DE10111111A1 - Method of making a plate armored against shelling and splinters - Google Patents
Method of making a plate armored against shelling and splintersInfo
- Publication number
- DE10111111A1 DE10111111A1 DE10111111A DE10111111A DE10111111A1 DE 10111111 A1 DE10111111 A1 DE 10111111A1 DE 10111111 A DE10111111 A DE 10111111A DE 10111111 A DE10111111 A DE 10111111A DE 10111111 A1 DE10111111 A1 DE 10111111A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- hard material
- protective layer
- carrier plate
- armored
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0421—Ceramic layers in combination with metal layers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer gegen Beschuß und Splitter gepanzerten Platte aus einer metallenen Trägerplatte, auf der eine Schutzschicht aus einem Haftstoff unter Anwendung von Wärme festhaftend aufgebracht wird.The invention relates to a method for producing a armored plate against shelling and splinters from a metal carrier plate, on which a protective layer is made an adhesive using heat is applied.
Verfahren zum Herstellen von gepanzerten Platten dieser und auch ähnlicher Art sind bekannt. Solche Platten dienen zur Verkleidung von Fahrzeugen oder als tragbare Schutzschilde oder dergleichen für Personen. Die metallene Trägerplatte kann aus Stahl oder einem Leichtmetall, insbesondere Titan, bestehen. Titan als leichtgewichtiger Werkstoff wird als Trägerplatte bevorzugt, weil es bei den vorgenannten Anwendungsgebieten auf ein geringes Gewicht ankommt. Hinzu kommt, daß ein Blech aus Titan eine hohe Duktilität hat, was sich vorteilhaft hinsichtlich des Aufprallschutzes insofern auswirkt, als es die hohe kinetische Energie von Geschossen oder Splittern zumindest teilweise durch entsprechende Verformung der Platte absorbiert. Process for making armored plates of them and also of a similar kind are known. Such records serve to cover vehicles or as portable Protective shields or the like for people. The metal carrier plate can be made of steel or a Light metal, especially titanium, exist. Titan as lightweight material is used as the carrier plate preferred because it is in the aforementioned Areas of application where light weight matters. In addition, a sheet made of titanium has a high ductility has what is advantageous in terms of Impact protection insofar as it affects the high kinetic energy from projectiles or fragments at least partially by corresponding deformation of the Plate absorbed.
Bei einem bekannten Verfahren zum Herstellen einer gegen Beschuß und Splitter gepanzerten Platte (EP 0322 719 A1) werden vorgefertigte Hartstoffkacheln verwendet, die der Form der Trägerplatte angepaßt sind. Diese Hartstoffkacheln können auf verschiedene Art und Weise mit der Trägerplatte verbunden werden, z. B. durch Kleben, Löten, Schweißen oder durch mechanische Befestigungsmittel. Es versteht sich, daß die Herstellung einer solchen gepanzerten Trägerplatte wegen der Vielzahl der einzeln zu befestigenden Hartstoffkacheln aufwendig ist.In a known method for producing a counter Shelling and splinter armored plate (EP 0322 719 A1) prefabricated hard material tiles are used, which the Shape of the support plate are adapted. This Hard material tiles can be done in different ways be connected to the support plate, e.g. B. by gluing, Soldering, welding or by mechanical Fasteners. It is understood that the manufacture such an armored support plate because of the variety of the individually fixable hard material tiles is complex is.
Bei einem anderen bekannten Verfahren (US-PS 3 804 034) sind auf einer Trägerplatte aus Reintitan verschiedene Schichten aufgebracht, von denen die äußere Schicht ausschließlich aus Hartstoff besteht, während die darunter liegenden Schichten aus Hartstoff und einem zunehmenden Anteil aus Titan bestehen. Die Herstellung eines solchen Schichtaufbaus erfolgt in der Weise, daß auf eine in eine Form eingebrachte Trägerplatte die verschiedenen Pulverschichten aufgebracht werden. Anschließend wird dieser in die Form eingebrachte Schichtaufbau unter Anwendung von Wärme mit Temperaturen von über 1000°C druckbeaufschlagt (Heißpressen). Wegen der an der Trägerplatte aus Reintitan angrenzenden, einen hohen Titananteil enthaltenden unteren Pulverschicht entsteht dabei eine fest haftende Verbindung zwischen der Trägerplatte und der Hartstoffbeschichtung. Nachteilig bei diesem Verfahren ist die aufwendige Herstellung, die gleichzeitig hohe Preßkräfte und hohe Temperaturen verlangt. Hinzu kommt, daß für unterschiedlich geformte Trägerplatten unterschiedliche Formen bereitgestellt sein müssen. Sehr großflächige Formbauteile sind so kaum herstellbar.Another known method (U.S. Patent 3,804,034) are different on a carrier plate made of pure titanium Layers applied, the outer layer of which consists exclusively of hard material, while the underlying layers of hard material and a increasing proportion consist of titanium. The production Such a layer structure takes place in such a way that on a carrier plate placed in a mold different layers of powder can be applied. Then it is placed in the mold Layer structure using heat with temperatures pressurized at over 1000 ° C (hot pressing). Because of of those adjacent to the pure titanium carrier plate, one lower titanium layer containing a high proportion of titanium this creates a firmly adhering connection between the Carrier plate and the hard material coating. adversely in this process, the complex manufacture is the high press forces and high temperatures at the same time required. Add to that for differently shaped Carrier plates can be provided in different shapes have to. There are hardly any very large molded parts produced.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer gepanzerten Platte der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das mit vergleichsweise geringem verfahrenstechnischem Aufwand das Aufbringen der Schutzschicht aus Hartstoff auf einer Trägerplatte auch bei unterschiedlichen Formen der Trägerplatte ermöglicht. Darüber hinaus soll sich eine sehr gute Verbindung zwischen der Schutzschicht aus Hartstoff und der metallenen Trägerplatte ergeben, die eine geringfügige nachträgliche Umformung der gepanzerten Platte zuläßt, ohne daß dabei die Schutzschicht abplatzt.The invention has for its object a method to make an armored plate of the beginning mentioned type to create that with comparative low procedural effort the application of Protective layer made of hard material on a carrier plate too allows for different shapes of the carrier plate. In addition, there should be a very good connection between the protective layer of hard material and the metal support plate result in a slight permits subsequent reshaping of the armored plate, without the protective layer flaking off.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß der Hartstoff mittels eines Hochgeschwindigkeitsbeschichtungsverfahrens als erwärmte Partikel aufgebracht wird.This task is initiated in a procedure mentioned type in that the hard material by means of a high speed coating process as heated particles is applied.
Die Erfindung basiert auf der Erkenntnis, daß es für eine gute Haftung der Schutzschicht an der Trägerplatte und einen guten inneren Zusammenhalt der Schutzschicht darauf ankommt, daß der Hartstoff in Partikelform - sei es, daß er als Pulver vorliegt, sei es, daß er beim Auftragen in Partikel zerlegt wird - unter gleichzeitiger Anwendung von Wärme und hoher kinetischer Energie aufgebracht wird, ohne daß dafür auch eine hohe Erwärmung der metallenen Trägerplatte nötig ist. Im Ergebnis erhält man dann eine diffusionsfreie, vollflächige formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der Schutzschicht und der Trägerplatte, da diese an ihrer Oberfläche eine für den Formschluß günstige, natürliche rauhe Mikrostruktur hat. Diese Mikrostruktur reicht für die formschlüssige dauerhafte Verbindung aus, die auch eine geringfügige Verformung der gepanzerten Platte erlaubt, ohne daß Teile der Schutzschicht abplatzen. Diese Eigenschaft wirkt sich auch vorteilhaft bei einem Mehrfachbeschuß ein- und desselben Bereichs der gepanzerten Platte aus.The invention is based on the finding that it is for a good adhesion of the protective layer to the carrier plate and good internal cohesion of the protective layer on it arrives that the hard material in particle form - be it that it is in powder form, be it that when applied in Particle is broken down - with simultaneous use of heat and high kinetic energy, without high heating of the metal Carrier plate is necessary. The result is then one Diffusion-free, full-surface positive connection between the protective layer and the carrier plate, since this on its surface a favorable form fit has natural rough microstructure. This microstructure is sufficient for the positive permanent connection, which is also a slight deformation of the armored Plate allowed without parts of the protective layer flake off. This property also has an advantageous effect with multiple bombardment of one and the same area of the armored plate.
Da eine nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellte gepanzerte Platte aber nur eine geringfügige nachträgliche Umformung erlaubt, wird in den Fällen, in denen die Platte ein Formbauteil sein soll, die Trägerplatte vor ihrer Beschichtung umgeformt.Since a manufactured according to the inventive method armored plate but only a minor one subsequent forming is permitted, in cases in which the plate should be a molded part, the Formed carrier plate before coating.
