DE1043945B - Forklift and auxiliary equipment for driving on a forklift - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a forklift truck, in particular for loading, unloading and reloading large containers for rail vehicles, with a mast on which a slide is guided so that it can be moved vertically, in turn a load carrier, z. B. a fork, a door, a clamp, a boom or the like, wearing.

The difficulties stand in the way of a greater expansion of the rail transport of large containers which the envelope of the large containers prepares. The containers must be empty and loaded during of the transport from the sender to the recipient are implemented several times in a limited space. They have to be removed from the ground, from a ramp, from a truck or from the railroad car be picked up and dropped off there. In addition, the containers must be at the loading stations and be driven over short distances on public roads. The facility for this must be a very enable fast work with a minimum of manpower and equipment. aside from that it is desirable to be able to carry the loading device on the train. The loading device is supposed to for this purpose, if possible, be able to drive onto the rail vehicle with their own power.

It is known to use heavy forklifts of conventional design for moving large railway containers. These forklifts have a load capacity of up to 12,000 kg at a ^{distance of 120 ° 1} mm between the center of gravity and the back of the fork. The dead weight of such a forklift is 16,000 kg, its length without load and without forks 5.90 m and with a container picked up 8.90 m. These values result in a wheel pressure that is not found at many transshipment stations and on many public roads in Europe is permissible. In addition, the width of such a forklift truck, which is 2920 mm, exceeds the width of 2500 mm permitted in German road traffic. The loading of such a forklift onto a rail vehicle is very cumbersome because of its high dead weight and its clumsiness and cannot be carried out under one's own power.

The usual crane loading of large containers requires a stationary crane system, which represents a very large effort. Either every single railroad car must be among the The crane must be maneuvered or the crane must be maneuverable. With such a system everyone must Transhipment point of the container a crane can be provided.

In principle, the known long goods forklifts, in which the guide mast can be moved transversely to the direction of travel in the vehicle body, can also be used
for driving on a forklift

Applicant:

United West Germans

Waggonfabriken Aktiengesellschaft,

Cologne-Deutz, Deutz-Mülheimer Str. 131

Dr.-Ing. Julius Ulsamer, Junkersdorf near Cologne,

and Hans Kagel, Bergisch Gladbach,

have been named as inventors

is stored and the long goods are placed on a platform divided by the mast guideways can be used to move large containers. However, these forklifts have too little standing moment, because the load is received outside of the vehicle body. The total width of the loaded The vehicle is too big for road traffic, because the drive unit and the Driver's seat are arranged laterally next to the loading platform.

The invention is based on the object of a device for loading, unloading and reloading of large containers to create, which avoids the disadvantages of the known systems described above, entrainment in a train and can drive onto a rail vehicle under its own power.

The invention is based for this purpose on a known type of forklifts in which the Mast is slidably guided on the vehicle body. The mast movement is parallel to the movement which the load carrier makes during loading and unloading in order to drive out under the load or under the load. According to the invention, such a forklift receives height-adjustable, approximately vertical supports that are guided horizontally displaceably with their upper ends on the load carriers and outside the vehicle in the vicinity of the load to be accepted or deposited, e.g. B. on the floor of the rail vehicle, can be put on. The supports are used as lifting devices, e.g. B. as hydraulic Working cylinder, trained. Their horizontal displacement relative to the load carrier can be achieved by a special drive device, for example a hydraulic cylinder, take place.

'& 0Ϊ 67.8 / 719

A forklift truck is known which has special equipment for picking up a stack of hollow Objects such as B. tires. This special equipment consists of one on the normal lifting carriage fixed vertical beam, which is provided at its upper end with forward-facing brackets is. A slide can be moved horizontally in the direction of travel on these arms. This Sledge carries several, downwardly directed, extendable pillars that are attached to the sled by horizontal ones Axes are hinged to each other pivotable. The pillars are evenly distributed on one Circle with a hydraulic cylinder rigidly connected to the slide in the middle. The lower end of the extendable cylinder part is connected to each of the radially extending rods extendable column parts, namely a little above the lower ends of the column, articulated. the The upper ends of the column are mounted in a radially adjustable manner in the horizontally displaceable slide. The columns and the hydraulic cylinder connected to them do not represent supports within the meaning of the invention, because they are not intended and also not able to carry a larger part of the load forces on the Support the roadway or on the floor of a rail vehicle.

