DE10024500A1 - Treatment of water or aqueous liquid or solution by tea-bag or infuser method, used to purify drinking water or sewage or prepare drink or pharmaceutical formulation, includes introducing and separating gas bubbles - Google Patents

Abstract

In rapid and/or extensive alteration of composition of water or aqueous liquid/solution to purify drinking water or sewage or prepare drinks or pharmaceutical formulations by adding additives in submerged flooded filter bed(s), in or outside reservoir, a gas is introduced and separated at point(s) in container(s) of the reservoir, so that it rises as bubble-liquid mixture in a pipe, the gas bubbles are separated and the remaining liquid passes through the filter. The process concerns accelerated and/or more extensive alteration of the composition of liquid aqueous fluid in the form of water, aqueous liquid or aqueous solution for water purification for recovering domestic drinking water, preparing drinks for human and animal consumption by purification, desorption and/or dissolution and/or dispersion of active ingredients, preparing pharmaceutical formulations and purifying sewage. The liquid is in a reservoir, consisting of containers communicating with one another hydraulically, and is treated in (partly) submerged flooded filter bed(s), inside or outside the reservoir. The treated liquid flows back into the reservoir or into a separate container for treated liquid. This treatment reduces the content of dissolved heavy metals, metalloids, aluminum, alkaline earth metals, halogen compounds, radionuclides, reduced sulfur compounds, cyanides, nitrates and organic substances and/or increases the content of pharmaceuticals, components of plants, fungi and/or animals, alkaloids, flavorings, flavor enhancers, aromas and/or fragrances. Treatment involves chemical reaction, physical reaction, sorption, desorption and/or dissolution. The filter bed contains fibers and/or particles containing solid and/or liquid reagents; mainly solid and hardly soluble sorbents, catalysts and/or chemical reagents; and/or mainly solid and soluble desorbents, substances and binders. Its filter zone is enclosed in a hydraulically effective housing, hence parallel flow paths and is completely or partly submerged. A gaseous medium is introduced and separated at least in one locality in at least one container of the liquid reservoir, so that it rises in the form of a bubble-liquid mixture in a pipe, the gas bubbles are separated from the rising mixture and the remaining liquid is passed through the filter zone.

Description

The invention describes a method for accelerated change in Composition of an aqueous solution under the action of reactive solids, which as immersed fixed bed filters with at least partially flooded fixed bed filter beds are arranged, that is immersed within a container that contains the liquid that flows with the Fixed bed filter is treated or that has already been treated with the fixed bed filter. The too Treating liquid is a gas bubble mixture above the level of the fixed bed filter inlet lifted and run through the fixed bed filter after separating the gas. The The process saves the continued use of a stirring device to improve the contact the liquid with the reactive solid. The process is accelerated and improved exposure to reactive solids. The procedure is suitable for everyone Liquids; however, its use for the treatment of aqueous is preferred Liquids.

The method of preparing tea with a tea bag suspended is well known or a so-called tea infuser. Here there is in the tea infuser or tea bag tea housed its ingredients in the water. The ingredients are discharged by diffusion and convection flow of the hot water through the tea infuser. On sufficient discharge of the ingredients takes at least 3 minutes according to this procedure. It is desirable to reduce this time significantly.

A newer method of water purification uses bags or containers suspended in water or bundles corresponding to a tea infuser containing reactive wool or paper wool. The water purification with this method in the "one-pot process" takes about 15 minutes when the water is hot and up to 6 hours when the water is cold. It would be a Wasted energy when the water is heated just for the sake of Accelerate the cleaning operation. It also uses purified water in many cases desired by cool temperatures. It is desirable to also have cold water inside Minutes to clean.

Under fixed bed filters, not only the devices acting on the coarse-particulate liquid constituents such as e.g. B. understood gravel bed or filter paper, but in particular all those reactors with which dissolved to colloidally dispersed constituents are removed from liquids or added to the liquids. Fixed bed filters are therefore understood here to mean all those reactors with reactive fixed beds which change the composition of a liquid phase which flows through the fixed bed. Fixed bed filters therefore have at least one of the properties
Adsorption of solutes,
Absorption of solutes,
Desorption of sorbed substances (extraction),
Solution of soluble substances (extraction),
Chemical reactions with solutes,
catalytic acceleration / control of chemical reactions,
Photocatalytic acceleration / control of chemical reactions,
Field electrical acceleration / control of chemical reactions,
electrochemical reactions with solutes,
with the help of which they can change the constituents of a liquid.