Für das Hochgeschwindigkeitsbeschichtungsverfahren eignen sich verschiedene Verfahren, insbesondere das Hochgeschwindigkeitsflammspritzen (HVOF) oder das Hochgeschwindigkeitsdetonationsverfahren, insbesondere das D-Gun-Verfahren. Beim bekannten HVOP liegt die Partikeltemperatur zwischen ca. 400°C und ca. 3000°C und die Partikelauftreffgeschwindigkeit zwischen ca. 400 m/s und ca. 700 m/s, während sie beim bekannten D-Gun- Verfahren zwischen ca. 500°C und ca. 2500°C und zwischen ca. 625 m/s und ca. 800 m/s liegen. Es versteht sich, auch andere Verfahren mit ähnlichen Partikeltemperaturen und Partikelgeschwindigkeiten geeignet sind.Suitable for the high-speed coating process different procedures, especially that High speed flame spraying (HVOF) or that High speed detonation methods, in particular the D-Gun process. The well-known HVOP is Particle temperature between approx. 400 ° C and approx. 3000 ° C and the particle impact speed between approx. 400 m / s and about 700 m / s, while in the well-known D-Gun Process between approx. 500 ° C and approx. 2500 ° C and between approx. 625 m / s and approx. 800 m / s. It goes without saying other processes with similar particle temperatures and particle speeds are suitable.
Sofern das Einsatzgebiet der gepanzerten Platte neben einem hohen Schutz gegen Beschuß und Splitter auch ein geringes Gewicht erforderlich macht, kann die Trägerplatte, wie an sich bekannt, aus Reintitan oder einer Titanlegierung bestehen. Der Einsatz einer solchen Trägerplatte bringt dann den weiteren Vorteil mit sich, daß beim Beschuß der gepanzerten Platte diese wegen der Verformbarkeit der Trägerplatte energiedissipierend wirkt. Als Titanlegierung eignet sich insbesondere Ti- 6Al-4V.If the area of application of the armored plate next to a high level of protection against shelling and splinters light weight, the Backing plate, as known per se, from pure titanium or a titanium alloy. The use of such Carrier plate then has the further advantage that when the armored plate is fired at, because of the Deformability of the carrier plate with energy dissipation acts. As a titanium alloy, Ti 6Al-4V.
Das Dickenverhältnis zwischen der metallenen Trägerplatte insbesondere aus Titan oder einer Titanlegierung und der Schutzschicht aus Hartstoff sollte im Bereich zwischen 2 : 1 bis 5 : 1 liegen.The thickness ratio between the metal carrier plate in particular made of titanium or a titanium alloy and the Protective layer of hard material should be in the area between 2: 1 to 5: 1.
Vorzugsweise wird für die Schutzschicht ein Hartstoff mit über die Dicke unterschiedlicher Härte verwendet, wobei insbesondere die Härte der Schutzschicht an deren Oberfläche am größten ist und in Richtung der Trägerschicht abnimmt. Verfahrenstechnisch am einfachsten läßt sich eine solche Schutzschicht aufbauen, wenn sie aus mehreren Einzelschichten unterschiedlicher Härte besteht. Als Hartstoff werden vorzugsweise Al2O3, TiO2, TIN, TIC oder Mischungen daraus verwendet.A hard material with a hardness that varies over the thickness is preferably used for the protective layer, the hardness of the protective layer in particular being greatest on its surface and decreasing in the direction of the carrier layer. In terms of process engineering, such a protective layer is easiest to build up if it consists of several individual layers of different hardness. Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , TIN, TIC or mixtures thereof are preferably used as the hard material.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10111111A DE10111111C2 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2001-03-08 | Method of making a plate armored against shelling and splinters |
| PCT/EP2002/002379 WO2002070983A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2002-03-05 | Method for producing an armoured plate against bombardment and splinters |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10111111A DE10111111C2 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2001-03-08 | Method of making a plate armored against shelling and splinters |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE10111111A1 true DE10111111A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
| DE10111111C2 DE10111111C2 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
Family
ID=7676704
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10111111A Expired - Fee Related DE10111111C2 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2001-03-08 | Method of making a plate armored against shelling and splinters |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10111111C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002070983A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007005301A1 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-08-07 | Audi Ag | Protective armor for use on side door of passenger car, has bullet proof steel plates which are curved or enclosed at one angle for adjustment to outer body design of vehicle, where one steel plate is strengthened by deposit welding |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2296288C2 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2007-03-27 | ЗАО "ФОРТ Технология" | Multilayered armored obstacle for means of individual protection |
