DE1053560B - Device for registering and reading binary signals - Google Patents

Description

NOTICE
THE REGISTRATION
AND ISSUE OF THE
EXPLANATORY NOTES on MARCH 26, 1959

Applicant:

The British Tabulating Machine Company Limited, London

Representative:
Dipl.-Ing. W. Cohausz and Dipl.-Ing. W. Florack,

Patent attorneys,
Düsseldorf, Schumannstr. 97

Claimed priority: Great Britain January 26, 1956

The invention relates to storage systems for

Information od. The like. In which the information for the registration and reading

art is stored that certain magnetization binary sianals

areas on a magnetizable part, e.g. B. a "

Magnetic tape, a magnetic drum or a magnetic 5 · '■

disc, are formed.

It is common practice to register and read signals on the magnetizable part by means of control pulses to control, these are synchronized with the movement of the magnetizable part. At a Magnetic drums are z. B. the control pulses taken from a path on which a pulse in each Position is pre-registered in which a signal can be registered on the information paths. It however, a phonic wheel or a photoelectric pulse generator can also be used for the same purpose can be used, these devices being synchronized with the drum. Similarly, can a magnetic tape can also be used, which has a path on which the control pulses are registered are.

The control pulses are used to synchronize the reading and registration, so that the signals in certain known positions of the magnetizable part are registered and the output of a reading head appears at the desired time. In many cases the meaning of the registered signal becomes determined by the time relationship between the output of the reading head and the control pulses.

In particular when using a magnetic tape, however, the use of a control pulse path the space available for storing information is considerably limited. There is also a high degree of uniformity in the magnetic properties of the tape required, as there are several information paths

can be, which under the control by an «

umpteen control impulse can be registered and read.

Each of at least three spaced apart due to undesirable properties of the tape Imprecision of the control pulse affects 4 ° the pulses of alternating polarity for each one thereby providing the corresponding position for all information registering binary signal, and which one tracks. Contains device that responds to an applied signal

The invention aims at a device for a certain binary value responds in such a way that magnetic registration of binary signals, in which it uses a pair of consecutive pulses of a Reading is improved by a self-control process 45 selects the correct polarity sequence, and the and is facilitated, that is, by a method in which the applied signal of the other binary value is applied to the Using a source for synchronized speaks that it is a pair of consecutive pulses Control pulses is not required. of the opposite polarity sequence selects, where a

The purpose of the invention is also a device to assign the selected pair of pulses to a recording head a self-controlled reading of magnetic 5 ° is carried out, which the pulses as separate magnetization

John Joshua Sharp, Stevenage, Hertfordshire

(Great Britain), has been named as the inventor

registered binary signals.

According to the invention, in particular a device for registering binary signals is provided, which contains a pulse generator that has a group

application areas on a magnetizable part.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention is also a device for reading binary

809787/375

Signals are provided in which the binary signals on a magnetizable part as separate magnetization areas are registered, which represent pulse pairs, each consisting of one pulse of each polarity, where the polarity sequence of each pair is determined by the binary meaning of the signal shown and where the pulse pairs are in antiphase are applied to two inputs of a shut-off circuit, which when a pulse of one polarity is received at one input passes a pulse of the same polarity that is applied to the other input is so that an output pulse from the shut-off circuit is only delivered when the first one occurs Pulse of a pair of pulses applied to one input has the same polarity.

Embodiments of the invention are described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

1 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a recording device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows diagrams for a more detailed explanation of the mode of operation of the one shown in FIG. 1 Device serve;

Fig. 3 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a reading device according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows diagrams for explaining the mode of operation of the device according to FIG. 3;

Fig. 5 shows details of the circuit diagram of Fig. 1;

FIG. 6 shows details of the circuit diagram according to FIG. 3.

In the test operation, the information on (from) the embodiment to be described registered or read from a magnetic tape moving at a speed of about 250 'cm / sec (100 "/ sec) ran with approximately 267 signals per cm (666 signals per inch). The time intervals between successive signals were therefore 15 microseconds. The pulse widths and intervals in the different waveforms, which will be discussed in the following description, keep it the above conditions.

A binary signal, that is, a signal that has one or the other of two possible meanings has, e.g. B. "1" or "0" is registered as a pair of pulses, whereby the two pulses of the pair of pulses have different polarity and there is a certain distance between the pulses; the polarity sequence for a "1" the polarity sequence for a "0" is opposite.

