DE1001221B - Method and device for monitoring the longwall and road construction in underground operations - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for monitoring the longwall and road support in underground operations The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the monitoring of the longwall and route expansion in underground operations, through the suddenly occurring loads, such as ruptures in the mountains, cranial displacements, Reductions ti. Like. That the permissible loads and ultimate load-bearing capacity the expansion parts can "be displayed early, so that on the one hand can get the workers to safety in time and, on the other hand, the Great wear and tear on extension boards is avoided.

Despite the many new expansion methods and improvements, the expansion parts repeatedly find accident reports in which of, break-ins, and, collapse der Stveben, andi stretching is mentioned. Human lives and serious injuries. In these accidents, you almost always complain about the loss of valuable workers and result in the payment of high pensions. It has been shown that also, dier best longwall or longwall extension to the enormous forces that arise in larger mountain fractures occur, in no case has grown.

For this reason one has already gone over to it, the whole of them To study and match mountain pressure ratios & diagrams, pressure diagrams and the like. To set up, according to which the type of expansion is to be selected. These mountain surveys were with so-called high pressure measuring cells, Druickmeßdosen miming tape recorders or similar devices carried out. Diar gram recorders are arranged in these load cells who immediately write down the stresses that occur on a piece of paper or Show at a-cm '\ lanometer. All these known devices are on the one hand Complicated in their structure, expensive and have to be due to the complicated alone The chart recorder takes the pressure gauge and the gauge should be handled carefully on the other hand only for mountain pressure research and to determine the behavior different types of stamps in the face. When using vorerwahriter load cells the smooth operation significantly disrupted.

Despite these pressure studies, the number of accidents is in underground mining in no way allowed, which can be explained by the fact that it was often referred to as "# dr-ackfrei" in an otherwise quiet, misleading way Mountains a sudden mountain break, rock blow, shifts in curvature or the like. occur and the time of occurrence also from the aforementioned pressure studies cannot be determined beforehand.

For this reason it has been suggested to a limited extent that the extension parts to be provided with a device in the case of advance pledge, which, when the mountain pressure increases above a certain size, the miners use a warning horn on the existing one To indicate danger. Besides having this kind of warning in such pursuit and routes in which greater noise should occur is ineffective according to the known (th Proposal only the apparent danger spots are secured.

However, since experience has shown that it is not possible to expand hollow spaces underground to every, Faill, Eli # nbruch (ssiicher, it is proposed according to the invention, in addition to the improvement of the expansion parts, the entire expansion during and after working hours in relation to its permissible loads below to keep constant control, whereby not only the poor are pointed out to an existing danger, so that the wear and tear on expansion parts are reduced to a minimum. For this purpose, one or some are bound Expansion parts, such as stamps and the like, with safety devices, some of which, according to the invention, when the rock pressure grows below the deformation limit and the other part when the rock pressure increases below the outermost load-bearing capacity of the Auebaiiteile by means of optical contact and / or activates acoustic signals that are in or in the area of the device at # -g, eord, iiet AV ahrens werxkn the S secured get 'el integrated devices in a known manner on dey Stlieb- entire length of the route or in certain (Ab-STAs serving arranged uni to keep the entire Hangenide under constant control. It is not absolutely necessary that all dismantling devices are connected to the safety devices. It is sufficient if this Hanigendlen any safety device is placed on a certain surface. Because the devices are set, for example, to two different loads, it is possible at the same time, on the one hand, to protect the external components from deformation and, on the other hand, to also observe the critical hazard puddle.

This can be done as follows, for example: Between two devices, which are set to the outermost load-bearing capacity of the Att; sbatitei,>'1, e, one is used for each ; -' di-c Anoeige del deformation limit . If the signal for the deformation limit comes into operation, one waits some time, and only when the safety-.h # ei # tsvorricli, tuligien.ni, it signals for the piglet carry # are not able to hit, one relieves the burden in the circle Expansion parts. If, on the other hand, the signals set to the maximum load capacity also come into operation after a short time, the workers have to leave the endangered area and can be temporarily deployed elsewhere.

According to the invention can. also several signals that go through accordingly different pressures come into action, arranged in a safety device which significantly reduces the number of options to be set.

The method according to the invention makes two particularly noteworthy ones Advantageously, firstly, the workers can respond to sudden movements Captures arising from cerebral fractures and the like. devoted to being pointed out, and; Secondly, is it possible to take into account the great expense involved in repairing and distributing bring the extension part with it to press down to eji # n minimum, whereby also of material. like steel and. Iron, is saved-. The by, dIlie making the Acquisition costs arising from security arrangements are made by the other Costly reductions more a, 1, s covered.