According to this classification, the fixed-bed filter category, for example

• - shaped grain activated carbon filter for the separation of dissolved substances from water,
• - metal chips for reducing mineralization of water-soluble halogen organics,
• - Fixed bed filter made of palladium-coated particles for nitrate reduction with hydrogen
• - ion exchange resin filter for water softening,
• - Oil-containing macroporous polyolefin particle filters for PAH separation from water,
• Activated carbon filters doped with ammonia or iodine as a sulfide oxidation catalyst,
• - Cerium-doped particle filters for catalytic CS ₂ hydrolysis and sulfide oxidation,
• - Titanium dioxide particles for photolytically induced oxidation with hydroxyl radicals
• - tea bags and tea filters that enrich the water with tea ingredients,
• - Tea bags that enrich the water with tea ingredients and sugar
• - fixed bed filters made of sand and gypsum for sulfate doping of the groundwater,
• - fixed bed filter made of sand and iron file for iron doping of the groundwater,
• - Extraction of alkaloids from plants and fungi

It is true that the reactive wools mentioned, with which in principle all of the above Have operations performed, use very well in conventional fixed bed filter systems, through which the liquid to be treated, preferably water, is passed. Before the method of water purification in the "one-pot process" by inlaid or in it moving filter material, the conventional fixed bed filter system has the particular advantage that with a better cleaning result, a much smaller amount of filter material is required. However, these systems have the disadvantage that they are particularly suitable for single use this filter material is designed to be complex.

Another disadvantage of this one-pot method arises when there are liquid ingredients form finely divided excretions during treatment. These are becoming too significant Portions of the fiber materials are sorptively bound, the remaining portion settles as fine Sediment or remains as a clouding agent in the cleaned liquid. A typical example this is the treatment of groundwater for arsenic separation. The arsenic water originate from frequently reduced aquifers, which have an increased iron (II) hydrogen carbonate Have salary. In contact with light and air, they quickly separate fine particles Iron III hydroxide precipitates from which are incomplete by the new active ingredient Fiber materials are retained.

Therefore, the task is to provide an easy and safe to use one-pot process find that also beneficial for effectively preventing sludge sediment Precipitation processes can be used during the filtration process.

With the inventive method for operating a submerged fixed bed filter at least partially flooded fixed bed containing reactive solids according to claim 1 to 5 surprisingly easy both the shortening of water preparation to tea and to purified water. Furthermore, the cleaning results outperform when more suitable Arrangement of the devices according to the invention those with the conventional Procedures were achievable. In addition, the process can be used anywhere where liquids depleted of ingredients through known reaction with solids should be enriched with ingredients or by reaction with solids  should. In particular the precipitation of iron-containing sludges when cleaning reduced groundwater is largely by the inventive method prevented. The process can be used in numerous applications, the most important of which are in Claim 5 are used. In addition, they are also excellent as an alternative to the conventional fixed bed filter systems, through which the treatment liquid runs through only once. In principle, this applies to all of the above mentioned fixed bed filter properties. The procedure is described below.

At least one device is necessary for the method according to the invention, by means of which Gas is separated within the container that contains the liquid to be treated then in the form of a bubble-liquid mixture above the liquid level of the Container rises.

In a second device, the immersed at least partially flooded fixed bed filter, which can be separate from or coupled to the first one, contains active ingredients Filter material in the form of a preferably cylindrical fixed bed, which is tight from a cylindrical housing is enclosed. The cylindrical fixed bed is preferably so arranged that the cylinder axis points in a predominantly vertical direction. The fixed bed does not necessarily have to have a hydraulically permeable floor if it is is a self-stable fixed bed made of fibrous material. In the event that it is a fixed bed made of granular material is a sieve bottom or similar permeable bottom part necessary.

The cylindrical, preferably liquid-tight housing of the fixed bed filter is sufficient preferably over the level of the liquid in the liquid container while the The upper edge of the fixed bed is below the level of the liquid in the liquid container. Preferably, the establishment of the fixed bed enclosure and the Liquid lifting device attached to each other. The expiry of the Bubble-liquid mixture separated liquid phase is arranged so that it on the liquid-covered top of the fixed bed filter flows out. When passing the fixed bed filter in In the form of a plug flow, the liquid is treated and passes through the filter directly into the liquid in the liquid container.