The signals to be registered are supplied in binary form by an input device 2 (FIG. 1), the signals appearing as relatively high or low voltage values B for a "0" or a "1" (FIG. 2). Control pulses A (FIG. 2) are supplied by a control pulse source 1. These pulses are not synchronized with the tape, but they are received by the device, e.g. B. a counter, which generates the information signals at the input device 2. They are required to convert the DC information signals into pulse shapes so that they can be recorded as separate areas of magnetization on the tape.

Each control pulse from the source 1 switches (triggers) a test pulse generator 3, so that it produces an output pulse C (Fig. 2) of 4 microseconds duration, which is a cathode follower applied to a 3 a 4 Nullprüfsperre. The lock 4 is designed so that it opens when a "0" signal is received from the input device 2, but remains closed when a "!" Signal is received from the input device 2. The output pulse from circuit 3 is also applied to a delay circuit consisting of three delay elements 5, 6 and 7.

The delays introduced by these elements determine the distance between the two to the Registration of the signals used two pulses, and the distance is such that it is approximately is equal to the time it takes for a point in the registration part to clear the gap in the registration head to cross. At a feed speed of approximately 250 cm / sec (100 "/ sec) for the recording medium and with a gap of about 12.5 μ at the recording head, the distance is 2 microseconds; this value is used as a basis in the following description. It is also assumed that that the duration of the registration pulses is 1 microsecond in each case.

The delay element 5 introduces a delay of 2 microseconds for reasons that will be explained in more detail below; elements 6 and 7 each introduce a 3 microsecond delay; the test pulse generated in the pulse circuit 3 is therefore alternately applied to each of the three registration pulse generator circuits 8, 9 and 10. Each of these generator circuits is designed so that it is caused by the test pulse to generate a 1 microsecond registration pulse D, E and F (FIG. 2).

The registration pulses from circles 8 and 10 are transmitted via cathode amplifiers 8 a and 10 a, respectively Locks 11 or 12 created. The registration pulse from circle 9 is transmitted via a cathode amplifier 9 a and an inverter 13 applied to one half of the divided primary part of a transformer 14, the is connected to a test head 48 via a line 49; this interacts with a magnetic tape 50.

If the zero test lock 4 is opened when an "O" signal is received from input direction 2, the test pulse from circuit 3 reaches a differentiating circuit 4β, and the differentiated pulse is used to switch on (trigger) circuit 15, which has a " stroboscopic «output pulse G (Fig. 2) of 10 microseconds in duration generated. This stroboscopic impulse controls the gates 11 and 12 in such a way that the impulse opens the former and closes the second. The outputs of the locks 11 and 12 are applied to the other half of the primary winding of the transformer 14.

In operation, therefore, a control pulse from the source 1 initially generates a test pulse, which by the Check lock 4 passed if the signal supplied by input device 2 is a "0" represents; however, the signal is suppressed if it represents a "1". 2 microseconds later, a The first registration pulse is generated by the pulse generator 8 and passes through the barrier 11 to the registration head circuit only when the lock 11 is open, and this is the case when the original test pulse got through the lock 4, so the input signal represents a "0".

This is made possible by the 2 microsecond delay in generating the first registration pulse Insertion of the circuit 15 when a test pulse passes through lock 4, and the opening of the lock 11 by the stroboscopic pulse from circle 15 before the input of the first registration pulse the latter lock.

At 3 microsecond intervals after creation of the first registration pulse become a second

and generates a third registration pulse; the second pulse is inverted by the inverter 13 and into the transformer 14 is introduced, and the third pulse passes through lock 12 when a "1" signal is supplied by input device 2, or it is suppressed if the input signal is "0" represents.

The second pulse is therefore always fed to the transformer 14 and either the first one goes to it Registration pulse first, or it is followed by the "third" registration pulse, depending on whether the input signal represents a "0" or a "1".

The operation of the recording device in the event that a "O" signal, a "!" - signal follows is represented by the curves of Figure 2, except for the already mentioned modes of vibration under H, the first recording pulse shown in the, like. it passed through barrier 11 and the third registration pulse passed through barrier 12; at / the second registration pulse in reverse form and at 7 the output form of the transformer 14.

From waveform J it can be seen that the registration signals corresponding to an input signal "0" are negative pulses of 1 microsecond duration, which are followed 2 microseconds later by a positive 1 microsecond pulse, and that in the case of an input signal "1" the positive pulse of 1 microsecond duration appears before the negative pulse, ie the polarity sequence of the pulse pair representing a "1" is reversed to the polarity sequence of the pulse pair representing a "0".

The control pulses are necessary to bring in the input signal in successive digit times, so as to determine which value is represented since consecutive digits are the same Type can be represented by a continuous signal of the corresponding voltage level.