To carry out the process, inan uses a size device which consists of a single or multi-part housing with a pressure element, which is supported on the one hand by a compression spring mounted in the housing and on the other hand against the component, for example in such a way that when the load is on the Extension part that bends the compression spring into a recess provided in the housing and there actuates a contact through which the optical and / or acoustic signals activated and / or de-energized in or on de-in housing a - are tigeordInet, be switched on. It is - expedient that several different signals, arranged in the lower part of the housing, are switched on at different loads by means of a contact that interrupts the circuit of the first signal while the compression spring is being bent or bent The circuit for the next signal closes or the next signal is switched on without switching off the first signal. Furthermore, a currentless actuation, -un, - of the signals from. Advantageous, for example, such that, in the 2 t 'Gehätisewäirden and / or the housing cover u, # n te, r spring loading provided the Spring flaps o, d.- the like by means Einzastvorric. Ihtungen be maintained, which by diie duirchbiegende DRTT-r- Kfed # eir be entered via the lever linkage, so that the sprinkler flaps open to the outside. Be - s - Donders zweckanäßig is a combination of s, trombetätigten and stream, losbetät-Igt, s signals # for example, so that the compression spring at the major Ghbiegen a Kon, tal <t # bo, presses zen 1, on the one hand within of the contact housing closes the current for the signal activated and on the other hand, by means of an extension, presses on a lever arranged in the area of the contact housing, via which the latching device of a spring flap is unlocked To be able to use types of expansion and thus for different pressures, according to the invention it is formed in such a way that the mechanism of the contact can be checked at any time and adjusted to different loads, for example in such a way that the gap between them two freely resilient Konitaktteile can be changed as desired by a small Exzm, ter, which is arranged under the lower contact point, where the The eccentric shaft slides out of the housing: and in the middle of the actuating radius, where the various dimensions of the valve are indicated, it is set to an adjustment mark on the housing. Furthermore, it is advantageous that when the light signals are arranged, the bulbs, or their transparent shielding against stone damage and similar influences, are protected, for example in such a way that the luminous or shielding element has a new state cast in the housing. shielded by grille. It is also advantageous that the pressure segment has a training adapted to your respective expansion, whereas the structure in the device h-1 is always in the same way a, part # 1), i'Ide # t . 1 - "Rfiliduliigs" - according to the Kontaktsichal.te # r is resiliently mounted so that when relieved in sietine Rubesitstellung to interrupt the flow circle Luminous paint provided so that they are clearly visible when opened. It is self-reinforcing, dii-ideally that the recesses arranged within the housing, preferably the contacts 1-1.in 11111K1 ', the lines when in use > a power source, such as batteries, are designed to be protected from the weather in a manner known per se: and at least the space of the housing containing the contact is waterproof. It is of particular advantage that the cover of this housing is designed as a pressure segment. This means that it falls independently - Drucksegni: anit continued. The contact can be arranged in a recess presoliemii under the spring in such a way that it is actuated by the direct deflection spring. Andel In addition, it is also possible that the pressure spring closes; lläcl-Ist presses on a lever, then the contact is operated via Jen. It is of particular advantage that the optist and / or akus fish. Signal means are resiliently mounted within the housing, for example in Haltgu # rnimli, Fede; rfa, sis, ting or the like.

The particular advantage of the invention is that the security device impacts on several different loads, what ur-th them at the same time to solve. two different tasks dilenit, on the one hand - that Reaching the deformation energy and then, as a last warning, reaching of the utmost carrying capacity,. #; display: u show.

The E, rfill, duinicr will be on hand. the Ze:, i, chin: ting, which only shows a few explanatory examples in, generous presentation, explains in more detail. 1 shows the sides of a security device, FIG. 2 shows a section along line AA in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a section along line BB in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 shows a section along line CC of FIG. 2, FIG. 5 shows the side view of a safety device for strolnilosbeitelte signals, FIG. 6 shows a section along line FF of FIG. 5, FIG. 7 shows a section along line GG of Fig. 6, Fig. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 6 n-vi, t abgenomrnenern shell Sicherheitsvorriffitung, Fig. 9 shows a section according to. the line HH of Fig. 7, Fig. 10, the partial section view of a Sicherlheitsvoirrichtung with contact for zi.troi-nillo #; - and: stromb.etätigte Sigrm # le and Fig. 11 the sectional view of a pressure segment specially designed for use in 1-lolzatl ", 1), al-i.