Less preferred are those variants of the immersed fixed bed filter in which the level the liquid surface in the inlet of the fixed bed filter is significantly higher than the level the liquid of the container in which the fixed bed filter is arranged in the immersed position is. Either it floats in the container, which is generally preferred, or it is in the Container hung. This arrangement is achieved, for example, when the Pure water drainage from the filter is U-shaped or siphon-like at a level above the upper edge of the fixed bed in order to prevent flooding of the To reach the fixed bed filter.

Less preferred is the variant of the immersed fixed bed filter that is on the bottom a liquid container is arranged in the liquid.

Even less preferred are the variants of the method according to the invention, in which Filter operation there is no liquid above the top edge of the fixed bed filter on the inlet side. These filters, where the liquid level with the top of the fixed bed filter coincides or is located below perform poorly. Preferably  the distance between the upper edge of the fixed bed and the water level is at least 1/4 of the Filter section.

In another likewise preferred version of the method according to the invention for Treatment of larger quantities of water, for example wastewater, can be carried out in Fixed bed filters can be taken separately and drained into a separate storage container.

In a further process variant, the fixed bed filter floats in the storage container the pure water that was generated with the fixed bed filter, or is suspended or lying there on its floor. The raw water from the raw water tank is below Gravity effect, pumped by a gas pump or otherwise pumped out of the raw water tank is fed into the fixed bed filter.

Preferably, at least the fixed bed filter itself or in the form of the fixed combination of the two devices (gas lift and fixed bed filter) is provided with floating bodies which keep the entire device at a constant level with respect to the liquid surface. Fig. 1 shows the essential aspects exemplifies schematically the inventive method. Fittings for gas control or for regulating the liquid inlet into the filter are not shown.

The devices known per se, for the absorption of reactive solids serve for the desorption, solution, extraction or for the sorption of Liquid ingredients are used, characterized in that the housing the solids contains openings through which the water to be treated enters and exits can. Sorption and desorption are also understood to mean those processes here which chemical transformations such. B. oxidation or reduction of substances. All ongoing physical and chemical processes of sorption and desorption can be summarized under the term reaction. Sorption devices, Desorption and extraction are all carried out under the term fixed bed filter. The reactive insoluble and soluble substances are called filter material summarized.

Because of their better flowability, the filter materials housed in the coarse woolly rather than fine-fibrous materials. They are less preferred particulate materials. Among the coarse-wool materials, the preferred ones are where the coarse wool is composed of fine fibers.

A characteristic feature of the immersed fixed bed filter according to the invention is that it is of be flowed through the liquid outflow of a gas lift and that this flow largely parallel flow paths over the entire filter section between the filter inlet and has filter outlet. This is achieved through a largely hydraulically tight Housing the filter section, which is only on the inlet and outlet side of the fixed bed filter is hydraulically slightly permeable.

Not only a significant acceleration of the reaction, but also a significant one Improve the cleaning performance of the water to be cleaned and a significant Improvement in the absorption capacity of the filter material is achieved because of the flow through the fixed bed is given a direction. This develops in the flowed through Fixed bed filter a defined movement of the mass transition zone in the direction of flow.  

By designing the fixed bed filter as a tube with two openings, one inflow and, an outflow opening, the function of the fixed bed filter can be further improved.

In addition to water, all other liquid liquids can also be used according to the principle of the invention Treat phases. The water treatment using the fixed bed filter according to the invention is however, the main purpose of the method according to the invention.

It is particularly important for structurally weak areas for the method according to the invention preferred, the photovoltaic energy generation as an energy source for gas pumps or to use galvanic gas generators, especially for the operation of the invention Devices only minimal amounts of energy are required, which is easily achieved by small inexpensive photovoltaic elements can be supplied. Besides that, too Gas reservoirs such as pressurized gas bottles, balloons, gasometers, rubber hoses from the Tires, vehicle tires are used. Also the manual filling of the gas reservoirs is possible.

Various elements of the devices according to the invention can also be fixed to the Be connected to the water tank.

The method of triggering the flow proves to be particularly advantageous Gas introduction when iron or other reduced substances in reducing water should be removed. When using gases containing oxidants, preferably those containing oxygen Gases, the reduced substances are oxidized and, if necessary, such as B. iron and manganese as Oxides, mixed oxides, hydroxides or mixtures thereof for sedimentation and / or Deposition on the reactive solid sorbent-desorbent.

Numerous classes of substances can be removed from liquids with only a few filter materials which are flowed around and / or through in the fixed bed filters according to the method according to the invention. Examples of substances and suitable sorbents with which these substances can be removed from aqueous phases are, for example:
Heavy metals, radionuclides, aluminum, arsenic, sulfide, reduced sulfur compounds, cyanide, selenium, which are bound to granular and / or fibrous sorbent desorbents which are preferably coated with particles containing oxides and mixed oxides of iron and / or manganese and / or metallic iron can be
Heavy metals, aluminum, alkaline earths can preferably on substances containing carboxylic acid or carboxylate groups, such as. B. soaps, fatty acids, lime soaps, humic substances, humate salts, alginates with which sorbent-desorbent particles or fibers are coated or from which these are composed of granular and / or fibrous sorbent-desorbents,
Bromine, iodine, chlorine and organic compounds which can be bound to sorbent-desorbents which are preferably coated with activated carbon particles or consist thereof,
Fluoride, which can be bound to at least one substance from the groups of the sorbent-desorbents coated with aluminum hydroxides and iron-III-hydroxides, or consisting thereof,
Mercury, which can be bound to or consisting of at least one substance from the groups of ion exchangers or amalgamable metals or consisting of sorbent desorbents.
Alkaline earth metals which can be bound to or consisting of at least one substance from the groups of ion exchangers, alginic acids, zeolites, humic substances or sorbent desorbents.

The desorption, dissolution and extraction of sorbed or soluble substances from vegetable and animal organisms as well as the fungal organisms that are fresh, dried, roasted or can be pretreated differently, is also according to the inventive method possible. The same applies to substances artificially applied to the fixed bed filter material, such as e.g. B. pharmaceuticals, alkaloids, flavors, flavor enhancers, flavors, fragrances, Fragrances. These substances can also be on carriers such. B. fibers and / or Fix particle-containing filter materials for rapid desorption / extraction.

Fig. 1 shows the removal of arsenic from a dissolved iron-containing water as well typical application for the inventive method:

The filter material enriched with the reactive substance is in the form of brown paper wool, which is enriched with the reactive substance from iron (II) chloride which is generated by alkaline precipitation and which has been oxidized in the air to iron (III) hydroxide. The paper wool, which is in a cylindrical plastic net tube of 50 mm length and 40 mm diameter and weighs 5 g, is in a cylindrical Duran glass housing of 100 mm length and 32 mm inside diameter ( 2 ) as a reactive bed (roughly hatched, 1 ), inserted, which is held with three floating bubbles (hatched, 3) on the water surface ( 17 ) in the container, not shown. The container contains 5 l of well water, the arsenic content of which must be reduced. By means of a gas siphon ( 6 ), water-gas mixture ( 5 ) in the inlet area of the reactive bed (roughly hatched, 1), which is insulated against the water surface ( 17 ) by the upturn of the glass housing ( 2 ), according to the flow threads indicated as arrows ( 11 ) promoted. The gas, in this case air, escapes into the atmosphere. In this case, a water level ( 18 ) slightly above the water level of the container ( 17 ) is set above the inlet area of the reactive bed (roughly hatched, 1). As a result, the separated water is conveyed uniformly in the form of a laminar plug flow with approximately parallel flow lines through the reactive bed (roughly hatched, 1). The reactive bed (roughly hatched, 1) is arranged about 10 mm below the water level ( 18 ) in the constantly flooded area. After flowing through the reactive bed (roughly hatched, 1), which rests on the ring-shaped upstand ( 15 ), the purified water returns to the container (not shown) according to the flow lines ( 12 ). From the container, not shown, the water to be cleaned is drawn in through the elbow of the gas lift ( 6 ) according to the flow line ( 10 ). The air for operating the gas lift is led into the gas lift ( 6 ) via the metallic capillary tube ( 4 ). As the analysis results show, it is possible to remove over 80% of the arsenic from the 5 l of water containing 50 μg / l of dissolved arsenic and about 1 mg / l of dissolved iron within one hour. The water is clear afterwards and no sludge sediment has formed.

The gas lift ( 6 ) is shown in FIG. 1 as a separate part which is attached to the floating Duran glass housing ( 2 ). In a further very advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the gas lifter ( 6 ) made of glass can also be connected directly to the glass housing in such a way that the gas-liquid mixture conveyed through a tubular outlet which is fused to the glass housing ( 2 ) directly into the Inlet of the fixed bed filter ( 1 ) are promoted.

