contain very little water or very much water. In the latter case, however, the microemulsions are characterized by a very high polyol content of 12-30% by weight. The said oil phase consists of glyceryl oleate or cetyl alcohol, so that in the cosmetic sense it is therefore rather W / O emulsifiers and bodying agents. Specifically, the microemulsion described consists of anionic surfactants such as lauryl ether sulfate, cocoglyceride and said W / O emulsifiers. As a true oil component only cetyl laurate (hexyldecanol laurate) is to be considered in a proportion of 2.2 wt .-%. The solubilization of larger amounts of oil is also obviously difficult here, since a total of 33.2 wt .-% of surfactants and W / O emulsifiers are required to disperse about 2 wt .-% oil clearly. A further disadvantage is the high content of hexanediol of 12% by weight and short-chain glycerol esters such as glyceryl caprylate of 12-15% by weight, since these substances are skin irritating in the concentrations listed.

An important point to keep in mind when developing cleaning products is their skin compatibility. In the microemulsions described above, no information on their skin compatibility can be found in comparison to corresponding oil-free Tensidabmischungen or oily emulsion products that have been prepared with anionic surfactants. The choice of surfactants and the sometimes quite high use concentration of the surfactants seems to be responsible for this.

Object of the present invention is to provide oily cleaning products that do not have the disadvantages of the known cleaning products. A further object of the present invention is to enrich the state of the art and to provide cleaning products and their production processes which have a relatively high proportion of oil and yet are aesthetically pleasing to the skin.

A further object of the present invention is to provide oily cleaning products which can be applied to the skin in a sensibly pleasant manner, distributed and washed off, the skin-care oil phase remaining on the skin.

Furthermore, it is the problem of cleaning products to solve that have a relatively high proportion of oil but do not foam.

The stated objects are achieved by a process for the preparation of microemulsions as cleaning preparations and the cleaning preparations according to the main claims. The subject of the dependent claims are advantageous embodiments of the preparations according to the invention. Furthermore, the invention comprises the use of such preparations.

• a) einem Primärtensid,
• b) einem oder mehrerer Cotenside,
• c) einem oder mehreren W/O-Emulgatoren,
• d) einer oder mehreren flüssig und/oder fester Ölphasen,
• e) gegebenenfalls einem Verdicker und
• f) der Zugabe von bis zu 4 Gew.-% Salzen

erhalten werden, wobei der Gesamttensidgehalt im Bereich von 1 bis 30 Gew.-% und das Primär-/Cotensid-Verhältnis im Bereich von 14:1 bis 1:14 eingestellt wird und transparente Emulsionen erhalten werden. Die entsprechenden Mikroemulsionen helfen den Nachteilen des Standes der Technik ab.It was surprising and not foreseeable for the skilled person that oily microemulsions, which can be used as cleaning products, by the combination of

• a) a primary surfactant,
• b) one or more cosurfactants,
• c) one or more W / O emulsifiers,
• d) one or more liquid and / or solid oil phases,
• e) optionally a thickener and
• f) the addition of up to 4 wt .-% salts

to obtain the total surfactant content in the range of 1 to 30% by weight and the primary / cosurfactant ratio in the range of 14: 1 to 1:14 and transparent emulsions are obtained. The corresponding microemulsions help to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

In solving the problems, the multifactorial dependence in the preparation of oily and possibly foaming microemulsions must be considered. Thus, the factors, the type of oil phase used, the amount of oil, the pH, the salt content and the primary / cosurfactant ratio, have an influence on the transparency of the microemulsion. The factors of pH value, salt content, thickening amount, W / O emulsifiers and primary / cosurfactant ratio in turn influence the viscosity of the microemulsion. Nevertheless, surprisingly, at a constant total surfactant content, a microemulsion results at a variable primary / cosurfactant ratio.

It has proved to be advantageous that the primary surfactant, laureth sulfate or lauryl sulfate, and the cosurfactant, for example, betaines, amphoacetate, glutamate or sarcosinate, with the same total surfactant content of z. B. 15 wt .-%, can be changed so that further microemulsions result. Variable primary / cosurfactant ratios of 14: 1, 13: 2, 11: 4, 9: 6, etc. can be set and, in each case, microemulsions are obtained.

Formulations which have such a flexibility with respect to the choice of surfactant are advantageous because the foaming power as well as the compatibility of the respective formulation depend strongly on it.

Although these relationships have been known in oil-free Tensidabmischungen but not yet been found in the oil-containing compositions. Since microemulsions are extremely sensitive to such variations, since the interfacial properties then change greatly, an existing deficiency disclosed in the above-described microemulsions has been overcome by the present invention.

Especially the foaming is advantageous because the consumer associates a cleaning performance. In general, oil-free formulations foam particularly well if the surfactant / cotenside content or the surfactant ratio are selected accordingly. An advantage of formulations according to the invention is that they also foam in the presence of oil.

In the case of the microemulsions according to the invention, the variation in the relative proportions of surfactants to one another is not determined to a particular oil component. Thus, active substances of different hydrophilicity / lipophilicity can be used more easily since the oil phase can be chosen flexibly. Furthermore, when using larger concentrations of oils and lipids, these themselves adhere better to the skin or the hair, so that such products have a greater care potential. The use of larger concentrations of oil phase also allows for the attachment of lipophilic, hydrophilic or surface-active agents, as by the remaining lipid film on the skin after showering, bathing, cleansing the face, washing hands, at the make-up removal or after shaving that the washability of these substances compared to microemulsions with small oil phase or compared to oil-free Tensidabmischungen is difficult.

The use of larger concentrations of oil components with a protective lipid film is advantageous because the attachment of surfactants to a rinse-often process is often problematic. This adhesion can lead to intolerance to contact dermatitis with frequent use of surfactant-containing products. This disadvantage does not occur in preparations according to the invention because lipid deposition takes place on the skin.

Another advantage of the microemulsions according to the invention is to formulate low-viscosity microemulsions with the advantages described above as well as microemulsion gels. For example, for a bath additive, a low-viscosity microemulsion may be advantageous, while for a shower product a gel-like consistency is more favorable since the product is then present in a larger amount when distributed in the palm of the hand.

Amazing and particularly advantageous is that inventive oil-containing formulations are much milder than oil-free compositions. Although a general theory is lacking, it is believed that the surfactants preferentially bind to the nanodroplets so that the free monomer content is very low. The free monomer content is responsible for corresponding intolerance reactions of the known cleaning products. When using the microemulsion according to the invention, a lipid film is formed, which is more protective compared to low-oil compositions or compared to oil-free formulations. Therefore, the microemulsions are moisturizing, so that more frequent applications to a lesser extent or not at all to the stratum corneum outlays lipids, proteins or natural moisturizing factors. This effect is surprisingly observed only for the inventive oil-containing microemulsions.

For use as a cleaning product, this is associated with a further significant advantage, since a pleasant, noticeable lipid film remains on the skin after application, which naturally lacks lipid-poor or lipid-free formulations. This is interesting for those consumers who, for example, do not add cream after showering.

It was also surprising that the incorporation of lipid-soluble or amphiphilic drugs can be easier compared to formulations with low oil phase or compared to oil-free Tensidabmischungen. Furthermore, simultaneously or alone, hydrophilic active ingredients can be advantageously used.

The adhesion of the active ingredients on the skin / hair is facilitated after a rinse-off process.

Furthermore, the microemulsions according to the invention can be used very well as impregnation medium for cloths and fabrics, which can be applied wet or dry by the consumer. The compositions with the ultrafine droplets attract easily to the fiber, which is an advantage. Furthermore, the soaked products can also lead to a foam when applied with water on the skin.

The addition of a lipophilic coemulsifier, such as glycerol esters, propylene glycol esters, sorbitan low ethoyl. Glycerides, diglycerides or triglycerides are advantageous because this can lower the interfacial tension more. The lack of suitable co-emulsifiers in known formulations is explained by the fact that frequently in the presence of oil only unstable formulations result in the presence of the surfactants or else only simple emulsions can be obtained. This disadvantage is encountered according to the invention.

The influence of the salt content is poorly appreciated in microemulsions of the prior art. This is despite the fact that salinity is important for the successful production of cosmetic cleansing products. The surfactants often contain salts due to the manufacturing process. Frequently, the viscosity is changed from low-viscous to gel-like in oil-free market formulations based on surfactant by the additional use of common salt. This high salt content can complicate the successful production of microemulsions. The microemulsions according to the invention advantageously make it possible to adjust the additionally added salt content to 4% by weight, provided that the surfactants are not salt-free. For microemulsions to be prepared from salt-free surfactants, the salt content would need to be adjusted between 0 to 4% by weight plus the content of salts present in the salt-containing surfactants.

Further, the microemulsions of the prior art do not target the importance of the pH for the transparency of the mixtures. For example, it is advantageous to adjust the pH to 5.5 by citric acid or other acids. However, the addition of acids alters the interfacial properties of the surfactants such that a pH 8 microemulsion may become white or unstable by the addition of acid at pH 5.5. In microemulsions or microemulsion gels according to the invention, it is possible to obtain microemulsions by the relative ratios of surfactants / cosurfactants and W / O emulsifiers or by varying the salt content, irrespective of the pH, which is not possible in formulations of the prior art.

It was also astonishing that in addition to lauryl ether sulfate or lauryl sulfate as primary surfactants a variety of milder cosurfactants can be used. Advantageously, the surfactants can be selected from:

A. anionic surfactants

• 1. Acylglutamate, beispielsweise Dinatriumacylglutamat, Natriumacylglutamat und Natrium Caprylic/Capric Glutamat,
• 2. Acylpeptide, beispielsweise Palmitoyl-hydrolysiertes Milchprotein, Natrium Cocoyl-hydrolysiertes Soja Protein und Natrium-/Kalium-Cocoyl-hydrolysiertes Kollagen, N-Cocoyl hydrolysiertes Weizenprotein, N-Cocoyl hydrolysierte Aminosäuren
• 3. Sarcosinate, beispielsweise Myristoyl Sarcosin, TEA-lauroyl Sarcosinat, Natriumlauroylsarcosinat und Natriumcocoylsarkosinat,
• 4. Taurate, beispielsweise Natriumlauroyltaurat und Natriummethylcocoyltaurat,
• 5. Acyllactylate, beispielsweise Lauroyllactylat, Caproyllactylat
• 6. Alaninate
• 7. Arginate, beispielsweise N-Lauroyl Arginat
• 8. Valinate, beispielsweise N-Lauroyl Valinat
• 9. Prolinate, beispielsweise N-Lauroyl Prolinat
• 10. Glycinat, beispielsweise N-Lauroyl Glycinat, Cocoamphopolycarboxyglycinat
• 11. Aspartate, beispielsweise N-Lauroyl Aspartate, Di-TEA-palmitoylaspartat
• 12. Propionate, beispielsweise Natrium Cocoamphopropionat