The safety device according to FIGS. 1 to 4 consists of the lower housing part 1, the upper housing part or cover 2 and the pressure segment 3. The cover 2 is composed of the two parts 2a and 2b . which are connected, for example, by a tendon kidney4. The lid part 2 is by means of Schrau -.]) En 5 with learning (Gehäusetniterteil verschiraubt DeT cover part 21 ', however, is only Through a screw 6 with the Gch, Aeus-eu # ntertell 1-verbun If the --diie ski. , aul> e dissolved 6, it may be the, cover 21 'hoarkItappen. Urn a light Aii-Fais-sen of Sichierheits, vornichtung allow züi, it is provided with eitnem hand # handle for carrying is provided, which is designated miit. 8 the Cover part 2b is provided with an over the edge of the housing unfierteilsl h, i; ii, a, u, srage! Nd'en # Naise2cve, r see, in order to facilitate lifting of the DecIzeliteils 2b . The extension part is designated in it 7 and supports s, i # ie in a recess of the pressure segment 3 adapted to the expansion part. So that the pressure segment 3 is not lost or falls out of the housing when the safety device is being operated and worn. can be fastened, provided and witr (1 # detachable by means of a chain 10 and screw 5 on the housing echoed (Fig. 3). In the front part of the building there is a pear. 11 resiliently mounted. Si, e is covered with a transparent, dome-shaped sheet 12, over which a steel grille 13 cast in the cover part 2b is arranged to protect against falling stones or other destructive influences. This support grid 13 can also be arranged in a detachable manner. It is located between the cover part 2a and the lower part of the housing 1 . a sealing 14 (Fig . 3). Of course, a seal can also be arranged between the cover part 2b and the lower housing part 1. To get the safety device on the. Lying a fes.ten Sta "nd to four provide, even the G, ohä, tuseunt, erbeils 1 'means 15 are # ung provided for Reibtingserhöb at the bottom. The bulb 11 may vorteillhaft innelhalb the housing d # Ie dot chain St # el # lut, 1 - lja innehmen wüiid in this case, e extending; about dlie upper edge 2d this Deckelt-eills 211 uplifting steel grid 13 and the dome-shaped cover plate 12 be omitted this purpose can in Decketteil 2b and the side walls 11 'window-like openings of.. which: a dash-dotted line indicated by 16 (Fig. 1) . These window-like openings can also be provided with a sealing, transparent plate and a protective grille in the same plane as the opening.

From Fig. 3 one can see a for example formed contact space 17 , in which a contact is arranged, which can be adjusted to different loads. There are in the lower part of the housing. a bearing bore 18 and a bearing 19 for the eccentric shaft 20 are provided. The eccentric 21 packs into a guide of the lower contact at # 1, s # 22, which consists of an insulated part 22a and a conductive layer 22b . The second contact part 23 also consists of an insulated layer 2311 and a conductive layer 23b. Both contact parts are spring-loaded. In the cover part 2a there is a bore hole 24 through which the bolt-like extension 3a of the pressure segment 3 is passed and presses against the pressure spring 25, which is located in a recess 26 of the lower housing part 1 . The greater the load on the housing 7 , the more the pressure spring 25 bends in the contact space 17 and thereby presses the contact part 23 in the direction of the contact part 22. When the two conductive blades 22b and 23b are touched the contact parts 22 and 23 , the circuit is closed and thereby the optical signal is kept eilingeseh. The eccentric shaft 20 is provided with an actuating wheel 27 outside the housing, on which the individual performance parameters can be guided, and is set to a marking 28 on the lower housing part 1 in the area of the actuating wheel 27 . By turning this actuation unit, this 27 , the eccentric 21 is also rotated, which thus changes the space 29 between the contact parts 22 and 23 . The exact mounting of the eccentric shaft 20 and the eccentric 21 can be done, for example, by cotter pins 30 . To protect the operating wheel 27 against rock fall or aadere destructive influences of the cover part 2a of the operating wheel can be embodied in the area 27 through the Gehäusetinterteil 1, projecting as strichpunkbiert with 31 angedieu is TICT.

Fig. 4 shows an example of a storage of the pear 11 according to the safety device according to FIGS. 1 to 3. In the housing part 1 is a socket 32 with rubber insert 33 in a corresponding! Housing recess, into which the bulb 11 is screwed in, screwed down and over the line 34, the Kon.-taikt is in. The transparent cover plate 12 is pressed in between two seals 35 and 36, for example Gtiiin, mi, d, i, dhttuin-gen #, and, like the bulb 11, is resiliently suspended. Since the cover part 2b can be folded up after loosening the screw 6, "the signals are easily and quickly accessible and can easily be exchanged. In place of the Gti, mimiiei # n # position 33 , any other fecbeiinide means can also be used" . Also, the position of the pear can, as indicated with lja and beleits previously, be flying-baitit. As Stromqueille for the Sicherheitsvorridli: device described in Figs. 1 to 4 small batteries, such as stick batteries in flashlights, can be used "which are arranged in any recess of the housing unit part.1 auswe, cih, sell) #ar and easily accessible, can, but not specifically represented, d.

