DE1099430B - Process for the production of ceramic bodies for electromechanical conversion elements - Google Patents
Process for the production of ceramic bodies for electromechanical conversion elementsInfo
- Publication number
- DE1099430B DE1099430B DEN12583A DEN0012583A DE1099430B DE 1099430 B DE1099430 B DE 1099430B DE N12583 A DEN12583 A DE N12583A DE N0012583 A DEN0012583 A DE N0012583A DE 1099430 B DE1099430 B DE 1099430B
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- Prior art keywords
- mixed crystals
- proportion
- oxides
- compounds
- mixture
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910003781 PbTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(oxo)titanium;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N (1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,18s,19r,20r,21s,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,37s,38r)-3-[(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10 Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2.O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 PCTMTFRHKVHKIS-BMFZQQSSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020658 PbSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020684 PbZr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150071746 Pbsn gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002253 Tannate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010252 TiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/491—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
- C04B35/491—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT
- C04B35/493—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates based on lead zirconates and lead titanates, e.g. PZT containing also other lead compounds
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von keramischen Körpern für elektromechanische Umwandlunclselemente Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von keramischen Körpern für elektromechanische Umwandlungselemente, d. h, Elemente, die elektrische Energie in mechanische Energie umwandeln können und umgekehrt.Process for the production of ceramic bodies for electromechanical Conversion elements The invention relates to a method of manufacture of ceramic bodies for electromechanical conversion elements, d. h, elements, can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa.
Außer Einkristallen von Stoffen wie Seignettesaiz, die den Nachteil haben, daß sie gegenüber einer Temperaturerhöhung nicht widerstandsfähig sind, haben zu diesem Zweck auch polykristallinische Materialien Anwendung gefunden, die diesen Nachteil naturgemäß nicht aufweisen.Except single crystals of substances like Seignettesaiz that have the disadvantage have that they are not resistant to an increase in temperature, have for this purpose also found polycrystalline materials that have this application Naturally, they do not have any disadvantage.
Solche keramischen, piezoelektrischen Materialien werden meistens auf Basis von Bariumtitanat (BaTi03) oder von Mischkristallen mit Perowskitstruktur von BaTi03 mit Titanaten anderer, zweiwertiger Metalle zusammengesetzt.Such ceramic, piezoelectric materials are mostly used based on barium titanate (BaTi03) or mixed crystals with a perovskite structure composed of BaTi03 with titanates of other, divalent metals.
Es ist bekannt, daß auf Basis von Mischkristallen von Bleititanat (PbTi03) und Bleizirkanät (PbZr03) Materialien erhalten werden können, die vorteilhafte Eigenschaften aufweisen im Vergleich zu den üblichen Ba Ti03-haltigen Materialien. Diese Materialien lassen sich insbesondere bei höheren Temperaturen verwenden, und. ihre elektromechanischen Eigenschaften sind weniger temperaturabhängig. Weiter weisen fliese Bleititanat-Zirkonat-Mischkristalle einen hohen radialen Koppelfaktor k,. und einen lohen mechanischen Qualitätsfaktor Q auf, wenn der Gehalt an Pb TiO3 10 bis ü0, vorzugsweise 40 bis 50 Molprozent beträgt. Der höchste Koppelfaktor tritt auf bei einem PbTi-03 Gehalt von 46 bis 47 Molprozent.It is known that based on mixed crystals of lead titanate (PbTi03) and lead circanity (PbZr03) materials can be obtained that are advantageous Have properties compared to the usual Ba Ti03-containing materials. These materials can be used in particular at higher temperatures, and. their electromechanical properties are less temperature dependent. Continue pointing tile lead titanate-zirconate mixed crystals have a high radial coupling factor k ,. and a low mechanical quality factor Q when the Pb TiO3 content is 10 to ü0, preferably 40 to 50 mol percent. The highest coupling factor occurs at a PbTi-03 content of 46 to 47 mol percent.