Acylamino acids and their salts, such as

• 1. acylglutamates, for example disodium acylglutamate, sodium acylglutamate and sodium caprylic / capric glutamate,
• 2. Acyl peptides, for example, palmitoyl-hydrolyzed milk protein, sodium cocoyl-hydrolyzed soy protein and sodium / potassium cocoyl-hydrolyzed collagen, N-cocoyl-hydrolyzed wheat protein, N-cocoyl-hydrolyzed amino acids
• 3. sarcosinates, for example myristoyl sarcosine, TEA lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate and sodium cocoyl sarcosinate,
• 4. taurates, for example sodium lauroyl taurate and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate,
• 5. Acyl lactylates, for example, lauroyl lactylate, caproyl lactylate
• 6. Alaninates
• 7. Arginates, for example N-lauroyl arginate
• 8. Valinates, for example N-lauroyl valinate
• 9. Prolineates, for example N-lauroyl prolinate
• 10. Glycinate, for example N-lauroyl glycinate, cocoamphopolycarboxyglycinate
• 11. Aspartates, for example N-lauroyl aspartates, di-TEA-palmitoyl aspartate
• 12. Propionates, for example sodium cocoamphopropionate

• 1. Carbonsäuren, beispielsweise Laurinsäure, Aluminiumstearat, Magnesiumalkanolat und Zinkundecylenat,
• 2. Ester-Carbonsäuren, beispielsweise Calciumstearoyllactylat, Laureth-6-Citrat und Natrium PEG-4-Lauramidcarboxylat,
• 3. Ether-Carbonsäuren, beispielsweise Natriumlaureth-13-Carboxylat und Natrium PEG-6-Cocamide Carboxylat,
• 4. Natrium PEG-7 Olivenöl Carboxylat

Carboxylic acids and derivatives, such as

• 1. carboxylic acids, for example lauric acid, aluminum stearate, magnesium alkoxide and zinc undecylenate,
• 2. Ester carboxylic acids, for example calcium stearoyl lactylate, laureth-6-citrate and sodium PEG-4-lauramide carboxylate,
• 3. Ether carboxylic acids, for example sodium laureth-13-carboxylate and sodium PEG-6-cocamide carboxylate,
• 4. Sodium PEG-7 Olive Oil Carboxylate

• 1. Acyl-isethionate, z. B. Natrium-/Ammoniumcocoyl-isethionat
• 2. Alkylarylsulfonate,
• 3. Alkylsulfonate, beispielsweise Natriumcocosmonoglyceridsulfat, Natrium C_12-14 Olefin-sulfonat, Natriumlaurylsulfoacetat und Magnesium PEG-3 Cocamidsulfat
• 4. Sulfosuccinate, beispielsweise Dioctylnatriumsulfosuccinat, Dinatriumlaurethsulfosuccinat, Dinatriumlaurylsulfosuccinat und Dinatriumundecylenamido-MEA-Sulfosuccinat

sowie Schwefelsäureester, wie

• 1. Alkylethersulfat, beispielsweise Natrium-, Ammonium-, Magnesium-, MIPA-, TIPA-Laurethsulfat, Natriummyrethsulfat und Natrium C_12-13-Parethsulfat,
• 2. Alkylsulfate, beispielsweise Natrium-, Ammonium- und TEA-Laurylsulfat.
• 3. Natriumalkylsulfate wie Natriumcetearylsulfat

Phosphoric acid esters and salts, such as DEA-oleth-10-phosphate and dilaureth-4 phosphate, sulfonic acids and salts, such as

• 1. Acyl-isethionates, z. B. sodium / ammonium cocoyl isethionate
• 2. alkylaryl sulphonates,
• 3. Alkyl sulfonates, for example sodium coconut monoglyceride sulfate, sodium C _12-14 olefin sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and magnesium PEG-3 cocamide sulfate
• 4. Sulfosuccinates, for example dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate and disodium undecylenamido MEA sulfosuccinate

and sulfuric acid esters, such as

• 1. alkyl ether sulfate, for example sodium, ammonium, magnesium, MIPA, TIPA laureth sulfate, sodium myreth sulfate and sodium C _12-13 pareth sulfate,
• 2. Alkyl sulfates, for example sodium, ammonium and TEA lauryl sulfate.
• 3. Sodium alkyl sulfates such as sodium cetearyl sulfate

B. Cationic surfactants

• 1. Alkylamine,
• 2. Alkylimidazole,
• 3. Ethoxylierte Amine und
• 4. Quaternäre Tenside.
• 5. Esterquats

Advantageously to use cationic surfactants

• 1. alkylamines,
• 2. alkylimidazoles,
• 3. Ethoxylated amines and
• 4. Quaternary surfactants.
• 5. Esterquats

Quaternary surfactants contain at least one N atom covalently bonded to 4 alkyl and / or aryl groups. This results in a positive charge regardless of the pH. Advantageous quaternary surfactants are alkyl betaine, alkyl amidopropyl betaine and alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysulfine. Cationic surfactants may also be selected for the purposes of the present invention preferably from the group of quaternary ammonium compounds, in particular Benzyltrialkylammoniumchloride or bromides such as Benzyldimethylstearylammoniumchlorid, also Alkyltrialkylammoniumsalze, for example cetyltrimethylammonium chloride or bromide, Alkyldimethylhydroxyethylammoniumchloride or bromides, Dialkyldimethylammoniumchloride or bromides, Dialkylethoxylatdimethylammoniumchloride or bromides such as di (C14-C18) alkyl (EO) 3-20 dimethyl ammonium salts or distearyl (EO) 5-dimethyl ammonium chloride and distearyl (EO) 15 dimethyl ammonium chloride.

Alkylamidethyltrimethylammonium ether sulfates, alkylpyridinium salts, for example lauryl or cetylpyrimidinium chloride, imidazoline derivatives and compounds having a cationic character, such as amine oxides, for example alkyldimethylamine oxides or alkylaminoethyldimethylamine oxides. Cetyltrimethylammonium salts are particularly advantageous to use.

C. Amphoteric surfactants

• 1. Acyl-/dialkylethylendiamin, beispielsweise Natriumacylamphoacetat, Dinatriumacylamphodipropionat, Dinatriumalkylamphodiacetat, Natriumacylamphohydroxypropylsulfonat, Dinatriumacylamphodiacetat und Natriumacylamphopropionat,
• 2. N-Alkylaminosäuren, beispielsweise Aminopropylalkylglutamid, Alkylaminopropionsäure, Natriumalkylimidodipropionat und Lauroamphocarboxyglycinat.

Advantageously used amphoteric surfactants

• 1. acyl / dialkylethylenediamine, for example sodium acylamphoacetate, disodium acylamphodipropionate, disodium alkylamphodiacetate, sodium acylamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, disodium acylamphodiacetate and sodium acylamphopropionate,
• 2. N-alkylamino acids, for example aminopropylalkylglutamide, alkylaminopropionic acid, sodium alkylimidodipropionate and lauroamphocarboxyglycinate.

The total surfactant content, consisting of primary surfactant and cosurfactant is in the range of 1 to 30 wt .-%. The total surfactant content is preferably 25% by weight and the primary / cosurfactant ratio is set in the range from 14: 1 to 1:14.

The droplets of the discontinuous oil phase can be connected to one another by one or more crosslinking substances, so-called thickeners. The crosslinking structure is characterized by at least one hydrophilic region which has an extent suitable for bridging the distance between the microemulsion droplets and at least one hydrophobic region which is capable of hydrophobic interaction with the microemulsion droplets.

In WO 9628132 the backbone of a water-soluble or water-dispersible thickener is shown, wherein the branching sites are covalently bonded to the polymer-bonded hydrophobic groups. The hydrophobic groups can be attached to each other by hydrophobic interaction. At the crosslinking sites, microemulsion droplets can also attach by hydrophobic interactions. It is probably irrelevant in principle whether the hydrophobic radicals "dip" or whether the hydrophobic radicals only superficially contact the microemulsion droplets and adhere more or less strongly to the microemulsion droplets.

It is equally advantageous if the crosslinking substance, also referred to as thickener in the present description, forms an independent gel network, in which the microemulsion droplets are then retained by hydrophobic interaction (so-called associative thickeners are present) or if the cohesion of the network caused by the cross-linking with the microemulsion droplets in the nodes of the network.

wobei B einen hydrophilen Bereich des jeweiligen Vernetzermoleküls symbolisiert und A jeweils hydrophobe Bereiche, welche auch innerhalb eines Moleküls unterschiedlicher chemischer Natur sein mögen.The crosslinker substances used according to the invention generally follow structural schemes as follows:

wherein B symbolizes a hydrophilic region of the respective crosslinker molecule and A respectively hydrophobic regions, which may also be within a molecule of different chemical nature.

und analog gebildete, noch komplexere Strukturen fallen durchaus in den Rahmen der hiermit vorgelegten Erfindung.But also structural schemes like

and analogously formed, even more complex structures are well within the scope of the present invention.

wobei Z dabei eine Zentraleinheit darstellt, welche hydrophil oder hydrophob sein kann und in der Regel aus einem oligo- oder polyfunktionellen Molekülrest besteht.Also within the scope of the invention presented herein are structural schemes as follows:

where Z represents a central unit, which may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic and usually consists of an oligo- or polyfunctional molecular residue.

Of course, thickeners with a higher degree of branching fall within the scope of the present invention.

For example, in Scheme (10), Z may consist of a glyceryl radical whose three OH functions change into regions B, which in turn may represent, for example, polyoxyethylene chains of equal or unequal length, and whose terminal OH group is esterified with a relatively long-chain fatty acid. Also, partial substitution of glycerol is conceivable, whereby structures can arise, which correspond to Scheme (9).

Advantageously, the hydrophilic groups B can be chosen so that the crosslinker is water-soluble in total or at least dispersible in water, in which case the hydrophobic portion of the groups A should be overcompensated.

wobei R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ und R₆ unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, cyclische oder kettenförmige aliphatische, aromatische oder heteroaromatische Reste darstellen können, beispielsweise verzweigte oder unverzweigte oder cyclische Alkyl- oder Alkanoylreste, mit Alkyl- oder Arylsubstituenten substituierte oder unsubstituierte Aryl- oder Aroylreste oder auch alkylierte oder arylierte Organylsilylreste. x bedeutet dabei Zahlen, die es dem Gesamtmolekül erlaubt, in Wasser löslich oder zumindest dispergierbar zu sein, typischerweise gewählt aus dem Bereich größer als 10, vorteilhaft aus dem Bereich 20–300. a und b sind Zahlen, die in Abhängigkeit von x gewählt werden, dergestalt, dass das Gesamtmolekül eine wenigstens ausreichende Wasserlöslichkeit bzw. Wasserdispergierbarkeit aufweist. Im Einzelfalle, beispielsweise wenn der Verdicker aus der Gruppe der derivatisierten Polysaccharide gewählt wird, kann x auch noch wesentlich höhere Werte als 300, sogar mehrere Millionen, annehmen. Dies ist dem Fachmanne an sich bekannt und bedarf keiner weiteren Erläuterung.For the structural scheme (1), for example, the following more specific structural schemes can be followed:

wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ and R _{6 are} independently branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or chain aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals, for example branched or unbranched or cyclic alkyl or alkanoyl , aryl or aroyl radicals which are substituted or unsubstituted by alkyl or aryl substituents, or also alkylated or arylated organylsilyl radicals. x means numbers that allow the whole molecule to be soluble or at least dispersible in water, typically selected from the range greater than 10, preferably from the range 20-300. a and b are numbers chosen as a function of x, such that the total molecule has at least sufficient water solubility or water dispersibility. In individual cases, for example when the thickener is selected from the group of derivatized polysaccharides, x can also assume much higher values than 300, even several million. This is known to the person skilled in the art and needs no further explanation.

wobei R₁, R₂ und R₃ unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, cyclische oder kettenförmige aliphatische, aromatische oder heteroaromatische Reste darstellen können, beispielsweise verzweigte oder unverzweigte oder cyclische Alkyl- oder Alkanoylreste, mit Alkyl- oder Arylsubstituenten substituierte oder unsubstituierte Aryl- oder Aroylreste oder auch alkylierte oder arylierte Organylsilylreste. x, y und z bedeuten dabei unabhängig voneinander Zahlen, die es dem Gesamtmolekül erlauben, in Wasser löslich oder zumindest dispergierbar zu sein, typischerweise gewählt aus dem Bereich größer als 10, vorteilhaft aus dem Bereich 20–300.For structural scheme (2), for example, the following more specific structural schemes may be followed:

where R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ independently of one another may represent branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or chain-like aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals, for example branched or unbranched or cyclic alkyl or alkanoyl radicals, substituted or unsubstituted by alkyl or aryl substituents Aryl or aroyl radicals or alkylated or arylated Organylsilylreste. In this case, x, y and z independently of one another represent numbers which allow the total molecule to be soluble or at least dispersible in water, typically selected from the range greater than 10, advantageously from the range 20-300.

Partial substitution is also conceivable, one or more of the indices x, y, or z being able to assume the value zero and one or more of the radicals R ₁ , R ₂ or R _{3 being} hydrogen atoms.

wobei R₁, R₂, R₃ und R₄ unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, cyclische oder kettenförmige aliphatische, aromatische oder heteroaromatische Reste darstellen können, beispielsweise verzweigte oder unverzweigte oder cyclische Alkyl- oder Alkanoylreste, mit Alkyl- oder Arylsubstituenten substituierte oder unsubstituierte Aryl- oder Aroylreste oder auch alkylierte oder arylierte Organylsilylreste. u, v, w und x bedeuten dabei unabhängig voneinander Zahlen, die es dem Gesamtmolekül erlauben, in Wasser löslich oder zumindest dispergierbar zu sein, typischerweise gewählt aus dem Bereich größer als 10, vorteilhaft aus dem Bereich 20–300.For the structural scheme (3), for example, the following more specific structural schemes can be followed:

wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ and R _{4 are} independently branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or chain aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals, for example branched or unbranched or cyclic alkyl or alkanoyl radicals, with alkyl or aryl substituents substituted or unsubstituted aryl or aroyl radicals or else alkylated or arylated organylsilyl radicals. In this case, u, v, w and x independently of one another represent numbers which allow the total molecule to be soluble or at least dispersible in water, typically selected from the range greater than 10, advantageously from the range 20-300.

Again, it goes without saying that partial substitution is conceivable, wherein one or more of the indices u, v, w, x can assume the value zero and one or more of the radicals R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ or R ₄ can represent hydrogen atoms. Of course, the substances go into other structural schemes.

wobei R₁, R₂, R₃ und R₄ unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, cyclische oder kettenförmige aliphatische, aromatische oder heteroaromatische Reste darstellen können, beispielsweise verzweigte oder unverzweigte oder cyclische Alkyl- oder Alkanoylreste, mit Alkyl- oder Arylsubstituenten substituierte oder unsubstituierte Aryl- oder Aroylreste oder auch alkylierte oder arylierte Organylsilylreste. x und y bedeuten dabei unabhängig voneinander Zahlen, die es dem Gesamtmolekül erlauben, in Wasser löslich oder zumindest dispergierbar zu sein, typischerweise gewählt aus dem Bereich größer als 10, vorteilhaft aus dem Bereich 20–300. For the structural scheme (9), for example, the following more specific structural schemes can be followed:

wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ and R _{4 are} independently branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or chain aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals, for example branched or unbranched or cyclic alkyl or alkanoyl radicals, with alkyl or aryl substituents substituted or unsubstituted aryl or aroyl radicals or else alkylated or arylated organylsilyl radicals. In this case, x and y independently of one another represent numbers which allow the total molecule to be soluble or at least dispersible in water, typically selected from the range greater than 10, advantageously from the range 20-300.

wobei R₁, R₂, und R₃ unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, cyclische oder kettenförmige aliphatische, aromatische oder heteroaromatische Reste darstellen können, beispielsweise verzweigte oder unverzweigte oder cyclische Alkyl- oder Alkanoylreste, mit Alkyl- oder Arylsubstituenten substituierte oder unsubstituierte Aryl- oder Aroylreste oder auch alkylierte oder arylierte Organylsilylreste. x, y und z bedeuten dabei unabhängig voneinander Zahlen, die es dem Gesamtmolekül erlauben, in Wasser löslich oder zumindest dispergierbar zu sein, typischerweise gewählt aus dem Bereich größer als 10, vorteilhaft aus dem Bereich 20–300.For the structural scheme (10), for example, the following more specific structural schemes may be followed:

wherein R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ independently of one another may represent branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or chain-like aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals, for example branched or unbranched or cyclic alkyl or alkanoyl radicals, substituted by alkyl or aryl substituents unsubstituted aryl or aroyl radicals or else alkylated or arylated organylsilyl radicals. In this case, x, y and z independently of one another represent numbers which allow the total molecule to be soluble or at least dispersible in water, typically selected from the range greater than 10, advantageously from the range 20-300.

wobei R₁, R₂, R₃ und R₄ unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, cyclische oder kettenförmige aliphatische, aromatische oder heteroaromatische Reste darstellen können, beispielsweise verzweigte oder unverzweigte oder cyclische Alkyl- oder Alkanoylreste, mit Alkyl- oder Arylsubstituenten substituierte oder unsubstituierte Aryl- oder Aroylreste oder auch alkylierte oder arylierte Organylsilylreste. u, v, w und x bedeuten dabei unabhängig voneinander Zahlen, die es dem Gesamtmolekül erlauben, in Wasser löslich oder zumindest dispergierbar zu sein, typischerweise gewählt aus dem Bereich größer als 10, vorteilhaft aus dem Bereich 20–300. k, l, m und n können dabei unabhängig voneinander Zahlen von 0 bis 50 darstellen.For the structural scheme (11), for example, the following more specific structural scheme can be followed:

wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ and R _{4 are} independently branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or chain aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals, for example branched or unbranched or cyclic alkyl or alkanoyl radicals, with alkyl or aryl substituents substituted or unsubstituted aryl or aroyl radicals or else alkylated or arylated organylsilyl radicals. In this case, u, v, w and x independently of one another represent numbers which allow the total molecule to be soluble or at least dispersible in water, typically selected from the range greater than 10, advantageously from the range 20-300. k, l, m and n can independently represent numbers from 0 to 50.

wobei R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄ und R₅ unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, cyclische oder kettenförmige aliphatische, aromatische oder heteroaromatische Reste darstellen können, beispielsweise verzweigte oder unverzweigte oder cyclische Alkyl- oder Alkanoylreste, mit Alkyl- oder Arylsubstituenten substituierte oder unsubstituierte Aryl- oder Aroylreste oder auch alkylierte oder arylierte Organylsilylreste. u, v, w, x und y bedeuten dabei unabhängig voneinander Zahlen, die es dem Gesamtmolekül erlauben, in Wasser löslich oder zumindest dispergierbar zu sein, typischerweise gewählt aus dem Bereich größer als 10, vorteilhaft aus dem Bereich 20–100.For the structural scheme (12), for example, the following more specific structural scheme can be followed:

where R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ and R ₅ independently of one another can represent branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or chain-like aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals, for example branched or unbranched or cyclic alkyl or alkanoyl radicals, with alkyl - or aryl substituted or unsubstituted aryl or aroyl or alkylated or arylated Organylsilylreste. In this case, u, v, w, x and y independently of one another represent numbers which allow the total molecule to be soluble or at least dispersible in water, typically selected from the range greater than 10, advantageously from the range 20-100.

wobei R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ und R₆ unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, cyclische oder kettenförmige aliphatische, aromatische oder heteroaromatische Reste darstellen können, beispielsweise verzweigte oder unverzweigte oder cyclische Alkyl- oder Alkanoylreste, mit Alkyl- oder Arylsubstituenten substituierte oder unsubstituierte Aryl- oder Aroylreste oder auch alkylierte oder arylierte Organylsilylreste. u, v, w, x, y und z bedeuten dabei unabhängig voneinander Zahlen, die es dem Gesamtmolekül erlauben, in Wasser löslich oder zumindest dispergierbar zu sein, typischerweise gewählt aus dem Bereich größer als 10, vorteilhaft aus dem Bereich 20–1000.For the structural scheme (13), for example, the following more specific structural scheme can be followed:

wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ and R _{6 are} independently branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or chain aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals, for example branched or unbranched or cyclic alkyl or alkanoyl , aryl or aroyl radicals which are substituted or unsubstituted by alkyl or aryl substituents, or also alkylated or arylated organylsilyl radicals. In this connection, u, v, w, x, y and z independently of one another represent numbers which allow the total molecule to be soluble or at least dispersible in water, typically selected from the range greater than 10, advantageously from the range 20-1000.

It may also be advantageous to modify the structural schemes described above such that branching occurs again at the end of the thickener molecule, for example in the way that it is realized in the group of so-called dendrimers.

• – der Polyethylenglycolether der allgemeinen Formel R-O-(-CH₂-CH₂-O-)_n-R', wobei R und R' unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte Alkyl-, Aryl- oder Alkenylreste und n eine Zahl größer als 100 darstellen,
• – der veretherten Fettsäureethoxylate der allgemeinen Formel R-COO-(-CH₂-CH₂-O-)_n-R', wobei R und R' unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte Alkyl-, Aryl- oder Alkenylreste und n eine Zahl größer als 100 darstellen,
• – der veresterten Fettsäureethoxylate der allgemeinen Formel R-COO-(-CH₂-CH₂-O-)_n-C(O)-R', wobei R und R' unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte Alkyl-, Aryl- oder Alkenylreste und n eine Zahl größer als 100 darstellen, der Polypropylenglycolether der allgemeinen Formel R-O-(-CH₂-CH(CH₃)-O-)_n-R', wobei R und R' unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte Alkyl-, Aryl- oder Alkenylreste und n eine Zahl größer als 100 darstellen, der veresterten Fettsäurepropoxylate der allgemeinen Formel R-COO-(-CH₂-CH(CH₃)-O-)_n-C(O)-R', wobei R und R' unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte Alkyl-, Aryl- oder Alkenylreste und n eine Zahl größer als 100 darstellen, der Polypropylenglycolether der allgemeinen Formel R-O-X_n-Y_m-R', wobei R und R' unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte Alkyl-, Aryl- oder Alkenylreste darstellen, wobei X und Y nicht identisch sind und jeweils entweder eine Oxyethylengruppe oder eine Oxypropylengruppe und n und m unabhängig voneinander Zahlen darstellen, deren Summe größer als 100 ist
• – der veretherten Fettsäurepropoxylate der allgemeinen Formel R-COO-X_n-Y_m-R', wobei R und R' unabhängig voneinander verzweigte oder unverzweigte Alkyl-, Aryl- oder Alkenylreste darstellen, wobei X und Y nicht identisch sind und jeweils entweder eine Oxyethylengruppe oder eine Oxypropylengruppe und n und m unabhängig voneinander Zahlen darstellen, deren Summe größer als 100 ist

Particularly suitable crosslinkers have been found to be selected from the group

• The polyethylene glycol ether of the general formula RO - (- CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O-) _n -R ', where R and R' independently of one another represent branched or unbranched alkyl, aryl or alkenyl radicals and n is a number greater than 100,
• - The etherified fatty acid ethoxylates of the general formula R-COO - (- CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O-) _n -R ', wherein R and R' independently of one another branched or unbranched alkyl, aryl or alkenyl radicals and n is a number greater than Represent 100,
• - The esterified fatty acid ethoxylates of the general formula R-COO - (- CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O-) _n -C (O) -R ', wherein R and R' independently branched or unbranched alkyl, aryl or alkenyl radicals and n represent a number greater than 100, the polypropylene glycol ether of the general formula RO - (- CH ₂ -CH (CH ₃ ) -O-) _n -R ', where R and R' independently of one another branched or unbranched alkyl, aryl or Alkenyl radicals and n represent a number greater than 100, the esterified Fettsäurepropoxylate the general formula R-COO - (- CH ₂ -CH (CH ₃ ) -O-) _n -C (O) -R ', wherein R and R' independently each branched or unbranched alkyl, aryl or alkenyl radicals and n represent a number greater than 100, the polypropylene glycol ether of the general formula ROX _n -Y _m -R ', wherein R and R' independently of one another branched or unbranched alkyl, aryl or Alkenyl radicals, wherein X and Y are not identical and each either an oxyethylene group or an oxypropylengru ppe and n and m independently represent numbers whose sum is greater than 100
• - The etherified fatty acid propoxylates of the general formula R-COO-X _n -Y _m -R ', wherein R and R' are independently branched or unbranched alkyl, aryl or alkenyl radicals, wherein X and Y are not identical and each either one Oxyethylene group or an oxypropylene group and n and m independently represent numbers whose sum is greater than 100

Particularly advantageous are the PEG-150 distearate, PEG 800 distearate, PEG-800 Chol ₂ and the PEG-150 dioleate. Also, the PEG-300 pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate, the PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleate, the PEG-160 sorbitan triisostearate, the PEG-450 sorbitol hexaisostearate, and the PEG-230 glyceryl triisostearate are advantageous to use as a thickener. Furthermore, PEG-200 glyceryl palmitate is also suitable. Furthermore, the thickener from Südchemie with the name Purethix 1442 (polyether-1) is also advantageous. It is also possible to use polyurethane thickeners, such as Rheolate 204, 205, 208 (Rheox) or modified cosmetic variants or DW 12066 from Rhom & Haas or Serad Fx 1010, 1035 from Huls. Furthermore, it is also advantageous to use mixtures of the polymers described above, for example PEG 800 distearate and PEG-800 Chol ₂ .

Furthermore, celluloses, for example, particularly advantageous to use hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), which are not to be regarded as crosslinking agents. Furthermore, combinations of HPMC and the crosslinkers described above can also be used.

A slightly modified way of forming microemulsion gels of the invention is to immobilize the oil droplets through the use of hydrophobically modified, synthetic or natural polymers. Such polymers are sometimes referred to as associative thickeners.

Accordingly, it is also advantageous, in particular if the thickener or thickeners are to be selected from the group of associative thickeners, to choose hydrophobically substituted polysaccharide derivatives, for example hydrophobically substituted cellulose ethers, hydrophobically substituted starches, alginates, glucans, chitins, dextrans, caseinates, pectins, proteins and gums, polyurethanes, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, water-soluble silicone polymers and the like.

For example, cetylhydroxyethylcellulose is to be used. Furthermore, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose is also very preferable. Polyethylene glycols with long PEG units are also particularly preferred for improving the foam structure, foam quality and foam amount, for example PEG-14 M, PEG-45 M from Amerchol and Oxethal VD 92 (glyceryl-90 isostearate + laureth-2) from Zschimmer and Schwarz.

• 1. Quaternäre Derivate von Celluloseethern Bevorzugt ist beispielsweise Polyquaternium 10, Polyquaternium 24
• 2. Quaternäre Derivate von Gummen Bevorzugt ist beispielsweise Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium chlorid und Hydroxypropyltrimonium hydroxypropyl guar
• 3. Homopolymere und Copolymere von Dimethyl diallyammonium Chloride (DMDAAC) Bevorzugt ist beispielsweise Polyquaternium 4 und 6 und 7
• 4. Homopolymere und Copolymere von Methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chlorid (MAPTAC) Bevorzugt ist beispielsweise Polyquaternium 28 und Polymethacrylamidopropyltrimonium chlorid
• 5. Homopolymere und Copolymere von Acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chlorid (APTAC)
• 6. Homopolymere und Copolymere von Methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chlorid (METAC) Bevorzugt ist beispielsweise Polyquaternium 32 und Polyquaternium 37
• 7. Homopolymere und Copolymere von Acryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chlorid (AETAC) Bevorzugt ist beispielsweise Polyquaternium 33
• 8. Homopolymere und Copolymere von Methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfat (METAMS) Bevorzugt ist beispielsweise Polyquaternium 5 und Polyquaternium 11 und Polyquaternium 14 und Polyquaternium 15 und Polyquaternium 36 und Polyquaternium 45
• 9. Homopolymere und Copolymere von Vinylpyrrolidon Bevorzugt ist beispielsweise Luviquat 905
• 10. Kationische Polysaccharide basierend auf Hydroxyalkylcellulosen, Stärken, Hydroxyalkylstärken, Polymere basierend auf Arabinose Monomeren, Polymere abgeleitet von der Xylose, Fucose, Fructose, Galacturonsäure und Glucuronsäure, Galactosamin und Glucosamin, Acetylglucosamin, Galactose, Mannose. Bevorzugt sind beispielsweise Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammoniumchlorid Derivate von Stärke, die von Korn, Kartoffel, Rice, Tapioaca, Weizen und dergleichen sein kann.
• 11. Ammonium substituierte Polydimethylsiloxane Bevorzugt sind beispielsweise Trimethylsilylamodimethicon (Dow Corning Q2-8220), Copolymere von Polydimethylsiloxan und Poly C2-C3 Alkylenether (Dow Corning 190, Dow Corning 2-5324, Dow Corning Q2-5220), Abil-Quat 3270
• 12. PVP
• 13. Polyethylenimine Bevorzugt ist beispielsweise Lupasol FG (BASF), Lupasol G-35 (BASF), Lupasol P (BASF)
• 14. Chitosan

Furthermore, cationic polymers may also be added as thickeners. These improve the feeling on the skin and can advantageously influence the foam behavior of the formulations according to the invention. From the cationic polymers can be chosen from:

• 1. Quaternary Derivatives of Cellulose Ethers Preferred is, for example, Polyquaternium 10, Polyquaternium 24
• 2. Quaternary Derivatives of Gums Preferred is, for example, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride and hydroxypropyltrimonium hydroxypropyl guar
• 3. Homopolymers and Copolymers of Dimethyl Diallyammonium Chlorides (DMDAAC) Polyquaternium 4 and 6 and 7, for example, are preferred
• 4. Homopolymers and Copolymers of Methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) Preference is given, for example Polyquaternium 28 and polymethacrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride
• 5. Homopolymers and Copolymers of Acrylamidopropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride (APTAC)
• 6. Homopolymers and Copolymers of Methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC) Polyquaternium 32 and Polyquaternium 37, for example, are preferred
• 7. Homopolymers and Copolymers of Acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (AETAC) Polyquaternium 33 is preferred, for example
• 8. Homopolymers and Copolymers of Methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate (METAMS) Preference is given, for example, to Polyquaternium 5 and Polyquaternium 11 and Polyquaternium 14 and Polyquaternium 15 and Polyquaternium 36 and Polyquaternium 45
• 9. Homopolymers and Copolymers of Vinylpyrrolidone Preferred is, for example, Luviquat 905
• 10. Cationic polysaccharides based on hydroxyalkylcelluloses, starches, hydroxyalkylstars, polymers based on arabinose monomers, polymers derived from xylose, fucose, fructose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid, galactosamine and glucosamine, acetylglucosamine, galactose, mannose. Preferred are, for example, hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride derivatives of starch, which may be from corn, potato, rice, tapioaca, wheat and the like.
• 11. Ammonium-Substituted Polydimethylsiloxanes Preferred are, for example, trimethylsilylamodimethicone (Dow Corning Q2-8220), copolymers of polydimethylsiloxane and poly C2-C3 alkylene ether (Dow Corning 190, Dow Corning 2-5324, Dow Corning Q2-5220), Abil-Quat 3270
• 12. PVP
• 13. Polyethyleneimines Preference is given, for example, to Lupasol FG (BASF), Lupasol G-35 (BASF), Lupasol P (BASF)
• 14. Chitosan

It may also be advantageous if the thickener or thickeners used according to the invention have or have physiological activity in the sense of a cosmetic or pharmaceutical effect. For example, those in the German Offenlegungsschrift 43 44 661 disclosed biosurfactant esters are advantageously used in the context of the present invention.

Furthermore, oils with different polarity, molecular weight and structure can be used. The oil component or the entirety of the oil components of the preparation according to the invention is selected from the group of esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxyalkanecarboxylic acids having a chain length of 1 to 44 carbon atoms and saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and or unbranched alcohols having a chain length of 1 to 44 carbon atoms, from the group of esters of aromatic carboxylic acids and saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alcohols having a chain length of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, provided the oil component or the entirety the oil components are a liquid at room temperature. Such ester oils can then be advantageously selected from the group isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, isopropyl oleate, n-butyl stearate, n-hexyl laurate, n-decyl oleate, isooctyl stearate, isononyl stearate, isononyl isononanoate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-ethylhexyl laurate, 2-hexyldecyl stearate, 2 Octyl dodecyl palmitate, oleyl oleate, oleyl erucate, erucyl oleate, erucyl erucate and synthetic, semi-synthetic and natural mixtures of such esters, e.g. B. jojoba oil.

For example, ester oils have proven particularly useful for producing more foamy formulations. Cetearyl isononanoate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, ethylhexyl cocoate, 2-ethylhexyl laurate, 2-ethylhexypalmitate, decyl oleate, octyl isostearate, isotridecyl isononoate or also corresponding ester oil mixtures are particularly advantageous.