The recess 26 for the pressure, cldede.r 25 (Fig. 3) can be obtained in such a way that it is necessary to open compression springs of various sizes and strengths, since the setting for a certain load without electrical .Kzcntervorrichtu-ng by the selected. -Be I # 7ed (e.rs # ta # rl <e takes place, because it is possible. To calculate the deflection of the spring exactly.

FIGS. 5 to 9 also show in s # cliiemiatt.iis, that is, a safety device for de-energized Sigrinle. The simplicity hialber sivid, for smooth, oak parts. which correspond to the safety device according to FIGS. 1 to 4, the same reference symbols have been used. The extension part 7 and the pressure segment 3 have only been given a different shape to indicate that the security device according to the invention is used for any desired extension by means of an appropriate shape of the pressure segment came. Deir bolt- #, like extension 3a, on the other hand, always retains its! once fixed cross-section, which ensures any replacement of the pressure segment in the various types of construction -, viiid ,. Due to the elimination of the torrent-actuated signals. the entire device can be made more compact. The cover 2 is only in one piece and is screwed onto the housing base 1 by means of screws 5 . In FIGS. 5 to 8 , an opened spring flap 34 with a latching spring 35 and F-in-rais, tnocken 36 is indicated by dashed lines.

The effect of the de-energized signals is as follows: When the extension part 7 is loaded, the bolt-like extension 3a of the presses; Pressure segment 3 on the compression spring 25 lying in the recess 26 of the housing lower part 1 , which thus deflects into the contour, dream, 17 . The compression spring 25 presses the plate-like part 39 of the actuating lever 37 downwards. The actuation lever is mounted at 38 in the lower housing part 1. The rear end 40 of the actuating lever 37 goes up and engages, for example, in a fork 43, the angled end 42 of a spring 44, which is attached at 45 to the inner wall of this space 41 (Figs. 8 and 9) . The cam 36 of the ovarian detent spring 35 engages behind the spring 44. If the spring 44 by the. Actuating the lever 37 raised so far that the cam 36 disengages, the spring flap 34 folds through the membrane 46 * loaded with springs 47 into the position shown in a straight line. Also, this device can handle any loads. "by either changing the thickness of the pen or arranging the snap-in spring 35 so that it can be adjusted in height. A seal between the cover 2 and the lower housing part 1 is denoted by 14.

Fig. 10 shows, as an example, a contact for the combination of de-energized and energized signals. The contact housing is located in the contact space 17. 51 with contact pin 50. When loaded, the spring pushes the contact pin 50 down . below,. By vertically displacing the contact pin 50 , the circuit for the current-operated signals is closed via the contact sites 52, this contact pin 50 and 53 of the contact housing 51 and lines 54 and 55 . At the same time, the lower, protruding out of the contact housing bottom part Soa suppressed the Con-stroke bolt are connected 50 to the end 39 of an operating lever 37 through the back sbromlos (-betätigte signals. In the case of arranging a plurality of s, trombetätigter signals könnerr more contact points on Kontaktbollzen 50 and arranged housing Kontakt.-in 51 se # in by, man, they in the drawing - Benie into it and at the same time vertically offset provides the contact pin 50 is under spring load, so that it always has the tendency, upon relief of the buildout. 7 to return to its original position and thus to interrupt the circuit. The bolt-like extension 3a of the pressure segment 3 is preferably rounded on its side facing the pressure spring 25 , as indicated by dashed lines at 48. In this case, The compression spring 25 has provided a corresponding indentation 49. This results even if the compression segment is slightly tilted gent 3 always a good Aniliegen to the Druckfedier 25. Similarly diient ffiese molding at lower than the recess 26 of compression springs 25 executed for Zentrierunig. You can also change the deflection line of the compression spring 25 by means of the spherical shape. Fig. 11 shows the formation of a pressure seal in timber construction. The surface 57, which is aligned against the extension part , is provided with means for increasing friction, such as tips 56.

Of course, Miehig can add to the examples given without deviating from the invention. Serve for this reason the figures shown - the drawing only for the n; more detailed explanation of the invention, without limiting them.

Claims (2)

PATENTANSPROCHE: 1. A method for monitoring the Streb- and route Ausbaues in underground operations, in which expansion parts miit on the whole. connected abgegtützten, Streb- or track surface arranged in certain Abstänam safety devices order to eiiner unit zusanimengeschaltet & ind, characterized in that a part diieseT S icherheitsvorrichtungen when Anrwachsen of the rock pressure below the deformation limit and the other part at the increase of the Crebi-rgsidruckes below the outermost buoyancy of Expansion parts by means of contact sets optical and / or acoustical signals that are arranged in or in the area of the Vorvichtung in. Activity. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, there being none, indicates that each safety device displays multiple, preferably two, pressure levels and strengths of different levels by means of signals that differ from one another. 3. Safety device for carrying out the method according to the requirements: 1 and 2, marked # -drawn here-oh a one-part or multi-part housing with a pressure seal (3, 3a), which on the one hand is against a pressure spring (25) mounted in the housing and on the other hand against the. Extension part supports, for example, in such a way that when there is a load, the compression spring (25) bends into a recess provided below the compression spring in the housing and actuates a contact through which the optical and / or acoustic current-operated and / or current-free operated 4. Security preparation according to claim 3, characterized in that several different signals arranged in the housing and switched on one after the other at different loads are switched on in, by means of a contact, the circuit of the first signal M interrupts wide pure bending of Drackfeder again and the circuit for the next signal includes or without switching off the first signal, the next signal, zusdhaltet. 5. Sieherheitsvorrichtung after serving Anisprüchen3 and 4, characterized through a s, trom, Icxse operation of the signals, for example derae that, in the housing side walls and / or the Gehäua & lid under spring loading The spring flaps (34) or the like are held by means of latching devices which are unlocked by the flexing compression spring via a lever linkage so that the spring flaps open outwards. 6. Safety device according to claim 3, characterized in that when there is a communication of de-energized and current-operated signals, the compression spring presses on a Konitaktbolzen (50) when bending, which on the one hand within the Kontaktgiehäuses (51) the Stromkrielb for the s, current-operated signal closes and other be with # - as an extension on oirnen in the rich of the contact housing, arranged lever presses, via which the latching device one Spring clip (34) is detached. 7. Safety device according to the. CLAIMS 3 to 6, characterized in that the M # ocha! nii! s- mitits of contact to various loads can be set in such a way that the intermediate space between two freely resilient ones Contact parts di by an eccentric, which is under the lower Koetaktstellle eats, b, e # di, eb # ig ver can be changed, whereby the eccentric shaft au! s the GeMuse out &, - e leads and m # i, by means of a activity bike on which the various beta performance sizes are specified, on a single bar14, - Marking at the gel house is set, lit is. 8. Security device to obtain the answer 3 to 7, characterized in that when arranged from Lic: Iiitisigiial-en the pears and / or dieren transparent Al) sdhi, rmuing against Steinfailll and uhii-Mehe E hiflüs-se through an example in the CTe- Housing cast steel gauze (13) hooped are. 9. Sielier! H # eitsvorrichtu # ngniadh.dlen # An # sprii, dhen3 bi, s 8, dadurdli indicates that the printing ment an auts- education receives, on the other hand that in the Vorriehtung lead in, the extension (3a) of the pressure treated stone (3) imnier trained in the same way i & t. 10. Safety device according to claims 3 up to 9, characterized by the fact that the contact spring-loaded switch to switch on when discharged in his rest or AusgamgGs4eId #, ung zu! walk. 11. Safety device according to the Amprü- oh - en 3 to 10, because you marked that clie at Signal actuation visible surface of the spring work with Leuchbfai: #be verisehon is. 12.Safety device according to: spi-ü- chen 3 to ! s 11, characterized in that the Cover of the housing designed as a pressure segment forms is. 13. Safety device according to the Amprü- chen 3 hi: s 12, thereby, gekermzßiiclhn-et that the Contact in one under the compression spring vc> lgeEehe- nen recess of the ciehätiseurne-part, s so angx-- arranges i -, # t so that he directly dttreih the sagging Compression spring is operated. 14. Sli, cheilheitsvorrichtuing according to the claims dhen 3 to s 13, thereby gekerm2.eidm-et that the First presses the compression spring on a lever, via which Jann Ader contact 1), et, ä, is made. 15. Sidher hot device according to the requirements chen 3 to s 14, characterized in that the optise, hen and / odier akutsfissöhen S-ignal, mi, bteR resilient within the housing, for example swaiisie -in Hard rubber, spring sockets or the like, stored are. Considered publications: "Glür-kauf" of October 18 , 1941, fig. 7 on p. 591, and p. 590, right column, para. 2.