Materialien mit entsprechender Struktur und entsprechenden Eigenschaften lassen sich -auf Basis von Mischkristallen von Bleititanat (Pb Ti03) und Bleistannat (PbSn03) mit einem PbTi-03-Gehalt von 35 bis 55, vorzugsweise von 40 bis 50 Molprozent erhalten Auch mit Zusammensetzungen in dem ternären System PbTi03 Pb Zr03---PbSn 03 zwischen den beiden erwähnten binären Systemen werden entsprechende Materialien erhalten. Die beiden binären und das ternäre Gebiet der Zusammensetzungen sind in dem Diagramm nach Fig. 1 (wobei X, Y und Z Pb Ti03, Pb Zr 03 bzw. Pb Sn 03 bezeichnen) durch die Linien A-B bzw. C-D bzw. das Viereck A B C D dargestellt.Materials with a corresponding structure and properties can be obtained on the basis of mixed crystals of lead titanate (Pb Ti03) and lead tannate (PbSn03) with a PbTi-03 content of 35 to 55, preferably 40 to 50 mol percent, even with compositions in the ternary System PbTi03 Pb Zr03 --- PbSn 03 between the two binary systems mentioned, corresponding materials are obtained. The two binary and the ternary regions of the compositions are represented in the diagram of FIG. 1 (where X, Y and Z denote Pb Ti03, Pb Zr 03 and Pb Sn 03, respectively) by the lines AB and CD and the square ABCD , respectively .
Das Vorhandensein von Pb Sn03 in den Mischkristallen hat, im Vergleich mit den PbTi03-PbZr03 Zusammensetzungen ohne Stannat, eine Erniedrigung der Curie-Temperatur zur Folge, aber die Materialien behalten im übrigen ihre vorteilhaften Eigenschaften, insbesondere wenn die Zusammensetzungen innerhalb des Vierecks EFGH des Diagramms liegen.The presence of Pb Sn03 in the mixed crystals has, in comparison with the PbTi03-PbZr03 compositions without stannate, a lowering of the Curie temperature result, but the materials otherwise retain their advantageous properties, especially if the compositions are within the EFGH quadrangle of the diagram lie.
Bekanntlich enthält Zirkon häufig geringe Mengen Hafnium als Verunreinigung. Bei der erwähnten Zusammensetzung ist Hafnium jedoch -als Äquivalent von Zirkan aufzufassen. Unabhängig von dem Diagramm der Zeichnung kann man diese Zusammensetzungen wie folgt beschreiben: Auf der Linie A-D des Diagramms sind folgende Bedingungen erfüllt: [Pb Ti 03] = 35 - fi/1$ [Pb Zr 03] (1) [Pb Zr O,] = 90 - 18/13 [Pb SnOj (2) [Pb Sn03] - 13/5 [Pb Ti0,] - 26 (3) und auf der Linie B-C die Bedingungen: [PbTiOj = 55 -f- 1/8 [PbZr.03] (4) [Pb Zr 03] = 40 - 8/9 [Pb Sn 03] (5) [Pb Sn 03] = 540 - 9 [Pb Ti 03] (6) In diesen Gleichungen bezeichnen [PbTi03], [PbZr03] und [Pb Sn 03] die Moiprozentsätze Pb Ti 03, Pb Zr 03 und PbSn03 der Mischkristalle. Da der Gesamtanteil der drei genannten Komponenten 100 Molprozent beträgt, kann für beide Linien eine der drei Bedingungen, z. B. die Bedingung (3) bzw (6), außer Betracht gelassen werden. Bei den betreffenden Zusammensetzungen müssen also die Bedingungen erfüllt sein, daß, ausgedrückt in Molprozent, [Pb Ti 03] zwischen 35 - 5/18 [Pb Zr 03] und 55 -f- 1/8 [PbZr03] liegt und [Pb Zr03] zwischen 90 - 18/13 [Pb Sn 03] und 40 - $/, [Pb Sn03] liegt. Die elektromechanischen Eigenschaften der oben bezeichneten polykristallinischen Materialien können gemäß der Erfindung dadurch verbessert werden, daß das Pb 0 der Mischkristalle teilweise durch Ca0 und/oder Sr0 ersetzt wird.It is known that zirconium often contains small amounts of hafnium