DD255873A1 - MEANS FOR INCREASING SALT TOLERANCE IN CULTURAL PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to means for increasing the salt tolerance of crops, preferably cereals on NaCl-salinated soils. As active ingredient they contain fatty acid condensation products of the monoethanolamine of the general formula HOCH2CH2N acyl (C12-C22) HOCH2CH2NR in which R is hydrogen or acyl (C12-C22).

Description

Field of application of the invention

The compositions according to the invention can be used to improve the tolerance of crop plants to salt contamination, in particular to sodium chloride.

Characteristic of the known state of the art

It is known that about 1 billion hectares of agricultural land of the earth have yield-reducing salinity in the soil substrate and that by additional irrigation and mineral fertilization, the area ratio still increases. Even in humid climates, the salt concentration in the soil water increases during times of dryness to unfavorable plant physiological values. "It is well known that germinating plants and young plants are particularly susceptible to salt. In order to mitigate these yield-reducing salt effects, soil treatments with gypsum are carried out, for example, but these are associated with an enormous transport and energy expenditure. It is also known to solve the salt problem by breeding salt-tolerant plants. Significant successes have not yet been achieved in this way. By the use of phytohormones and synthetic Wirkungsanaloga the phytohormones improvements are known known (DD-PS 218260, DD-PS 217408, DD-PS 217409 and DD-PS 217410). Even with the application of growth-regulating acting quaternary ammonium bases is known to increase the plant salt tolerance achievable (DD-PS 215686, DD-PS 215688). However, the effect of the phytohormones and synthetic growth regulators is insufficient under certain conditions. The uncertainty of gibberellin and cytokinin with phytohormone character is due i.a. that these substances increase transpiration at the same time and thereby lower the water status stability of the plants. When using the growth inhibitor chlorocholine chloride, the threshold of growth-inhibiting influences can be exceeded under salt conditions, so that then no yield advantages result from using funds. Furthermore, the production of phytohormones is very expensive and the use of chlorocholine chloride in the toxicological problems afflicted. Toxicologically unfavorable saline stress-reducing hydroxylamine derivatives (DD-PS 216159) are to be evaluated.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to develop new agents for increasing the plant tolerance to salt contamination, preferably for NaCI-salinated soils.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to develop means for increasing the salt tolerance of crops, preferably of cereals on NaCI-salinated soils, which are toxicologically safe and act particularly stress-relieving in the salt-sensitive germination and young plant phase.

This object is achieved in that the means for increasing the salt tolerance of crops in addition to conventional excipients and carriers as the active ingredient fatty acid condensation products of monoethanolamine of the general formula

Äf> vT (Π _ Π ^

HO - GHp - CHp - N ^{Χ Λά άά} ;

R in which R = hydrogen or acyl (C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ ),

contain. The fatty acids used are preferably C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ -containing fatty acid _mixtures , in particular the chain lengths C _17n , 8: ₁ > C ₁₈ : 3 and / or C ₂ 2: 1.

embodiment

In Tables I to III, the agents according to the invention in each case by specifying the radical R of the general formula

Acyl (C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ ) R

HO - CH ₂ - CH ₂ - Έ

characterized.

For the preparation of the active ingredients used in Tables I and III is a fatty acid mixture with the following percentage

Distribution of the acyl C numbers has been used:

C _{13: 0} and Ci _{5: 1} each 1% C _{14: 0} = 2% Ci5: 0 = 4.5% Ci6: 0 = 8.0% c _{16: 1} = 10.0%

C ₁₇₁₀ = 7% '

C ₁₇ M = 32% C ₁ S :!) ⁼ 6% C ₁₈₁₁ = 13% C _18: 2 = 10.5% C _{18: 3} = 3%> C ₂₀ = 6%

The extraction of fatty acid mixtures from microbial biomass according to

DD-PS 226472 DD-PS 226471

For the diacyl derivative of monoethanolamine in Table II is a fatty acid mixture with the following percentage distribution

C numbers have been used:

C _16:!) ⁼ 3% CI8: 0 = 1% C ₁₈ M = 15% C _{18: 2} = 14% of cis: 3 = 18% C ₂₀ M = 7%. C ₂₂ , = 42%

Example 1: Influence of the agents according to the invention on the seedling growth of cereals under salt stress

Studies on seedling growth have been made in Petri dishes. For this purpose, seeds of winter wheat (CV Alcedo) and spring barley (CV Salome) were pre-swollen either in distilled water or in saline for 5 hours. A portion of the water or saline solution was mixed with varying amounts of the agents of the invention prior to swelling the grains. Following the pre-swelling phase, the grains were placed on wet filter paper in sealed petri dishes. The determination of the degree of germination and seedling growth took place 48 hours after the kernels had been placed in the Petri dishes (culturing at 23 ^° C. in a darkroom).

Table I: Influence of the agents according to the invention on the seedling growth of winter wheat under salt stress

medium concentration Seedling growth (rel.) with salt ¹¹ (Ppm) without salt 130 * a) according to the invention 5 103 132 * (R = H) 50 107 126 * 500 111 120 * 5000 112

b) comparison substances 20 kinetin 10 Gibberellin A ₃ 100 Gibberellin A ₃ 15 CCC (chlorocholine chloride) 150 CCC (chlorocholine chloride)

94 115 * 110

c) without funds (control)

(70 mg / 10 pfi.

100

55 mg / 10 pfi.)

GD _5% = 15.0 (rel.) Salinity: 0.3% NaCl, 0.15% KCl

Table II: Influence of the agents according to the invention on the seedling growth of spring barley under salt stress

medium

Concentration (ppm)

Seedling growth (rel.)

without salt with salt ¹¹

a) according to the invention (R = acyl)

1.0

116 *

b) Comparative Substances Kinetin Gibberellin A ₃ Gibberellin A ₃ Chlorocholine chloride

20 100

10,150

84

110 ₁₁₈ (

114

c) without funds (control)

(79 mg / l OPfI.)

100

(65 mg / 10 pfi.)

* GD _5% = 15.2 (rel.)

^{1 + 1} safety limit

¹¹ salt concentration 0.5% NaCl, 0.15% KCl

It can be seen from the results summarized in Tables I and II that the agents according to the invention markedly improved the plant tolerance to saline load, so that the germ inhibition caused by alkali metal salts, in particular NaCl, was reduced or eliminated as a result of the use of the agent. The agents of the present invention were more effective at appropriate concentrations than kinetin, chlorocholine chloride, and as the expensive gibberellin A3. To achieve the tolerance effects no higher application rates compared to the known comparison substances were required.

Example 2: Influence of the agents according to the invention on growth processes of winter wheat plants under salt stress

Wheat grains were immersed in aqueous solution of the compositions according to the invention for 15 hours at 5 ° C and then sown in filled with quartz sand substrate plastic tubes (2.5 kg of sand substrate per vessel). Nutrients and water were added to the quartz sand substrate according to the standard procedure for vial tests. In addition, NaCI was added to some of the vessels for the preparation of conversion conditions (degree of salification 0.2% NaCl based on dry sand substrate solids). The cultivation of the plants took place in climatic chambers at 20 ⁰ C, 45% relative humidity and a 12-hour light-dark change. 4 weeks after sowing, the harvest took place.

Table III: Influence of the agents according to the invention on the growth of young wheat plants under salt stress

medium

Plant parts / stress situation

Dry matter (mg / plant and rel.)

without funds application

according to the invention (R = H) [I ppm]

shoot

without salt with salt without salt with salt

504 455 533 527

(100%)

(90%)

(106%)

(103%)

without funds application

According to the invention (R = H) [I ppm] [5 ppm]

root

without salt with salt without salt with salt without salt with salt

145 146 170 177 176 182

(100%)

(101%)

(117%) *

(122%) *

(121%) *

(126%) *

GD ₅ ./. = 16.3 (rel.)

According to Example 2 (Table III), the agent according to the invention increases the resistance of the plants to salt stress, so that no salt-induced growth depressions arise.

Claims (2)

1. An agent for increasing the salt tolerance of crop plants, preferably cereals on NaCI-salinated soils, characterized in that they in addition to conventional excipients and carriers as the active ingredient fatty acid condensation products of the monoethanolamine of the general formula, , '' Acyl (C ₁ P - Cpp) HO - CHp - GHp - Έ ^{Λά άά} in the R = hydrogen or acyl (C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ ). 2. Composition according to item 1, characterized in that are preferably used as fatty acids C ₁₂ -C ₂₂ -containing fatty acid mixtures, in particular the chain lengths C _{17: 1} , C _{18: 1} , C _{18: 3} and / or C _{22: 1} .