| CN115233135A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-10-25 | 中航装甲科技有限公司 | A kind of titanium alloy bulletproof plate and preparation method thereof |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1119399B (en) * | 1957-10-08 | 1961-12-14 | Reich Robert W | Transistor controlled oscillating armature motor for driving razors |
| DE2162692A1 (en) * | 1971-12-17 | 1973-06-28 | Feldmuehle Anlagen Prod | FLAT-SHAPED PROTECTIVE STRUCTURE |
| US3804034A (en) * | 1972-05-09 | 1974-04-16 | Boride Prod Inc | Armor |
| EP0322719A1 (en) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-07-05 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Composite for protection against armor-piercing projectiles |
| DE3918380A1 (en) * | 1989-06-06 | 1990-12-20 | Starck Hermann C Fa | HIGH-TEMPERATURE COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF |
| DE19846703A1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-13 | Martin Storz | Endosurgical tool, e.g. scissors or pliers, for high-frequency use, e.g. electrocoagulation; has electrically-conducting actuating rods enclosed by insulating body near handles and insulating drive part opening axially into them |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5235895A (en) * | 1991-04-08 | 1993-08-17 | Electronics & Space Corp. | Ballistic armor and method of producing same |
| EP0688886B1 (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1999-03-31 | Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. | A process for producing carbide particles dispersed in a MCrAIY-based coating |
| DE19632598C1 (en) * | 1996-08-13 | 1997-12-11 | Daimler Benz Ag | Multilayer light armour especially for cars |
-
2001
- 2001-03-08 DE DE10111111A patent/DE10111111C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-03-05 WO PCT/EP2002/002379 patent/WO2002070983A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1119399B (en) * | 1957-10-08 | 1961-12-14 | Reich Robert W | Transistor controlled oscillating armature motor for driving razors |
| DE2162692A1 (en) * | 1971-12-17 | 1973-06-28 | Feldmuehle Anlagen Prod | FLAT-SHAPED PROTECTIVE STRUCTURE |
| US3804034A (en) * | 1972-05-09 | 1974-04-16 | Boride Prod Inc | Armor |
| EP0322719A1 (en) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-07-05 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Composite for protection against armor-piercing projectiles |
| DE3918380A1 (en) * | 1989-06-06 | 1990-12-20 | Starck Hermann C Fa | HIGH-TEMPERATURE COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF |
| DE19846703A1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-13 | Martin Storz | Endosurgical tool, e.g. scissors or pliers, for high-frequency use, e.g. electrocoagulation; has electrically-conducting actuating rods enclosed by insulating body near handles and insulating drive part opening axially into them |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007005301A1 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-08-07 | Audi Ag | Protective armor for use on side door of passenger car, has bullet proof steel plates which are curved or enclosed at one angle for adjustment to outer body design of vehicle, where one steel plate is strengthened by deposit welding |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002070983A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| DE10111111C2 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
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Legal Events
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| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| 8304 | Grant after examination procedure | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: THYSSENKRUPP TITANIUM GMBH, 45143 ESSEN, DE |
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| 8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: THYSSENKRUPP VDM GMBH, 58791 WERDOHL, DE |
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| R082 | Change of representative |
Representative=s name: CICHY, WOLFGANG, DIPL.-ING., DE |
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| R081 | Change of applicant/patentee |
Owner name: OUTOKUMPU VDM GMBH, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: THYSSENKRUPP VDM GMBH, 58791 WERDOHL, DE Effective date: 20130220 Owner name: VDM METALS GMBH, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: THYSSENKRUPP VDM GMBH, 58791 WERDOHL, DE Effective date: 20130220 |
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Representative=s name: CICHY, WOLFGANG, DIPL.-ING., DE Effective date: 20130220 |
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| R082 | Change of representative |
Representative=s name: CICHY, WOLFGANG, DIPL.-ING., DE |
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| R081 | Change of applicant/patentee |
Owner name: VDM METALS GMBH, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: OUTOKUMPU VDM GMBH, 58791 WERDOHL, DE Effective date: 20140526 |
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| R082 | Change of representative |
Representative=s name: CICHY, WOLFGANG, DIPL.-ING., DE Effective date: 20140526 |
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| R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |