DE10154221A1 - Agent for the treatment of lesions of the nervous system - Google Patents
Agent for the treatment of lesions of the nervous systemInfo
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- DE10154221A1 DE10154221A1 DE10154221A DE10154221A DE10154221A1 DE 10154221 A1 DE10154221 A1 DE 10154221A1 DE 10154221 A DE10154221 A DE 10154221A DE 10154221 A DE10154221 A DE 10154221A DE 10154221 A1 DE10154221 A1 DE 10154221A1
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- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
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- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/575—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of three or more carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, ergosterol, sitosterol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
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- C12N15/52—Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Mittel zur Behandlung von Läsionen des Nervensystems unter Verwendung von Verfahren, welche den Steroid-Gehalt von Nervenzellen beeinflussen. Ziel der Erfindung ist die Erhöhung der Überlebensrate von Nervenzellen und die Regeneration von synaptischen Verbindungen nach Läsionen des Nervensystems und die Verwendung von am Steroid-Stoffwechsel beteiligten Komponenten im Nervensystem zur Diagnose von Läsionen. Anwendungsgebiet der Erfindung ist die Medizin und die pharmazeutische Industrie. The invention relates to agents for the treatment of lesions of the nervous system using methods that affect the steroid content of nerve cells. The aim of the invention is to increase the survival rate of nerve cells and the Regeneration of synaptic connections after lesions of the nervous system and the Use of components involved in steroid metabolism in the nervous system Diagnosis of lesions. Field of application of the invention is medicine and Pharmaceutical Industry.
Läsionen des peripheren oder zentralen Nervensystems gehören zu den schwerwiegendsten Gesundheitsschädigungen, denn sie führen zu pflege- und kostenintensiven körperlichen und geistigen Behinderungen; in vielen Altersgruppen der Bevölkerung stellen sie die häufigste Todesursache dar. Läsionen können durch eine Vielzahl von Ursachen ausgelöst werden, darunter Tumore, Hirn- oder Rückenmarksverletzungen (z. B. Querschnittslähmung), Ausfall der Blut- und Sauerstoffversorgung des Gehirns infolge von Herzstillstand, Arteriosklerosen oder Thrombosen (Schlaganfall), sowie Störungen des Stoffwechsels (Alzheimer, Parkinson) oder des Immunsystems (multiple Sklerose). Diese Auslöser führen zu einer Zerstörung synaptischer Verbindungen, zum Absterben von Nervenzellen und schliesslich zum Ausfall bestimmter Hirn- oder Rückenmarksfunktionen. Diese Ausfälle sind weitgehend irreparabel, da synaptische Verbindungen und Nervenzellen nur in sehr beschränktem Ausmaß wiederhergestellt und ersetzt werden können (Bansil S., Cook S. D., Rohowsky-Kochan C. (1995) Multiple sclerosis: immune mechanism and update on current therapies. Annals of Neurology 37 Suppl. 1, 87-101; Schwab M. E., Bartholdi D. (1996) Degeneration and regeneration of axons in the lesioned spinal cord. Physiological Reviews 76, 319-370; Shoulson I. (1998) Experimental therapeutics of neurodegenerative disorders: unmet needs. Science 282, 1072-1074). Lesions of the peripheral or central nervous system are among the most serious Damage to health, because they lead to physical and physical care and cost-intensive intellectual disabilities; they are the most common in many age groups of the population Cause of death. Lesions can be triggered by a variety of causes, including tumors, brain or spinal cord injuries (e.g. paraplegia), failure the blood and oxygen supply to the brain due to cardiac arrest, arteriosclerosis or thrombosis (stroke), as well as metabolic disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's) or the immune system (multiple sclerosis). These triggers lead to destruction synaptic connections, nerve cell death and ultimately failure certain brain or spinal cord functions. These failures are largely irreparable, because synaptic connections and nerve cells only to a very limited extent can be restored and replaced (Bansil S., Cook S. D., Rohowsky-Kochan C. (1995) Multiple sclerosis: immune mechanism and update on current therapies. Annals of Neurology 37 Suppl. 1, 87-101; Schwab M.E., Bartholdi D. (1996) Degeneration and regeneration of axons in the lesioned spinal cord. Physiological Reviews 76, 319-370; Shoulson I. (1998) Experimental therapeutics of neurodegenerative disorders: unmet needs. Science 282, 1072-1074).
Eine wirksame Behandlung von Läsionen muß darauf abzielen, zunächst den Verlust an Neuronen zu verhindern und dann korrekte synaptische Verbindungen wiederherzustellen. Bislang sind solche Methoden jedoch nicht verfügbar. Die Erfindung hatte deshalb die Aufgabe, solche Methoden zu entwickeln. Effective treatment of lesions must aim at the loss first Prevent neurons and then restore correct synaptic connections. However, such methods are not yet available. The invention therefore had the Task to develop such methods.
Die Erfindung wird gemäß den Ansprüchen realisiert. Die wesentliche Basis der Erfindung bildet die Entdeckung, daß Nervenzellen selbst nur unzureichende Mengen an Cholesterin synthetisieren, und dass ihr Überleben und Wachstum ganz entscheidend von der externen Versorgung mit diesem Molekül abhängig ist. Das Gehirn kann das im Blut enthaltene Cholesterin nicht aufnehmen, da die Lipoproteine, welche das Cholesterin transportieren, die Blut-Hirn Schranke nicht passieren können. Daher muss das im Gehirn enthaltene Cholesterin auch dort selbst synthetisiert und verteilt werden. Grosse Mengen an Cholesterin werden von speziellen Zelltypen der sogenannten Neuroglia, nämlich Astrozyten und Oligodendrozyten, synthetisiert und dann in Form von Lipoprotein Komplexen abgegeben. Die Nervenzellen nehmen diese Komplexe über Rezeptoren auf und inkorporieren das darin enthaltene Cholesterin in ihren Stoffwechsel [Danik et al. (1999) Crit. Rev. Neurobiol 13: 357-407]. The invention is implemented according to the claims. The essential basis of the invention makes the discovery that nerve cells themselves have insufficient amounts of cholesterol synthesize, and that their survival and growth are crucial from the external Supply with this molecule is dependent. The brain can do that in the blood Do not ingest cholesterol because the lipoproteins that carry the cholesterol carry the Blood-brain barrier cannot pass. Hence the cholesterol contained in the brain can also be synthesized and distributed there. Large amounts of cholesterol are from special cell types of the so-called neuroglia, namely astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, synthesized and then released in the form of lipoprotein complexes. The nerve cells take up these complexes via receptors and incorporate the contained therein Cholesterol in their metabolism [Danik et al. (1999) Crit. Rev. Neurobiol 13: 357-407].
Das Absterben von Nervenzellen und von deren Fortsätzen und der damit einhergehende Verlust von synaptischen Verbindungen in Folge von Hirnläsionen kann dadurch zustande kommen, dass die Versorgung der Nervenzellen mit Cholesterin oder Steroiden allgemein zusammenbricht oder dass den Nervenzellen sogar Cholesterin entzogen wird, beispielsweise durch Überproduktion von Cholesterin-bindenden Proteinen wie Apolipoprotein. The death of nerve cells and their processes and the associated This can result in loss of synaptic connections as a result of brain lesions that come supplying the nerve cells with cholesterol or steroids in general collapses or even cholesterol is removed from the nerve cells, for example through overproduction of cholesterol-binding proteins such as apolipoprotein.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind daher Mittel und therapeutische Verfahren, welche den Cholesterin-Gehalt von Nervenzellen beeinflussen, und welche damit zur Regeneration von Nervenzellen und deren Verbindungen verwendet werden können. The invention therefore relates to agents and therapeutic methods which Affect cholesterol content of nerve cells, and which thus for the regeneration of Nerve cells and their connections can be used.
Moleküle, welche den Cholesterin-Gehalt von Nervenzellen kontrollieren, darunter Cholesterin-synthetisierende Enzyme, Apolipoproteine und Lipoprotein-Rezeptoren, stellen selbst diagnostische und/oder therapeutische Substanzen dar oder dienen erfindungsgemäß auch als Targets zur Suche nach neuen diagnostisch oder therapeutisch wirksamen Substanzen. Molecules that control cholesterol levels in nerve cells, including Cholesterol-synthesizing enzymes, apolipoproteins and lipoprotein receptors themselves represent diagnostic and / or therapeutic substances or serve according to the invention also as targets for the search for new diagnostically or therapeutically effective Substances.
Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung die Verwendung der am Cholesterin-Stoffwechsel beteiligten Proteine und deren Nukleinsäuren als Ausgangsbasis zur Entwicklung spezifischer und wirkungsvoller Diagnostika und Therapeutika. Diese Proteine und Nukleinsäuren werden zum Aufbau von Genen und Vektoren eingesetzt, die die Basis für die Entwicklung solcher pharmazeutisch relevanten Substanzen darstellen. Somit betrifft die Erfindung auch Vektoren und Plasmide, die eine DNA enthalten, welche den Cholesterin-Stoffwechsel beeinflussende Proteine kodieren, und pro- oder eukaryotische Wirtszellen, die diese Vektoren enthalten. The invention also relates to the use of cholesterol metabolism involved proteins and their nucleic acids as a basis for the development of specific and effective diagnostics and therapeutics. These proteins and nucleic acids are used to build genes and vectors that are the basis for the development of such represent pharmaceutically relevant substances. The invention thus also relates to vectors and plasmids containing DNA that affect cholesterol metabolism Encode proteins, and pro- or eukaryotic host cells that contain these vectors.
Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung weiterhin monoklonale und polyklonale Antikörper, die gegen die am Cholesterin-Stoffwechsel beteiligten Komponenten gerichtet sind, und die sich zum Nachweis und/oder zur Behandlung von Läsionen des Zentralnervensystems eignen. In addition, the invention further relates to monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies which are directed against the components involved in the cholesterol metabolism, and that suitable for the detection and / or treatment of lesions of the central nervous system.
Die Diagnostika gemäß der Erfindung eignen sich zur Bestimmung von Krankheitsdispositionen, wie z. B. von Tumoren, Hirn- oder Rückenmarkserkrankungen, Arteriosklerose, Alzheimer Krankheit, Parkinsonismus und multipler Sklerose. The diagnostics according to the invention are suitable for the determination of Disease dispositions such as B. tumors, brain or spinal cord diseases, Arteriosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism and multiple sclerosis.
Therapeutika im Sinne der Erfindung enthalten vorzugsweise Komponenten, welche die Versorgung der Nervenzellen mit Cholesterin beeinflussen, vorzugsweise erhöhen. Therapeutics in the sense of the invention preferably contain components which Affect the supply of nerve cells with cholesterol, preferably increase.
Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend erläutert werden.
- 1. Nervenzellen aus dem Hippokampus der Maus und der Retina von Ratten wurden durch sogenannte Immunopanning-Verfahren von anderen Zellen abgetrennt [Barres et al. (1988) Neuron 1: 791-803], auf Kulturschalen ausplattiert und dann in einem Kulturmedium definierter Zusammensetzung [Nägler et al. (2001) J. Physiol. 533: 665-679], aber ohne Zugabe von Cholesterin, kultiviert. Nach circa zwei Wochen wurde ihre Überlebensrate mit Hilfe von MTT-Tests und die Präsenz von funktionellen Synapsen durch elektrophysiologische Ganz-Zell Ableitungen bestimmt. Dabei stellte es sich heraus, dass hippokampale Nervenzellen in diesem Medium zur zu 16% überleben, während retinale Ganglienzellen zwar überleben, aber nur sehr wenige von Synapsen erzeugte elektrische Signale zeigen.
- 2. Die Behandlung der Kulturen mit Glia-konditioniertem Medium (GKM), welches von Gliazellen sezernierte lösliche Faktoren enthält, erhöhte die Überlebensrate der hippokampalen Zellen um das fünf-fache auf 80% und steigerte die Frequenz spontaner postsynaptischer Ströme in retinalen Ganglionzellen um das 70-fache.
- 3. Die bei der Erarbeitung der Erfindung durchgeführten Tests zeigten, daß die Zugabe von Cholesterin (1 : 1000 einer ethanolischen Stammlösung, Endkonz. 10 µg/ml) allein das Überleben der Nervenzellen aus dem Hippocampus unterstützt und die spontane synaptische Aktivität in retinalen Ganglienzellen steigert.
- 4. Die Verminderung der Cholesterin-Konzentration im GKM durch Mevastatin (1 : 1000 einer ethanolischen Stammlösung, Endkonz. 10 µM) den Effekt von GKM auf die retinalen Ganglienzellen abschwächt.
- 1. Nerve cells from the mouse hippocampus and the retina of rats were separated from other cells by so-called immunopanning methods [Barres et al. (1988) Neuron 1: 791-803], plated on culture dishes and then in a culture medium of defined composition [Nägler et al. (2001) J. Physiol. 533: 665-679], but without the addition of cholesterol. After about two weeks, their survival rate was determined using MTT tests and the presence of functional synapses using electrophysiological whole-cell recordings. It was found that hippocampal nerve cells survive up to 16% in this medium, while retinal ganglion cells survive, but show very few electrical signals generated by synapses.
- 2. Treatment of the cultures with glia-conditioned medium (GKM), which contains soluble factors secreted by glial cells, increased the survival rate of the hippocampal cells by a factor of five to 80% and increased the frequency of spontaneous postsynaptic currents in retinal ganglion cells by a factor of 70 fold.
- 3. The tests carried out in the development of the invention showed that the addition of cholesterol (1: 1000 of an ethanolic stock solution, final concentration 10 µg / ml) alone supports the survival of the nerve cells from the hippocampus and increases the spontaneous synaptic activity in retinal ganglion cells ,
- 4. The reduction of the cholesterol concentration in the GKM by mevastatin (1: 1000 of an ethanolic stock solution, final conc. 10 µM) weakens the effect of GKM on the retinal ganglion cells.
Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß das Überleben und das Wachstum von Nervenzellen auf die Zugabe von exogenem Cholesterin angewiesen sind, und daß somit durch Beeinflussung des Cholesterin- oder Steroid-Stoffwechsels das Absterben von Neuronen und die Zerstörung von synaptischen Verbindungen unter pathologischen Bedingungen behandelt werden können. These results show that the survival and growth of nerve cells on the Addition of exogenous cholesterol are dependent, and that by influencing the Cholesterol or steroid metabolism, the death of neurons and the destruction of synaptic connections can be treated under pathological conditions.
Die Erfindung wird weiterhin durch eine Abbildung erläutert. The invention is further illustrated by an illustration.
Abbildung: a, Überlebensraten von gereinigten hippokampalen Neuronen under verschiedenen Kulturbedingungen. Schwarze Balken, NB-: serum-freies Medium (Neurobasal mit B27, beide von Gibco/Invitrogen). Graue Balken: NB+ wie NB-, zusätzlich angereichert mit Wachstumsfaktoren und Medienzusätzen. Weisse Balken: wie NB+, zusätzlich angereichert mit löslichen Faktoren aus Gliazellen enhalten in Glia-Konditioniertem Medium (GKM). Die Überlebensraten wurden mit dem sogenannten MTT-Test bestimmt zu den angegebenen Zeiten nach Ausplattieren der Zellen. Die anfängliche Überlebensrate war hoch (n = 3 Präparationen), aber nur sehr wenige Zellen überleben nach fünf Tagen (n = 3). Nach 12 Tagen konnten keine lebenden Neurone gefunden werden (n = 3). Zusätzliche Faktoren im NB+ erhöhten die Überlebensrate (n = 3), aber langfristige Kultivierung war nur in Gegenwart von GKM möglich (n = 3). Figure: a, Survival rates of purified hippocampal neurons under different culture conditions. Black bars, NB - : serum-free medium (Neurobasal with B27, both from Gibco / Invitrogen). Gray bars: NB + like NB - , additionally enriched with growth factors and media additions. White bars: like NB + , additionally enriched with soluble factors from glial cells contained in glia-conditioned medium (GKM). The survival rates were determined with the so-called MTT test at the times indicated after plating out the cells. The initial survival rate was high (n = 3 preparations), but very few cells survive after five days (n = 3). No living neurons were found after 12 days (n = 3). Additional factors in NB + increased survival (n = 3), but long-term cultivation was only possible in the presence of GKM (n = 3).
b, oben: Überlebensrate nach 12 Tagen in NB+ angereichert mit verschiedenen Cholesterin Konzentrationen. Unten: Cholesterin verstärkt die Überlebensrate sogar in Abwesenheit von Wachstumsfaktoren (NB+/-GF + chol). b, top: survival rate after 12 days in NB + enriched with different cholesterol concentrations. Bottom: Cholesterol increases survival even in the absence of growth factors (NB + / -GF + chol).
c, Phasen-Kontrast Aufnahmen von Neuronen, welche in NB+ (links), NB+ mit GKM (Mitte) oder in NB+ mit Cholesterin (5 µg ml-1) (rechts) kultiviert wurden. Nach 5 Tagen in NB- zeigen Neuriten klare Anzeichen von Degeneration. In Gegenwart von GKM oder Cholesterin sehen die Neuriten sogar nach 10 Tage in Kultur noch gesund aus. c, phase contrast images of neurons which were cultivated in NB + (left), NB + with GKM (middle) or in NB + with cholesterol (5 µg ml -1 ) (right). After 5 days in NB-, neurites show clear signs of degeneration. In the presence of GKM or cholesterol, the neurites still look healthy even after 10 days in culture.
d, Spontane synaptische Aktivität in einem Neuron, welches für 10 Tage in Gegenwart von Cholesterin kultiviert wurde. Die Ableitungen wurden mit der sogenannten patch-clamp Technik bei einem Haltepotential von -70 mV durchgeführt. Der Einschub zeigt spontane, aus- und einwärts gerichtete synaptische Ströme, die bei einem Haltepotential von -40 mV abgeleitet wurden. Diese Ströme zeigen die Präsenz von inhibitorischen und erregenden Synapsen an. d, Spontaneous synaptic activity in a neuron that is present for 10 days in the presence of Cholesterol has been cultivated. The derivations were made using the so-called patch clamp Technology carried out at a holding potential of -70 mV. The inset shows spontaneous, outward and inward directed synaptic currents, which with a holding potential of -40 mV were derived. These currents show the presence of inhibitory and arousing Synapses.
Claims (22)
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| DE10154221A DE10154221A1 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2001-11-07 | Agent for the treatment of lesions of the nervous system |
| PCT/DE2002/004140 WO2003039555A2 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2002-11-07 | Agents for treating lesions of the nervous system |
| EP02787354A EP1443941A2 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2002-11-07 | Agents for treating lesions of the nervous system |
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| JPS5948421A (en) * | 1982-09-13 | 1984-03-19 | Yamanouchi Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Antilipemic agent |
| GB9300125D0 (en) * | 1993-01-06 | 1993-03-03 | Scotia Holdings Plc | Compositions containing esters of unsaturated fatty acids |
| DE4338314C1 (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1995-03-30 | Jenapharm Gmbh | Pharmaceutical preparations for the prophylaxis and therapy of radical-mediated cell damage |
| AR010336A1 (en) * | 1996-12-09 | 2000-06-07 | Wyeth Corp | USE OF 17 ALPHA-DIHYDROEKYLENINE OR A PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALT OF 17-ALPHA-DIHYDROEKYLENINE-3-SULPHATE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A USEFUL MEDICINAL PRODUCT TO INHIBIT OR TREAT PATHOLOGIES INDUCED BY FREE RADICALS AND A COMPOSITION. |
| US5985936A (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-11-16 | Forbes Medi-Tech, Inc. | Method of preventing and delaying onset of Alzheimer's disease and composition therefor |
| KR20020028876A (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2002-04-17 | 추후제출 | Steroid derivatives |
| AU2001268361A1 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-21 | Saint Louis University | Method of modulating expression of ldl-receptor-related protein and uses thereof |
| US20020077317A1 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-06-20 | Das Undurti Narasimha | Method of potentating the action of 2-methoxyoestradiol, statins and C-peptide of proinsulin |
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