Instead of Duran glass, the devices according to the invention can also consist of one or several materials from the groups of glasses, plastics, metals, and Ceramic materials to be made. Preferred materials are among the metals Silver, the silver-containing alloys and silver-plated metals, the stainless steel, gold and gold-plated metals, tin or tin-plated metals. Preferred materials are below for glasses, those containing silver in the form of halides. Preferred materials among the ceramics are those that are in the form of halide-containing glazes or silver Metallic silver overlays included. Preferred materials are among the Plastics those containing silver in one or more of the forms of silver-containing pigments, contain organic complexes or salts of organic acids. The preferred use of the silver-containing materials causes a germ-repellent Surface of the device when working in an aqueous environment.  

Reference symbol list

1

active filter wool

2

Housing for the filter material

3rd

gas-filled buoyancy chamber

4

Gas inlet pipe

5

blowing bubble-liquid mixture

6

Gas lifter with the outflow of the blown-liquid mixture into the fixed-bed filter inlet

7

-

8th

-

9

-

10th

Liquid inflow into the gas lift

11

Liquid outflow from the gas siphon

12th

Liquid leakage from the fixed bed filter

13

Liquid outflow from the fixed bed filter outlet

14

-

15

circular edge on the housing on which the fixed bed filter is supported

17th

Liquid surface in the container, not shown

18th

Liquid surface in the fixed bed filter inlet

Claims (5)

1. A method for accelerated change and / or further change in the composition of liquid aqueous fluid in the form of water, aqueous liquids or aqueous solution, for one or more purposes of water purification for domestic drinking water production, for the preparation of beverages for human and animal needs by cleaning, for the preparation of drinks for human and animal needs by desorption and / or solution and / or dispersion of active ingredients, for the preparation of drinks for human and animal needs by dissolving active ingredients, for the manufacture of pharmaceutical Preparations and for wastewater treatment, in a liquid reservoir, consisting of one or more containers that communicate hydraulically with one another, and that at least one submerged or at least partially submerged inside or outside the liquid reservoir arranged fixed bed filter with a flooded fixed bed with which the liquid of the liquid reservoir is treated and from which the treated liquid flows back into the liquid reservoir or flows into a separate template for treated liquid,
wherein the aqueous solution to be treated by cleaning with the fixed bed filter in the liquid reservoir consists of one or more of the solutes from the group of heavy metals, from the group of metalloids, aluminum, from the group of alkaline earths, from the group of halogen compounds , from the group of radionuclides, from the group of reduced sulfur compounds, cyanide, nitrate, from the group of organic substances, is reduced and / or
wherein the preparation by means of the fixed bed filter through one or more processes of desorption and / or dissolution with the aqueous solution to be treated in the liquid reservoir in its existence of one or more of the soluble and / or dispersible substances from the group of pharmaceuticals, from the group of Ingredients of plants, from the group of ingredients of mushrooms or from the group of ingredients of animals, from the group of alkaloids, from the group of flavors, from the group of flavor enhancers, from the group of flavors, from the group of fragrances, is enriched
by one or more of the processes of the chemical reaction, the physical reaction, the sorption, the desorption, the solution, on the fixed bed filter arranged in the liquid reservoir and containing at least one of the constituents of solid and / or liquid reactive substance containing fibers and / or particles contain at least one of the components
contain predominantly solid and at least poorly soluble reactive substances from at least one of the substance groups of sorbents, catalysts and / or chemical reagents, at least in the liquid solution,
predominantly solid and at least soluble in the liquid solution reactive substances from at least one of the groups of desorbents, the soluble substances, the soluble binders
and the filter section of the fixed bed filter is enclosed between an inlet and an outlet by means of hydraulically effective housing and wherein the filter section is flowed through with predominantly parallel flow threads and wherein the filter section of the fixed bed filter is completely submerged or at least partially submerged,
characterized in that a gaseous medium is supplied and separated in at least one locality in at least one container of the liquid reservoir in such a way that it rises in the form of a bubble-liquid mixture in a tube and that the gas bubbles are separated from the liquid-bubble mixture which has risen and that the remaining liquid portion is passed through the filter section of the fixed bed filter. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed bed filter floating is arranged. 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the fixed bed filter is arranged hanging. 4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the fixed bed filter lying is arranged. 5. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the distance of the Fixed bed surface of the fixed bed filter to the liquid surface above it is at least ¼ of the filter section.