The oil phase can be selected from the group of branched and unbranched hydrocarbons, lanolins, adipic esters, butylene glycol diesters, dialkyl ethers or carbonates, the group of saturated or unsaturated, branched alcohols, and fatty acid triglycerides, namely the triglycerol esters of saturated and / or unsaturated , branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids of a chain length of 8 to 24, in particular 12-18 C-atoms. The fatty acid triglycerides can be selected, for example, advantageously from the group of synthetic, semi-synthetic and natural oils, for. Olive oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, almond oil, palm oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, macadamia oil, evening primrose oil, and the like.

For example, dicapylyl carbonate, dicaprylyl ether, paraffin oil, coco caprylate / caprate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, octyldodecanol are very advantageous. Furthermore, very advantageous oil mixtures can be used such as paraffin oil / dicaprylyl ether, paraffin oil / CocoCaprylat caprate.

Advantageous oil components are also z. Butyloctyl salicylate (for example that available under the trade name Hallbrite BHB from the company CP Hall), hexadecyl benzoate and butyl octyl benzoate and mixtures thereof (Hallstar AB) and / or diethylhexylnaphthalate (Hallbrite TQ).

For example, dialkyl ethers, dialkyl carbonates, Minaeralöle have proven to produce more foamy preparations. Dicaprylyl ethers, dicaprylyl carbonate, paraffin oil, hydrogenated polydecene, vaseline or also corresponding mixtures of the lipids described above are particularly advantageous.

The oil components may advantageously be present in a content of 1 to 50 wt .-%, based on the total preparation, preferably about 1 to 40 wt .-%.

Furthermore, it was surprising that very high concentrations of oils and lipids (1-15 wt .-%) can be used with a total surfactant content of 15 wt .-% (active) and W / O emulsifier from 0.0 to 10 wt .-% , Further, the total surfactant content (less than 15% by weight) may also be lower without losing the microemulsion structure (eg, transparency when aiming water-clear formulations).

By using waxes (ester waxes, triglyceride waxes, ethoxylated waxes, etc.) in the oil phase or as an oil phase, the adhesion of the substances can be further improved.

It is preferred if the wax component or the entirety of the wax components is selected from the group of esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids having a chain length of 1 to 80 carbon atoms and saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alcohols having a chain length of 1 to 80 carbon atoms, from the group of esters of aromatic carboxylic acids and saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alcohols having a chain length of 1 to 80 carbon atoms, if the wax component or the entirety of the wax components at room temperature constitute a solid, the natural waxes, the diesters of polyols and C10-C80 fatty acids, the ethoxylated waxes, the triglyceride waxes, the C16-C60 fatty acids and / or C16-C80 fatty alcohols, the mineral oil waxes.

Particularly advantageously, the wax components can be selected from the group of C 16-36 -alkyl stearates, C _10-40 -alkyl stearates, C _20-40- alkyl isostearates, C _20-40 -dialkyl dimerates, C _18-38 -alkylhydroxystearoyl stearates, C _{20- 40} dialkyl dimerates selected from C _20-40 alkyl erucates, furthermore C _30-50 alkyl beeswax, cetyl palmitate, methyl palmitate, cetearyl behenate, octacosanyl stearates. Silicone waxes such as, for example, stearyltrimethylsilane / stearyl alcohol may also be advantageous.

• 1. gesättigten und/oder ungesättigten, verzweigten und/oder unverzweigten Mono- und/oder Dicarbonsäure mit 10 bis 50 Kohlenstoffatomen, bevorzugt 15-45 Kohlenstoffatomen und
• 2. Glycerin

darstellen. Dabei können Mono-, Di- und Triglyceride vorteilhaft sein.In the context of the present invention, ester waxes which are esters are also advantageous

• 1. saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched mono- and / or dicarboxylic acid having 10 to 50 carbon atoms, preferably 15-45 carbon atoms and
• 2. glycerin

represent. Mono-, di- and triglycerides may be advantageous.

Particularly advantageous are the glycerides listed below: glyceride trade name Available at C _16-18 triglyceride Cremeol HF-52-SPC Aarhus Oliefabrik glycerylhydroxy Naturchem GMHS Rahn Hydrogenated coco glycerides Softisan 100 Huels AG Caprylic acid / capric acid / isostearic acid / adipic acid triglyceride Softisan 649 Dynamite Nobel C _18-36 triglyceride Syncrowax HGLC Croda GmbH glyceryltribehenate Syncrowax HRC Croda GmbH Glyceryl tri (12-hydroxystearate) Thixcin R Rheox / NRC Hydrogenated castor oil Cutina HR Henkel KgaA C _16-24 triglyceride Cremeol HF-62-SPC Aarhus Oliefabrik

It is particularly preferable to choose the wax components from the group of triglyceride waxes such as C18-38 triglyceride or tribehenin.

It has also been found that ethoxylated waxes such as PEG-8 beeswax, PEG 6 sorbitol beeswax, PEG-2 hydrogenated castoroil, PEG-12 carnauba wax are advantageous.

In particular, moisturizers such as glycerol, chitosan, fucogel, lactic acid, propylene glycol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, mannitol, sodium pyrollocarboxylic acid, glycine, hyaluronic acid and its salts, urea, sodium and potassium salts can be more easily attached to the skin. By using waxes (ester waxes, triglyceride waxes, ethoxylated waxes, etc.) in the oil phase or as an oil phase, the adhesion of the active ingredients and moisturizers can be further improved.

Furthermore, sunscreen filters can be used much easier, so that shower-on products result, d. H. the user receives during the shower a protective protection against sun rays for skin and hair. A person skilled in the art knows how difficult it is to formulate sunscreen filters in surfactant-containing shower products while maintaining transparency.

The microemulsion according to the invention is characterized in that a large number of W / O emulsifiers can be used to prepare the microemulsions or their gels according to the invention.

According to the invention, the W / O emulsifier (s) can be selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols having 8-30 carbon atoms, monoglycerol esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids having a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 carbon atoms. Atoms, diglycerol esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids of a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 C-atoms, triglycerol esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids of a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 C-atoms, polyglycerol esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids of a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 C-atoms with up to 10 glycerol units, monoglycerol ether saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alcohols of a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 C-atoms, diglycerol ethers of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alcohols of a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 C-atoms, triglycerol ether saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alcohols having a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 C-atoms, polyglycerol ethers of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alcohols having a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 C atoms having up to 10 glycerol units, propylene glycol esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids having a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 C atoms, sorbitan esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids of a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 C-atoms, sorbitan esters of Pol yolen, in particular of glycerol, pentaerythrityl esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids of a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 C-atoms, methylglucose esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids of a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 C-atoms, polyglycerol methylglucose esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids of a chain length of 8-24, in particular 12-18 C-atoms, cetyl Dimethicone Copolyols, Alkyl Methicone Copolyols, Alkyl Diemethicone Ethoxy Glucosides, Glyceryl Citrate.

It may be advantageous according to the invention that the abovementioned types of W / O emulsifiers are additionally polyethoxylated and / or polypropoxylated, or that other polyethoxylated and / or polypropoxylated products are used, for example polyethoxylated hydrogenated or nonhydrogenated castor oil, ethoxylated cholesterol, ethoxylated Fatty alcohols such as steareth-2, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated dicarboxylic acids, ethoxylated waxes such as PEG (-6, -8, -12, -20) beeswax, PEG (-6, -8, -20 sorbitol-beeswax), ethoylated carnauba waxes (PEG-12 carnauba wax).

Particularly advantageous W / O emulsifiers are glyceryl lanolate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monoisostearate, glyceryl linoleate, glyceryl monooleate, diglyceryl monostearate, Diglycerylmonoisostearat, diglyceryl diisostearate, propylene glycol monostearate, propylene glycol monoisostearate, Propylenglycoldiisostearat, sorbitan, sucrose distearate, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, Isobehenylalkohol, 2-ethyl hexyl glycerin ether, selachyl alcohol, Chimyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol (2) stearyl ether (steareth-2), glyceryl monolaurate, glyceryl monocaprinate, glyceryl monocaprylate, glyceryl sorbitan stearate, polyglyceryl-4 isostearate, polyglyceryl-2-sesquiisostearate, PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-40 sorbitan perisostearate, isostearyl diglyceryl succinate, PEG-5 cholesteryl ether , Triglycerol diisostearate, PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate, decaglycerylheptaoleate, polyglyceryl-3-diisostearate, PEG-8 distearate, diglycerol dipolyhydroxystearate.

The emulsions of the invention may further contain stabilizers. Preferred stabilizers are the PEG-45 / dodecyl glycol copolymer, PEG-22 / dodecyl glycol copolymer and / or methoxy-PEG-22 dodecyl glycol copolymer. The stabilizer or stabilizers are advantageously present in concentrations of 0.01-25 wt .-%, although it is possible and is advantageous to keep the content of stabilizers low, for example up to 5 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the composition. It is particularly advantageous to choose stabilizers if preparations according to the invention are to contain a high content of destabilizing substances. If the content of destabilizing substances is low, one can do without the stabilizer.

The W / O emulsifier used according to the invention or the W / O emulsifiers used according to the invention is or are advantageously present in concentrations of 0.1-25% by weight, although it is possible and advantageous to keep the content of emulsifiers low to about 5 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the composition.

In addition, the microemulsions of the invention may contain dyes and / or pigments. Pigments can be used when they are nanodiperged (10-100 nm), dyes make the product, for example, blue transparent. The dyes and pigments can be selected from the corresponding positive list of the Cosmetics Regulation or EC List of cosmetic colorants. In most cases, they are identical to the food-approved dyes. Pigments may be of organic and inorganic origin, such as azo-type organic, indigoidene, triphenylmethane-type, anthraquinone, and xanthine dyes known as D & C and FD & C blues, browns, greens, oranges, reds, yellows. Inorganic pigments consist of insoluble salts of certified dyes called lakes or iron oxides. For example, barium lakes, calcium lakes, aluminum lakes, titanium dioxides, mica and iron oxides can be used. As Al salts z. B Red 3 Aluminum Lake, Red 21 Aluminum Lake, Red 27 Aluminum Lake, Red 28 Aluminum Lake, Red 33 Aluminum Lake, Yellow 5 Aluminum Lake, Yellow 6 Aluminum Lake, Yellow 10 Aluminum Lake, Orange 5 Aluminum Lake, Blue 1 Aluminum Lake and combinations used. As iron oxides or oxide hydrates z. Cosmetic brown oxide C33-8073 (Sun Chemical), cosmetic brown oxide C33-115 (Nordmann & Rassmann), cosmetic russet oxide C33-8075 (Sunchemical) and, where appropriate, beneficial. The aluminosilicate used is ultramarine blue (Les colorants Wacker).

Pearlescent pigments can also be incorporated into the emulsions according to the invention. These are, for example, by the companies Costenoble (Cloisonne-type, flamenco type, Low Luster type), Merck (Colorona types, Microna type, Timiron type, Colorona, Ronasphere), Les Colornats Wacker (Covapure, Vert oxyde de Chrome), Cadre (Colorona, Sicopearl), BASF (Sicopearl, Sicovit), Rona (Colorona). For example, Timiron Silk Gold and Colorona Red Gold have proven to be particularly advantageous pearlescent pigments.

Advantageous color pigments are furthermore titanium dioxide, mica, iron oxides (eg Fe ₂ O ₃ , Fe ₃ O ₄ , FeO (OH)) and / or tin oxide. Advantageous dyes are, for example, carmine, Berlin blue, chrome oxide green, ultramarine blue and / or manganese violet. It is particularly advantageous to choose the dyes and / or color pigments from the following list. (The substances are ordered according to their Color Index Number.) Color Index Number German name CAS-No. or empirical formula 10316 C ext. Yellow 1 846-70-8 12075 C-Orange 3468-63-1 14700 C red 57 4548-53-2 15510 C-ext.Orange 8 633-96-5 15585 C red 55 2092-56-0 15585: 1 C red 55 5160-02-1 15800: 1 C ext. Red 57 6371-76-2 15850 Lithol Ruby 8 5858-81-1 15850: 1 C red 12 5281-04-9 15880: 1 C ext. Red 61 6417-83-0 15980 C-Orange 9 C ₁₆ H ₁₀ N ₂ O ₇ S ₂ · 2Na 15985 C-Orange 10 2783-94-0 16035 C red 60 29956-17-6 17200 C red 58 C ₁₆ H ₁₃ N ₃ O ₇ S ₂ · 2Na 19140 C-yellow 10 1934-21-0 20170 C ext. Brown 4 1320-07-6 6371-84-2 26100 C ext. Red 56 85-86-9 42053 C green 12 C ₃₇ H ₃₆ N ₂ O ₁₀ S ₃ · 2Na 42090 C blue 21 2650-18-2 42090 C blue 21 (ammonium salt) 2650-18-2 6371-85-3 37307-56-5 45170 C red 59 81-88-9 45170: 1 (Rhodamine B-stearate) C ₂₈ H ₃₁ N ₂ O ₃ .C ₁₈ H ₃₅ O ₂ 45370: 1 C-red 27 C ₂₀ H ₁₀ Br ₂ O ₅ 45380 C red 30 17372-87-1 45380: 2 Tetrabromfluoreszein 15086-94-9 45410 C red 34 18472-87-2 45410: 1 Tetrabromtetrachlorfluoreszein 13473-26-2 45425 C red 35 C ₂₀ H ₁₀ I ₂ O ₅ · 2Na 45425: 1 Fluorescein mixture 518-40-7 38577-97-8 47000 C ext. Yellow 23 8003-22-3 47005 C-yellow 11 8004-92-0 59040 C ext. Yellow 24 6358-69-6 60725 C ext. Violet 18 81-48-1 61565 C green 10 128-80-3 61570 C green 11 4403-90-1 73360 C red 28 2379-74-0 75120 C-Orange 12 8015-67-6 75130 C-Orange 11 7235-40-7 75170 guanine 68-94-0 73-40-50 75470 C red 50 C ₂₂ H ₂₀ O ₁₃ 75480 Henna C ₁₀ H ₆ O ₃ (Lawson) 75810 C green 8 11006-34-1 75810 C green 7 479-61-8 519-62-0 77000 C-Pigment 1 al 77007 C blue 16 57455-37-5 77019 C white 11 12001-26-2 77288 C green 9 1308-38-9 77289 C green 14 12001-99-9 77400 bronze 7440-50-8 77491 C red 45 1309-37-1 77492 C-brown 3 (C-yellow 8) Fe ₂ O ₃ FeO (OH) 77499 C black 5 Fe ₃ O ₄ 77510/20 C-blue 17 C ₆ FeN ₆ · 4 / 3Fe 77742 C-Violet 11 10101-66-3 77820 C-pigment 2 7440-22-4 77891 C white 7 13463-67-7 (TiO ₂ ) 77947 C white 8 1314-13-2

The dyes and pigments can be present both individually and in a mixture and can be mutually coated with one another, wherein different coating thicknesses generally cause different color effects.

The list of said dyes and color pigments which can be used in the emulsions according to the invention should of course not be limiting.

Emulsions according to the invention may also contain powders. Examples of powders are bismuth oxychloride, titanized mica, fumed silica, spherical silica beads, polymethyl methacrylate beads, micronized teflon, boron nitride, acrylate polymers, aluminum silicate, aluminum starch octenyl succinate, bentonite, calcium silicate, cellulose, chalk, corn starch, glyceryl starch , Hectorite, hydrogenated silica, kaolin, magnesium hydroxides, magnesium oxide, magnesium silicates, magnesium trisilicate, maltodextrin, montmorillonite, microcrystalline cellulose, rice starch, silica, talc, mica, titanium dioxide, zinc laurate, zinc myristate, zinc neodecanoate, zinc rosinate, zinc stearate, polyethylene, alumina, attapulgite, calcium carbonate , Calcium silicate, dextran, kaolin, nylon, silica silylate, silk powder, serecite, tin oxide, titanium hydroxide, trimagnesium phosphate, walnut shell powder or any mixtures.

In formulations according to the invention, both large amounts of hydrophilic, as well as hydrophobic active ingredients or combinations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic active ingredients can be incorporated into the formulations. Such active ingredients which are advantageous according to the invention are, for example, acetylsalicylic acid, azulene, ascorbic acid, vitamin B ₁ , vitamin B _12, vitamin D ₁ , but also bisabolol, unsaturated fatty acids, in particular the essential fatty acids (often also called vitamin F), in particular γ-linolenic acid, Oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, camphor, extracts or other products of plant and animal origin, eg. B. evening primrose oil, borage oil or currant seed oil, fish oils, cod liver oil but also ceramides and ceramide-like compounds and so on.

In addition, care ingredients can be incorporated, which are not limited to the fat-soluble active ingredients, but can also be selected from the group of water-soluble active ingredients, such as vitamins and the like.

An amazing feature of the formulations of the present invention is that they are very good vehicles for cosmetic or dermatological agents into the skin, with preferred agents being antioxidants which can protect the skin from oxidative stress.

The preparations therefore advantageously contain one or more antioxidants. As favorable, but nevertheless optional to be used antioxidants all suitable or customary for cosmetic and / or dermatological applications or conventional antioxidants can be used. It is advantageous to use antioxidants as the only class of drugs, such as when a cosmetic or dermatological application is in the foreground as the fight against oxidative stress on the skin. However, it is also advantageous to provide the W / O emulsion sticks according to the invention with a content of one or more antioxidants, if the preparations are to serve another purpose, for. B. as deodorants or sunscreens.

The antioxidants are particularly advantageously selected from the group consisting of amino acids (eg glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles (eg urocaninic acid) and derivatives thereof, peptides such as D, L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and their derivatives (eg anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (eg α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and their derivatives, lipoic acid and derivatives thereof (eg dihydrolipoic acid ), Aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (eg thioglycerol, thiosorbitol, thioglycollic acid, thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, Butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and their salts, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and derivatives thereof (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and also Sulfoximine compounds (eg, buthionine sulfoximines, homocysteine sulfo ximin, buthionine sulfone, pentat, hexa, heptahionine sulfoximine) in very low tolerated dosages (e.g. Pmol to μmol / kg), furthermore (metal) chelators (eg α-hydroxyfatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), α-hydroxy acids (eg citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, Bile acids, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and their derivatives, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (eg gamma-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and its derivatives, ubiquinone and ubiquinol derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives ( for example ascorbyl palmitates, Mg ascorbyl phosphates, ascorbyl acetates), isoascorbic acid and its derivatives, tocopherols and derivatives (for example vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate) and also benzylic resin, rutinic acid and their benzylic ether Derivatives, ferulic acid and its derivatives, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiacetic acid, nordihydroguiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and its derivatives, mannose and derivatives thereof, zinc and its derivatives (eg ZnO, ZnSO ₄ ) selenium and its derivatives (eg. Selenium methionine), stilbenes and their derivatives (eg stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide) and the derivatives suitable according to the invention (salts, esters, ethers, Z ucker, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) of these active substances.

The amount of antioxidants used in the preparations is preferably 0.001 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.001 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 0.001-10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the preparation.

If vitamin E and / or its derivatives represent the antioxidant (s), it is advantageous to choose their respective concentrations from the range of 0.001-10% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation.

If vitamin A or vitamin A derivatives, or carotenes or derivatives thereof, are the antioxidant (s), it is advantageous if their respective concentrations are in the range from 0.001-10% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation, of to choose.

According to the invention, active substances can also be chosen very advantageously from the group of lipophilic active substances, in particular from the following group:
Acetylsalicylic acid, atropine, azulene, hydrocortisone and its derivatives, e.g. As hydrocortisone 17-valerate, vitamins, eg. As ascorbic acid and its derivatives, vitamins of the B and D series, very low the vitamin B ₁ , the vitamin B ₁₂ the vitamin D ₁ , but also bisabolol, unsaturated fatty acids, especially the essential fatty acids (often called vitamin F) , in particular γ-linolenic acid, oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and its derivatives, chloramphenicol, caffeine, prostaglandins, thymol, camphor, extracts or other products of plant and animal origin, eg. B. evening primrose oil, borage oil or currant seed oil, fish oils, cod liver oil but also ceramides and ceramide-like compounds and so on.

It is also advantageous to choose the active ingredients from the group of refatting substances, for example PurCellin ^{®, ®} and Eucerit Neocerit® ^®.

The active ingredient (s) are furthermore advantageously selected from the group of NO synthase inhibitors, in particular when the preparations according to the invention are to be used for the treatment and prophylaxis of the symptoms of intrinsic and / or extrinsic skin aging and for the treatment and prophylaxis of the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin , Preferred NO synthase inhibitor is nitroarginine.

Further advantageously, the active ingredient (s) are selected from the group comprising catechins and bile acid esters of catechins and aqueous or organic extracts of plants or plant parts which have a content of catechins or bile acid esters of catechins, such as the leaves of the plant family Theaceae, in particular of the species Camellia sinensis (green tea). Particularly advantageous are their typical ingredients (such as, for example, polyphenols or catechins, caffeine, vitamins, sugars, minerals, amino acids, lipids).

Catechins represent a group of compounds which are to be regarded as hydrogenated flavones or anthocyanidins and derivatives of "catechin" (catechol, 3,3 ', 4', 5,7-flavanpentaol, 2- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -chroman -3,5,7-triol). Also epicatechin ((2R, 3R) -3,3 ', 4', 5,7-flavanpentaol) is an advantageous active ingredient in the context of the present invention.

Also advantageous are herbal extracts containing catechins, especially extracts of green tea, such as. B. extracts from leaves of the plants of the species Camellia spec., Especially the teas Camellia sinenis, C. assamica, C. taliensis or C. irrawadiensis and crosses of these with, for example, Camellia japonica.

Further preferred active substances are polyphenols or catechins from the group (-) - catechin, (+) - catechin, (-) - catechin gallate, (-) - gallocatechin gallate, (+) - epicatechin, (-) - epicatechin, (-) Epicatechin gallate, (-) - epigallocatechin, (-) - epigallocatechin gallate.

Also, flavone and its derivatives (often collectively called "flavones") are beneficial agents within the meaning of the present invention. They are identified by the following basic structure (substitution positions specified):

Some of the more important flavones, which can also preferably be used in formulations according to the invention, are listed in the following table: OH substitution positions 3 5 7 8th 2 ' 3 ' 4 ' 5 ' Flavon - - - - - - - - flavonol + - - - - - - - Chrysin - + + - - - - - galangin + + + - - - - - apigenin - + + - - - - - fisetin + - + - - + + - luteolin - + + - - + + - kaempferol + + + - - - + - quercetin + + + - - + + - Morin + + + - + - + - robinetin + - + - - + + + gossypetin + + + + - + + - myricetin + + + - - + + +

In nature, flavones usually occur in glycosidated form.

wobei Z₁ bis Z₇ unabhängig voneinander gewählt werden aus der Gruppe H, OH, Alkoxy- sowie Hydroxyalkoxy-, wobei die Alkoxy- bzw. Hydroxyalkoxygruppen verzweigt und unverzweigt sein und 1 bis 18 C-Atome aufweisen können, und wobei Gly gewählt wird aus der Gruppe der Mono- und Oligoglycosidreste.According to the invention, the flavonoids are preferably selected from the group of substances of the generic structural formula

wherein Z ₁ to Z _{7 are} independently selected from the group H, OH, alkoxy and hydroxyalkoxy, wherein the alkoxy or hydroxyalkoxy groups may be branched and unbranched and may have 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and wherein Gly is selected from the group of mono- and oligoglycoside radicals.

wobei Z₁ bis Z₆ unabhängig voneinander gewählt werden aus der Gruppe H, OH, Alkoxy- sowie Hydroxyalkoxy-, wobei die Alkoxy- bzw. Hydroxyalkoxygruppen verzweigt und unverzweigt sein und 1 bis 18 C-Atome aufweisen können, und wobei Gly gewählt wird aus der Gruppe der Mono- und Oligoglycosidreste.According to the invention, however, the flavonoids can also be chosen advantageously from the group of substances of the generic structural formula

wherein Z ₁ to Z _{6 are} independently selected from the group H, OH, alkoxy and hydroxyalkoxy, where the alkoxy or hydroxyalkoxy groups may be branched and unbranched and may have 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and wherein Gly is selected from the group of mono- and oligoglycoside radicals.

wobei Gly₁, Gly₂ und Gly₃ unabhängig voneinander Monoglycosidreste oder darstellen. Gly₂ bzw. Gly₃ können auch einzeln oder gemeinsam Absättigungen durch Wasserstoffatome darstellen.Preferably, such structures can be selected from the group of substances of the generic structural formula

where Gly ₁ , Gly ₂ and Gly ₃ independently represent monoglycoside residues or. Gly ₂ or Gly ₃ can also represent individually or jointly saturations by hydrogen atoms.

Preferably Gly ₁ , Gly ₂ and Gly _{3 are} independently selected from the group of Hexosylreste, in particular the Rhamnosylreste and Glucosylreste. However, other hexosyl radicals, for example allosyl, altrosyl, galactosyl, gulosyl, idosyl, mannosyl and talosyl, may also be advantageous to use. It may also be advantageous according to the invention to use pentosyl radicals.

Advantageously, Z ₁ to Z _{5 are} independently selected from the group H, OH, methoxy, ethoxy and 2-hydroxyethoxy, and the flavone glycosides have the structure

wobei Gly₁, Gly₂ und Gly₃ unabhängig voneinander Monoglycosidreste oder darstellen. Gly₂ bzw. Gly₃ können auch einzeln oder gemeinsam Absättigungen durch Wasserstoffatome darstellen.The flavone glycosides according to the invention are particularly advantageous from the group which are represented by the following structure:

where Gly ₁ , Gly ₂ and Gly ₃ independently represent monoglycoside residues or. Gly ₂ or Gly ₃ can also represent individually or jointly saturations by hydrogen atoms.

Preferably Gly ₁ , Gly ₂ and Gly _{3 are} independently selected from the group of Hexosylreste, in particular the Rhamnosylreste and Glucosylreste. However, other hexosyl radicals, for example allosyl, altrosyl, galactosyl, gulosyl, idosyl, mannosyl and talosyl, may also be advantageous to use. It may also be advantageous according to the invention to use pentosyl radicals.

For the purposes of the present invention, it is particularly advantageous to choose the flavone glycoside (s) from the group α-glucosylrutin, α-glucosylmyricetin, α-glucosylisoquercitrin, α-glucosylisoquercetin and α-glucosylquercitrin. Particularly preferred according to the invention is α-glucosylrutin.

Naringin (aurantiine, naringenin-7-rhamnoglucoside), hesperidin (3 ', 5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone-7-rutinoside, hesperidoside, hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside) are also advantageous according to the invention. Rutin (3,3 ', 4', 5,7-pentahydroxyfly of 3-rutinoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside, sophorin, birutane, rutabion, taurutin, phytomelin, melin), troxerutin (3,5-dihydroxy-3 ', 4 ', 7-tris (2-hydroxyethoxy) flavone-3- (6-O- (6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl) -β-D-glucopyranoside)), monoxerutin (3,3',4' , 5-Tetrahydroxy-7- (2-hydroxyethoxy) flavone-3- (6-O- (6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl) -β-D-glucopyranoside)), dihydrorobinetine (3,3 ', 4 ', 5', 7-pentahydroxyflavanone), taxifolin (3,3 ', 4', 5,7-pentahydroxyflavanone), eriodictyol-7-glucoside (3 ', 4', 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone-7-glucoside), Flavanomarein (3 ', 4', 7,8-tetrahydroxyflavanone-7-glucoside) and isoquercetin (3,3 ', 4', 5,7-pentahydroxyflavanone-3- (β-D-glucopyranoside).

It is also advantageous to choose the active substance or substances from the group of ubiquinones and plastoquinones.

aus und stellen die am weitesten verbreiteten und damit am besten untersuchten Biochinone dar. Ubichinone werden je nach Zahl der in der Seitenkette verknüpften Isopren-Einheiten als Q-1, Q-2, Q-3 usw. oder nach Anzahl der C-Atome als U-5, U-10, U-15 usw. bezeichnet. Sie treten bevorzugt mit bestimmten Kettenlängen auf, z. B. in einigen Mikroorganismen und Hefen mit n = 6. Bei den meisten Säugetieren einschließlich des Menschen überwiegt Q10.Ubiquinones are characterized by the structural formula

Depending on the number of isoprene units linked in the side chain, ubiquinones are referred to as Q-1, Q-2, Q-3, etc., or according to the number of carbon atoms, as the most abundant and best studied biochinones U-5, U-10, U-15 and so on. They preferably occur with certain chain lengths, eg. In some microorganisms and yeasts with n = 6. In most mammals, including humans, Q10 is predominant.

Plastochinone weisen die allgemeine Strukturformel

auf. Plastoschinone unterscheiden sich in der Anzahl n der Isopren-Reste und werden endsprechend bezeichnet, z. B. PQ-9 (n = 9). Ferner existieren andere Plastochinone mit unterschiedlichen Substituenten am Chinon-Ring.Particularly advantageous is coenzyme Q10, which is characterized by the following structural formula:

Plastoquinones have the general structural formula

on. Plastoschinone differ in the number n of isoprene residues and are termed endsprechend, z. Eg PQ-9 (n = 9). There are also other plastoquinones with different substituents on the quinone ring.

Creatine and / or creatine derivatives are also preferred active ingredients in the context of the present invention. Creatine is characterized by the following structure:

Preferred derivatives are creatine phosphate as well as creatine sulfate, creatine acetate, creatine ascorbate and the derivatives esterified at the carboxyl group with mono- or polyfunctional alcohols.

wobei R gewählt wird aus der Gruppe der verzweigten und unverzweigten Alkylreste mit bis zu 10 Kohlenstoffatomen sind vorteilhafte Wirkstoffe im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung. Bevorzugt sind Propionylcarnitin und insbesondere Acetylcarnitin. Beide Entantiomere (D- und L-Form) sind vorteilhaft im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verwenden. Es kann auch von Vorteil sein, beliebige Enantiomerengemische, beispielsweise ein Racemat aus D- und L-Form, zu verwenden.Another beneficial agent is L-carnitine [3-hydroxy-4- (trimethylammonio) butyric betaine]. Also acyl-carnitines, which are selected from the group of substances of the following general structural formula

wherein R is selected from the group of branched and unbranched alkyl radicals having up to 10 carbon atoms are advantageous active ingredients in the context of the present invention. Preference is given to propionyl carnitine and in particular acetyl carnitine. Both enantiomers (D and L form) are to be used advantageously in the context of the present invention. It may also be advantageous to use any mixtures of enantiomers, for example a racemate of D and L form.

Further advantageous active compounds are sericoside, pyridoxol, aminoguadine, phytochelatin, isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, daidzin, glycitin), niacin, tyrosine sulfate, dioic acid, adenosine, pyridoxine, arginine, vitamin K, biotin and flavorings, sericoside as well as active ingredient combinations of the active substances mentioned ,

The list of active substances or combinations of active substances which can be used in the preparations according to the invention should of course not be limiting. The active substances can be used individually or in any desired combinations with one another.

It may be possible and advantageous to use the preparations according to the invention as a basis for pharmaceutical formulations. Mutatis mutandis, corresponding requirements apply to the formulation of medical preparations. The transitions between pure cosmetics and pure pharmaceuticals are fluid. According to the invention, all active substance classes are suitable in principle according to the invention as active pharmaceutical ingredients, with lipophilic active substances being preferred. Examples are: antihistamines, antiphlogistics, antibiotics, antifungals, blood circulation promoting agents, keratolytics, antihistamines, antiphlogistics, antibiotics, antifungals, circulation enhancing agents, keratolytics, hormones, steroids, vitamins, hormones, steroids, vitamins, etc.

It may be possible and advantageous to incorporate into the preparations according to the invention repellents. Particularly advantageous repellent active ingredients in the context of the present invention are the abovementioned active compounds N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, ethyl 3- (Nn-butyl-N-acetylamino) propionate, 1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2- (2-hydroxyethyl) 1-methylpropyl ester and dimethyl phthalate.

The invention further relates to the use of oily and foaming microemulsions as cleaning products, in particular as shower gels, shampoos, cleansing preparations, hand washing products, bath preparations, make-up remover or shaving products. The microemulsions can serve as a soaking medium for wipes, fabrics that are wet or dry applied by the consumer, or the microemulsions can be packaged and applied in a pump oozer.

For use, the cleaning products of the invention are applied in the usual manner for cosmetics on the skin and / or hair in sufficient quantity, optionally distributed, massaged and finally washed off.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention without limiting it. Unless indicated otherwise, all amounts, proportions and percentages are based on the weight and the total amount or on the total weight of the preparations. The percentages by weight given in the examples are active contents.

The preparation of the microemulsions according to the invention is carried out by known methods of cosmetics production, according to the invention a primary surfactant, one or more cosurfactants, one or more W / O emulsifiers, one or more liquid and / or solid oil phases, optionally a thickener and up to 4 wt. % Salts are combined, so that at a constant total amount of surfactant, the primary / cosurfactant ratio can be variably adjusted and yet microemulsions are obtained. Example 1 Make-up remover Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.20 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.80 common salt 0.50 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 2 Cleansing Gel Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 13,00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 2.00 citric acid 12:50 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.82 common salt 1.62 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 3 Shaving gel Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 11.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 4.22 citric acid 12:25 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.80 common salt 1.63 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 4 Make-up remover Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 11.00 Cocamidopropyl betaine 4.22 citric acid 12:25 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.80 common salt 1.70 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 5 Hand Wash Product Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Cocamidopropyl betaine 6.00 citric acid 12:20 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.80 common salt 1.70 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 6 bathing preparation Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 13,00 Cocamidopropyl betaine 2.00 citric acid 12:50 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.82 common salt 1.62 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 7 Shower Gel Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 13,00 Sodium cocoamphopropionate 2.00 citric acid 0.23 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 3.00 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.85 common salt 1.63 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 8 Shaving product Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 11.00 Sodium cocoamphopropionate 4.00 citric acid 0.25 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 3.00 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.85 common salt 1.63 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 9 Cleansing preparation Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphopropionate 6.00 citric acid 0.40 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.83 common salt 0.81 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 10 Hand Wash Product Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 13,00 Disodium cocoyl glutamate 2.00 citric acid 0.65 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.85 common salt 3.25 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 11 Make-up remover Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 11.00 Disodium cocoyl glutamate 4.00 citric acid 1.40 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.90 common salt 3.25 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 12 Hand Wash Product Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Disodium cocoyl glutamate 6.00 citric acid 3.25 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 1.00 common salt 3.25 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 13 Basis for Antibacterial Body Cleansing Gel Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 13,00 Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 2.00 citric acid 0.30 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.93 common salt 3.25 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 14 Basis for antibacterial hand cleansing gel Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 11.00 Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 4.00 citric acid 0.38 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 3.00 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 1.10 common salt 3.25 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 15 Basis for antibacterial shaving product Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 6.00 citric acid 0.60 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 1.10 common salt 3.25 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 16 Cleansing Gel Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 13,00 Disodium cocoyl glutamate 2.00 citric acid 0.65 Coco caprylate / caprate 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 1.00 common salt 1.63 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 17 Cleansing Gel Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 13,00 Disodium cocoyl glutamate 2.00 citric acid 0.67 Paraffinum liquidum 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 1.25 common salt 1.63 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 18 Bathing preparation Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.20 Paraffinum liquidum 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.80 common salt 0.50 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 19 Hand Wash Product Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.20 Coco-caprylate / caprate 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.80 common salt 0.35 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 20 Makeup Remover Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.60 Paraffinum liquidum 4.00 dicaprylyl 4.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.75 common salt 0.50 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 21 Bathing preparation Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.20 Paraffinum liquidum 4.00 Coco-caprylate / caprate 4.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.75 common salt 0.50 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 22 Foaming Shower Gel Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.30 dicaprylyl 2.00 Glyceryl linoleate 1.00 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.30 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 23 Shampoo Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.20 Paraffinum liquidum 2.00 Glyceryl linoleate 1.00 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.30 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 24 Foaming Shower Gel Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.20 Paraffinum liquidum 2.00 Glyceryl isostearate 1.00 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.30 Example 25 Shampoo Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.20 Paraffinum liquidum 2.0 sorbitan 1.00 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.30 Example 26 Low-viscosity preparation (eg impregnation medium for cloths, fabrics) Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 11.00 Cocamidopropyl betaine 4.22 citric acid 12:25 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 common salt 1.70 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 27 Liquid Soap Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.20 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 common salt 0.50 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 28 Liquid bath preparation Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 11.00 Disodium cocoyl glutamate 4.00 citric acid 1.40 dicaprylyl 8.00 Glyceryl linoleate 2.50 glycerin 5.00 common salt 3.25 antioxidants qs preservative qs water ad 100,000 Example 29 Foaming Shower Gel Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.30 Cetearyl isononoate 2.00 Glyceryl isostearate 1.00 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.30 Example 30 Foaming Shower Gel Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.20 Isopropyl palmitate 2.00 Glyceryl isostearate 1.00 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.30 Example 31 Foaming product or cloth watering medium Wt .-% Sodium laureth sulfate 9.00 Sodium cocoamphoacetate 6.00 citric acid 1.20 Ethyl hexyl cocoate 2.00 Glyceryl isostearate 1.00 glycerin 5.00 PEG-150 distearate 0.30

All listed examples illustrate the cheapness of the inventive oil-containing microemulsion gels or microemulsions and cleaning products containing them.

Claims (22)

Process for the preparation of oily, transparent microemulsions by the combination of a) a primary surfactant selected from lauryl ether sulfate and / or lauryl sulfate, b) one or more cosurfactants, c) one or more W / O emulsifiers, d) one or more liquid and / or or solidifying oil phases, and f) adding up to 4% by weight of salts, characterized in that the total surfactant content ranges from 1 to 30% by weight and the primary / cosurfactant ratio ranges from 14: 1 to Is set to 1:14 and the oil component d) is selected from the group of esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxyalkanecarboxylic acids having a chain length of 1 to 44 carbon atoms and saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alcohols of a chain length of 1 to 44 carbon atoms, from the group of esters of aromatic carboxylic acids and saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and nd or unbranched alcohols of a chain length of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, provided that the oil component or the entirety of the oil components at room temperature represent a liquid selected from the group of branched and unbranched hydrocarbons, lanolins, adipic acid esters, butylene glycol diesters, dialkyl ethers or carbonates, the group of saturated or unsaturated branched alcohols, fatty acid triglycerides, olive oil , Sunflower oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, almond oil, palm oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, dicapylyl carbonate, dicaprylyl ether, paraffin oil, coco caprylate / caprate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, octyldodecanol, butyloctyl salicylate and / or diethylhexylnaphthalate. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a thickener is added. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that foaming microemulsions are obtained. Process according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the total surfactant content is 25% by weight. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of W / O emulsifier in the range 0.1-25 wt .-% based on the total preparation. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oil components in the range of 1 to 50 wt .-%, preferably between 1 to 40 wt .-%, based on the total preparation. Process for the preparation of microemulsions according to one of the preceding claims by the combination of a) 15% by weight total surfactant content, b) 0.001-2.5% by weight of one or more W / O emulsifiers, c) 1-15 wt .-% of one or more oil phases is selected. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cosurfactant is selected from betaines, amphoacetate, cocoamphopropionate, glutamate, acylamino acids and their salts, acyl peptides, sarcosinates, taurates, acyl lactylates, alaninates, arginates, valinates, prolinates, glycinate, aspartates, propionates, Carboxylic acids, ester carboxylic acids, ether carboxylic acids, sodium PEG-7 olive oil carboxylate, phosphoric acid esters and salts, acyl isethionates, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfate, alkyl sulfates, sodium alkyl sulfates, alkylamines, alkylimidazoles, ethoxylated amines, quaternary surfactants, esterquats, alkylbetaine , Alkylamidopropylbetaine, alkyl-amidopropylhydroxysulfaine, benzyltrialkylammonium chlorides or bromides, alkyltrialkylammonium salts, alkyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium chlorides or bromides, dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides or bromides, dialkylethoxylate dimethylammonium chlorides or bromides, alkylamidethyltrimethylammonium ether sulfates, Alkylpyridinium salts, cetyltrimethylammonium salts, acyl / dialkylethylenediamines, disodium acylamphodipropionate, disodium alkylamphodiacetate, sodium acylamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, disodium acylamphodiacetate and sodium acylamphopropionate, and / or N-alkylamino acids. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cosurfactant is selected from betaine, amphoacetate, cocoamphopropionate, glutamate and / or sarcosinate. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emulsifier is selected from glyceryl lanolate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monoisostearate, glyceryl linoleate, glyceryl monooleate, diglyceryl monostearate, Diglycerylmonoisostearat, diglyceryl diisostearate, propylene glycol monostearate, propylene glycol monoisostearate, Propylenglycoldiisostearat, sorbitan, sucrose distearate, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, Isobehenyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl glycerol ether, selachyl alcohol, chimyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol (2) stearyl ether (steareth-2), glyceryl monolaurate, glyceryl monocaprinate, glyceryl monocaprylate, glyceryl sorbitan stearate, polyglyceryl-4 isostearate, polyglyceryl-2-sesquiisostearate, PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-40 sorbitan perisostearate , Isostearyl diglyceryl succinate, PEG-5 cholesteryl ether, triglycerol diisostearate, PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate, decaglyceryl heptaoleate, polyglyceryl-3-diisostearate, PEG-8 distearate and / or Diglycerindipolyhydroxystearat. Method according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the emulsifier is a lipophilic co-emulsifier selected from Glycerinester, propylene glycol esters, sorbitan low ethoxylated glycerides, diglycerides or triglycerides. Process according to Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that ester oils are selected from the group cetearyl isononanoate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, ethylhexyl cocoate, 2-ethylhexyl laurate, 2-ethyl hexypalmitate, decyl oleate, octyl isostearate and / or isotridecyl isonononate as the oil phase. Method according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 12, characterized in that as thickeners associative and / or non-associative thickeners and / or cationic polymers are added. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that additionally waxes can be added, selected from the group of esters of saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alkanecarboxylic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids having a chain length of 1 to 80 carbon atoms and saturated and / or or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alcohols having a chain length of 1 to 80 carbon atoms, from the group consisting of esters of aromatic carboxylic acids and saturated and / or unsaturated, branched and / or unbranched alcohols having a chain length of 1 to 80 carbon atoms the wax component or all of the wax components at room temperature constitute a solid, the natural waxes, the diesters of polyols and C10-C80 fatty acids, the ethoxylated waxes, the triglyceride waxes, the C16-C60 fatty acids and / or C16-C80 fatty alcohols, the mineral oil waxes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that additionally added antioxidants in a proportion of 0.001 to 30 wt .-%, more preferably 0.001-20 wt .-%, in particular 0.001-10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the preparation can be. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that conventional cosmetic or dermatological substances, such as dyes, pigments, powders, hydrophilic and / or lipophilic active ingredients, deodorants, light stabilizers and / or other auxiliaries can be added. Oil-containing microemulsions obtainable by a process according to any one of the preceding claims. Oil-containing and foamable microemulsions obtainable by a process according to one of Claims 2 to 17. Cosmetic cleaners based on oily microemulsions according to one of claims 17 or 18. Use of microemulsions according to any one of claims 17, 18 or 19 as shower gels, shampoos, cleansing preparations, hand washing products, bath preparations, make-up remover or shaving products. Use of microemulsions according to one of Claims 17, 18 or 19 as impregnation medium for cloths and / or fabrics. Use of microemulsions according to one of claims 17, 18 or 19 from a donor, in particular a pump oamer.