Rather, the pillars serve to move radially outward after being lowered into a stack of tires to be able to pick up the entire stack without any special gripping device. When spreading apart the lower ends of the column by extending the hydraulic cylinder must be the Support pillars on the ground to generate the necessary, radially outwardly directed force components to obtain. To support the load forces or even to lift the load carrier facing wheels of the forklift, this construction is not able, because the pillars with further extension of the spreader cylinder initially further apart radially and when exceeded the horizontal position of the radial connecting rods are moved together again would have to, with the column feet under full load with the weight portion of the load allotted to them and the vehicle would have to slide on its support surface.

The advantageous effects that can be achieved with a forklift truck according to the invention and others Features of the invention emerge from the description of the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing emerged.

Fig. 1 shows a side view of the forklift picking up a large container from one Rail vehicle;

Fig. 2 shows an intermediate phase during the takeover of the container; the

Fig. 3 and 4 show the forklift driving onto a rail vehicle in two phases using a first embodiment of the auxiliary device required for this;

Fig. 5 shows a somewhat modified embodiment of a detail;

FIG. 6 shows a plan view of the fork lift truck driven onto a rail vehicle; the

Fig. 7 and 8 show the forklift driving onto a rail vehicle in two phases using a differently structured auxiliary device.

The frame of the truck consists of two longitudinal members 1 and 2 with a cross connection 3 and one further cross connection in the form of the wheel axle 4. The two longitudinal members 1 and 2 have guide tracks 5 for those attached to the foot 6 of the mast 7 Guide rollers 8. On the mast 7, the lifting carriage 11 is vertical by means of the guide rollers 9 and 10 slidably guided. For the transverse displacement, a special, z. B. hydraulic drive provided be. The two forks can be laterally displaced to a limited extent in the guideways 12 of the lifting carriage 11 stored. The forks consist of a vertical leg 13 and an inwardly facing one horizontal leg 14. The truck is driven by a motor 15, which has a Steering engine 16 on the steering drive wheels 17 works. Near the steering engine, for example under the vehicle frame, a counterweight 18 can be provided in special cases. The two Longitudinal beams 1 and 2 carry hydraulically extendable supports 19 at their front ends in addition, a guide surface 20 for the lower guide roller 10 of the lifting carriage 11. The guide surface 20 forms in the foremost position of the mast 7 an extension of that located on this mast Guide surfaces down and allows the horizontal legs 14 of the forks to be lowered down to the roadway, as is the case when picking up containers from the roadway or Placing the container on the roadway is required.

On the outside of the fork legs 13 guides 21 are provided in which two carriages 22 by means of the Guide rollers 23 are slidably guided. The shift takes place via hydraulic working cylinders 24, which is articulated at 25 on the associated carriage 22 and at 26 on the rear part of the forks are.

The fork legs 13 can also be used as box-shaped hollow parts with two mutually parallel, perpendicular ones Side walls are formed. In this case, the guides for the carriage 22, the Carriage 22 itself and the support presses 30 carried by them between the side walls of the This way created, downwardly open box can be accommodated.

In order to receive a large container 27 from the rail vehicle 28, the mast 7 according to FIG. 1 driven to the outside. Now the forks 13, 14 are lowered so far down that they after a Transverse displacement with its horizontal legs 14 laterally under the bottom of the with an auxiliary landing gear 29 provided container 27 can grab. Of course, the forks can also be made in the usual Can be drained beforehand and moved under the container with a pure longitudinal movement. The carriages 22 are brought into their position adjacent to the mast, and those carried by them Hydraulic support presses 30 are placed on the floor of the rail vehicle 28. Now he can Container 27 are raised. In this case, the support jacks 30 and the lifting mechanism are acted upon at the same time for the lifting carriage 11 put into operation. Means can be provided which ensure that the lifting force of the presses 30 here is always greater than the lifting force of the elevator for the Carriage 11. It is thus achieved that the load 27 only exerts a slight overturning moment on the vehicle. When the load 27 is lowered, the ratio of the supporting force of the presses 30 to the lifting force is the same of the elevator for the carriage 11 maintained by the means mentioned. Before lifting

If necessary, the support cylinders 19 on the vehicle body can be extended, as shown in FIG Fig. 1 is shown. The mast 7 is now removed from the rail vehicle together with the parts it carries 28 moved away. This can either by acting on the working cylinder 24, by a acting on the mast 7, preferably hydraulic movement device or by interaction both means take place, which in the latter case are advantageously fed from a common pressure oil source so that their power effect is constantly in a fixed mutual relationship. With this movement the carriages 22 with the supports 30 maintain their position relative to the rail vehicle 28. When the front guide rollers 23 of the carriages 22 have reached the front ends of the guide tracks 21 the individual parts of the forklift truck have reached the position shown in Fig. 2. Here, the center of gravity of the load picked up is only a little in front of axis 4 and still less in front of the hydraulic supports 19. Now the supports 30 can be retracted and. the mast 7 be moved further to its end position. The lifting carriage 11 can then be moved down and the container 27 on the surfaces of the longitudinal beams 1, 2 or on a platform lying thereon be dropped off; be discontinued; be deducted; be dismissed. After the supports 19 have been retracted, the forklift is ready to drive.

The transfer of a large container from a forklift truck to a rail vehicle is carried out analogously in reverse order as described above.

The driving up of the forklift according to the invention on the rail vehicle 28 requires an auxiliary device, of which a first embodiment in Figs. 3 to 6 are shown. The auxiliary device consists of one at a longitudinal end of the carriage 28 in its center around a vertical pivot

31 rotatably mounted locking plank 32 for the wheel set 35 of the forklift and one in plan approximately circular curved drive-on ramp 33 for the steering drive wheel 17. The forklift drives across to Direction of travel to the rail vehicle 28. The carriages 22 are up to the outer end of the guideways 21 extended and placed on the floor of the rail vehicle 28. Now is through Acting on the support cylinder 30 by lowering the lifting carriage 11 by means of its lifting drive or brought the forklift into the position shown in Fig. 3 by both measures. By attracting the carriage 22 to the mast 7 by means of the working cylinder 24 or by driving the steering engine 16 the forklift moves into the position shown in Fig. 4. Now, by pulling in the supports 30 or when the carriage 11 is raised, the wheelset 35 is lowered onto the rail vehicle 28. The forklift is pushed further up onto the rail vehicle by driving its steering drive wheel 17 until the wheel set 35 in the receiving groove 34 of the locking beam

32 comes to mind. Now the steering wheel 17 is pivoted 90 ° so that it is in front of the lower end of the Access ramp 33 is located. Duroh drive of the steering drive wheel 17 drives the forklift with its own power Via the ramp 33 onto the rail vehicle 28 and arrives in the position shown in FIG. 6. the Locking plank 32 rotates around pivot 31.

In order to allow the vehicle body to be placed on the outer edge when the forklift has little ground clearance of the rail vehicle 28 at. To prevent retraction of the wheel set 35 in the locking beam 32, the The receiving groove 34 of the locking plank 32 according to FIG. 5 is arranged eccentrically to the axis of rotation of the pivot 31 will.

When the forklift drives onto a rail vehicle according to Figs. 3 to 6, the Forks loaded in the direction from the bottom up. The guide surfaces of the mast 7 for the lifting carriage 11 must therefore be designed in such a way that they also remove this upward moment from the forks can be transferred to the mast. The same applies to the guidance of the mast foot 6 in the vehicle body 1. Auxiliary guide parts are used to transfer this reverse load from the lifting carriage 11 to the mast 7 provided, which are denoted by 36 and 37 in FIGS. 1 to 6.

An opening of the forklift with its own force without reversing the direction of load on the Guiding of the lifting carriage on the mast can be achieved by using an auxiliary device according to FIGS. 7 and 8. In this device, the locking plank 32, which is pivotable about the pin 31 A gallows-shaped boom 39 is attached so that it can pivot about a hinge 38, the pivoting movement of which follows is limited outwards, for example by a chain 40. At the front end of the vehicle body 1 of the A forklift truck is provided with a pulley 41 around which a chain 42 is wrapped. The front end the chain 42 is attached to the boom 39 according to FIG. 7 with the mast 7 in its extreme end position hung up. The rear end of the chain 42 is attached to the foot 6 of the mast 7 at 43. By shifting of the mast 7 away from the rail vehicle 28, the forklift truck is facing the rail vehicle At the end it is raised and reaches the position shown in Fig. 8. The forklift now drives on its own Force by driving its wheelset 17 in the direction of arrow 44 on the rail vehicle 28, wherein the boom 39 folds backwards. The wheels 35 drive into the receiving grooves 34 of the locking beam 32. The rest of the opening process proceeds in the same way as in connection with Fig. 1 to 6 described.

The tightening of the rear end 43 of the chain 42 could also be achieved by fastening the rear end of the chain take place on the lifting carriage 11 after attaching the front end of the chain to the boom 39 is driven upwards. Since the lifting carriage 11, however, when approaching the rail vehicle cannot stand in its lowest position, but rather like this> high that the forks are above the loading platform of the rail vehicle, can, under certain circumstances, the path still available for the displacement of the lifting carriage 11 be too low to bring the front end of the vehicle to the necessary altitude.

Of course, the rear end 43 of the chain 42 with any power drive for the Tightening movement are connected, for example with a mounted in the vehicle body 1 hydraulic Cylinder or a chain winch also mounted in the vehicle body 1.

Because the last-mentioned auxiliary device for driving up the forklift on a rail vehicle does not require hydraulic supports on the load carriers, this device can be used with forklifts of any type; for this reason are in the Fig. 7 and 8 such outrigger supports are not shown.

An alignment or centering device for the ramp is expediently provided on the rail vehicle 28 33 provided that such a position of the ramp 33

ensures that the center of curvature of the floor plan of the ramp is aligned with the axis of rotation 31 of the locking plank 32 coincides. The ramp is easy to take with you on the rail vehicle expediently designed to be dismantled. It is also advisable to train the ramp in such a way that it is on can be set on both sides of the car.

The extendable supports 19 can be conveniently arranged and dimensioned so that they Vehicle body and thus at the same time the forks 13, 14 an inclined position relative to the roadway can give by lifting the wheel set 35 from the roadway. Such an inclination is then Required if the plane in which the upper edges of the rails run is not parallel to the plane of the carriageway is. In this case, the guideways 5, in which the mast base 6 is guided, arranged so that they have a slight slope when the supports 19 are retracted towards the loading side of the forklift. This results in both positions of the The forklift does not have a large gradient in the guideways because of the overall swivel angle that occurs both sides of the exactly horizontal setting is laid.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a turntable can be arranged between the vehicle body, that is to say essentially the longitudinal members 1, 2, and a special intermediate frame carrying the guideways 5. This intermediate frame expediently receives additional, extendable supports at its loading end, since after the intermediate frame has been rotated relative to the vehicle body, the supports provided on the latter can no longer support the intermediate frame. In addition, these additional supports reduce the load on the slewing ring. The turntable allows the intermediate frame to be rotated 90 ° to both sides from the basic position. This makes it possible to take over and set down containers when the forklift is parallel to the direction of the rails. The forklift does not need to swing in at right angles to the rail axis. As a result, the space required for working with the forklift is less than for the version without a turntable.

Claims (17)

Patent claims: 1. Forklift truck, especially for loading, unloading and reloading of large containers for rail vehicles, with a mast that can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and on which a lifting carriage carrying a load carrier (e.g. fork, mandrel, clamp, crane boom) is guided so that it can be moved vertically , characterized by with their upper ends on the load carriers (13, 14) horizontally slidably guided, height-adjustable, approximately vertical supports (30) which are outside the vehicle in the vicinity of the load (27) to be accepted or deposited, e.g. B. on the floor of the rail vehicle (28), or can be placed on the roadway. 2. Forklift truck according to claim 1, characterized in that the supports (30) at the same time as Lifting devices, e.g. B. are designed as a hydraulic working cylinder. 3. A lift truck according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by a drive device (24) for Horizontal displacement of the carriages (22) carrying the supports (30) with respect to the load carriers (13, 14). 4. forklift naah one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that when used a fork as a load carrier, the two fork legs (13, 14) individually transversely in a manner known per se are laterally displaceable to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. 5. Forklift truck according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by retractable, preferably hydraulically operated supports (19) which are outside of the mast (7) in the extended position adjacent wheelset (35) are attached to the vehicle body. 6. A lift truck according to claim 5, characterized by such a dimensioning of the supports (19) on the vehicle body that this lifts off the vehicle body at its loading end the local wheelset (35) can lift off the road. 7. A lift truck according to claim 5 and 6, characterized in that the guide tracks (5), in which the lower end of the mast (6) is guided, with retracted supports (19) to the loading side drop off weakly. 8. Forklift according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by a turntable between the vehicle body and a special intermediate frame that the guideways (5) for the mast (7) carries. 9. A lift truck according to claim 8, characterized in that at the loading end of the Retractable, preferably hydraulically operated supports are provided intermediate frame, by means of whose intermediate frame can be supported on the roadway. 10. Auxiliary device for driving on a forklift according to one of claims 1 to 9, a steering wheel that can be swiveled by at least 90 ° on the side of the vehicle facing away from the loading side owns, with its own power on a rail vehicle, characterized by an on one longitudinal end of the carriage (28) rotatable about a vertical axis (31) in the center thereof mounted locking plank (32) for the dem. Mast (7) in the extended position adjacent wheelset (35) and a drive-on ramp (33) for the steering drive wheel (17), which is approximately circular in plan. 11. Auxiliary device for driving on a forklift, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 9, the one pivotable by at least 90 ° Has the drive wheel on the side of the vehicle facing away from the loading side, with its own power on Rail vehicle, characterized by one at one longitudinal end of the carriage (28) in it Ouermitte about a vertical axis (31) rotatably mounted locking plank (32) for the loading side Wheelset (35) on which a gallows-shaped boom ″ (39) is arranged around a groove parallel to the receiving groove (34) Axis (38) is hinged to the inside completely and limited to the outside pivotable, the. Attach a chain (42) is used around a at the front end of the vehicle body (1) of the forklift attached pulley (41) is laid around and its rear end (43) by any drive in the sense of lifting the loading end of the forklift can be attracted. 12. Auxiliary device according to claim 11, characterized in that the rear end (43) of the Chain (42) is connected to the foot (6) of the mast (7). 1 U4S b> 4Ö 13. Auxiliary device according to claim 11, characterized in that the rear end (43) of the Chain (42) is attached to the lifting carriage (11). 14. Auxiliary device nadh one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the The receiving groove (34) of the locking beam (32) is arranged eccentrically to the axis of rotation (31) of the locking beam is. 15. Auxiliary device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that on Rail vehicle (28) an aligning or centering device for the ramp (33) is provided is such that the center of curvature of the layout of the ramp that has been created coincides with the axis of rotation (31) of the locking plank (32). 16. Auxiliary device according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized by a dismountable Ramp (33). 17. Auxiliary device according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized by such Formation of the ramp (33) that it is on both longitudinal sides of the rail vehicle (28) can be set. Considered publications:
U.S. Patent No. 2687 226. In addition 3 sheets of drawings