Other forms of input signals can be taken into account by appropriately modifying the input circuit will. So z. B. the input signal a positive pulse for "1" and a negative one Have an impulse for "0". The input signal is then applied directly to the differentiating circuit 4 a, so that the circle 15 is set to "0" in the manner described and the lock 4 is superfluous. That The input signal is also applied to the pulse generator 3 and not the control pulses. The pulse generator is changed to generate an output pulse on every input pulse regardless of the Polarity. The rest of the circle then works as described above.

In the circuit diagram of FIG. 1, the various pulse generator circuits are shown as switching devices that are stable in one position (monostable trigger) or multivibrators (flip-flops) shown, but this is only a schematic example; other types of circles can also be used that have the desired Deliver output pulses when the appropriate pulses are applied.

The reading, which can be done according to a self-steering method, if there is a registration, in the binary values are represented by pairs of pulses of opposite polarity, e.g. B. those described by the Registrations made facilities is described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. The following description is based on the fact that the insertion speed of the registrant Partly about 250 cm / sec and the recording head again has a gap of 12.5 μ.

The signal which is picked up by a reading head 45 from a magnetic tape 49 has the form A in Fig. 4; it becomes a preamplifier 16. (Fig. 3), the output of which is applied to the primary winding of a transformer 17, the secondary winding of which is divided. The ends of the secondary winding of this transformer are connected to two generators 18 and 19, respectively, which supply square-wave pulses; the input signal is thus fed to these two generators in antiphase, as curves B and C in FIG. 4 show.

The generators 18 and 19 are normally kept fully conductive by a positive voltage applied to the center tap of the transformer. When a negative signal, the amplitude of which is higher than the bias applied to the center tap of the transformer 17, is applied to the primary winding of this transformer, the generator 18 produces a positive pulse in the output circuit, as the pulse shape D in Fig. 4 shows. A corresponding effect occurs when a sufficiently high positive pulse is applied to the input of transformer 17; the generator 19 then generates a positive pulse in the output circuit, as curve E in FIG. 4 shows.

From the waveforms A, B and C of Fig. 4 it can be seen that each signal picked up by the reading head generates a positive pulse in the output circuit of the generators 18 and 19, the pulse generated by the generator 18 first following a »1 «Signal and the pulse generated by generator 19 appears first after a» 0 «signal.

The output pulse of the generator 18 is applied to a differentiating circuit 20, and the differentiated pulse controls a generator 21 for stroboscopic pulses. The stroboscopic pulse appearing at the output of this generator, represented in FIG. 4 by waveform F , has a duration of 10 microseconds and it is used to open a barrier 22 for the duration of this time. The barrier 22 is also supplied with the output pulse of the generator 19, which passes through the barrier in order to register a "1" if this pulse occurs after the pulse from the generator 18. The pulse from generator 19 is, however, suppressed if it arrives at barrier 22 before the pulse from generator 18 has initiated the generation of the stroboscopic pulse which opens the barrier; if this block then does not provide an output, an »O ¹ « signal is registered.

The output signals from the barrier 22 pass via line 47 to a suitable output direction 46, the z. B. can be a registration or a computing device.

Curves D and F of FIG. 4 show a pulse of the generator 18 which occurs on the one hand during the stroboscopic pulse and on the other hand before the stroboscopic pulse; the resulting output of the barrier 22 is represented by curve G in each case.

The special form of the signal coming from the reading head, i.e. the positive pulse that is generated in a negative impulse passes over in the case of a "!" signal, in the present case is due to the Double pulse method of the registration method used, with the distance between the two Pulses is chosen with a view to the effective gap width of the reading head, so that the two pulses

merge to make the quick transition you want to manufacture. However, the reading device can also be used to read any type of registration which produces waveforms which have two parts of alternating polarity, the order being reversed for two binary signals.

As with the registration device according to FIG. 1, the generator 21 for the stroboscopic pulses (FIG. 3) shown schematically as a switch or toggle switch that is stable in one switching position, but it can also contain some other suitable means which will follow a pulse of suitable duration generates an incoming pulse.

FIG. 5 shows details of the circuit shown schematically in FIG. 1, the same reference symbols being used for the same elements. The input line 1 α for the control pulses is connected via a capacitance 25 to the left grid of a double triode 3, which is designed as a switch that is stable in one switch position (monostable trigger) and delivers a test pulse of 4 microseconds duration when the positive front of an applied control pulse is received can. The output pulse of the generator 3 is applied via a capacitance 26 to the grid of a cathode amplifier 3 α , which is represented by the left part of the double triode 3 a, 8 a ; the cathode output of this part is applied to a delay line 5, 6, 7 and also via line T to the control grid of a blocking tube 4, to whose braking grid the signal input is applied via line 2 α.

