DE1051243B - Low-foaming wetting agents - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

PATENT 1 051 TO ME LETAG:

NOTICE THE REGISTRATION AND ISSUE OF EDITORIAL:

ISSUE OF PATENT LETTERING:

DBP 1051243 kl. 8 ο -

INTERNAT. KL. D 06 1 AUGUST 13, 1956

FEBRUARY 26, 1959

APRIL 21, 1966

DIVERS FROM

EDITORIAL

1 051 243 (B 41374 IV c / 8 o)

It is known that ethylene oxide addition products to higher molecular weight organic compounds, which contain exchangeable hydrogen atoms bonded via oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, surface-active Possess properties. Of these products, those with hydrocarbon residues show less than 12 carbon atoms mainly network properties, while products with higher molecular weight Hydrocarbon radicals with 12 or more carbon atoms mainly have emulsifying properties. These differences become even more characteristic when one looks at the connections with fewer than 12 carbon atoms, mainly those with fewer than five ethylene oxide groups contained in the molecule and from the higher molecular weight compounds of 12 and more carbon atoms those which contain more than four ethylene oxide groups in the molecule.

It has been found that the compounds have fewer than 12 carbon atoms and less than five ethylene oxide groups in the molecule have a relatively low solubility in water, so that it it is necessary to use certain proportions of the above-mentioned higher molecular weight compounds as emulsifiers to use if you want to produce useful wetting agents. Have such mixtures however, the disadvantage that they foam too much for a number of purposes, which is primarily is due to the properties of the higher molecular weight compounds.

It has now been found that technically useful wetting agents can be obtained if such Mixtures of small amounts of fatty acids or sparingly soluble salts of fatty acids, in particular Salts of the alkaline earth or earth metals added. These combinations are clearly soluble in water excellent wetting effect and a very low foaming effect, which are practically neglected can.

The ethylene oxide addition products used are descendants of medium or high levels. higher molecular weight alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, mercaptans, amines, carboxamides, sulfonamides and the like, the hydrocarbon radicals of which also include heteroatoms or heteroatom groups or substituents may contain. Instead of the products of the addition of ethylene oxide there are also starting materials other alkylene oxide addition products, such as propylene oxide addition products, etc., into consideration.

The proportion of compounds with 12 or more carbon atoms and more than four ethylene oxide groups in the mixture is only slight. It is about 2 to 25%, preferably 8 to 12%, of the amount network-effective connections.

Low-foaming wetting agents

Patented for:

Böhme Fettchemie G.m.b.H., Düsseldorf

Dr. Hans Wedell, Düsseldorf-Holthausen / has been named as the inventor

As fatty acids, according to the invention, the foaming aqueous solutions or dispersions of these Substances that are added as antifoam agents are primarily high molecular weight, saturated or unsaturated Fatty acids such as capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid etc. as well as their mixtures, as z. B. in animal or vegetable fatty acid mixtures, such as tallow fatty acids, Coconut oil fatty acids, or in the higher molecular weight carboxylic acids of paraffin oxidation, into consideration. In addition, can also. higher molecular weight branched, aliphatic carboxylic acids or those which still have substituents, such as hydroxyl groups, are used. Further also come other higher molecular carboxylic acids, such as. B. naphthenic acids and the like., Into consideration. On Place of the higher molecular weight carboxylic acids, in particular. whose fatty acids ^ can, as already mentioned above, with particular advantage their sparingly soluble metal salts, in particular calcium, magnesium and aluminum salts use. It is not necessary for the salts to be used as such, but for them can also be formed in the solution by reaction by e.g. B. in addition to the fatty acids at the same time stoichiometric or sub-stoichiometric amounts of water-soluble metal salts, such as magnesium acetate, Calcium formate, etc. are used.

To achieve the purpose according to the invention, the fatty acids or their salts are added

to the solutions of the alkylene oxide addition products in amounts of 0.5 to 30%, preferably of about 2 to 10%, based on the amount of alkylene oxide addition products used. The addition of the Fatty acids can also be made to the addition products themselves.

The wetting agents obtained are suitable for all types of application where there is a need for low-foam or Foam-free work is important, e.g. B. for dye baths, sizing liquors, Beuch baths, etc., especially for

609 556/449

all network processes that use machine devices. _Ί

It is already from the German patent 686 311 a mixture of Äthylenoxydanlagungspfodukte known of alcohols with carboxylic acids. This two-component system is said to have better properties than when using the

German Patent 605 973 known ethylene oxide addition products is the case with alcohols, which have a high wetting, cleaning and foaming power. However, it was found to have the known mixture has both a poor wetting power and a low foaming power, as shown in the following Test report shows:

Serial No.

product

Foam height
after
Ramming process
in cm after 60
Seconds Network times according to Posing
of yarn wraps 10
Seconds 3 DIN 53901
(Diving net) 5 seconds 5 15th 18 seconds over 10 minutes *) 2 360 seconds over 10 minutes 7th 1 253 seconds 9 seconds 5 8 seconds

1. lg / 1 decanol with 2 moles of ethylene oxide

2. 0.2 g / l tetradecanol with 10 moles of ethylene oxide

(according to German patent specification 605 973)

3. 0.2 g / l tetradecanol with 10 moles of ethylene oxide

+ 0.1 g / l tallow fatty acid (according to German patent specification 686 311)

4. 1 g / l decanol with 2 moles of ethylene oxide + 0.2 g / l

Tetradecanol with 10 moles of ethylene oxide

+ 0.1 g / l tallow fatty acid

*) = No boundary between foam and liquid.

To carry out the tests, the corresponding mixtures were melted together homogenized. Before the measurements were carried out, all aqueous solutions or dispersions were Stirred for 15 minutes at 25 ° C. The test was carried out in water at 25 ° C and 10 ° dH.

The superiority of the three-component system according to the invention is clear from the results emerged. It should be particularly emphasized that the solutions of type no. 4 are completely stable during cream the solutions of type no. 1 very quickly. This means that the different values can also be found in the net rows their explanation. The products of type no. 1 accumulate on the surface and therefore give better values compared to mixture no. 4 according to the invention in the case of the throwing method accordingly, the values behave in reverse with the immersion network method. The importance of the products of type no. 1 as a wetting agent is greatly reduced for this reason.

example 1

The foaming power of an aqueous wetting agent solution containing 0.25 g / l of the adduct of 2 moles of ethylene oxide with nonyl alcohol and 0.025 g / l of the adduct of 8 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of a fatty alcohol mixture C ₁₂ to C ₁₈ is determined using one of the customary foam determination methods according to the journal "Seifen — öle — Fette — Wachse", 1955, p. 277, with 500 cm ^{3 of} the solution being tested in a 1000 cm ³ measuring cylinder. The agent shows a foam height of 8.2 cm after 60 seconds. After adding 0.025 g of tallow fatty acid and 0.005 g of magnesium acelate to the solution, the foam height falls to 3.5 cm.

The wetting agent is particularly suitable for dye liquors, where it is important to be foam-free work to achieve an even color through.

Example 2

An aqueous wetting liquor which contains 1 g / l of the addition product of 2.9 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of n-decanol and 0.2 g / l of the addition product of 8 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of a fatty alcohol mixture G ₁₂ to C ₁₈ is according to Addition of 0.2 g of tallow fatty acid and 0.05 g of magnesium acetate, practically foam-free.

Claims (1)

P ATENT to s PR υ c H. Use of mixtures containing higher molecular weight carboxylic acids, especially fatty acids and / or their sparingly soluble metal salts and besides Addition products of less than 5 moles of alkylene oxides to higher molecular weight, exchangeable Organic compounds containing hydrogen atoms with a maximum of 12 carbon atoms in the Molecule small amounts of the addition products of more than 4 moles of alkylene oxides with higher molecular weight ones, organic compounds containing exchangeable hydrogen atoms with at least Contains 12 carbon atoms in the molecule, as a low-foaming wetting agent in aqueous solutions or dispersions. Considered publications:
German Patent Nos. 605 973, 686 311;
Schwartz-Perry, Surface Active Agents (1949), p.516; JJ Bikermann, "Foams," 1953, p. 301;
H. Stüpel, "Synthetic Washing and Cleaning Agents", 1954, pp. 199 and 202.