as an impurity. With the composition mentioned, however, hafnium is to be understood as the equivalent of zirconium. Independently of the diagram in the drawing, these compositions can be described as follows: The following conditions are met on line AD of the diagram: [Pb Ti 03] = 35 - fi / 1 $ [Pb Zr 03] (1) [Pb Zr O, ] = 90 - 18/13 [Pb SnOj (2) [Pb Sn03] - 13/5 [Pb Ti0,] - 26 (3) and on the line BC the conditions: [PbTiOj = 55 -f- 1/8 [ PbZr.03] (4) [Pb Zr 03] = 40 - 8/9 [Pb Sn 03] (5) [Pb Sn 03] = 540 - 9 [Pb Ti 03] (6) In these equations, [PbTi03] , [PbZr03] and [Pb Sn 03] are the molar percentages Pb Ti 03, Pb Zr 03 and PbSn03 of the mixed crystals. Since the total proportion of the three components mentioned is 100 mol percent, one of the three conditions, e.g. B. the condition (3) or (6), are disregarded. In the case of the compositions concerned, the conditions must be met that, expressed in mol percent, [Pb Ti 03] is between 35-5/18 [Pb Zr 03] and 55 -f- 1/8 [PbZr03] and [Pb Zr03] between 90 - 18/13 [Pb Sn 03] and 40 - $ /, [Pb Sn03]. The electromechanical properties of the polycrystalline materials identified above can be improved according to the invention in that the Pb 0 of the mixed crystals is partially replaced by Ca0 and / or Sr0.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich somit auf ein. Verfahren zur Herstellung von keramischen Körpern. für elektromechanische Umwandlungselemente aus Mischkristallen, die Pb Ti 03 und gegebenenfalls Pb Zr 03 enthalten, und weist das Merkmal auf, daß Pb 0 mit Ca 0 und/oder Sr 0 und Ti 02 mit Zr 02 und/oder Sn 02 bzw. Verbindungen, die beim Erhitzen diese Oxyde ergeben, oder aber vorgebildete Verbindungen aus diesen Oxyden untereinander, gemischt und nach Formgebung gesintert werden., wobei die Anteile der Mischung an den genannten Oxyden bzw. Verbindungen so gewählt werden, daß Mischkristalle von Pb Ti 03 mit Pb Zr 03 und/oder Pb Sn 03 entstehen, in denen, ausgedrückt in Molprozent, der Anteil an Pb Ti 03 zwischen 35 - 5/18 der Molprozentzahl des Anteiles an PbZr03 und 55 -@- 1/s der Molprozentzahl des Anteils an PbZr03 und der Anteil an PbZr03 zwischen 90 - 1s/13 der Molprozentzahl des Anteils an PbSn03 und 40 - 8/9 der Molprozentzahl des Anteils an PbSn03 liegt und weiterhin 1 bis 30 Molprozent des Pb 0 durch Ca 0 und/oder SrO ersetzt ist.The invention thus relates to a. Method of manufacture of ceramic bodies. for electromechanical conversion elements made of mixed crystals, which contain Pb Ti 03 and optionally Pb Zr 03, and has the feature that Pb 0 with Ca 0 and / or Sr 0 and Ti 02 with Zr 02 and / or Sn 02 or compounds, which result in these oxides when heated, or else pre-formed compounds from them Oxides are mixed with one another and sintered after shaping., The Proportions of the mixture of the oxides or compounds mentioned are selected so that that mixed crystals of Pb Ti 03 with Pb Zr 03 and / or Pb Sn 03 arise in which, expressed in mole percent, the proportion of Pb Ti 03 between 35 - 5/18 of the mole percent of the proportion of PbZr03 and 55 - @ - 1 / s the mole percentage of the proportion of PbZr03 and the proportion of PbZr03 between 90 - 1s / 13 of the molar percentage of the proportion of PbSn03 and 40 - 8/9 the mole percentage of the PbSn03 content and further 1 to 30 mole percent of the Pb 0 is replaced by Ca 0 and / or SrO.