The pulse applied to the delay line reaches a junction to which the left control grid of a double triode 8 connected as a simple stable switch is connected, after a delay of 2 microseconds. The switch responds to the positive front of the pulse from the delay line and generates a positive pulse of 1 microsecond duration. Corresponding switches 9 and 10 respond to the same pulse that is fed from a further tap and the end of the delay line; in these cases the delay is a further 3 microseconds. The 1 microsecond pulse from switch 8 is applied to the grid of a cathode amplifier 8 α , which is formed by the right part of the double triode 3 a, 8 a ; the corresponding pulses from switches 9 and 10 are applied to the left and right grid of a cathode amplifier pair 9 a, 10 a , which is formed by the two triode parts of a double triode 9 α, IQa . The cathode output pulses from these three cathode amplifiers are applied to the control grids of tubes 11, 13 and 12 via lines P 1, P 2 and P 3.

The blocking tube 4 is controlled by the signals that are applied to its braking grid in such a way that it blocks when a "1" signal occurs on the line 2 α , whereby an output pulse is prevented from being generated in connection with the test pulse, which is applied to the control grid via line T. If sin "O" signal on line 2 a occurs, the potential is raised to the height of the cathode on the brake grid of the tube 4 so that the tube is conducting, the test pulse Λτεηη applied to the control grid "vird. The output pulse is differentiated by capacitance 27 and resistor 28, which together form element 4 a of FIG. 1; the differentiated front front of the pulse is applied via a diode 29 to the left grid of a double triode 15, which is designed as a switch that is stable in one switching position.

Switch 15 responds to an applied pulse in such a way that it emits a stroboscopic pulse from

10 microsecond duration is generated during which the left anode of the switch is at high potential and the right anode is at low potential. These anodes are each connected to one end of potential dividers which are formed by pairs of resistors 30, 31 and 32, 33, the other ends of the dividers being connected to a line N with negative potential

ίο and the connections between the resistors of the Pairs to the brake grids of the tubes 11 and 12 are applied.

The control grids of the tubes 4, 11, 12, 13 are, in each case via capacitors 34, 35, 36 and 37 to the lines T, Pl, P 3 and P 2 and also to a line 51 with negative bias in each case via resistors, e.g. B. 38, and diodes, e.g. B. 39, connected. Through these connections it is achieved that the lock

11 opens to allow a pulse applied on line P1 to pass, and lock 12 closes and blocks a pulse that is applied on line P 3 6 microseconds later when an "0" signal appears on line 2a ; these blocking conditions are reversed when a "1" signal appears on line 2 α. In both cases, a pulse on line P 2 is passed through tube 13.

The anodes of the barrier 11 and 12 are common to one side of the center tapped primary windings of the transformer 14 is applied, and the anode of the tube 13 is with the other side of this Winding connected; the center tap is with the positive line P connected. The secondary winding of the transformer 14 is provided with a recording head 48 of the usual type (FIG. 1) are connected via lines 49.

Fig. 6 shows details of the circuit of the reading device according to FIG. 3, wherein in the two figures the same switching elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.

The preamplifier 16 (FIG. 3) contains a two-stage i? C-coupled amplifier 16 a, 16 & conventional design, which is followed by a cathode amplifier 16 c . The input, which comes from a reading head 45 (Fig. 3) to the preamplifier, is applied to the primary winding of a step-up transformer 40, the secondary winding of which is connected between the control grid of the tube 16 a and the zero potential line 0 . The cathode of the cathode amplifier 16c is connected via a load resistor 41 to a line N of negative potential; the output is applied to the primary winding of a transformer 17, which is connected between the cathode and the line O. The secondary winding of the transformer 17 has a center tap which is connected to a point of positive bias of a voltage divider circuit which is connected between the positive line P and the zero line O. The ends of the secondary winding of the transformer 17 are connected to the grids of the two triode parts 19 and 18 of a double triode. The anode of the right part 18 is connected to the left grid of a further double triode 21, which is designed as a switch that is stable in one switching position, via a differentiating circuit consisting of a capacitance 42 and a resistor 43 and the element 20 of FIG. 3 corresponds to; the connection also runs via a diode 44. The diode 44 is connected in such a way that only positive differentiated pulses are applied to the switch 21. The anode of the left triode part 19 is connected to the control grid of a pentode 22.