Die elektromechanischen Umwandlungselemente aus den Ca- und/oder Sr-haltigen Mischkristallen nach der Erfindung weisen, im Vergleich zu denen aus den Mischkristallen, die frei von Ca und/oder Sr sind, alle eine Verbesserung der Eigenschaften auf. Insbesondere wird durch Ca- und/oder Sr-haltige Zusammensetzungen innerhalb des Vierecks EFGH des temären Diagramms gemäß der Zeichnung, d. h. bei Zusammensetzungen mit einem Titanatgehalt zwischen 40 und 50 Molprozent, ein stark erhöhter radialer Kopplungsfaktor (k,) erzielt, der bei einem Titanatgehalt von 46 bis 47 Molprozent maximal ist. Weiter sind die mechanische Güte Q und die Dielektrizitätskonstante K hoch.The electromechanical conversion elements from those containing Ca and / or Sr Mixed crystals according to the invention have, in comparison to those from the mixed crystals, which are free of Ca and / or Sr all show an improvement in properties. In particular, Ca- and / or Sr-containing compositions within the Quadrilateral EFGH of the ternary diagram according to the drawing, d. H. in compositions with a titanate content between 40 and 50 mol percent, a greatly increased radial Coupling factor (k,) achieved at a titanate content of 46 to 47 mol percent is maximum. The mechanical quality Q and the dielectric constant are also important K high.
Obgleich der Gehalt an Ca- und/oder Sr-Verbindungen zwischen 1 und 30 Molprozent liegen kann, wird er vorzugsweise zwischen 5 und 15 Molprozent gewählt. Die Wirkung von Sr und Ca ist im allgemeinen dieselbe, aber zum Erzielen eines bestimmten Resultats ist eine größere Menge Calcium als Strontium erforderlich.Although the content of Ca and / or Sr compounds between 1 and 30 mol percent, it is preferably selected between 5 and 15 mol percent. The effect of Sr and Ca is generally the same, but to achieve a certain one As a result, a greater amount of calcium than strontium is required.
Der Kopplungsfaktor und die Curie-Temperatur der stannathaltigen Zusammensetzungen
sind niedriger als die der Zusammensetzungen ausschließlich auf der Basis
Die keramischen Körper nach der Erfindung können dadurch hergestellt werden, daß die benutzten Oxyde als solche oder in Form von Verbindungen, die bei Erhitzung in diese Oxyde übergehen; wie z. B: Carbonate und Hydroxyde, oder in Form von vorgebildeten Verbindungen aus diesen Oxyden untereinander, wie vorgebildete Titanate, Zirkonate und/oder Stannate von Blei, Calcium und/oder Strontium Oder Mischkristalle derselben, gemischt und nach Formgebung gesintert werden.The ceramic bodies according to the invention can thereby be produced that the oxides used as such or in the form of compounds that are used Heating pass into these oxides; such as B: carbonates and hydroxides, or in the form of preformed compounds from these oxides with one another, such as preformed ones Titanates, zirconates and / or stannates of lead, calcium and / or strontium or Mixed crystals of the same, mixed and sintered after shaping.
Vorzugsweise werden die Rohstoffe nach Mischung in einer Kugelmühle einige Stunden lang auf etwa 850'C erhitzt, wobei eine Reaktion eintritt. Darauf wird wieder gemahlen. Gegebenenfalls werden. diese Vorgänge wiederholt, bis eine vollständige Reaktion stattgefunden hat.After mixing in a ball mill, the raw materials are preferably heated to about 850 ° C. for a few hours, a reaction occurring. It is then ground again. If applicable, be. repeat these processes until a complete reaction has taken place.
Das erhaltene Pulver wird darauf unter Anwendung eines verbrennbaren Bindemittels in die gewünschte Form gebracht und z. B. bei einer Temperatur von etwa 1280°C 45 Minuten lang gesintert.The powder obtained is then applied using a combustible Binder brought into the desired shape and z. B. at a temperature of sintered about 1280 ° C for 45 minutes.
Auf diese Weise können z. B. runde Platten mit einem Durchmesser von 25 mm und einer Stärke von 2,5 mm erhalten . werden, die, nachdem sie auf den einander gegenüberliegenden Flächen, z. B. durch Aufbrennen einer Silbersuspension, mit Elektroden versehen worden sind, bei Zimmertemperatur in einem Gleichspannungsfeld von 6000 bis 7000 V/mm 1 Stunde lang polarisiert werden.In this way, z. B. round plates with a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 2.5 mm. be that after looking at each other opposite surfaces, e.g. B. by burning a silver suspension, with electrodes have been provided, at room temperature in a DC voltage field of 6000 polarized up to 7000 V / mm for 1 hour.
In der nachfolgenden Tabelle sind die Werte einiger physikalischen Größen angegeben, die an solchen Platten gemessen sind und aus denen die Verbesserung der Eigenschaften der Ca- und/oder Sr-haltigen Produkte nach der Erfindung (Zusammensetzungen Nr. 1 bis 10) im Vergleich zu den Eigenschaften der günstigsten Pb Ti 03-PbZr03Zusammensetzung nach der USA.-Patentschrift 2 708 244, d. h. denen mit einem Titanatgehalt von 47 Molprozent (Zusammensetzung Nr. 0), hervorgeht.In the table below are the values of some physical Sizes given which are measured on such plates and from which the improvement the properties of the Ca and / or Sr-containing products according to the invention (compositions No. 1 to 10) compared to the properties of the cheapest Pb Ti 03-PbZr03 composition U.S. Patent 2,708,244, i.e., U.S. Patent No. 2,708,244. H. those with a titanate content of 47 Mole percent (Composition No. 0).
In der Tabelle sind die dielektrische Konstante K, der radiale Kopplungsfaktor kr, der Young-Modul Y in Newton/m2, die mechanische Güte Q und die piezoelektrischen Koeffizienten d31 und d33 in 10-12 Coulomb-Newton und g31 in 10-3 Volt Meter/Newton angegeben. Beimischung und mit einer einzigen Ausnahme einen höheren Wert d31, d33 und Q haben. In gewissen Fällen sind diese Verbesserungen auf Kosten anderer. Eigen schaften erzielt; in den meisten Fällen ist der Kopplungsfaktor k, etwas niedriger. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Materialien nach der Erfindung ist der, daB sie einen niedrigen Verlustfaktor (weniger als 10/,) haben und daB sie dauernd einen hohen Prozentsatz ihrer ursprünglichen Polarisation beibehalten.The table shows the dielectric constant K, the radial coupling factor kr, the Young's modulus Y in Newtons / m2, the mechanical quality Q and the piezoelectric coefficients d31 and d33 in 10-12 Coulomb-Newtons and g31 in 10-3 volt meters / Newton specified. Admixture and, with one single exception, have a higher value d31, d33 and Q. In certain cases these improvements are at the expense of others. Properties achieved; in most cases the coupling factor k i is somewhat lower. Another advantage of the materials of the invention is that they have a low dissipation factor (less than 10 ½) and that they permanently retain a high percentage of their original polarization.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US1099430X | 1955-08-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1099430B true DE1099430B (en) | 1961-02-09 |
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ID=586276
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEN12583A Pending DE1099430B (en) | 1955-08-11 | 1956-08-07 | Process for the production of ceramic bodies for electromechanical conversion elements |
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| Country | Link |
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| DE (1) | DE1099430B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2714440A1 (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-10-12 | Siemens Ag | Barium titanate ceramic prodn. with controlled grain growth - by mixing separately prepd. cpd. with separately prepd. main material and sintering |
-
1956
- 1956-08-07 DE DEN12583A patent/DE1099430B/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2714440A1 (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-10-12 | Siemens Ag | Barium titanate ceramic prodn. with controlled grain growth - by mixing separately prepd. cpd. with separately prepd. main material and sintering |
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