The parts 18 and 19 are arranged so that they normally conduct; however, if a negative signal, the amplitude of which is greater than the positive bias of the center tap of the transformer 17 If the grid of a part of the tube is applied, the corresponding anode potential rises and causes a positive output pulse. The order in which the two parts of the tube give such output pulses depends on the type of input signal. So when a "1" signal is applied, that is · a positive one Pulse followed by a negative pulse, the output pulse of the triode part 18 occurs before that of the triode part 19 appears. The output pulse from the triode part 18 is sent to a double triode 21 is applied, which is designed as a simple-stable switch, and there is a positive pulse of Generated 10 microseconds duration and applied to the braking grid of the lock 22.

An output pulse from the triode part 19 is applied to the control grid of the tube 22, which only then delivers an output signal when your control grid and your braking grid receive pulses at the same time. If the output pulse from the triode part 19 occurs before that of part 18, the signals fall do not coincide at the grids of the barrier 22, and the barrier 22 does not provide an output signal. But when the pulses of the triode part 18 precede the pulses of the triode part 19, prolongs the effect of the Switch 21 the pulse applied to the braking grid of the lock 22, and the signal at the control grid of the Lock appears during this period. In this case, there is therefore an output pulse by blocking 22, which corresponds to a "!" Input signal of the reading head 45. Therefore, impulses from the The lock is only passed on to the output device via line 47 when the reading head 45 is on "1" signal ordered.

Claims (11)

Patent claims: 1. Device for registering binary signals, characterized by a pulse generator, the one group of at least three spaced apart pulses alternating Polarity for each binary signal to be registered is provided by a device that operates on a applied signal of a certain binary value responds in such a way that it is a pair of the successive Selects pulses of a certain polarity sequence and which responds to an applied signal of the other binary value in such a way that that they are a pair of successive pulses of opposite polarity sequence selects, as well as by devices that feed a selected pair of pulses to a recording head, the applies the pulses as separate magnetization areas on a magnetizable part. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulse generator has a Contains a pulse generator which supplies pulses to at least three delay devices, and by means for picking up the pulses of the pulse group from the individual delay devices, the circuit being so designed is that there is a polarity reversal of successive pulses of the group. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized by a device which sends a test pulse directly from the pulse generator decreases, the means for selecting a pulse pair responds to the test pulse and a signal of a predetermined binary meaning together. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the means for choosing one Pulse pair has an input block to which the test pulse and a signal to be registered can be applied, and the test pulse only lets through if the signal mentioned is the specified has binary meaning. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device to select a pair of pulses has a generator for generating stroboscopic pulses, which responds to a signal of a predetermined binary meaning and controls a lock to which the mentioned pulse group is applied, the lockout a first pulse or a third Pulse the group can suppress, depending on whether the generator for the stroboscopic Impulse comes into action or not. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the generator for stroboscopic Impulse is designed as a stable switch in one switching position, which is unstable in its Switch position can be switched when a test signal is received from the input lock and that in the time intervals between successive applied signals in its stable Toggles state. 7. Device according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the delay device Contains sections of an electrical delay line. 8. Device according to one of claims 5, 6 and 7, characterized in that the locking device can suppress the third pulse if a binary "O" signal is sent to the device to select a pair of consecutive pulses is applied so that when a binary "O" signal a first and a second pulse is selected, and that the first pulse can be suppressed if a binary "1" signal is applied to the selection device, see above that when a binary "1" signal is received, a second and a third pulse can be selected he follows. 9. Device for reading binary signals on a magnetizable part as a separate Areas of magnetization are registered, characterized by a device that is used by the magnetizable part decreases pulse pairs, each consisting of a pulse of each polarity, wherein the polarity sequence of each pulse pair is determined by the binary meaning of the signal displayed is, and by a device, which these pulses in antiphase to the two inputs can create a shut-off circuit, which following the supply of a pulse of a certain polarity at one input an incoming pulse of the same at the other input Polarity can pass, so that an output pulse only emanates from the shut-off circuit, if the first pulse of a pair of pulses applied to one input is the one mentioned above has the former polarity. 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the shut-off circuit is a lock contains and a device that, in the event of a pulse occurring in a pulse pair, of a 809- 787/375 Correct polarity provides an opening pulse for the barrier, the phase-reversed pulse pair is applied directly to the lock. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that that the mentioned device for generating a pulse is a circuit in a switching position stable switch that is switched to its unstable state when a pulse the mentioned polarity is received, and that in the time interval between successive applied Switches to its stable switching state. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings